396:
therefore a much larger team of technical staff with physical and electronic access to almost all of the data at the entire facility or perhaps the entire company. Decryption keys that are kept by the service user, as opposed to the service provider, limit access to data by service provider employees. As for sharing multiple data in the cloud with multiple users, a large number of keys has to be distributed to users via secure channels for decryption, also it has to be securely stored and managed by the users in their devices. Storing these keys requires rather expensive secure storage. To overcome that, key-aggregate cryptosystem can be used.
180:
2277:
2289:
404:
risk of having data read during transmission can be mitigated through encryption technology. Encryption in transit protects data as it is being transmitted to and from the cloud service. Encryption at rest protects data that is stored at the service provider. Encrypting data in an on-premises cloud service on-ramp system can provide both kinds of encryption protection.
874:
Kolodner, Elliot K.; Tal, Sivan; Kyriazis, Dimosthenis; Naor, Dalit; Allalouf, Miriam; Bonelli, Lucia; Brand, Per; Eckert, Albert; Elmroth, Erik; Gogouvitis, Spyridon V.; Harnik, Danny; Hernandez, Francisco; Jaeger, Michael C.; Bayuh Lakew, Ewnetu; Manuel Lopez, Jose; Lorenz, Mirko; Messina, Alberto;
483:
Users with specific records-keeping requirements, such as public agencies that must retain electronic records according to statute, may encounter complications with using cloud computing and storage. For instance, the U.S. Department of
Defense designated the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA)
320:
Organizations can choose between off-premises and on-premises cloud storage options, or a mixture of the two options, depending on relevant decision criteria that is complementary to initial direct cost savings potential; for instance, continuity of operations (COOP), disaster recovery (DR), security
524:
Hybrid cloud storage is a term for a storage infrastructure that uses a combination of on-premises storage resources with cloud storage. The on-premises storage is usually managed by the organization, while the public cloud storage provider is responsible for the management and security of the data
403:
By sharing storage and networks with many other users/customers it is possible for other customers to access your data. Sometimes because of erroneous actions, faulty equipment, a bug and sometimes because of criminal intent. This risk applies to all types of storage and not only cloud storage. The
427:
Companies are not permanent and the services and products they provide can change. Outsourcing data storage to another company needs careful investigation and nothing is ever certain. Contracts set in stone can be worthless when a company ceases to exist or its circumstances change. Companies can:
383:
When data has been distributed it is stored at more locations increasing the risk of unauthorized physical access to the data. For example, in cloud based architecture, data is replicated and moved frequently so the risk of unauthorized data recovery increases dramatically. Such as in the case of
529:
that presents a file system or object storage interface which the users can access in the same way they would access a local storage system. The cloud storage gateway transparently transfers the data to and from the cloud storage service, providing low latency access to the data through a local
395:
The number of people with access to the data who could be compromised (e.g., bribed, or coerced) increases dramatically. A single company might have a small team of administrators, network engineers, and technicians, but a cloud storage company will have many customers and thousands of servers,
408:
There are several options available to avoid security issues. One option is to use a private cloud instead of a public cloud. Another option is to ingest data in an encrypted format where the key is held within the on-premise infrastructure. To this end, access is often by use of on-premise
533:
Hybrid cloud storage can be used to supplement an organization's internal storage resources, or it can be used as the primary storage infrastructure. In either case, hybrid cloud storage can provide organizations with greater flexibility and scalability than traditional on-premises storage
545:
is stored off-site in the cloud. This can save space, reduce storage costs and improve performance. Additionally, hybrid cloud storage can provide organizations with greater redundancy and fault tolerance, as data is stored in both on-premises and cloud storage infrastructure.
146:
launched
PersonaLink Services, an online platform for personal and business communication and entrepreneurship. The storage was one of the first to be all web-based, and referenced in their commercials as, "you can think of our electronic meeting place as the cloud."
