266:
77:
50:
38:
84:
431:. Fisher was separated from the group, but the men selected a leader from among themselves, a Scottish-born captain named Ewen Cameron. Along the way, Cameron led most of the prisoners in an escape attempt. The Texans tried to make a run back for the border, but they hadn't bargained on the harsh and dry conditions in the mountains. All but three were recaptured and returned to the town of
419:
promised to deliver. The troops withdrew and waited. In the meantime, a large detachment of
Mexican troops arrived in the town. On December 25, the two sides engaged in a bloody battle that lasted almost 24 hours. The Texans sustained thirty casualties and ran out of food, water, and ammunition. More
363:
to command the assembling volunteers at San
Antonio. Men of all kinds came pouring into town, some shoeless, most horseless, some seeking adventure, and others of the criminal sort, wishing only to sack Mexican towns and villages. As Houston had hoped, Somervell acted indecisively. Soon, considerable
555:
Family and acquaintances of these men relate that after hiding the weapons, the group was directed to travel to the
Cantina de la Loma del Peligro bar, many miles down the highway leading from Mier to Ciudad Guerrero. There they met the buyer of the merchandise. In the bar it was agreed that the
469:, on March 25, 1843 – three months after the Battle of Mier – the prisoners were forced to draw a bean from a jar (while blindfolded) containing 159 white beans and 17 black beans. At dusk that day, those unlucky enough to draw a black bean were shot to death, in two groups.
267:
450:, Francisco Mexía, refused to carry out the order and pleaded with foreign ministers in Mexico City to persuade the president to change his mind. (Santa Anna was out of office from 26 October 1842 to 4 March 1843, with
552:). These men acquired the weapons in the United States then passed them over the Rio Grande in boats. When they disembarked the weapons were then unloaded at the Los Guajes Ranch, owned by Jesus 'El Gavilan' Ramírez.
461:." Santa Anna promised the foreign ministers that he would show mercy, and then modified his decree to order the decimation of the Mier prisoners; in other words, the execution of every tenth man. At
315:
The town was founded on March 6, 1753. The land was originally owned by Felix de
Almandoz. Land later passed on to General Prudencio Basterra who married Felix's sister Ana Maria. 19 Families from
852:
307:
In 1990, the population was recorded at 6,190. By the 2010 census, it had dropped to 4,762 inhabitants. It has an agricultural economy centered on cotton, sugar cane, corn, and livestock.
413:
On
December 23, 1842, Fisher and most of the men crossed the Rio Grande and entered the Ciudad Mier, where they met no resistance. They demanded supplies from the town, which the town's
537:
Fidel Castro had learned of the fashion in which any merchandise could be crossed illegally by the Rio Grande into Mier. At that time Castro was preparing for a revolution in
326:
from 1710 to 1714, Francisco Mier y Torre, used to spend the night there on his way to Texas. It began to be called
Estancia de Mier and then simply Mier. This is where the
587:, the drug boss of the Gulf organization. The fight between the drug cartels resulted in the death or kidnapping of all the police forces in the municipality of Ciudad Mier.
420:
than 200 Texans surrendered to
Mexican forces, unaware that they had mauled the Mexican troops to an almost unbelievable degree, inflicting an astounding 800 casualties.
399:
753:"Por inseguridad, aumenta la migración en la frontera norte de Tamaulipas 100 familias del norte de Tamaulipas abandonaron sus hogares ante la creciente ola de"
379:
San
Antonio in September. Houston once again summoned Somervell to organize and lead the volunteers but hoped that the Texas general would remain north of the
360:
432:
534:. At that time Ciudad Mier had near 4,000 inhabitants. Its isolation and close proximity with the U.S. border led to it becoming a mecca for smugglers.
507:
worked for the release of the Mier prisoners. They were eventually paroled in piecemeal fashion, with the last prisoner going home in
September 1844.
752:
898:
545:. Castro needed weapons and went to Mier to obtain them. Mier town historian Antonio Guerra said only the best smugglers received the assignment.
368:
stores in San
Antonio, coupled with out-and-out insubordination, broke up the volunteers before they could march on Mexico and start a major war.
860:
947:
827:
778:
504:
348:
On his return to power, General Santa Anna sent a force of seven hundred men, mostly mounted Mexican troops under the command of General
567:
Castro later confirmed that the weapons leading to the Cuban revolution indeed passed through Mier with the help of Mexican smugglers.
952:
712:
602:, ordered the creation of a military headquarters in the area, and now more than 600 military elements patrol the streets of Mier.
