836:
752:
1005:
693:
1161:
1215:
1206:
1197:
1188:
1179:
1152:
1143:
1134:
1125:
1116:
1107:
1170:
1017:
1035:
1026:
1080:
1053:
777:
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1044:
526:
66:
1089:
1098:
801:
48:
797:
many individual flowers (florets), each one capable of producing a seed. The disk florets are in the center of the bloom head, and the ray florets are on the perimeter. The ray florets are considered imperfect flowers, as they only possess the female reproductive organs, while the disk florets are considered perfect flowers, as they possess both male and female reproductive organs.
871:, and other chemicals from the air. In general, the plant is best fertilized once a month and watered two to three times a week depending on climate. To maintain cultivar uniformity, the most common method of propagation is by cuttings. However, this method is increasingly being replaced by micropropagation, also known as
632:, as a very elegant flowering plant, double, pink or light red 20 and existing in several varieties. The first botanical description of the florists' chrysanthemum goes to Thomas d'Audibert de Ramatuelle. In 1792, in the Journal of Natural History, this botanist describes the cultivated plant, with big
772:
5–9. Exhibition varieties are not usually as hardy. Garden hardy varieties are defined by their ability to produce an abundance of small blooms with little if any mechanical assistance, such as staking, and withstanding wind and rain. Exhibition varieties, though, require staking, overwintering in a
704:
or slightly woody plant on the ground. The stems stand upright. The leaves are broad ovate in outline and wedge-shaped in the petiole, the length of the leaves is more than 150 mm (6 in). The lower leaves are plumed, further up the stems they are increasingly entire. Deciduous leaves appear
826:
The pompon form is fully double, of small size, and very globular in form. Single and semidouble blooms have exposed disk florets and one to seven rows of ray florets. In the anemone form, the disk florets are prominent, often raised and overshadowing the ray florets. The spoon-form disk florets are
796:
Chrysanthemum blooms are divided into 13 different bloom forms by the US National
Chrysanthemum Society, Inc., which is in keeping with the international classification system. The bloom forms are defined by the way in which the ray and disk florets are arranged. Chrysanthemum blooms are composed of
1543:
Miler N., Kulus D., Woźny A., Rymarz D., Hajzer M., Wierzbowski K., Nelke R., Szeffs L., 2019. Application of wide-spectrum light-emitting diodes in micropropagation of popular ornamental plant species: A study on plant quality and cost reduction. In Vitro
Cellular and Developmental Biology – Plant
984:
allows for the rapid multiplication of chrysanthemum plants from small tissue samples, ensuring the production of large numbers of uniform and disease-free plants. Mutation breeding, involving the use of chemicals or radiation to induce genetic variations, helps in developing new chrysanthemum
1608:
The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States and Canada for ornament, for fancy, for fruit and for
816:. The disk florets are concealed in layers of curving ray florets that hang down to create a 'skirt'. Regular incurves are similar, but usually with smaller blooms and a dense, globular form. Intermediate incurve blooms may have broader florets and a less densely flowered head.
827:
visible and the long, tubular ray florets are spatulate. In the spider form, the disk florets are concealed, and the ray florets are tube-like with hooked or barbed ends, hanging loosely around the stem. In the brush and thistle variety, the disk florets may be visible.
609:), classifies the chrysanthemums according to their colors: the normal ones are yellow, then come the whites, the purples and finally the reds. It lists a total of 35 cultivated varieties that could be observed in the gardens near the Buddhist shrines of
621:, reports a hundred cultivars. He attributes to them some medicinal properties such as "eliminating heat and toxins", "improving visual acuity" and so on. In 1630, a survey of over 500 cultivars 17 and about 2000 at the beginning of 20th century.
708:
The plant's texture is thick and leathery. The many branches, which are silky and covered with a short down, form a dense tuft. The typical flower heads are radiated, that is to say formed of peripheral florets, female, zygomorphous, with
671:, two species of plants that grow wild in China and Japan. The outdoor or hardy chrysanthemums are derived from the same species, being less developed forms. The florist's chrysanthemum is not necessarily a glasshouse subject."