384:
disposal of old equipment, reuse of drives, reallocation of storage space. The manner that data is replicated depends on the service level a customer chooses and on the service provided. When encryption is in place it can ensure confidentiality.
313:
Companies need only pay for the storage they actually use, typically an average of consumption during a month, quarter, or year. This does not mean that cloud storage is less expensive, only that it incurs operating expenses rather than capital
341:
from the cloud to on-premises locations or to import a virtual machine image from an on-premises location to the cloud image library. In addition, cloud storage can be used to move virtual machine images between user accounts or between data
494:
Piracy and copyright infringement may be enabled by sites that permit filesharing. For example, the CodexCloud ebook storage site has faced litigation from the owners of the intellectual property uploaded and shared there, as have the
399:
It increases the number of networks over which the data travels. Instead of just a local area network (LAN) or storage area network (SAN), data stored on a cloud requires a WAN (wide area network) to connect them
509:
The resources used to produce large data centers, especially those needed to power them, is causing nations to drastically increase their energy production. This is leads to further climate damaging implications.
461:
Reliability and availability depends on wide area network availability and on the level of precautions taken by the service provider. Reliability should be based on hardware as well as various algorithms
491:
Cloud storage is a rich resource for both hackers and national security agencies. Because the cloud holds data from many different users and organizations, hackers see it as a very valuable target.
846:
S. Rhea, C. Wells, P. Eaton, D. Geels, B. Zhao, H. Weatherspoon, and J. Kubiatowicz, Maintenance-Free Global Data
Storage. IEEE Internet Computing, Vol 5, No 5, September/October 2001, pp 40–49.
1411:
80:, and the physical environment secured, protected, and running. People and organizations buy or lease storage capacity from the providers to store user, organization, or application data.
334:
Cloud storage provides users with immediate access to a broad range of resources and applications hosted in the infrastructure of another organization via a web service interface.
952:
Vernik, Gil, et al. "Data On-boarding in
Federated Storage Clouds." Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Cloud Computing. IEEE Computer Society, 2013.
1062:
328:
is intrinsic to object storage architecture, so depending on the application, the additional technology, effort and cost to add availability and protection can be eliminated.
1137:
1258:
267:(EBS) is used for other enterprise applications like databases and often require dedicated, low latency storage for each host. This is comparable in certain respects to
1472:
345:
Cloud storage can be used as natural disaster proof backup, as normally there are 2 or 3 different backup servers located in different places around the globe.
1036:
1112:
978:
875:
Shulman-Peleg, Alexandra; Talyansky, Roman; Voulodimos, Athanasios; Wolfsthal, Yaron (2011). "A Cloud
Environment for Data-intensive Storage Services".
458:
Performance for outsourced storage is likely to be lower than local storage, depending on how much a customer is willing to spend for WAN bandwidth
1415:
1314:
849:
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The legal aspect, from a regulatory compliance standpoint, is of concern when storing files domestically and especially internationally.
1364:
1748:
1584:
1503:
331:
Storage maintenance tasks, such as purchasing additional storage capacity, are offloaded to the responsibility of a service provider.
1066:
1286:
1086:
O’Brien, J. A. & Marakas, G. M. (2011). Computer
Software. Management Information Systems 10th ed. 145. McGraw-Hill/Irwin
858:
1213:
902:
722:
2122:
1167:
1144:
577:
256:, used for applications that need access to shared files and require a file system. This storage is often supported with a
485:
283:
1436:
Subashini, S.; Kavitha, V. (2011-01-01). "A survey on security issues in service delivery models of cloud computing".
1703:
1480:
662:
260:(NAS) server, used for large content repositories, development environments, media stores, or user home directories.
97:
1096:
245:, EMC ECS and Hitachi Content Platform, and distributed storage research projects like OceanStore and VISION Cloud.
139:
offered its consumer users a small amount of disk space that could be used to store any files they chose to upload.
