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degrees before swinging back in the opposite direction; while ringing slowly, the ringer waits with the bell held at the balance, before allowing it to swing back. To achieve this, the ringer must work with the bell's momentum, applying just the right amount of effort during the pull that the bell swings as far as required and no further. This allows two adjacent bells to reverse positions, the quicker bell passing the slower bell to establish a new pattern. Although ringing up certainly involves some physical exertion, actual ringing should rely more on practised skill than mere brute force. Even the smallest bell in a tower is much heavier than the person ringing it. The heaviest bell hung for full-circle ringing is in
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392:. In the down position, the bells are safe if a person touches them or pulls a rope. A bell that is up is dangerous to be near, and only expert ringers should ever contemplate entering a bell chamber or touching a rope when the bells are up. To raise a bell, the ringer pulls on the rope and starts the bell swinging. Each time the bell swings the ringer adds a little more energy to the system, similar to pushing a child's swing. Eventually there is enough energy for the bell to swing right up and be left over-centre just beyond the balance point with the stay resting against the slider to hold the bell in position, ready to be rung.
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bell, the ringer first pulls the sally towards the floor, upsetting the bell's balance and swinging it on its bearings. As the bell swings downwards the rope unwinds from the wheel and the ringer adds enough pull to counteract friction and air resistance. The bell winds the rope back onto the other side of the wheel as it rises and the ringer can slow (or
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by swinging through a larger arc approaching a full circle, control of the strike interval can be exercised by the ringer. This culminated in the technique of full circle ringing, which enabled ringers to independently change the speeds of their individual bells accurately to combine in ringing different mathematical permutations, known as "changes".
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or wedding. While on these everyday occasions the ringers must usually content themselves with shorter "touches", each lasting a few minutes, for special occasions they often attempt a quarter-peal or peal, lasting approximately 45 minutes or three hours respectively. If a peal attempt succeeds, towers sometimes mark the occasion with a
287:. For convenience, the bells are referred to by number, with the treble being number 1 and the other bells numbered by their pitch—2, 3, 4, etc.—sequentially down the scale. (This system often seems counter-intuitive to musicians, who are used to a numbering that ascends with pitch.) The bells are usually tuned to a
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also means they cannot be easily stopped or started and the practical change of interval between successive strikes is limited. This places limitations on the rules for generating easily-rung changes; each bell must strike once in each change, but its position of striking in successive changes can only change by one place.
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Methods of change ringing are named for the number of working bells, or the bells that switch order within the change. It takes a pair to switch, and commonly the largest bell (the tenor) does not change place. For example, there may be six bells, only five of which work, allowing for only two pairs.
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The plain bob pattern can be extended beyond the constraints of the plain course of 60 changes, to the full unique 720 changes possible (this is 6 factorial on 6 bells, which is 1Ă2Ă3Ă4Ă5Ă6 = 720 changes). To do this, at set points in the sequences one of the ringers, called the "conductor" calls out
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with a small amount of rope on the wheel. The ringer pulls on the sally and when the bell swings up it draws up more rope onto the wheel and the sally rises to, or beyond, the ceiling. The ringer keeps hold of the tail-end of the rope to control the bell. After a controlled pause with the bell, on or
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Bells have been installed in towers around the world and many rings in the
British Isles have been augmented to ten, twelve, fourteen, or even sixteen bells. Today change ringing is, particularly in England, a popular and commonplace sound, often issuing from a church tower before or after a service
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In all cases, the ringer of the bell immediately above (behind) the swapping pair must also be alert, as that bell follows a new bell after the swap. Rarer forms of change calling may name just one of the moving bells, call the moving bell by position rather than number, or call out the full change.
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In change ringing where the order the bells are struck in is constantly altered, it is necessary to time the swing so that this strike occurs with precise positioning within the overall pattern. Precision of striking is important at all times. To ring quickly, the bell must not complete the full 360
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Bellringers typically stand in a circle around the ringing chamber, each managing one rope. Bells and their attendant ropes are so mounted that the ropes are pulled in a circular sequence, usually clockwise, starting with the lightest (treble) bell and descending to the heaviest (tenor). To ring the
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Speed control of a tower bell is exerted by the ringer only when each bell is mouth upwards and moving slowly near the balance point; this constraint and the intricate rope manipulation involved normally requires that each bell have its own ringer. The considerable weights of full-circle tower bells
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The
Central Council, by means of its peal records, also keeps track of record length peals, both on tower bells and handbells. (The record for tower bells remains the 1963 Loughborough extent of Plain Bob Major ; for handbells it was set in 2007 in Willingham, Cambridgeshire, with 72,000 changes of
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In method ringing, plain hunt is the simplest form of generating changing permutations in a continuous fashion, and is a fundamental building-block of many change ringing methods. The accompanying diagram shows plain hunt on six bells. The course of two bells only are shown for clarity. Each row in
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The change is made at the next "handstroke" (when the sally on the bell rope is pulled), after the call. In calling, the conductor usually has a strategy or plan to achieve the desired progression of rows, rather than remembering each call, and an example of these is shown in the example on eight
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found that swinging a bell through a much larger arc than that required for swing-chiming gave control over the time between successive strikes of the clapper. Ordinarily a bell will swing through a small arc only at a set speed governed by its size and shape in the nature of a simple pendulum, but
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It is the custom to leave a pause of one beat after every alternate row, i.e., after the ringing of each âbackstrokeâ row. This is called 'open handstroke' ringing (or open handstroke leading). In Devon, Cornwall and parts of
Yorkshire, this custom is not followed when call-change ringing; instead
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is used. Ringers stand or sit in a straight line at a single convenient table on which the bells are placed. They pick up a bell each time they ring it, and then put it down. As the bell sequence changes, however, the ringers physically swap the bells accordinglyâso the bells move up and down the
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Most ringers begin their ringing career with call change ringing; they can thus concentrate on learning the physical skills needed to handle their bells without needing to worry about "methods". There are also many towers where experienced ringers practise call change ringing as an art in its own
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As of 30 June 2018 there are 7,141 English style rings in ringable condition. The
Netherlands, Belgium, Pakistan, India, and Spain have one each. The Windward Isles and the Isle of Man have 2 each. Canada and New Zealand 8 each. The Channel Isles 11. Africa as a continent has 13.
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For example, while six bells have 720 permutations, eight bells have 40,320; furthermore, 10! = 3,628,800, and 12! = 479,001,600. Estimating two seconds for each change (a reasonable pace), one finds that while an extent on six bells can be accomplished in half an hour, an extent on eight bells
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ringing the bells of a less familiar tower. The setting, the church architecture, the chance to ring more bells than usual, the bells' unique tone, their ease or difficulty of ringing, and sometimes even the unusual means of accessing the ringing chamber can all be part of the attraction. The
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commands such as "bob" or "single", which introduce further variations. The conductor follows a "composition" which they have to commit to memory. This enables the other ringers to produce large numbers of unique changes without memorising huge quantities of data, without any written prompts.
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Change ringing â the history of an
English Art. Vol 3, W T Cook & Cyril A Wratten. Pub Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, 1994. P90-93 âA recent examination of a number of call change âpealsâ still practised at Totnes in the South Hams âŚincluding the ubiquitous âSixty on Thirdsâ
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100 different Treble
Dodging Minor methods, taking just over 24 hours to ring) More importantly, perhaps, along with keeping track of the first peal ever rung in a method, the Central Council controls the naming of new methods: it generally allows the first band to ring a method to name it.