784:
The exhibition varieties can be used to create many amazing plant forms, such as large disbudded blooms, spray forms, and many artistically trained forms, such as thousand-bloom, standard (trees), fans, hanging baskets,
731:
are some to many cup-shaped partial inflorescences together. The tongue flowers can have in the many varieties of colors of green, white, or yellow, pink to purple. There are varieties with simple flowers that look like
207:
763:
In North
America, chrysanthemums are divided into two basic groups, garden hardy and exhibition. Garden hardy chrysanthemums are perennials capable of wintering in most American northern latitudes. In theory
880:
In terms of stems produced commercially per year in 1997, Japan was by far the largest producer with 2 billion stalks, followed by the
Netherlands (800 million), Colombia (600 million), Italy (500 million).
993:
are being explored to create new cultivars. Together, these biotechnological approaches contribute significantly to the genetic improvement, conservation, and sustainable production of chrysanthemums.
652:. From this first cultivated plant brought back from China in 1789 by Blancard, then from those brought back (from China in 1846 and Japan in 1863) will be created in Europe thousands of cultivars and
1609:
vegetables; with keys to the natural families and genera, descriptions of the horticultural capabilities of the states and provinces and dependent islands, and sketches of eminent horticulturists
578:, alleviates the body, slows down ageing, and prolongs life" says the classic. "Lightening the body" was a goal to reach the ethereal state of Immortals able to fly and "ride the clouds". From
705:
in the spring. They are alternate, lobed pinnatifid and toothed. They are up to 12 cm long, fleshy and covered with gray hairs. They exhale a strong smell when they are wrinkled.
835:
1584:
Tymoszuk A., Kulus D., 2020. Silver nanoparticles induce genetic, biochemical, and phenotype variation in chrysanthemum. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ
Culture 143: 331-344.
1394:
Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 20–21: Asteraceae , Science Press and
Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2011.
989:
offers a method to conserve chrysanthemum germplasm at ultra-low temperatures, enabling the long-term storage of genetic resources without losing viability. Additionally,
555:, they have been known since the mid-17th century, but their general dissemination took place only in the 19th century. Chrysanthemum was first appreciated in China as a
743:
have been obtained, with flower heads of very different shapes, sizes and colors. It is mainly by looking at the leaves that one can know that it is a chrysanthemum.
980:
Biotechnology of chrysanthemum encompasses advanced techniques such as micropropagation, mutation breeding, cryopreservation, and the application of nanoparticles.
1411:
Joseph
Needham , Science and Civilization in China: Volume 6, Biology and Biological Technology, Part 1, Botany , Cambridge University Press,February 6, 1986 (
656:. Joined thousands of cultivars developed independently in China and Japan, there is currently a huge complex cultivars (estimated from 20,000 to 30,000).
736:
and varieties with double flowers, looking like pompoms more or less big. The plant starts to bloom when the length of the day is less than 14 hours.
663:) are often called 'large-flowering' and 'autumn chrysanthemums,' to distinguish them from the hardy outdoor species. They are the blended product of
823:-like appearance. The decorative form is similar to reflex blooms, but the ray florets usually do not radiate at more than a 90° angle to the stem.
1827:
1556:
Miler N., Kulus D., 2018. Microwave treatment can induce chrysanthemum phenotypic and genetic changes. Scientia
Horticulturae 227(3): 223-233.
1531:
Teixeira da Silva J.A., Kulus D., 2014. Chrysanthemum biotechnology: discoveries from the recent literature. Folia
Horticulturae 26(2): 67-77.
1474:"= Zinc oxide and silver effects on the growth, pigment content and genetic stability of chrysanthemums propagated by the node culture method"
1853:
1441:
1899:
1989:
1775:
17:
2002:
1840:
1788:
1717:
1472:
Tymoszuk, Alicja; Szałaj, Urszula; Wojnarowicz, Jacek; Kowalska, Jolanta; Kulus
Dariusz, Jantkowiak Małgorzata (February 2024).
751:
551:, they have been around since 500 BCE. In 1630, more than 500 varieties were already mentioned there.In Europe, especially in
1878:
1663:
1399:
1353:
540:
1845:
674:
The more than 1,000 varieties that have existed in Europe since the 19th century are divided into numerous varieties. The
1300:
1365:
Didier Bernard , The Golden Flower: Chrysanthemum, Its history – culture The main varieties , Gunten,October 15, 2008 (
721:
1519:
1333:
2067:
1858:
1004:
2015:
1814:
1416:
1370:
2033:
568:(early modern era), in the category of superior drugs and is part of the products related to the search for
1767:
65:
1625:
1236:
2105:
2028:
2007:
1793:
2072:
2100:
1868:
579:
624:
The first European author to mention chrysanthemum is Jacobus Breynius (Jacob Breyn) in 1689 in his
819:
In the reflex form, the disk florets are concealed and the ray florets reflex outwards to create a
1904:
1606:
1265:
2115:
2110:
1633:
985:
cultivars with desirable traits such as improved flower color, size, and resistance to diseases.