2292:
1339:
1040:
566:
155:
in 2006, and has gained widespread recognition and adoption as the storage supplier to popular services such as
2262:
317:
Businesses using cloud storage can cut their energy consumption by up to 70% making them a more green business.
225:
Examples of object storage services that can be hosted and deployed with cloud storage characteristics include
1116:
988:
2320:
1577:
53:
1239:
1549:
422:
1522:
2069:
1627:
19:
This article is about enterprise-level cloud data storage. For consumer-level file hosting services, see
1009:
Gupta, P (20 October 2013). "The usage and adoption of cloud computing by small and medium businesses".
927:
847:
264:
249:
2087:
607:
592:
287:
113:
1166:
Chu, Cheng-Kang; Chow, Sherman S.M.; Tzeng, Wen-Guey; Zhou, Jianying; Deng, Robert H. (2014-02-01).
823:
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protocol. It can function as a central file server for organizations with multiple office locations.
68:(sometimes in multiple locations), and the physical environment is typically owned and managed by a
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885:
367:
257:
1708:
1632:
657:
268:
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1097:
Create solutions on IBM SmartCloud
Enterprise: Transfer image assets between different accounts
1037:"Ochs, R. (2012). The New Decision-Makers. CRN (June 22, 2012). Retrieved on December 10, 2012"
880:
667:
632:
171:
announced an online file sharing and personal cloud content management service for businesses.
61:
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1763:
1688:
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1652:
1647:
1622:
1063:"4 reasons why cloud and on-premises storage are different, but equally good for people data"
961:
Kemme, Bettina, et al. "Consistency in
Distributed Systems (Dagstuhl Seminar 13081)." (2013).
652:
642:
622:
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Be purchased by a company headquartered in or move to a country that negates compliance with
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300:
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to maintain a list of records management products that meet all of the records retention,
8:
2082:
1904:
1473:"Codex Cloud: Upload Your Books & Read Them Online Along With Other People's Uploads"
561:
556:
442:
148:
1138:"US-CERT ICS-TIP-12-146-01 Targeted Cyber Intrusion and Detection Mitigation Strategies"
740:
Louden, Bill (September 1983). "Increase Your 100's
Storage with 128K from Compuserve".
26:"Cloud Drive" redirects here. For the product formerly known as Amazon Cloud Drive, see
2039:
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321:(PII, HIPAA, SARBOX, IA/CND), and records retention laws, regulations, and policies.
2222:
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1457:
1445:
1179:
1018:
890:
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537:
There are several benefits to using hybrid cloud storage, including the ability to
385:
877:
2011 IEEE Third
International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science
2217:
2167:
2034:
1984:
1974:
1593:
1214:"4 Ways: Transfer Files from One OneDrive Account to Another without Downloading"
912:
862:
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Cloud storage is based on highly virtualized infrastructure and is like broader
2102:
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1929:
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stored in the cloud. Hybrid cloud storage can be implemented by an on-premises
376:
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820:"On-premises private cloud storage description, characteristics, and options"
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provider. These cloud storage providers are responsible for keeping the data
49:
203:
resources. Cloud storage services can be used from an off-premises service (
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2107:
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1999:
1851:
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Made up of many distributed resources, but still acts as one, either in a
2132:
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496:
372:
192:
94:
77:
1412:"Google Ditches Microsoft's Windows Over Security Issues, Report Claims"
1259:"Cloud's worst-case scenario: What to do if your provider goes belly up"
480:
may be a concern when storing sensitive data at a cloud storage provider
2252:
2237:
2197:
2137:
2054:
2024:
2004:
1989:
1959:
1944:
1861:
1168:"Key-Aggregate Cryptosystem for Scalable Data Sharing in Cloud Storage"
222:. Each of these cloud storage types offer their own unique advantages.