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1178:, has been published weekly since 1911; in addition to news and features relating to bellringing and the bellringing community, it publishes records of achievements such as peals and quarter-peals. Ringers generally adhere to the Council's rules and definitions governing change ringing.
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is constrained to swing in the direction that the bell swings. The clapper is a rigid steel or wrought iron bar with a large ball to strike the bell. The thickest part of the mouth of bell is called the soundbow and it is against this that the ball strikes. Beyond the ball is a
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Plain hunt consists of a plain undeviating course of a bell between the first and last places in the striking order, by moving a place in the sequence at each change, but with two strikes in the first and last position to enable a turn-around as the internal bells change over.
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made it impossible for bell ringers to assemble in belfries. Searching for alternative methods, in March 2020 two ringers from the USA developed software called
Ringing Room that mimics the operation of ropes and bells, and permits people to ring together online, in a type of
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In
English-style ringing the bell is rung up such that the clapper is resting on the lower edge of the bell when the bell is on the stay. During each swing, the clapper travels faster than the bell, eventually striking the soundbow and making the bell sound. The bell
2371:. The avoidance, where possible, of repetition and the use of hunts, half-hunt and extreme changes are all features of their construction, and together suggest a basically uninterrupted descent from the earlier system, unbroken by the intrusion of change ringing..."
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Thus each bell moves one position at each succeeding change, unless they reach the first or last position, where they remain for two changes then proceed to the other end of the sequence. All of the bells are doing this at every change, without any words of command.
448:. This is a repeated sequence of bells descending from the highest to lowest note, which is from the lightest to the heaviest bell. This was the original sequence used before change ringing was developed, and change ringing always starts and ends with this sequence.
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the bands are ringing methods and producing a different change approximately every 2.5 seconds, with a gap between bells of 0.21 seconds. To an expert ringer's ear at this level of competition a variation of a tenth of this would be discernible as a striking fault.
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353:, limits maximum rotational movement to a little less than 370 degrees. To the headstock a large wooden wheel is fitted and to which a rope is attached. The rope wraps and unwraps on the rim of the wheel as the bell rotates backwards and forwards. This is
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coming up with plans for a bout of method ringing sometimes like to work their favourite named changes in. The table below lists some popular named changes on eight bells; many of these names are also applicable by extension on more or fewer bells.
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The method is committed to memory by each ringer, so that only a few commands are given by the ringer in charge (the conductor). Learning the method does not consist of memorising the individual sequences, but using a variety of techniques such as:
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where it is customary to include the quality of the rise and lower of the bells as part of the judging criteria. Competitions for method ringers usually start "off the stay"âi.e., the bells are rung up before the competition begins. At the annual
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each different sequence of the bells, known as a "row", is specifically called out by one ringer, the "conductor", who instructs the other ringers how to change their bells' places from row to row. This command is known as a "call".
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And then it repeats. Each bells starts at a different place in this cyclical order. A dodge means just that: two bells dodge round each other, thus changing their relationship to the treble, and giving rise to different changes.
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The names refer to the number of bells which change places in each row. With three bells only one pair can change, and so it is singles. With seven bells there are clearly three pairs with the one left over not moving this row.
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To enable a greater number of changes to be rung without repetition, more advanced methods were developed, many based upon the plain hunt. "Plain Bob" is one of the oldest and simplest of these, and is shown as an example above.
295:, with the tenor bell being the tonic (or key) note of the scale. Some towers contain additional bells so that different subsets of the full number can be rung, still to a diatonic scale. For instance, many 12-bell towers have a
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Scotland 23, Ireland 38, USA 48, Australia 61 and Wales 227. The remaining 6,695 (94%) are in
England (including three mobile rings). World-wide there are 985 unringable rings, 930 in England, 55 in Wales and 12 elsewhere.
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roughly when horizontal as it rises, thus projecting the sound outwards. The clapper rebounds very slightly, allowing the bell to ring. At the balance point, the clapper passes over the top and rests against the soundbow.
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could save it from becoming obsolete. But the
Central Council of Church Bell Ringers opposed the move, suggesting that it would jeopardise its relationship with church bodies, since bell ringing should be seen as part of
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Since extents are obviously not always practicable, ringers more often undertake shorter performances. Such ringing starts and ends with rounds, having meanwhile visited only a subset of the available permutations; but
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Plain Bob Minor played using synthesised bell sounds. The bells start ringing rounds followed by a plain course of Plain Bob Minor (60 of the 720 changes that are possible on six bells) and finish in rounds
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The example on the right shows called changes eight bells being called using the "down" system. The sequence of calls shown gives three well-known musical rows, which are Whittingtons, Queens, and Tittums.
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Below the bell chamber there may be one or more sound chambers, (one of which is likely to house the clock mechanism if the church has one) and through which the rope passes before it drops into the
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or room. Typically, the rope's length is such that it falls close to or on to the floor of the ringing chamber. About 5 feet (1.5 m) from the floor, the rope has a woollen grip called the
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Call changes on eight bells, with the musical rows Whittingtons, Queens and Tittums. This is not a call change 'peal', but an example of calling changes for a short period for musical effect.
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magazine wrote to insist that bell ringing was "an art and a sport", as demonstrated by regular "striking competitions". It was suggested that classification of change ringing as a sport by
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1492:. This is particularly effective at the end of ringing down. The bells are in order, and so if not chimed leave a pause, the sequence becomes: 1..4..23.5 where a dot indicates a pause.
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Although neither call change nor method ringing produces conventional tunes, it is still the aim of the ringers to produce a pleasant sound. One of the most important aspects of this is
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table and each row is rung in strict sequence from right to left. Ringers in cross and stretch thus do not have responsibility for their own personal bell, but handle each as it comes.
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English style full circle bell with clapper half-muffled. A leather muffle is put over one side only of the clapper ball. This gives a loud strike, then a muffled strike alternately.
1533:(striking errors); the band with the fewest faults wins. These competitions are organized on regional and national levels, being particularly popular among the call-change ringers of
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Much ringing is carried out by bands of ringers meeting at their local tower to ring its bells. For the sake of variety, though, many ringers like to take occasional trips to make a
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and weighs 82 long cwt 0 qr 11 lb (9,195 lb or 4,171 kg). Despite this colossal weight, it can be safely rung by one (experienced) ringer.
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Mathematical abstraction though each row may be, some rows do have a musical or melodic meaning to the listener. Over the years, a number of these have acquired names â they are
166:, where the ringers are instructed how to generate each change by instructions from a conductor. This creates a form of bell music which cannot be discerned as a conventional
2093:â the sequence of places a bell rings in a method, or the diagram describing the method (the convention being that the treble line is shown in red while the others are blue).
1583:. Various other online platforms for virtual change ringing have also been created, but Ringing Room is the most popular, with over 10,000 people joining in the first year.
1102:, which promised in its subtitle to lay down "plain and easie Rules for Ringing all sorts of Plain Changes". Stedman followed this in 1677 with another famous early guide,
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by pulling the tail-end, causing the bell to swing back towards its starting position. As the sally rises, the ringer catches it to pause the bell at its balance position.
1064:: ringers standing in a line each hold one bell, exchanging places in the line so that the changes sound correctly when the bells are rung in sequence from right to left.