890:
937:
480:), and for leading the escape attempt. Canales intervened with Santa Anna, and he agreed. Cameron was shot by a firing squad at
427:
and entitled to no consideration as military prisoners of war. They were sentenced to death and then taken on a forced march to
499:. Over the next few months, some managed to escape, while others died of wounds, disease, and starvation. Diplomats from the
108:
472:
Cameron had drawn a white bean, which should have saved his life. However, he had earned the hostility of Mexican Colonel
487:
The remaining prisoners were put to work on a road gang. In September 1843, most of them were confined at the notorious
548:
The operation was assigned to Juan 'El Chapiado' González, from Mier, and Santiago 'El Chago' Guerra, from Agualeguas (
243:
222:
76:
387:. His volunteers had taken on an identity of their own; had he refused to march, the troops would have left him.
731:), accessed February 23, 2015. Uploaded on June 12, 2010. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
443:
49:
584:
376:
349:
591:
514:, the remains of the men executed in the Black Bean Episode were retrieved from Mexico and interred near
359:
The "war hawks" in the Texas Congress forced President Sam Houston to act. The President ordered General
942:
301:
323:
511:
885:
473:
173:
407:
403:
805:
477:
476:, for his role in the embarrassing defeat in his battle (July 1842 at Fort Lipantitlán, near
395:
161:
17:
740:
728:
447:
384:
232:
8:
488:
481:
316:
186:
709:
556:
weapons would continue south, leaving Mier to Aldamas. From there they would travel to
458:
599:
446:
ordered that the recaptured prisoners, some 176 men, be put to death immediately. The
423:
As far as the Mexicans were concerned, the Texans were privateers on an unauthorized
277:
495:, while a few were separated from the group and scattered into other prisons around
595:
515:
260:
451:
371:
Relations between Texas and Mexico worsened, especially after the Mexican general
716:
575:
Ciudad Mier was largely abandoned in 2010 due to the bloody turf war between the
519:
424:
383:. But as the army grew to 750 men, even Somervell realized that he would have to
343:
561:
390:
The army was slowly breaking up as a result of the disorder and looting, after
372:
931:
913:
900:
500:
398:, where pillaging occurred. Here a mutiny erupted in which 189 men followed
391:
123:
110:
549:
531:
380:
331:
576:
542:
428:
353:
205:
853:"600 militares llegan a Mier, una ciudad abandonada por sus habitantes"
436:
293:
289:
281:
580:
327:
297:
213:
828:"El 95% de los habitantes de un municipio huyeron por la violencia"
594:, as a result of the violence generated by the drug cartels in the
557:
492:
466:
168:
590:
Approximately 95% of the population left Ciudad Mier and went to
415:
496:
394:
was captured. The 500 who remained followed Somervell south to
365:
285:
37:
239:
218:
538:
729:
http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qmb01
530:
One historic event from Mier occurred in 1956 involving
337:
779:"Sin mando policial, siete municipios de Tamaulipas"
605:
522:), at which site has been established a monument.
929:
727:"BLACK BEAN EPISODE," Handbook of Texas Online (
560:where they would be loaded into a yacht named
806:"Ciudad Mier, Tamaulipas; Recuperar la magia"
680:Jesús Humberto Hinojosa Vivanco. (1999–2001)
296:. It is 90 miles (140 km) northeast of
671:Jesús Humberto Hinojosa Vivanco (1990–1992)
886:Expedition article at Texas State Library
674:Enrique Maldonado Quintanilla (1993–1995)
598:. Consequently, the president of Mexico,
457:What happened next became known as the "
656:Francisco Rodríguez Cavázos (1975–1977)
525:
465:, which was presumably in the state of
454:serving in the Presidential capacity.)
930:
803:
677:Jesús Ángel Guerra Mancías (1996–1998)
659:Vladimir Treviño Rodríguez (1978–1980)
632:Julio Ramírez-Mateo García (1952–1954)
620:Florentino Ramírez Canales (1941–1942)
692:Roberto González Hinojosa (2016-2018)
689:Roberto Gonzales Gonzales (2013-2016)
662:Roberto González Guajardo (1981–1983)
623:Agustín Hinojosa Hinojosa (1943–1945)
259:
948:Populated places established in 1753
338:Conflicts with the Republic of Texas
322:The town is called Mier because the
686:José Herbey Ramos Ramos (2005–2007)
442:When he heard about the break-out,
330:used to stop when they came up the
83:
13:
668:Álvaro Barrera Ramírez (1987–1989)
638:Marco Hinojosa Villela (1958–1960)
617:Jesús García Gutiérrez (1937–1940)
375:and fourteen hundred troops again
14:
964:
879:
859:. 9 December 2011. Archived from
808:. Punto de Partida & Televisa
741:Ewen Cameron in Handbook of Texas
629:Marcial Garza Sarabia (1949–1951)
410:into the Mexican town of Mier.