136:
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1390:"National Security Agency Pressed to Reveal Details on Google Deal"
1340:"Cloud Data Storage Companies, Here are 15 Services and Innovators"
692:
57:
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2182:
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Highly fault tolerant through redundancy and distribution of data
200:
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2192:
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253:
1504:"Publishers beware: Is CodexCloud the Grooveshark for ebooks?"
541:
frequently used data on-site for quick access, while inactive
2242:
2147:
2029:
983:
1523:"When Online File Storage Gets Legal: Regulatory Compliance"
798:"Box.net lets you store, share, work in the computing cloud"
488:(PII), and security (Information Assurance; IA) requirements
1365:"DoDD 5015.2 DOD Records Management Program, Section 5.1.3"
413:
that have options to encrypt the data prior of transfer.
56:
and is accessible to users over a network, typically the
873:
296:
Highly durable through the creation of versioned copies
348:
Cloud storage can be mapped as a local drive with the
132:
to connect people and data from anywhere at any time.
1172:
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
124:
Cloud computing is believed to have been invented by
928:"Qumulo – Because Data Storage Is Not Created Equal"
800:. Silicon Valley Business Journal. December 16, 2009
207:) or deployed on-premises (ViON Capacity Services).
191:
in terms of interfaces, near-instant elasticity and
1278:
100:(API) or by applications that use the API, such as
1306:
1287:"Verizon gets 'black eye' in long cloud shutdown"
1233:
1231:
766:
210:There are three types of cloud storage: a hosted
2307:
1435:
1315:"Free cloud storage service MegaCloud goes dark"
1165:
1250:
1011:International Journal of Information Management
1228:
1578:
1501:
1438:Journal of Network and Computer Applications
842:
840:
1095:Wu C F, Wang Y S, Liu G N, Amies, A, 2012,
1585:
1571:
1470:
248:Examples of file storage services include
183:A high level architecture of cloud storage
1543:
1541:
1539:
884:
837:
388:can be used when disposing of data (on a
973:
971:
969:
967:
748:(1). New England Publications Inc.: 22.
178:
1237:
513:
438:Be purchased by other larger companies.
151:introduced their cloud storage service
2308:
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1256:
979:"Nasuni Cloud Storage Gateway | ZDNet"
739:
337:Cloud storage can be used for copying
237:Storage, object storage software like
1566:
1547:
1520:
1387:
1130:
1008:
964:
715:
356:
2288:
1206:
1145:U.S. Department of Homeland Security
578:Comparison of online backup services
1592:
1313:Butler, Brandon (1 November 2013).
1240:"Definition: cloud storage gateway"
486:personally identifiable information
13:
1409:
1285:Gaudin, Sharon (12 January 2015).
925:
767:Daniela Hernandez (May 23, 2014).
14:
2337:
1704:Distributed file system for cloud
1633:Integration platform as a service
1521:Jones, Hadley (16 January 2014).
1502:Nancy Messieh (18 October 2011).
663:Distributed file system for cloud
466:
448:Suffer an irrecoverable disaster.
98:application programming interface
2287:
2276:
2275:
1388:Mello, John P. (20 March 2012).
452:
361:
1514:
1495:
1464:
1429:
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1381:
1357:
1332:
1257:Butler, Brandon (2 June 2014).
1159:
1105:
1089:
1080:
1055:
1029:
1023:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2013.07.001
1002:
955:
567:Cloud Data Management Interface
174:
2263:Virtual Private Cloud OnDemand
1471:Justin Pot (7 December 2011).
946:
919:
867:
812:
790:
760:
733:
723:"A History of Cloud Computing"
503:sites it has been compared to.
435:Expand and change their focus.
241:, object storage systems like
128:in the 1960s with his work on
16:Model of computer data storage
1:
1548:Jones, Margaret (July 2019).
709:
445:and thus necessitates a move.
307:
263:A block storage service like
1113:"The Attack Surface Problem"
1065:. 2013-09-09. Archived from
987:. 2010-06-04. Archived from
769:"Tech Time Warp of the Week"
423:Financial statement analysis
416:
303:with regard to data replicas
7:
1628:Infrastructure as a service
1238:Barrett, Mike (July 2014).