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are retained, referring to an upwards and downwards ring of the bell respectively; and as in towers, the ringing proceeds in alternate rows of handstroke and backstroke.
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Ringers can also ring different methods, with different "works" on different numbers of bells - so there is a huge variety of ways of ringing changes in method ringing.
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The bells of St Bees Priory shown in the "up" position. When being rung they swing through a full circle from mouth upwards round to mouth upwards, and then back again.
1172:, founded in 1891, is dedicated to representing change ringers around the world. Most regional and local ringing guilds are affiliated with the council. Its journal,
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The name for 9 bells is pronounced "kate-ers" and comes from the French "quatres". The name for 11 bells also comes from the French and is pronounced "sinks" c.f.
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1857:â (pronounced "sinks") methods for working eleven bells (possibly with a twelfth covering) the name deriving from the practice of swapping five pairs of bells.
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Change ringing as we know it today emerged in England in the 17th century. To that era we can trace the origins of the earliest ringing societies, such as the
1148:(a method still popular today), rung 2 May 1715. There is some evidence there may have been an earlier peal (also Plain Bob Triples), rung January 7, 1690 at
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Today, some towers have as many as sixteen bells that can be rung together, though six or eight bells are more common. The highest pitch bell is known as the
1615:, demonstrates his skill at ringing, and the solution to the central puzzle of the book rests in part upon his knowledge of the patterns of change ringing.
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became the only band in history to achieve this feat on tower bells, it took them just under 18 hours.) An extent on 12 bells would take over thirty years.
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bells. Conductors can space out the calls at will, but each row is normally struck twice at least because of the difficulty of calling continuous changes.
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in Bristol, which was founded in 1620 and lasted as a ringing society until the late 19th century. The recreation began to flourish in earnest in the
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The rope is attached to one side of the wheel so that a different amount of rope is wound on and off as it swings to and fro. The first stroke is the
2016:- From rounds all the bells are rung at once for a few strokes before returning to rounds. Done at special occasions such as weddings or New Year.
1566:, not exercise. The council's president, Chris Mew, said: "Where is the glamour of the sports field and where are the David Beckhams of the belfry?"
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In one Shropshire church, bells can be tied up with their sounds simulated by sensors, so ringers can practise in silence using Bluetooth headsets.
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The plain course of Plain Bob Minor, shown in red. Note that, for clarity, the row at the bottom of each column is repeated at the top of the next.
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Calls are usually of the form "X to (or after) Y" or "X and Y"; in which X and Y refer to two of the bells by their physical numbers in the tower (
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bell is a sharpened 11th (or 4th in the upper, incomplete octave) of the scale. For example, assume the bells are tuned to C-G'. A flat sixth is B
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fitted on trunnions (plain or non-friction bearings) mounted to the belfry framework so that the bell assembly can rotate. When stationary in the
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After starting in repetitive rounds, at a given command, the ringers vary the bells' order, to produce a series of distinct sequences known as
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Memorising the path of the bell, not the numbers of the bells it strikes after. This can be by visualising a tracking line in a method diagram
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Striking competitions are held where various bands of ringers attempt to ring with their best striking. They are judged on their number of
299:, which if rung instead of the normal number 6 bell allows 2 to 9 to be rung as light diatonic octave; other variations are also possible.
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1958:â Changing direction for one stroke in bell ringing (although strictly a dodge is taking a retrograde step in the middle of a portion of
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is an extended performance; it must comprise at least 5000 changes (but 5040 on 7 bells). A performance of 1250 changes likewise makes a
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era; an important milestone in the development of method ringing as a careful science was the 1668 publication by Richard Duckworth and
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in a tightly controlled manner to produce precise variations in their successive striking sequences, known as "changes". This can be by
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arrangement. However for method ringing the universal practice is to ring with open handstrokes, even in the South West of England.
436:â they are generally only chimed, either by swinging the bell slightly or having the bell hung dead and using a mechanical hammer.)
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2569:, (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1972), Chapter 24: "Ringing the changes: groups and campanology," pages 451-479.
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This simple rule can be extended to any number of bells, however it repeats the sequence after twice the number of bells hunting.
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As an example of calling up and down, consider the following sequence of rows, and the calls a conductor would use to call them:
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1637:(1992); a group of American women led by a Mrs. Taylor frequently appears practising for or ringing both handbells and changes.
1224:"Plain Bob Doubles" is a method rung on five bells whereas "Plain Bob Triples" is the same method rung on seven working bells.
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2000:â EITHER: when the bells are hanging with the mouth lowermost position, OR: moving towards the front (as in "hunting down").
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There are two separate ways to refer to the number of bells. One way is used for even numbers, the other for an odd number.
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traditional means of finding bell towers, and still the most popular way today, is the book (and now internet database)
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Normally each ringer has a bell in each hand and sit or stand in a circle (like tower ringers). The tower bell terms of
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2169:â EITHER: when the bells are raised to the mouth uppermost position, OR: moving towards the back (as in "hunting up").
370:, which controls the speed of the clapper. In very small bells this can be nearly as long as the rest of the clapper.
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2022:â to ring haphazardly, either because ringers accidentally try to ring at once, or deliberately for wedding ringing.
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Method ringing is the continuously changing form of change ringing, and gets its name from the use of a particular
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Unattended bells are normally left hanging in the normal ("down") position, but prior to being rung, the bells are
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effect to the assembly, and this dynamic is controlled by the ringer's rope. The headstock is fitted with a wooden
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shown in the "down" position, where they are normally left between ringing sessions. This is in the "bell chamber".
946:, Birmingham, recording the details of a notable peal. Thousands of these boards exist in change-ringing belfries.
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381:(usually around 4 feet (1.2 m) long) while the lower end of the rope is doubled over to form an easily held
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is an exercise where two bells exchange places on every stroke, sometimes taught to aid learners change from
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Call change ringing requires one ringer to give commands to change the order of the bells, as distinct from
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all the bells plain hunt, until the treble bell is first, and depending where they are in the pattern, they
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There are thousands of different methods, of which two methods on six bells are explained in detail below.
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2145:â A device which allows the bell to go over the balance at each end of its swing, but not to over-rotate.
1877:â causing a bell to sound while down by pulling a hammer against it (as a clock would) or by pulling the
1580:
2006:â a touch where all possible changes are rung exactly once each; the number of such different rows is N
1144:
there is one documenting what is generally considered to have been the first true peal: 5040 changes of
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the permutations, to ring a tower's bells in every possible order without repeating â what is called an
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Method ringing: where after a word of command to start, the changes are rung from memory by the ringers.
1514:
by sounding at the same moment, the bells should sound to a perfect rhythm, tapping out a steady beat.
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discloses a remarkable affinity with the seventeenth century Plain Changes described by Duckworth and
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and looking for visual signposts, such as when the ringer's bell crosses with another particular bell.
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1663:(2008) changes are rung in a cloistered monastery for mathematicians to signal different ceremonies.
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The technique was probably developed in the early 17th century in the early days of change ringing.
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a presentation prepared by the Publications Committee of the Central Council of Church Bell Ringers
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Introduction to change ringing and both group theory and graph theory (with references) :
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of the bell and clapper is appreciably below the centreline of the trunnion supports, giving a
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1727:â a group of ringers for a given set of bells (or for a special purpose, e.g., a "peal band")
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for short); a peal or a quarter tends to last about three hours or 45 minutes, respectively.