2095:
1832:
1762:
1679:
1448:
1927:
680:
564:
186:
636:
flowers, brought back from China by the navigator Marseillais Blancard, under the names of "
1749:
1616:
852:
8:
1478:
700:
The plant is 30–90 centimetres (12–35 in) high and wide, which grows as a perennial
739:
To note, during the millennia and a half of cultivation, tens of thousands of different
2054:
1935:
1891:
1497:
1214:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1178:
1160:
1151:
1142:
1133:
1124:
1115:
1106:
692:
216:
60:
1473:
1976:
1736:
1659:
1515:
1412:
1395:
1366:
1349:
1329:
969:
856:
1572:
for chrysanthemum genetic resources conservation. Acta Horticulturae 1087: 225-232.
1501:
1169:
2059:
1981:
1940:
1741:
1573:
1569:
1487:
986:
981:
890:
659:
Horticulturalist Wilhelm Miller wrote, "The common chrysanthemums of the florists (
653:
610:
587:
586:
dynasties (around the 5th century AD), chrysanthemum began to be appreciated as an
500:
1967:
1702:
1655:
1649:
1079:
905:
556:
504:
103:
1557:
1052:
1886:
1070:
1061:
1043:
1034:
1025:
1016:
965:
872:
776:
717:
90:
773:
relatively dry, cool environment, and sometimes the addition of night lights.
525:
2089:
1585:
1088:
961:
949:
728:
509:
159:
1545:
1492:
633:
2046:
1097:
990:
898:
894:
877:
propagation. Good results are achieved using single node shoot fragments..
864:
648:
of Linnaeus with small yellow heads. He proposes in a note to call it also
583:
1917:
1532:
1326:
Dictionary of the Ben Cao Gang Mu, Volume 3: Persons and Literary Sources.
1801:
1728:
1711:
1514:
Ruth Schneebeli-Count: Flower Country China Volume 1 , Birkhäuser, 1995,
953:
937:
840:
569:
1994:
1780:
1602:
929:
921:
848:
809:
769:
733:
701:
614:
514:
149:
1806:
957:
945:
800:
594:
139:
1673:
2041:
1961:
1912:
1696:
933:
740:
637:
129:
116:
2020:
1819:
678:
hybrids as the oldest group have the chrysanthemum chrysanthemum (
1471:
868:
860:
786:
710:
552:
47:
1754:
925:
790:
714:
1442:"Interior Landscape Plants for Indoor Air Pollution Abatement"
941:
917:
548:
77:
1346:
Stories of flowers: The most beautiful flowers of the garden
724:. The external bracts are herbaceous, with a narrow margin.
1376:
613:. In the 16th century, the famous physician and herbalist
572:. "In prolonged use, it lifts the inhibition of blood and
820:
562:
It is classified in the oldest Chinese medical material,
948:. The plant can die from various diseases which include
847:
This plant can be noted for its popularity as an indoor
597:
on chrysanthemums was published in 1104 CE. Liu Meng (
574:
1486:(1). Polish Society of Horticultural Science: 35–66.
904:
Contact with parts of plants may in some cases cause
972:, and rotting of stem and roots, and even viruses.
839:A yellow coloured florist's daisy, photographed in
590:, while continuing to be used for dietary reasons.
808:Irregular incurves are bred to produce (with much
851:in part because of its air cleaning qualities as
2087:
1574:https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1087.27
1422:
1324:Zheng Jinsheng, Nalini Kirk and Paul D. Buell.
1295:
1293:
1291:
1229:
1558:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.09.047
1301:"Chrysanthemum morifolium (Hardy garden mum)"
604:
603:), the author of a "Chrysanthemum Treatise" (
598:
534:
1288:
644:. He insists on distinguishing it from the
628:. This merchant and botanist describes the
1647:
1586:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01920-4
531:Immortal Blossoms in an Everlasting Spring
46:
1546:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-018-9939-5
1491:
834:
799:
775:
750:
691:
524:
1533:https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2014-0007
1320:
1318:
897:and impure skin. It also applies as an
830:
14:
2088:
1626:"How to Grow Chrysanthemum Morifolium"
1601:
1382:
1328:University of California Press, 2018.
