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541:, serving from 1977 to 1981. He was the first African American appointed to this Cabinet position. During this time, he concentrated upon improving the all-volunteer Army, stressing programs to enhance professionalism, and emphasizing the award of contracts to minority businesses to fulfill the federal commitment to encourage diversity. He also sought to eliminate barriers to women and racial minorities being promoted to the rank of
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After his tenure as
Secretary of the Army ended in 1981, Alexander formed the consulting firm of Alexander and Associates with his wife. In addition, he served on the boards of directors of several national corporations and was a member of the Board of Governors of the
488:
in 1967. During his tenure he elevated the agency to play a significant role in fighting workplace discrimination. He resigned from the agency in 1969, after
President Richard Nixon demoted him from chairman to commissioner.
588:" policy of the military, signed a statement in November 2008 calling for its repeal so that gays could serve openly. He also expressed his point of view on the matter in his interviews by
581:
During an interview for the
Koeppel report in the 1980, Alexander confessed that he expected to die before seeing an African-American Senator, President or head of a Fortune 500 company.
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from 1959 to 1961. He then became executive director of the
Manhattanville Hamilton Grange Neighborhood Conservation Project, before serving as program and executive director of
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Throughout
Johnson's presidency, Alexander continued to act as his go-between with the African American community, notably in the aftermath of the
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385:; his mother, Edith (McAllister), was a community leader who was an adviser on civil rights to several mayors. Alexander attended the private
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As a special representative of the
President, Alexander headed the American delegation to ceremonies marking the independence of the
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between 1969 and 1975. He eventually became its first Black partner, and successfully pressed the firm to employ graduates from
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in 2013. He died on July 3, 2022, at his home in
Manhattan. He was 88, and suffered from heart failure prior to his death.
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Hornblower, Margot (September 24, 1863). "Hand Check Of 93,473 Ballots Ends: Mayor's Win
Verified by Hand Count".
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Black Greek-Letter
Organizations in the 21st Century: Our Fight Has Just Begun
553:. Alexander also endorsed the increases in salary for military personnel and
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341:(September 21, 1933 – July 3, 2022) was an American lawyer, businessman and
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Alexander returned to public service as
Secretary of the Army under the
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the following year. He also taught as a professor of law at Howard and
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677:"Clifford Alexander Jr., first Black secretary of Army, dies at 88"
879:"Yale Law School Mourns the Loss of Clifford L. Alexander Jr. '58"
418:
After being admitted to the bar, Alexander served as an assistant
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and served briefly with the 369th Field Artillery Battalion at
374:
653:"Clifford L. Alexander, Adviser to Presidents, Is Dead at 88"
413:
592:
on April 3 and May 11, 2009, as well as on June 28, 2013.
624:
in 2009. Mark is the first African American dean of the
365:
to hold the position. He served in that role until 1981.
778:. United States Army Materiel Command. 1976. p. 30.
457:. Alexander later served as deputy special assistant to
397:. After graduating in 1958, he enlisted in the New York
545:. One of the beneficiaries of Alexander's efforts was
521:, who won the general election. He subsequently joined
480:
Chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
1008:"'The Rachel Maddow Show' for Friday, June 28th, 2013"
964:"'The Rachel Maddow Show' for Thursday, April 3, 2009"
2056:
Chairs of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
441:
in 1963 to serve as a foreign affairs officer on the
574:. He served as a political and campaign advisor to
497:
Alexander practiced law with the Washington firm of
484:
Alexander was appointed as the chairman of the U.S.
986:"'The Rachel Maddow Show' for Monday, May 11, 2009"
584:Alexander was outspoken in his opposition to the "
791:"Army Weighing City Plea to Help Demolition Plan"
2012:
1060:Clifford Alexander's oral history video excerpts
509:from 1972 to 1976. He ran unsuccessfully in the
944:. NBC News. Associated Press. November 17, 2008
2116:Television personalities from Washington, D.C.
2046:Candidates in the 1974 United States elections
746:Secretaries of War and Secretaries of the Army
16:American lawyer and public servant (1933–2022)
1132:
772:"Alexander Sworn In as Secretary of the Army"
523:Verner, Lipfert, Bernhard, McPherson and Hand
67:February 13, 1977 – January 20, 1981
1062:at The National Visionary Leadership Project
604:in 1959. She became a history professor at
379:immigrated to the United States from Jamaica
368:
942:"Admirals, generals: Let gays serve openly"
904:. National Museum of the United States Army
517:, losing by 4,000 votes (53%-47% total) to
465:staff all during the span of 1964 to 1967.