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is still considered essential â no row can ever be repeated; to do so would make the ringing
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aired an episode in the fifth season on a series of murders within a bell-ringing team, in "
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1891:) â handstroke changes follow backstroke changes with no handstroke gap (unlike open leads)
2139:â the woollen bulge woven into the rope. It is both an indicator and a help with gripping.
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1116:. "Changes" can be viewed as permutations; sets of permutations constitute mathematical
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The red bell track shows the order of "works", which are deviations from the plain hunt.
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by their positions in the row). All cause two bells to swap. The first form is used for
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and chimes of bells, though these are more commonly used to play conventional melodies.
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Such names are often humorous; for example, the sequence 14235 on five bells is called
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2151:â a device that is attached to the headstock and works in conjunction with the slider.
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Tintinnalogia, or, the Art of Ringing (by Richard Duckworth and Fabian Stedman, 1668)
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Change-ringing resources, an online compendium of almost everything you need to know
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Bell ringing- the English Art of Change Ringing. Ron Johnson. Pub Viking 1986 P 89.
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in English churches, where it first developed. Change ringing is also performed on
170:, but is a series of mathematical sequences. It can also be automated by machinery.
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Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, "Learning plain hunt" retrieved 20.3.2017
962:). The feasibility of this depends on how many bells are involved: if a tower has
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488:, where the ringers memorise the course of bells as part of a continuous pattern.
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in which the ringers commit to memory the rules for generating each change, or by
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273:
231:
2750:"Ding-dong for bell ringers as row breaks out over bid to be classed as a sport"
1518:
the bells strike steadily without the pause. This latter custom is known as the
3554:
3484:
3455:
3365:
3264:
3122:
3092:
3008:
2613:. www.cccbr.org.uk. December 19, 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-12-19
2368:
1214:
1153:
1113:
1095:
721:
699:- bell 1 and 2 stay in place, other bells ascend the odds and descend the evens
485:
338:
269:
247:
236:
159:
152:
2985:
1060:
Some handbell change ringers practice a hybrid of these two methods, known as
3783:
3767:
3711:
3549:
3293:
3288:
3274:
3112:
2535:
1618:
1607:(1934) contains a great deal of information on change-ringing. Her fictional
1595:
1558:
1218:
789:
The "diagram" of change ringing plain hunt on six bells. Two bells are shown.
711:- interspersed light and heavy bells, giving a "tee-tum, tee-tum...." effect.
292:
220:
210:
2933:
888:
or sit for two blows if they are just above the treble, then go first again.
3574:
3477:
3470:
3450:
3420:
3360:
3269:
3177:
3067:
3057:
2827:"The ART Award for Excellence in the Development of Technology in Teaching"
2648:
2562:(New York, New York : W.H. Freeman, 1992), Chapter 13 (pages 199-219).
2493:
Website of St Stephen's, the parish church for the City of Bristol, England
2190:
1738:
1345:
1121:
1109:
983:
468:
190:
163:
2854:"The chimes they are a'changing at south Shropshire church with new bells"
764:
or by breaking the line into small "work" units which are joined together.
3589:
3460:
3281:
3245:
3211:
3201:
3117:
3097:
3082:
3077:
2317:, is again a 16 but with additional flat 3 and 10. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
982:
should take nearly twenty-two and a half hours. (When in 1963 ringers in
742:
178:
2542:
3489:
3148:
3072:
3062:
2310:
2053:
1863:â the metal (usually cast iron) rod/hammer hung from a pivot below the
1133:
1125:
939:
859:
780:
189:
Change ringing is practised worldwide, but it is by far most common on
3324:
2548:
Change ringing graphs on polyhedra that can rotated via cursor :
455:
Call changes: where the conductor of the ringing commands each change.
3502:
3341:
3259:
3216:
3191:
3170:
3163:
3127:
2969:
2200:
2007:
1608:
971:
215:
144:
in 1910; 5,040 changes were rung in two hours and forty-nine minutes.
137:
3228:
3184:
2957:, a directory of towers worldwide with bells hung for change ringing
2947:
2715:
1671:
813:
474:
right (and even exclusively), particularly in the English county of
35:
3312:
3240:
3221:
3196:
3158:
3153:
3052:
2903:
2118:
1027:
1021:
342:
288:
198:
194:
3143:
2936:
published by the Council in 2019, superseding its former decisions
197:, where conventionally each ringer holds two bells, and chimed on
3415:
2939:
2309:
is listed as having 16 bells, with additional sharp 6, 9 and 13;
2114:
1655:
1141:
1034:, including the longest peal ever rung, are by handbell ringers.
240:
2776:
2662:
3235:
2925:, a wide-ranging and well-organized compendium of ringing links
2442:"Framework for Method Ringing - Fundamentals of Method Ringing"
2270:
in a 12-bell ring is in fact the flattened 7th of the scale. A
319:
167:
1807:â starting to raise in peal by adding an extra bell each time.
974:) possible permutations, a number that becomes quite large as
357:
and quite different from fixed or limited motion bells, which
2911:
1534:
1486:
because it is the tune of the refrain to the children's song
950:
For some people, the ultimate goal of this system is to ring
785:
475:
224:
173:
Change ringing originated following the invention of English
2129:
with a leather pad on one side of the clapper. Very rarely
1364:. Both the conductors directing call-change ringing and the
1030:, and is quite popular in its own right. Many record-length
3107:
3047:
3031:
2995:
1759:â the commonest type of call in most methods or a class of
1221:
with bell towers in the UK are fitted with only six bells.
1031:
1000:
929:
794:
the diagram shows the order of striking after each change.
676:, The first-called bell moves after the second called bell.
669:, The first-called bell moves after the second called bell.
141:
2928:
2922:
1990:â a method with five working bells, possibly with a sixth
1213:. Doubles is the most common group of methods rung in the
268:
6 bells being rung to call changes in All Saints' Church,
2186:
The Australian and New Zealand Association of Bellringers
1699:) â The part of a bell's cycle started by pulling on the
1082:
3000:
2714:, Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, archived from
444:
The simplest way to sound a ring of bells is by ringing
306:
Mechanism of a bell hung for English full-circle ringing
2738:) define back rounds slightly differently, as 76543218.
2520:
Introduction to change ringing and group theory :
2303:
Search on Dove's Guide for towers with 13 or more bells
1707:; also: the position at which the back bells come into
3279:
3250:
3226:
2711:
County Lists from Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers
2555:
Some literature on the mathematics of change ringing:
2541:
Change ringing as directed graphs on polyhedra :
2400:. Central Council Education Committee. 6 October 2000.
2266:
This again may seem counter-intuitive to musicians. A
2040:â the hole in the wheel where the rope passes through.
1471:(so named because of the ti-tum ti-tum sound it makes)
661:
Thus it can be seen how these ways of calling differ:
27:
Art of ringing a set of bells in mathematical patterns
3182:
3168:
1112:
underpinnings of change ringing have been pursued by
528:, and the second form swaps the two bells mentioned.
1209:
A method of ringing for these bells would be called
2280:
allowing F-F' to be a scale. The sharp second is F'
2099:â an agreed/named sequence of changes that forms a
2034:â the smaller bells which are rung first in rounds.