1678:
1677:
1648:Herrington, Arthur (November 2008) .
1869:9a0a1314-3ceb-4a5e-bbec-62284e514cc0
1623:
1428:
1315:
520:
24:
1465:
25:
2127:
1274:Ramat. (pro sp.) florist's daisy"
893:the "flower" is used against eye
746:
2034:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:231938-1
1213:
1204:
1195:
1186:
1177:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1123:
1114:
1105:
1096:
1087:
1078:
1069:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1003:
975:
812:) a single giant head called an
64:
1594:
1578:
1568:Kulus D., 2015. Application of
1562:
1550:
1537:
1525:
1508:
1434:
1348:, Editions L'Harmattan, 2002. (
1405:
1388:
1359:
1338:
1258:
916:The plant is eaten by various
687:
619:Great Treaty of Medical Matter
13:
1:
1222:
1624:Dyer, M.H. (14 March 2013).
1247:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
626:Prodromus Plantarum Rariorum
7:
1615:(3rd. ed.). New York:
884:
10:
2132:
1718:Chrysanthemum × morifolium
1245:Plants of the World Online
1239:Chrysanthemum × morifolium
996:
911:
630:Matricaria japonica maxima
1951:
1686:
766:C. × morifolium
605:
599:
535:
491:(also known in the US as
222:
215:
192:
185:
61:Scientific classification
59:
54:
45:
34:
1688:Chrysanthemum morifolium
853:per a study done by NASA
650:Chrysanthemum morifolium
18:Chrysanthemum morifolium
1634:San Francisco Chronicle
1493:10.2478/fhort-2024-0003
696:Varieties and cultivars
1630:Home Guides: Gardening
1010:Botanical illustration
844:
805:
781:
760:
697:
544:
529:Chrysanthemums of the
286:Chrysanthemum indicum
1385:, p. ii 758–759.
838:
803:
779:
754:
695:
681:Chrysanthemum indicum
646:Chrysanthemum indicum
640:with large flowers",
565:Shennong Ben Cao Jing
528:
425:(Sabine) Des Moul.
1953:Matricaria morifolia
1303:. Fine Gardening.com
831:Cultivation and uses
642:Anthemis grandiflora
541:Giuseppe Castiglione
473:(Sabine) Sch.Bip.
302: maximoviczianum
1479:Folia Horticulturae
804:Display in Pakistan
755:Irregular incurve (
413:(Ramat.) Tzvelev
389:(Moench) W.Wight
845:
806:
782:
761:
698:
545:
401:(Ramat.) Kitam.
365:(Sabine) Makino
230: artemisifolia
2106:Ornamental plants
2083:
2082:
1680:Taxon identifiers
1665:978-1-4290-1286-7
1651:The Chrysanthemum
1400:978-1-935641-07-0
1354:978-2-7475-2149-9
1276:. Plants USDA.gov
970:verticillium wilt
857:trichloroethylene
759:), "Crimson Tide"
727:In complex total
684:) as the parent.
521:Botanical history
480:
479:
474:
462:
450:
438:
426:
414:
402:
398: grandiflorum
390:
378:
366:
350:
334:
318:
306:
294:
282:
270:
258:
246:
234:
16:(Redirected from
2123:
2101:Medicinal plants
2076:
2075:
2063:
2062:
2050:
2049:
2037:
2036:
2024:
2023:
2011:
2010:
1998:
1997:
1985:
1984:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1944:
1943:
1931:
1930:
1921:
1920:
1908:
1907:
1895:
1894:
1882:
1881:
1872:
1871:
1862:
1861:
1849:
1848:
1836:
1835:
1823:
1822:
1810:
1809:
1797:
1796:
1784:
1783:
1771:
1770:
1758:
1757:
1745:
1744:
1732:
1731:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1620:
1614:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1570:cryopreservation
1566:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1495:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1453:
1447:. Archived from
1446:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1409:
1403:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1363:
1357:
1344:Michel Cointat,
1342:
1336:
1322:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1297:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1233:
1217:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1154:
1145:
1136:
1127:
1118:
1109:
1100:
1091:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1028:
1019:
1007:
987:Cryopreservation
982:Micropropagation
891:natural medicine
793:, and cascades.