345:from New York City. He first served on the
2091:Lyndon B. Johnson administration personnel
1139:
1125:
862:
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549:, who finished second in his class at the
31:
616:. Elizabeth wrote and recited the poem "
414:Early years and National Security Council
1029:Parks, Gregory S., ed. (June 13, 2008).
902:"Biographies – Clifford L. Alexander Jr"
871:
788:
532:
505:. He also hosted a television talk show
2066:Ethical Culture Fieldston School alumni
722:. Johnson Publishing Company. June 1977
486:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
470:assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
355:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
109:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
2013:
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829:
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551:Army Command and General Staff College
2136:20th-century African-American lawyers
2121:United States Secretaries of the Army
2096:Military personnel from New York City
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842:. Infobase Publishing. pp. 3–5.
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387:Ethical Culture and Fieldston schools
121:August 4, 1967 – May 1, 1969
2061:Deaths from congestive heart failure
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1096:United States Secretary of the Army
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55:United States Secretary of the Army
13:
789:Reinhold, Robert (July 11, 1979).
757:
626:Villanova University School of Law
622:first inauguration of Barack Obama
445:staff, having been recommended to
377:on September 21, 1933. His father
353:, before becoming chairman of the
14:
2147:
2106:New York National Guard personnel
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899:
839:African Americans in the Military
515:mayor of the District of Columbia
1657:
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1148:United States Secretaries of War
1035:. University Press of Kentucky.
836:Reef, Catherine (May 14, 2014).
527:Georgetown University Law Center
389:. He then studied government at
2051:Carter administration personnel
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881:. Yale Law School. July 5, 2022
742:"Clifford Leopold Alexander Jr"
513:for the first directly-elected
507:Cliff Alexander: Black on White
503:Howard University School of Law
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437:Alexander was first called to
339:Clifford Leopold Alexander Jr.
184:Clifford Leopold Alexander Jr.
1:
2086:Lawyers from Washington, D.C.
2036:21st-century American lawyers
2031:20th-century American lawyers
776:Army Research and Development
699:
675:Mills, Alexa (July 4, 2022).
635:fraternity. He relocated to
564:
361:a decade later, becoming the
38:
673:
651:Risen, Clay (July 4, 2022).
649:
606:George Washington University
7:
2126:Washington, D.C., Democrats
10:
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2101:New York (state) Democrats
2081:Lawyers from New York City
2041:Arnold & Porter people
631:Alexander was a member of
432:Harlem Youth Opportunities
357:in 1967. He was appointed
2076:Howard University faculty
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966:. NBC News. April 3, 2009
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369:Early life and background
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1010:. NBC News. July 1, 2013
988:. NBC News. May 15, 2009
642:
618:Praise Song for the Day
596:Personal life and death
572:American Stock Exchange
511:1974 Democratic primary
327:369th Infantry Regiment
322:New York National Guard
2131:Yale Law School alumni
2071:Harvard College alumni
1066:Clifford Alexander Jr.
748:. 1992. Archived from
373:Alexander was born in
363:first African American
351:Kennedy administration
1473:Assistant Secretaries
586:Don't Ask, Don't Tell
539:Carter Administration
533:Secretary of the Army
359:Secretary of the Army
310:Years of service
930:– via youtube.
924:"D.C. /Divided City"
474:Kingdom of Swaziland
403:Fort Dix, New Jersey
165:William H. Brown III
865:The Washington Post
682:The Washington Post
610:Elizabeth Alexander
455:March on Washington
210:New York City, U.S.
196:New York City, U.S.
37:Official portrait,
2111:People from Harlem
1088:Martin R. Hoffmann
1080:Political offices
796:The New York Times
658:The New York Times
600:Alexander married
557:at the end of the
325: •
304:United States Army
271:Harvard University
194:September 21, 1933
153:Stephen N. Shulman
88:Martin R. Hoffmann
2008:
2007:
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2003:
1821:Under Secretaries
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1618:Under Secretaries
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1104:Succeeded by
900:Ezell, Jennifer.