1631:(1997), features bell ringers in her earlier novel
745:of the bells' striking order proceeds. For example
408:close to its balancing point, the ringer rings the
177:tower bell ringing in the early 17th century, when
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1703:(rope end) in the tower, or with the bells raised
1689:â the heavier bells (so tend to limit the speed).
219:Bell ringing at St Mary and St Gabrielâs Church,
140:, Cambridgeshire, commemorating the ringing of a
3781:
2633:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
871:A "plain course" of plain bob minor is shown in
329:of steel or wood. Each bell is suspended from a
1779:") the appropriate point in the method (e.g. a
1717:â the leather lined metal strap from which the
1589:
1136:mounted on the wall of the ringing chamber; at
2301:, a twelve bell tower with 3 semi-tone bells.
1120:, which in turn can be depicted via so-called
3322:
3016:
2589:Arthur T. White (1987) "Ringing the cosets,"
2424:, from the Central Council records committee
1666:
1067:
451:Two forms of ringing changes have developed;
3475:
1984:where the structure is the same if reversed.
1160:. Today over 4000 peals are rung each year.
705:- descending odd bells then descending evens
227:, England. This is in the "ringing chamber".
2572:Arthur White and Robin Wilson (March 1995)
2052:â move one place at a time up or down (see
1940:is made sometimes, but not every time, the
491:
136:Peal board at St Peter and St Paul Church,
3023:
3009:
2929:The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers
1163:
923:
432:(Whilst heavier bells exist â for example
2348:. Central Council for Church Bell Ringers
1733:â the load-bearing assembly on which the
1444:(an apocryphal story says it appealed to
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2991:Animation of English Full-circle ringing
2908:, a DVD documentary about change ringing
2747:
2163:â the highest-pitched bell in the tower.
1737:(and so the whole bell) turns about its
1670:
1026:Change ringing can also be performed on
933:
812:
784:
495:
301:
254:
246:
230:
214:
204:
131:
2649:Landmarks in the History of the Society
2247:"The History and Use of Semitone Bells"
2157:â the lowest pitched bell in the tower.
2046:â the stroke when the sally is gripped.
1871:of the bell when the bell stops moving.
1767:takes place or some bells are not just
1015:
14:
3782:
2981:Change Ringing Wiki - Info for ringers
2522:Mathematics and Music: Change Ringing
2342:"Liverpool:Cathedral Church of Christ"
1851:â loops cast onto older bells' crowns.
1797:, but does not check the ringing as a
1775:); also can mean (usually called the "
1170:Central Council of Church Bell Ringers
1076:, which claims to date to 1612 or the
885:or perform dodges in the 5-6 positions
462:
3735:Glockenmuseum Stiftskirche Herrenberg
3004:
2748:Jamieson, Sophie (19 February 2014).
3729:Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers
2877:
2560:Another Fine Math You've Got Me Into
2346:Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers
2087:and a place short of the last place.
1783:) to modify the sequence of changes.
1683:â at or near last place in a change.
1193:Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers
882:perform "dodges" in the 3-4 position
400:) the rise of the bell if required.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
2677:"72000 Treble Dodging Minor (100m)"
2598:SteinhausâJohnsonâTrotter algorithm
2536:"The Mathematics of Change Ringing"
2216:SteinhausâJohnsonâTrotter algorithm
2113:For commemorative services such as
1741:. Modern hanging means the bell is
1124:, which in turn can be mapped onto
310:The bells in a tower reside in the
24:
2851:
2391:"The Learning Curve: Call changes"
2244:
2070:(ringing first) at its backstroke.
1845:, that is often the first learned.
1510:â not only should the bells never
1203:
823:
25:
3816:
2961:Some recordings of change ringing
2897:
2833:. Association of Ringing Teachers
2543:Bell-ringing methods as polyhedra
2010:, where N is the number of bells.
1905:), or produce rounds prematurely.
1540:National 12 Bell Striking Contest
1158:Ancient Society of College Youths
1048:Occasionally, a technique called
875:, which has the characteristics:
715:
2489:"THE ANTIENT SOCIETY OF RINGERS"
2028:â at or near the start of a row.
1825:to its limit, stopping the bell.
1355:
1108:Throughout the years since, the
1088:Society of Ringers of St Stephen
858:Problems playing this file? See
839:
683:, the bells simply swap position
34:
2871:
2845:
2819:
2802:"Ringing Room â a User's Guide"
2794:
2769:
2741:
2729:
2702:
2669:
2654:
2641:
2603:
2586:, vol. 79, no. 484, pages 5-16.
2511:
2481:
2448:
2434:
2415:
2307:Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin
1919:, while the other bells ring a
349:, which, in conjunction with a
325:The bells are mounted within a
322:to enable the sound to escape.
151:is the art of ringing a set of
45:needs additional citations for
2944:, the Council's weekly journal
2914:â introduction for non-ringers
2404:
2383:
2374:
2360:
2334:
2320:
2289:
2260:
2238:
1915:) ringing at the end of every
1867:of the bell, that strikes the
1640:The British television series
1422:Back rounds or Reverse Rounds
13:
1:
3761:Freedom Bell, American Legion
3337:Russian Orthodox bell ringing
2986:- Video of plain hunt ringing
2591:American Mathematical Monthly
2231:
2180:Index of campanology articles
1881:against the side of the bell.
1653:In the science-fiction novel
1495:Called changes are listed at
774:
3740:Liberty Bell Memorial Museum
3466:Bells of Notre-Dame de Paris
2934:Framework for Method Ringing
1897:â return to rounds to end a
1590:In literature and television
1150:St Sepulchre-without-Newgate
808:
7:
3675:Saarlouiser GlockengieĂerei
3280:
3251:
3227:
3183:
3169:
2880:"Glossary of ringing terms"
2579:September 20, 2009, at the
2330:. Whitechapel Bell Foundry.
2286:, giving G-G' as the scale.
2173:
1581:networked music performance
1501:
958:(or sometimes, formerly, a
10:
3821:
3600:Pieter and François Hemony
2177:
2062:â the change on which the
1813:â allow the bell to swing
1667:English bell-ringing terms
1569:
1497:MAW Call Change Collection
1068:History and modern culture
1019:
944:St Martin in the Bull Ring
927:
778:
719:
466:
439:
208:
3720:
3528:
3436:Ivan the Great Bell Tower
3388:
3302:
3136:
3038:
3030:
2593:, vol. 94, pages 721-746.
2567:The Fascination of Groups
2056:, treble bob hunt, etc.).
1817:, out of control, so the
1749:, but were traditionally
1628:To Say Nothing of the Dog
1289:
1232:
730:to generate the changes.
3670:John and William Rufford
3426:Great Bell of Dhammazedi
2905:The Craft of Bellringing
2584:The Mathematical Gazette
2315:Perth, Western Australia
2226:Whitechapel Bell Foundry
2221:Veronese bellringing art
2076:â a method in which the
1546:
1217:, since the majority of
492:Call change instructions
283:, and the lowest is the
2611:"Bells and Bellringing"
2196:Change ringing software
1164:Organisation and extent
1074:Lincoln Cathedral Guild
924:Peals and quarter peals
3750:National Bell Festival
3580:Gillett & Johnston
3476:
3411:Bell of King Seongdeok
3396:List of heaviest bells
3373:Bolognese bell ringing
3323:
3073:Bell tower / Campanile
2918:Call changes explained
2858:www.shropshirestar.com
2465:. 2006. Archived from
2428:June 13, 2008, at the
2328:"500 Years of History"
2133:with pads both sides..