611:Longmen Grottoes
608:
607:
602:
601:
588:ornamental plant
538:
537:
497:hardy garden mum
472:
469:
460:
457:
448:
445:
436:
433:
424:
421:
412:
409:
400:
397:
388:
386: stipulaceum
385:
376:
373:
364:
361:
358: morifolium
357:
348:
345:
342: morifolium
341:
332:
329:
326: morifolium
325:
316:
313:
304:
301:
292:
289:
280:
277:
268:
265:
256:
253:
244:
242: grandiflora
241:
232:
229:
202:
199:
177:
69:
68:
55:Chrysanthemums.
50:
39:
32:
31:
27:Species of plant
21:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2071:
2066:
2058:
2053:
2045:
2040:
2032:
2027:
2019:
2014:
2006:
2001:
1993:
1988:
1980:
1975:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1947:
1939:
1934:
1926:
1924:
1916:
1911:
1903:
1898:
1890:
1885:
1877:
1875:
1867:
1865:
1857:
1852:
1844:
1839:
1831:
1826:
1818:
1813:
1805:
1800:
1792:
1787:
1779:
1774:
1766:
1761:
1753:
1748:
1740:
1735:
1727:
1725:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1682:
1672:
1666:
1656:Applewood Books
1638:
1636:
1612:
1605:, ed. (1919) .
1597:
1592:
1591:
1583:
1579:
1567:
1563:
1555:
1551:
1542:
1538:
1530:
1526:
1513:
1509:
1470:
1466:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1427:
1423:
1410:
1406:
1393:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1364:
1360:
1343:
1339:
1323:
1316:
1306:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1250:
1248:
1241:(Ramat.) Hemsl"
1235:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1137:
1128:
1119:
1110:
1101:
1092:
1083:
1074:
1065:
1056:
1047:
1038:
1029:
1020:
1011:
1008:
999:
978:
914:
908:and allergies.
906:skin irritation
887:
833:
749:
690:
557:medicinal plant
523:
505:perennial plant
493:florist's daisy
467:
458: morifolium
455:
449:(Sabine) DC.
443:
431:
419:
410: morifolium
407:
395:
383:
371:
359:
355:
343:
339:
327:
323:
314: morifolium
311:
299:
287:
275:
263:
254: stipulacea
251:
239:
227:
211:
204:
200: morifolium
197:
194:
181:
178: morifolium
175:
63:
40: morifolium
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2129:
2119:
2118:
2116:Flora of Japan
2113:
2111:Flora of China
2108:
2103:
2098:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2064:
2060:wfo-0000077048
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2038:
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718:actinomorphous
689:
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478:
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451:
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434: morifolia
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367:
354:Chrysanthemum
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338:Chrysanthemum
335:
322:Chrysanthemum
319:
310:Chrysanthemum
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1268:Chrysanthemum
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720:, tubulated,
719:
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712:
706:
703:
694:
685:
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669:C. morifolium
666:
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510:Chrysanthemum
507:in the genus
506:
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490:
489:
485:
484:Chrysanthemum
471:
464:
459:
452:
447:
440:
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428:
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418:Dendranthema
416:
411:
406:Dendranthema
404:
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394:Dendranthema
392:
387:
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368:
363:
352:
347:
336:
331:
320:
315:
308:
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296:
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260:
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191:
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187:Binomial name
184:
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161:Chrysanthemum
158:
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91:Tracheophytes
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53:
49:
44:
41:
33:
30:
19:
1952:
1687:
1650:
1637:. Retrieved
1629:
1607:
1603:Bailey, L.H.
1595:Bibliography
1580:
1564:
1552:
1544:55: 99-108.