614:Mark C. Alexander
519:Walter Washington
499:Arnold and Porter
459:Lyndon B. Johnson
420:district attorney
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133:Lyndon B. Johnson
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138:Richard Nixon
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1751:C. Alexander
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799:. p. B1
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576:Barack Obama
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547:Colin Powell
536:
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338:
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206:(2022-07-03)
204:July 3, 2022
160:Succeeded by
116:
95:Succeeded by
76:Jimmy Carter
62:
18:
2026:2022 deaths
2021:1933 births
1823:of the Army
1683:of the Army
1681:Secretaries
1670:of the Army
1288:G. Crawford
1228:W. Crawford
1173:Secretaries
1165:(1789–1947)
602:Adele Logan
559:Vietnam War
463:White House
428:Frank Hogan
349:during the
231:Adele Logan
148:Preceded by
83:Preceded by
42: 1977
2015:Categories
1856:E. Johnson
1668:Department
1593:L. Johnson
1558:Wainwright
1523:Meiklejohn
1358:R. Lincoln
1343:J. Cameron
1313:S. Cameron
1183:B. Lincoln
1160:Department
1101:1977–1981
714:"Boss Man"
700:References
565:Later life
219:Democratic
190:1933-09-21
1996:Camarillo
1991:McPherson
1911:Augustine
1891:McGiffert
1851:Bendetsen
1628:Patterson
1598:Patterson
1458:Patterson
1403:Dickinson
1323:Schofield
1273:J. Porter
1243:P. Porter
1218:Armstrong
1193:Pickering
637:Manhattan
620:" at the
578:in 2008.
476:in 1968.
264:Education
254:Elizabeth
126:President
117:In office
72:President
63:In office
1986:McCarthy
1971:Westphal
1956:Brownlee
1951:Dahlberg
1881:Ignatius
1866:Finucane
1841:Voorhees
1806:McCarthy
1746:Hoffmann
1741:Callaway
1736:Froehlke
1608:Petersen
1588:Woodring
1568:MacNider
1563:D. Davis
1553:Williams
1543:Ingraham
1448:Woodring
1428:D. Davis
1413:Garrison
1363:Endicott
1298:J. Davis
1258:Poinsett
1208:Dearborn
1152:the Army
726:July 18,
250:Children
102:(acting)
1946:Rostker
1931:Shannon
1921:Ambrose
1916:LaBerge
1811:Wormuth
1796:Fanning
1771:Caldera
1711:Brucker
1706:Stevens
1573:Robbins
1548:Crowell
1498:Wolcott
1453:Stimson
1408:Stimson
1393:W. Taft
1368:Proctor
1348:McCrary
1338:A. Taft
1333:Belknap
1328:Rawlins
1318:Stanton
1278:Wilkins
1268:Spencer
1238:Barbour
1233:Calhoun
1198:McHenry
1014:July 9,
992:July 9,
970:July 9,
948:July 9,
908:July 8,
885:July 9,
803:July 9,
688:July 8,
664:July 8,
543:general
244:
236:
1981:Murphy
1976:Carson
1941:Walker
1936:Reeder
1906:Staudt
1901:BeLieu
1871:Milton
1861:Slezak
1831:Draper
1791:McHugh
1781:Harvey
1691:Royall
1638:Draper
1633:Royall
1620:of War
1603:McCloy
1578:Hurley
1533:Oliver
1528:Sanger
1508:Eckert
1493:Tucker
1488:Watson
1475:of War
1463:Royall
1438:Hurley
1398:Wright
1378:Lamont
1373:Elkins
1353:Ramsey
1293:Conrad
1223:Monroe
1213:Eustis
1203:Dexter
1175:of War
1162:of War
1110:Acting
1039:
846:
426:under
409:Career
375:Harlem
225:Spouse
1961:Geren
1926:Stone
1886:Resor
1876:Ailes
1801:Esper
1786:Geren
1776:White
1761:Stone
1756:Marsh
1731:Resor
1726:Ailes
1721:Vance
1716:Stahr
1583:Payne
1513:Grant
1483:Scott
1423:Weeks
1418:Baker
1383:Alger
1303:Floyd
1283:Marcy
1248:Eaton
719:Ebony
643:Notes
238:(
234:
53:13th
1966:Ford
1896:Beal
1836:Gray
1766:West
1701:Pace
1696:Gray
1503:Dana
1443:Dern
1433:Good
1388:Root
1308:Holt
1263:Bell
1253:Cass
1188:Knox
1150:and
1037:ISBN
1016:2022
994:2022
972:2022
950:2022
910:2022
887:2022
844:ISBN
805:2022
728:2011
690:2022
666:2022
612:and
422:for
318:Unit
313:1958
258:Mark
201:Died
180:Born
1518:Doe
1068:on
449:by
285:LLB
2017::
926:.
826:^
793:.
774:.
759:^
744:.
716:.
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628:.
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434:.
405:.
275:BA
240:m.
39:c.
1140:e
1133:t
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188:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