1676:
1233:Even numbers of bells
947:
828:
818:
790:
753:in the next sequence.
546:Call, if calling Down
501:
361:. Within the bell the
307:
276:
252:
244:
228:
145:
3755:Ringing organizations
3378:Veronese bell ringing
2912:Discover Bell Ringing
2178:Further information:
2125:, the bells are rung
1901:(e.g. "come round at
1674:
1290:Odd numbers of bells
937:
827:
816:
788:
634:to swap bells 1 and 3
612:to swap bells 2 and 5
589:to swap bells 4 and 5
566:to swap bells 2 and 3
499:
305:
267:
250:
234:
218:
205:Technique and physics
135:
3645:GlockengieĂerei Otto
3610:Franciscus Illenfeld
2735:Some sources (e.g.,
2574:"The hunting group,"
2456:"Company of Ringers"
2206:John Taylor & Co
1711:order at backstroke.
1016:Changes on handbells
543:Call, if calling Up
54:improve this article
3745:Liberty Bell Museum
3655:Petit & Fritsen
3441:Japanese Peace Bell
3351:Full circle ringing
3332:Ellacombe apparatus
2831:ringingteachers.org
2755:The Daily Telegraph
2469:on October 29, 2006
2299:Worcester Cathedral
1551:In 2016 readers of
1489:Pop Goes the Weasel
540:Conductor's intent
506:call change ringing
463:Call change ringing
427:Liverpool Cathedral
355:full circle ringing
3795:Culture of England
3605:Christopher Hodson
2953:2016-10-10 at the
2718:on 10 October 2016
2527:2010-07-04 at the
2123:Remembrance Sunday
1944:is going from one
1677:
1648:Ring Out Your Dead
948:
829:
819:
791:
502:
308:
277:
253:
245:
229:
146:
3777:
3776:
3508:World Peace Bells
3406:Bell of Good Luck
2975:Project Gutenberg
2685:The Ringing World
2663:The Ringing World
2550:Minimus Polyhedra
2461:Lincoln Cathedral
2422:Online peal board
2398:The Ringing World
1763:(in which either
1621:, who frequently
1613:Lord Peter Wimsey
1605:Dorothy L. Sayers
1576:COVID-19 pandemic
1564:Christian worship
1554:The Ringing World
1476:
1475:
1342:
1341:
1285:
1284:
1175:The Ringing World
1146:Plain Bob Triples
1138:St Peter Mancroft
1110:group theoretical
1054:cross and stretch
966:bells, they have
873:diagrammatic form
844:
659:
658:
549:Call if swapping
265:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
3812:
3688:
3546:
3481:
3328:
3285:
3256:
3232:
3188:
3174:
3025:
3018:
3011:
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2890:
2888:
2886:
2878:Harrison, John.
2875:
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2739:
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2727:
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2723:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2687:. Archived from
2673:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2658:
2652:
2651:, from the ASCY.
2645:
2639:
2638:
2632:
2624:
2619:
2618:
2607:
2601:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2495:. Archived from
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2438:
2432:
2419:
2413:
2408:
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2284:
2279:
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2264:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2242:
1964:Dodging practice
1815:over the balance
1721:used to be hung.
1643:Midsomer Murders
1600:The Nine Tailors
1465:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1376:
1375:
1295:Number of bells
1287:
1286:
1238:Number of bells
1230:
1229:
908:make 2nds place.
846:
845:
826:
629:
607:
584:
561:
557:
534:
533:
266:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
69:"Change ringing"
62:
38:
30:
21:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3716:
3682:
3570:Kashpir Ganusov
3565:Royal Eijsbouts
3540:
3530:
3524:
3520:Yongle Big Bell
3401:Balangiga bells
3384:
3298:
3132:
3040:
3039:Background and
3034:
3029:
2967:
2955:Wayback Machine
2900:
2895:
2894:
2884:
2882:
2876:
2872:
2862:
2860:
2852:Tooley, David.
2850:
2846:
2836:
2834:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2810:
2808:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2785:
2783:
2781:ringingroom.com
2775:
2774:
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2642:
2626:
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2609:
2608:
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2581:Wayback Machine
2529:Wayback Machine
2516:
2512:
2502:
2500:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2472:
2470:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2430:Wayback Machine
2420:
2416:
2409:
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2251:
2249:
2245:Bryant, David.
2243:
2239:
2234:
2211:Margery Sampson
2182:
2176:
1911:â a bell (e.g.
1697:Backstroke home
1669:
1661:Neal Stephenson
1592:
1572:
1549:
1504:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1358:
1219:parish churches
1206:
1204:Number of bells
1166:
1070:
1024:
1018:
932:
926:
865:
864:
856:
854:
853:
852:
851:
847:
840:
837:
835:Plain Bob Minor
830:
824:
811:
783:
777:
724:
718:
627:
605:
582:
559:
555:
494:
471:
465:
442:
375:ringing chamber
320:louvred windows
274:North Yorkshire
255:
213:
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126:
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106:
63:
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51:
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3660:Richard Phelps
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3557:
3555:Andrey Chokhov
3552:
3547:
3534:
3532:
3529:Bell founders
3526:
3525:
3523:
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3516:
3515:
3505:
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3492:
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3485:Sigismund Bell
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3463:
3458:
3456:Maria Gloriosa
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3366:Method ringing
3363:
3356:Change ringing
3348:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3334:
3329:
3320:
3315:
3306:
3304:
3303:Ringing styles
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3180:
3175:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3123:Striking clock
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3028:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2945:
2937:
2931:
2926:
2920:
2915:
2909:
2899:
2898:External links
2896:
2893:
2892:
2870:
2844:
2818:
2793:
2777:"Ringing Room"
2768:
2740:
2728:
2701:
2668:
2653:
2640:
2602:
2595:
2594:
2587:
2570:
2563:
2554:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2510:
2499:on 3 July 2007
2480:
2447:
2433:
2414:
2403:
2382:
2373:
2359:
2333:
2319:
2296:Dove entry for
2288:
2259:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2108:
2094:
2088:
2071:
2057:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2001:
1995:
1985:
1975:
1953:
1950:cross sections
1938:internal place
1924:
1906:
1892:
1882:
1872:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1843:standard eight
1826:
1808:
1802:
1789:â someone who
1784:
1754:
1751:plain bearings
1728:
1722:
1712:
1690:
1684:
1668:
1665:
1591:
1588:
1571:
1568:
1548:
1545:
1503:
1500:
1480:
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1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1467:
1451:
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1424:
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1404:
1403:
1400:
1384:
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1357:
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1340:
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1328:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1316:
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1312:
1308:
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1300:
1299:
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1263:
1259:
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1255:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1215:United Kingdom
1205:
1202:
1165:
1162:
1154:City of London