549:
375:data storage increases the
10:
2342:
1450:10.1016/j.jnca.2010.07.006
1115:. Sans.edu. Archived from
517:
420:
365:
265:Amazon Elastic Block Store
250:Amazon Elastic File System
119:
114:content management systems
86:may be accessed through a
25:
18:
2271:
2088:Abiquo Enterprise Edition
2068:
1890:
1772:
1666:
1600:
1414:. PCWorld. Archived from
608:Cooperative storage cloud
593:Cooperative storage cloud
324:Storage availability and
288:cooperative storage cloud
1724:Native cloud application
895:10.1109/CloudCom.2011.55
368:Cloud computing security
258:Network Attached Storage
2248:Virtual Machine Manager
1709:Hardware virtualization
658:Distributed file system
269:direct attached storage
1719:Mobile cloud computing
1689:Cloud storage gateways
1679:Cloud-native computing
1550:"Hybrid Cloud Storage"
668:Distributed data store
633:Distributed networking
569:, better known as CDMI
411:cloud storage gateways
339:virtual machine images
184:
84:Cloud storage services
1764:Virtual private cloud
1658:Software as a service
1653:Security as a service
1648:Platform as a service
1623:Function as a service
1184:10.1109/TPDS.2013.112
653:Clustered file system
623:Mobile edge computing
527:cloud storage gateway
301:eventually consistent
182:
106:cloud storage gateway
38:computer data storage
2321:Network file systems
1744:Serverless computing
1643:Network as a service
1638:Backend as a service
1618:Desktop as a service
1608:Content as a service
879:. pp. 357–366.
688:In-memory processing
673:Distributed database
598:Google Cloud Storage
588:Mobile cloud storage
583:File hosting service
520:Hybrid cloud storage
514:Hybrid cloud storage
273:storage area network
231:Oracle Cloud Storage
21:file hosting service
2083:Amazon Web Services
1905:Amazon Web Services
1346:. 16 September 2022
562:Cloud collaboration
557:Block-level storage
443:export restrictions
377:attack surface area
149:Amazon Web Services
2040:SAP Cloud Platform
1749:Structured storage
1483:on 21 October 2016
1377:on March 22, 2011.
1100:IBM developerWorks
861:2011-06-23 at the
852:2012-03-29 at the
683:In-memory database
357:Potential concerns
278:Cloud storage is:
185:
126:J. C. R. Licklider
2303:
2302:
1955:Google App Engine
1754:Virtual appliance
1613:Data as a service
1216:. MultCloud. 2023
1043:on August 5, 2016
932:WEI Tech Exchange
904:978-1-4673-0090-2
44:, said to be on "
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534:infrastructure.
386:Crypto-shredding
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326:data protection
310:
239:Openstack Swift
235:Microsoft Azure
189:cloud computing
177:
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91:cloud computing
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1158:
1147:. 19 July 2012
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518:Main article:
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467:Other concerns
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1418:on 2011-07-01
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1410:Spring, Tom.
1406:
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1319:Network World
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1119:on 2013-09-21
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926:Cardin, Jay.
922:
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779:on 2020-09-21
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2128:Google Cloud
2108:DigitalOcean
2098:Citrix Cloud
2000:Oracle Cloud
1852:Proton Drive
1842:Oracle Cloud
1774:Applications
1694:Data centers
1683:
1667:Technologies
1553:
1527:. Retrieved
1525:. CloudWedge
1516:
1507:
1497:
1485:. Retrieved
1481:the original
1476:
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1416:the original
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1383:
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1343:
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1280:
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1132:
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1117:the original
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1067:the original
1057:
1047:December 10,
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777:the original
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742:Portable 100
741:
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703:Logical disk
638:Data cluster
536:
532:
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472:Security of
432:Go bankrupt.