1539:
1527:
1510:
1483:
1477:
1467:
1456:. Retrieved
1449:the original
1436:
1424:
1407:
1390:
1378:
1361:
1345:
1340:
1325:
1307:22 September
1305:. Retrieved
1278:. Retrieved
1271:
1267:
1260:
1249:. Retrieved
1244:
1238:
1231:
979:
938:spider mites
915:
903:
899:air purifier
895:inflammation
888:
879:
873:
865:formaldehyde
846:
825:
818:
813:
807:
795:
783:
768:is hardy to
765:
762:
756:
738:
726:
713:and central
707:
699:
679:
675:
673:
668:
664:
660:
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649:
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641:
629:
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623:
618:
592:
573:
563:
561:
546:
530:
508:
496:
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487:
483:
482:
481:
470: sinense
465:
453:
446: sinense
441:
429:
422: sinense
417:
405:
393:
381:
374: sinense
369:
353:
337:
321:
309:
297:
285:
278: indicum
273:
261:
249:
237:
225:
195:
193:
173:
172:
160:
123:
110:
97:
84:
35:
29:
1802:iNaturalist
1712:Wikispecies
1639:15 November
1383:Bailey 1919
930:leaf miners
922:capsid bugs
855:, removing
841:West Bengal
688:Description
661:C. hortorum
570:immortality
543:(1688–1766)
503:species of
430:Matricaria
104:Angiosperms
2090:Categories
1892:gcc-130137
1887:Plant List
1522:, p. 80 f.
1458:2013-12-25
1417:0521087317
1371:2914211384
1272:morifolium
1251:2020-02-24
1223:References
958:leaf spots
946:whiteflies
849:houseplant
810:disbudding
770:USDA zones
702:herbaceous
665:C. indicum
615:Li Shizhen
593:The first
515:Asteraceae
488:morifolium
466:Tanacetum
454:Tanacetum
442:Pyrethrum
269:W.Mill.
150:Asteraceae
1968:Q50845560
1768:242312673
1703:Q15530181
1617:Macmillan
1613:(6 vols.)
1429:Dyer 2019
934:nematodes
741:cultivars
634:purpurine
595:monograph
461:Kitam.
437:Ramat.
377:Sabine
349:Makino
346:japonense
333:Hemsl.
317:Ramat.
290:purpureum
281:Thunb.
257:Moench
250:Anthemis
245:Ramat.
238:Anthemis
233:Willd.
226:Anthemis
168:Species:
140:Asterales
74:Kingdom:
2047:50277099
2042:Tropicos
2021:231938-1
1962:Wikidata
1913:Tropicos
1833:11202834
1820:193607-1
1726:BioLib:
1697:Wikidata
1502:19887643
954:Botrytis
885:Medicine
874:in vitro
843:, India.
722:bisexual
638:Camomile
517:family.
293:Pers.
217:Synonyms
210:) Hemsl.
174:C.
146:Family:
130:Asterids
117:Eudicots
2073:1177125
1995:3150774
1928:2330522
1918:2700550
1781:3150767
1280:5 March
997:Gallery
926:earwigs
912:Ecology
869:ammonia
861:benzene
787:topiary
734:daisies
715:florets
711:ligules
676:indicum
654:hybrids
617:in his
553:Holland
513:of the
499:, is a
362:sinense
330:gracile
305:Ling
156:Genus:
136:Order:
78:Plantae
1925:uBio:
1905:CHMO14
1900:PLANTS
1866:NZOR:
1846:510898
1755:483963
1662:
1518:
1500:
1415:
1398:
1369:
1352:
1332:
944:, and
942:thrips
918:aphids
791:bonsai
501:hybrid
208:Ramat.
2068:WoRMS
2008:23478
1982:6R73C
1879:11800
1876:PFI:
1859:41568
1828:IRMNG
1807:53806
1794:10373
1742:5YJBP
1729:41575
1498:S2CID
1452:(PDF)
1445:(PDF)
814:ogiku
780:Spiky
757:ogiku
549:China
539:) by
536:仙萼長春冊
124:Clade
111:Clade
98:Clade
85:Clade
2029:POWO
2016:IPNI
2003:GRIN
1990:GBIF
1854:NCBI
1841:ITIS
1815:IPNI
1789:GRIN
1776:GBIF
1660:ISBN
1641:2019
1516:ISBN
1413:ISBN
1396:ISBN
1367:ISBN
1350:ISBN
1330:ISBN
1309:2012
1282:2023
962:rust
667:and
584:Tang
582:and
495:and
360:var.
328:var.
288:var.
2055:WFO
1977:CoL
1936:WFO
1763:FNA
1750:EoL
1737:CoL
1488:doi
889:In
821:mop
580:Jin
547:In
2092::
2070::
2057::
2044::
2031::
2018::
2005::
1992::
1979::
1964::
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901:.
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859:,
789:,
606:菊譜
600:劉蒙
575:qi
559:.
486:×
344:f.
126::
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1668:.
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1311:.
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408:×
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324:×
312:×
300:×
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264:×
252:×
240:×
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206:(
198:×
176:×
38:×
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