1114:mathematicians
1098:of their book
1096:Fabian Stedman
1069:
1066:
1020:Main article:
1017:
1014:
928:Main article:
925:
922:
910:
909:
906:
903:
900:
899:5/6 down dodge
897:
896:3/4 down dodge
890:
889:
886:
883:
880:
855:
848:
838:
833:
832:
831:
822:
821:
820:
810:
807:
776:
773:
769:
768:
765:
762:
741:. In this way
722:Method ringing
720:Main article:
717:
716:Method ringing
714:
713:
712:
706:
700:
685:
684:
677:
670:
657:
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577:
574:
571:
568:
563:
551:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
493:
490:
486:method ringing
467:Main article:
464:
461:
460:
459:
456:
441:
438:
339:centre of mass
337:position, the
270:Kirkbymoorside
237:St Bees Priory
209:Main article:
206:
203:
160:method ringing
149:Change ringing
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3817:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3800:English music
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3770:
3769:
3768:All the Bells
3765:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3713:
3712:Geert van Wou
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3681:
3678:
3676:
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3668:
3666:
3663:
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3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
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3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
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3618:
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3606:
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3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3550:Bilbie family
3548:
3544:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3531:and foundries
3527:
3521:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3389:Notable bells
3387:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3294:Tubular bells
3292:
3290:
3289:Tintinnabulum
3287:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3276:
3275:Standing bell
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3113:Ring of bells
3111:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3037:
3033:
3026:
3021:
3019:
3014:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3003:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2941:Ringing World
2938:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2881:
2874:
2859:
2855:
2848:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2732:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2705:
2691:on 2015-10-16
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2644:
2636:
2630:
2623:
2612:
2606:
2599:
2596:See also the
2592:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2565:F.J. Budden,
2564:
2561:
2558:Ian Stewart,
2557:
2556:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2468:
2464:
2462:
2457:
2451:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2412:
2407:
2399:
2392:
2386:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2329:
2323:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2292:
2273:
2269:
2263:
2248:
2241:
2237:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2131:fully muffled
2128:
2124:
2121:services and
2120:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1978:Double method
1976:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:to another ("
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:(also called
1886:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:, one of the
1840:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1811:Bump the stay
1809:
1806:
1805:Bristol start
1803:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1747:ball bearings
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1634:Doomsday Book
1630:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1619:Connie Willis
1616:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1596:mystery novel
1587:
1584:
1582:
1577:
1567:
1565:
1560:
1559:Sport England
1556:
1555:
1544:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1508:good striking
1499:
1498:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1362:named changes
1356:Named changes
1353:
1349:
1347:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1305:
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1301:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1264:
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1260:
1256:
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1245:
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1237:
1236:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1201:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1188:
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1179:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1122:Cayley graphs
1119:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1104:Campanalogia.
1101:
1100:Tintinnalogia
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1065:
1063:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1033:
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1023:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:
997:
993:
987:
985:
979:
977:
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969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
945:
941:
936:
931:
921:
918:
914:
907:
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898:
895:
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893:
887:
884:
881:
878:
877:
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874:
869:
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861:
836:
815:
806:
803:
799:
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787:
782:
772:
766:
763:
760:
759:
758:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
731:
729:
723:
710:
707:
704:
701:
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694:
693:
689:
682:
678:
675:
671:
668:
664:
663:
662:
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653:
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648:
647:
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640:
637:
635:
632:
626:
625:
621:
618:
615:
613:
610:
603:
602:
598:
595:
592:
590:
587:
580:
579:
575:
572:
569:
567:
564:
553:
552:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
535:
532:
529:
527:
523:
519:
514:
510:
507:
498:
489:
487:
482:
479:
477:
470:
457:
454:
453:
452:
449:
447:
437:
435:
430:
428:
422:
419:
413:
411:
406:
401:
399:
393:
391:
386:
384:
380:
376:
371:
369:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
323:
321:
318:usually with
317:
313:
304:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
275:
271:
249:
242:
238:
235:The bells of
233:
226:
222:
221:Stoke Gabriel
217:
212:
211:Ring of bells
202:
200:
196:
192:
187:
183:
180:
176:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
154:
150:
143:
139:
134:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: â
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3805:Permutations
3766:
3759:
3727:
3575:Vanden Gheyn
3495:
3478:Petersglocke
3471:Olympic Bell
3451:Liberty Bell
3446:Justice Bell
3421:Freedom Bell
3361:Call changes
3355:
3270:Servant bell
3178:Bicycle bell
3068:Bell pattern
3058:Bellfounding
2968:
2948:Dove's Guide
2940:
2923:ringing.info
2904:
2883:. Retrieved
2873:
2861:. Retrieved
2857:
2847:
2835:. Retrieved
2830:
2821:
2809:. Retrieved
2805:
2796:
2784:. Retrieved
2780:
2771:
2759:. Retrieved
2753:
2743:
2731:
2720:, retrieved
2716:the original
2710:
2704:
2693:. Retrieved
2689:the original
2680:
2671:
2656:
2643:
2621:
2615:. Retrieved
2605:
2590:
2583:
2566:
2559:
2513:
2501:. Retrieved
2497:the original
2492:
2483:
2471:. Retrieved
2467:the original
2459:
2450:
2436:
2417:
2406:
2397:
2385:
2376:
2362:
2350:. Retrieved
2345:
2336:
2322:
2305:, note that
2291:
2272:sharp second