426:
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290:architecture
277:
262:
247:
224:
216:file storage
209:
186:
175:Architecture
141:
134:
123:
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28:Amazon Drive
2326:Outsourcing
2133:GreenButton
1940:Engine Yard
1487:12 December
1444:(1): 1–11.
648:File system
497:Grooveshark
474:stored data
373:Outsourcing
271:(DAS) or a
254:Qumulo Core
193:scalability
167:. In 2005,
104:storage, a
95:web service
93:service, a
52:in logical
2310:Categories
2253:Wakame-vdc
2238:libguestfs
2198:OpenNebula
2138:GreenQloud
2118:Eucalyptus
2093:CloudStack
2055:vCloud Air
2025:RightScale
2005:OutSystems
1990:MindSphere
1960:GreenQloud
1862:Salesforce
1825:Office 365
1729:Networking
1529:2014-01-16
1422:2013-07-08
1396:2013-07-08
1350:2022-09-19
1220:5 December
1151:5 December
1123:2013-07-08
1073:2013-09-09
995:2024-08-02
830:2012-12-10
804:October 2,
783:2024-08-02
710:References
421:See also:
366:See also:
308:Advantages
299:Typically
252:(EFS) and
137:CompuServe
78:accessible
2203:OpenStack
2163:Lunacloud
2143:IBM Cloud
2113:EMC Atmos
2060:WaveMaker
2035:Force.com
2015:OpenShift
1970:IBM Cloud
1950:GE Predix
1920:CloudBolt
1892:Platforms
1872:PlateSpin
1857:Rackspace
1837:Nextcloud
1820:Microsoft
1815:IBM Cloud
1797:Workspace
1477:MakeUseOf
1392:. PCWorld
1192:1045-9219
1102:, June 6.
881:CiteSeerX
754:0738-7016
643:Directory
543:cold data
417:Longevity
314:expenses.
284:federated
243:EMC Atmos
227:Amazon S3
214:service,
205:Amazon S3
165:Pinterest
153:Amazon S3
142:In 1994,
135:In 1983,
88:colocated
74:available
46:the cloud
40:in which
2282:Category
2173:Mirantis
1980:Jelastic
1910:AppScale
1847:Owncloud
1830:OneDrive
1811:(closed)
1809:HP Cloud
1759:Web APIs
1739:Security
1714:Internet
1200:13030328
938:5 August
859:Archived
850:Archived
693:OneDrive
550:See also
342:centers.
144:AT&T
58:Internet
50:remotely
2294:Commons
2233:libvirt
2213:OrionVM
2183:Nimbula
2178:Netlify
2123:Fujitsu
2010:openQRM
1995:Netlify
1975:Inktank
1935:Creatio
1877:Workday
1867:Seafile
1787:Dropbox
1508:NextWeb
1458:7924866
1324:20 June
1298:20 June
1270:20 June
530:cache.
501:YouTube
275:(SAN).
201:metered
161:Dropbox
157:SmugMug
130:ARPANET
120:History
112:-based
66:servers
2258:Vercel
2228:Zadara
2193:OpenIO
2188:Nimbus
2158:Linode
2153:Joyent
2050:Vercel
2045:Splunk
1965:Heroku
1945:Helion
1792:Google
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350:WebDAV
218:, and
199:, and
163:, and
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2148:iland
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1802:Drive
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1375:(PDF)
1368:(PDF)
1196:S2CID
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984:ZDNet
934:. WEI
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909:S2CID
773:Wired
539:cache
462:used.
400:both.
286:or a
54:pools
2103:Deft
1882:Zoho
1489:2012
1326:2015
1300:2015
1272:2015
1222:2023
1188:ISSN
1153:2023
1049:2012
940:2021
899:ISBN
806:2016
750:ISSN
499:and
476:and
390:disk
233:and
76:and
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110:Web
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