953:1753 establishments in New Spain
650:Álvaro Barrera Garza (1969–1971)
644:Leonte Garza y Garza (1963–1965)
641:Álvaro Barrera Garza (1961–1962)
606:Municipal presidents of the city
541:and was meeting with leaders in
82:
75:
48:
36:
665:Ignacio Peña Alemán (1984–1986)
938:Populated places in Tamaulipas
845:
820:
797:
771:
745:
734:
721:
703:
683:Abdón Canales Díaz (2002–2004)
653:Roel Ramírez Ayala (1972–1974)
570:
518:, (with those who died in the
1:
696:
647:Mauro Smith Bazán (1966–1968)
191:Dr. Roberto Gonzales Gonzales
635:Gerónimo Ramírez (1955–1957)
626:Valentín Barrera (1946–1948)
7:
444:Antonio López de Santa Anna
319:formed the new settlement.
10:
969:
891:Site of the Battle of Mier
614:Severo Barrera (1934–1936)
611:Nicolás Farías (1930–1933)
341:
310:
152:Villa del Paso del Cántaro
15:
710:2010 census tables: INEGI
592:Miguel Alemán, Tamaulipas
302:Mexican Federal Highway 2
229:
212:
200:
195:
184:
179:
167:
157:
147:
139:
104:
70:
62:
44:
35:
28:
804:Beauregard, Luis Pablo.
585:Antonio Cárdenas Guillén
474:Antonio Canales Rosillo
174:Servando Teresa de Mier
324:governor of Nuevo León
284:, located in northern
914:26.43056°N 99.14861°W
478:Corpus Christi, Texas
356:in early March 1842.
231: • Summer (
124:26.43056°N 99.14861°W
18:Mier (disambiguation)
715:May 2, 2013, at the
526:Fidel Castro in Mier
512:Mexican–American War
510:In 1847, during the
448:Governor of Coahuila
304:. (26°28'N 99°10'W)
16:For other uses, see
919:26.43056; -99.14861
910: /
583:after the death of
484:on April 26, 1843.
361:Alexander Somervell
274:El Paso del Cántaro
187:Municipal President
129:26.43056; -99.14861
120: /
759:. 10 November 2010
459:Black Bean Episode
201: • Total
96:Location in Mexico
400:William S. Fisher
278:Mier Municipality
272:), also known as
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732:
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596:Mexican Drug War
516:La Grange, Texas
491:in the state of
463:El Rancho Salado
292:, just south of
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162:José de Escandón
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79:
65:Paso del Cántaro
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40:
26:
25:
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943:Pueblos Mágicos
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762:
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717:Wayback Machine
708:
704:
699:
608:
600:Felipe Calderón
573:
528:
520:Dawson Massacre
346:
344:Mier Expedition
340:
313:
276:, is a city in
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264:
256:
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505:Great Britain
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501:United States
498:
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489:Perote Prison
485:
483:
482:Perote Prison
479:
475:
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452:Nicolás Bravo
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143:March 6, 1753
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105:Coordinates:
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27:
19:
895:
865:. Retrieved
861:the original
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847:
835:. Retrieved
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810:. Retrieved
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761:. Retrieved
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747:
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589:
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566:
554:
547:
536:
532:Fidel Castro
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486:
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414:
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408:Thomas Green
404:Ewen Cameron
389:
381:Nueces River
370:
358:
352:, to occupy
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321:
314:
306:
273:
252:
251:
151:
917: /
867:11 December
837:11 December
812:11 December
789:11 December
763:11 December
577:Gulf Cartel
571:Abandonment
543:Mexico City
429:Mexico City
373:Adrián Woll
364:looting of
354:San Antonio
206:city proper
127: /
90:Ciudad Mier
30:Ciudad Mier
932:Categories
905:99°08′55″W
902:26°25′50″N
857:CNN Mexico
832:CNN Mexico
783:Informador
757:CNN Mexico
697:References
550:Nuevo León
437:Tamaulipas
342:See also:
328:steamboats
294:Falcon Dam
290:Rio Grande
282:Tamaulipas
196:Population
180:Government
158:Founded by
148:Founded as
112:26°25′50″N
581:Los Zetas
332:Río Bravo
298:Monterrey
288:near the
214:Time zone
169:Named for
115:99°8′55″W
713:Archived
558:Veracruz
493:Veracruz
467:Coahuila
396:Guerrero
377:captured
257:Spanish:
416:alcalde
317:Camargo
311:History
204:4,762 (
140:Founded
562:Granma
497:Mexico
433:Salado
406:, and
392:Laredo
366:Tejano
286:Mexico
240:UTC-5
219:UTC-6
23:Place
869:2011
839:2011
814:2011
791:2011
765:2011
579:and
539:Cuba
503:and
425:raid
253:Mier
54:Seal
385:act
300:on
280:in
244:CDT
233:DST
223:CST
934::
855:.
830:.
781:.
755:.
564:.
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435:,
402:,
334:.
871:.
841:.
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767:.
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20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