2271:
2267:
2262:
2250:. Retrieved
2240:
2191:Braid theory
2166:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2127:half-muffled
2126:
2110:
2105:plain course
2104:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1968:call changes
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1936:in which an
1933:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1889:cartwheeling
1888:
1885:Closed leads
1884:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1776:
1773:place making
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1739:gudgeon pins
1734:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1654:
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1641:
1639:
1632:
1626:
1617:
1598:
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1573:
1552:
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1530:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1494:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1470:
1443:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1350:
1346:Cinque Ports
1343:
1226:
1223:
1210:
1207:
1198:
1191:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1167:
1145:
1130:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1087:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1062:body ringing
1061:
1059:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1025:
1009:
1006:quarter peal
1005:
999:
995:
991:
988:
984:Loughborough
980:
975:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
949:
919:
915:
911:
905:3/4 up dodge
902:5/6 up dodge
891:
870:
866:
857:
804:
800:
796:
792:
770:
755:
750:
746:
738:
734:
732:
727:
725:
708:
702:
697:Whittingtons
696:
690:
686:
680:
674:calling down
673:
666:
660:
649:3,1,5,2,4,6
641:"3 to lead"
633:
611:
588:
565:
530:
526:calling down
525:
521:
517:
515:
511:
505:
503:
483:
480:
472:
469:call changes
450:
445:
443:
431:
423:
417:
414:
409:
404:
402:
397:
394:
389:
387:
382:
378:
374:
372:
367:
362:
358:
350:
346:
334:
330:
326:
324:
315:
312:bell chamber
311:
309:
296:
284:
280:
278:
191:church bells
188:
184:
179:bell ringers
172:
164:call changes
148:
147:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3790:Campanology
3707:Whitechapel
3683: [
3640:Olsen Nauen
3635:John Murphy
3590:Miles Graye
3541: [
3496:Temple Bell
3461:Mingun Bell
3265:Ship's bell
3246:Jingle bell
3212:Crotal bell
3202:Church bell
3118:Strike tone
3098:Campanology
3083:Bell shrine
3078:Bell-ringer
3041:terminology
2761:19 February
2681:peals.co.uk
2517:Web pages:
2101:round block
2081:plain hunts
2038:Garter hole
2032:Front bells
1833:right place
1821:pushes the
1761:plainmethod
1520:closed-hand
1446:Elizabeth I
1092:Restoration
749:can become
743:permutation
175:full-circle
3784:Categories
3697:Hugh Watts
3490:Swan Bells
3149:Altar bell
3063:Bell-gable
2695:2020-07-17
2617:2022-07-20
2311:Swan Bells
2268:flat sixth
2232:References
2074:Little Bob
2054:plain hunt
2044:Handstroke
1972:plain hunt
1931:treble bob
1903:handstroke
1895:Come round
1787:Bob caller
1693:Backstroke
1687:Back bells
1625:Sayers in
1623:references
1454:15263748 (
1427:13572468 (
1407:87654321 (
1387:12345678 (
1187:tower grab
1134:peal board
1080: [
1043:backstroke
1039:handstroke
940:peal board
860:media help
781:Plain hunt
779:See also:
775:Plain hunt
667:calling up
644:"1 and 3"
622:"2 and 5"
599:"4 and 5"
576:"2 and 3"
522:calling up
410:backstroke
405:handstroke
297:flat sixth
80:newspapers
3680:Schilling
3620:Marinelli
3585:Grassmayr
3538:Bergholtz
3503:Tsar Bell
3431:Great Tom
3342:Blagovest
3260:Mini-ring
3217:Dead bell
3192:Call bell
3171:Bianzhong
3164:Bell tree
3128:Zvonnitsa
2863:10 August
2837:10 August
2811:10 August
2786:10 August
2201:Grandsire
2008:factorial
1829:Cambridge
1799:conductor
1777:Bob place
1735:headstock
1609:detective
1524:cartwheel
1366:composers
1126:polyhedra
1028:handbells
972:factorial
960:full peal
809:Plain Bob
638:"1 to 3"
630:,5,2,4,6
619:"5 to 3"
616:"2 to 5"
596:"5 to 2"
593:"4 to 5"
573:"3 to 1"
570:"2 to 3"
343:pendulous
331:headstock
327:bellframe
199:carillons
195:handbells
138:Chatteris
3513:Kentucky
3498:(Boston)
3313:Carillon
3309:Chiming
3241:Handbell
3222:Doorbell
3197:Cat bell
3159:Babendil
3154:Aluphone
3053:Bell-cot
2951:Archived
2885:26 March
2629:cite web
2577:Archived
2525:Archived
2503:18 April
2473:18 April
2426:Archived
2283:♯
2277:♭
2174:See also
2119:memorial
2115:funerals
2111:Muffling
2083:between
2060:Lead end
2020:Fire out
1992:covering
1875:Clocking
1869:soundbow
1836:surprise
1781:lead end
1731:Bearings
1719:clappers
1715:Baldrick
1701:tail end
1502:Striking
1469:Tittums
1338:Cinques
1322:Triples
1314:Doubles
1306:Singles
1281:Maximus
1249:Minimus
1022:Handbell
970:! (read
681:Swapping
383:tail-end
289:diatonic
110:May 2021
3721:Related
3665:Rudhall
3650:Paccard
3630:Meneely
3625:McShane
3615:Juutila
3416:Big Ben
3325:Canpanò
3207:Cowbell
3093:Bourdon
2722:20 July
2463:website
2369:Stedman
2252:11 June
2068:leading
1988:Doubles
1960:hunting
1927:Delight
1879:clapper
1861:Clapper
1855:Cinques
1769:hunting
1765:dodging
1705:in hand
1656:Anathem
1570:Virtual
1484:weasels
1442:Queens
1402:Rounds
1379:Change
1330:Caters
1211:doubles
1156:by the
1152:in the
1142:Norwich
1078:Antient
1050:lapping
1010:quarter
978:grows.
739:changes
709:Tittums
562:,4,5,6
440:Changes
434:Big Ben
390:rung up
363:clapper
241:Cumbria
94:scholar
18:Cinques
3702:Warner
3692:Taylor
3560:Cockey
3236:Ghanta
3229:DĹtaku
3185:BonshĹ
3088:Belfry
2161:Treble
2143:Slider
2103:, See
2097:Method
2078:treble
2064:treble
2014:Firing
2004:Extent
1982:method
1942:treble
1934:method
1921:method
1849:Canons
1839:method
1831:â The
1823:slider
1801:would.
1709:rounds
1531:faults
1460:listen
1433:listen
1413:listen
1393:listen
1273:Royal
1265:Major
1257:Minor
1118:groups
1086:]
956:extent
850:again.
751:214365
747:123456
728:method
703:Queens
581:1,3,2,
446:rounds
418:speaks
368:flight
351:slider
316:belfry
291:major
281:treble
168:melody
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3687:]
3595:Hatch
3545:]
3318:Chime
3144:AgogĂ´
3137:Types
3102:index
3032:Bells
2806:CCCBR
2394:(PDF)
2352:2 May
2155:Tenor
2137:Sally
2026:Front
1956:Dodge
1946:dodge
1913:tenor
1909:Cover
1899:touch
1865:crown
1795:touch
1791:calls
1547:Sport
1535:Devon
1512:clash
1382:Name
1298:Name
1241:Name
1052:, or
1032:peals
996:false
992:truth
608:,4,6
476:Devon
398:check
379:sally
359:chime
293:scale
285:tenor
272:, in
225:Devon
156:bells
153:tuned
101:JSTOR
87:books
3282:Suzu
3253:Kane
3108:Peal
3048:Bell
2887:2016
2865:2022
2839:2022
2813:2022
2788:2022
2763:2016
2724:2018
2647:see
2635:link
2505:2007
2475:2007
2354:2015
2254:2014
2149:Stay
2091:Line
2085:lead
2050:Hunt
1998:Down
1980:â a
1929:â a
1819:stay
1743:hung
1725:Band
1695:(or
1681:Back
1594:The
1574:The
1168:The
1128:.
1041:and
1001:peal
998:. A
930:Peal
735:rows
604:1,3,
537:Row
524:and
347:stay
335:down
142:peal
73:news
2973:at
2066:is
1970:to
1962:).
1952:").
1917:row
1771:or
1757:Bob
1745:on
1659:by
1650:".
1603:by
1522:or
1335:11
1278:12
1270:10
1140:in
1083:sic
952:all
942:at
737:or
679:In
672:In
665:In
628:1,3
606:2,5
585:,6
583:4,5
518:not
504:In
314:or
239:in
56:by
3786::
3685:de
3543:sv
2856:.
2829:.
2804:.
2779:.
2752:.
2683:.
2679:.
2631:}}
2627:{{
2620:.
2491:.
2458:.
2396:.
2344:.
2313:,
2167:Up
2117:,
1793:a
1611:,
1466:)
1439:)
1419:)
1399:)
1348:.
1327:9
1319:7
1311:5
1303:3
1262:8
1254:6
1246:4
1196:.
938:A
554:1,
478:.
385:.
223:,
3104:)
3100:(
3024:e
3017:t
3010:v
2889:.
2867:.
2841:.
2815:.
2790:.
2765:.
2698:.
2637:)
2600:.
2552:.
2545:.
2538:.
2531:.
2507:.
2477:.
2444:.
2356:.
2256:.
2107:.
1994:.
1974:.
1923:.
1753:.
1448:)
1008:(
976:n
968:n
964:n
862:.
560:3
558:,
556:2
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:¡
91:¡
84:¡
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