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393:, to be among the eleven teachers at the school. He taught the craft of stained glass. Students taking Whall's class were a wide assortment of ages, backgrounds and level of experience. During the first school year, Whall taught his classes alone, but by 1897 he had hired Alfred Drury, an experienced glazer, to teach the crafts of leading and glazing. Whall's method of teaching, which he called the "Ruskin method", taught students to combine close observations and detailed workmanship along with more traditional artistic skills. He encouraged students by giving them small tasks to perfect before working up to large, more complex work. Whall was a gifted communicator and a popular teacher.
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575:. For the Church of the Advent, Whall completed five windows depicting the five regions of the early church, starting with the first window on the east end of the south nave wall with St. Ignatius of Antioch representing the Syrian Church and west of that St. Athanasius representing the African Church. On the north side starting at the west end is St. Ambrose of Milan for the Latin Church, then St. Chrysostom for the Greek Church and finally St. Columba, symbolising the Celtic Church.
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painting, firing and glazing, so that, in future, no part of the making of his windows would be beyond his control. This was a direct protest against the division of labour, then almost universally prevalent among commercial manufacturers, which Whall and others saw as incompatible with the production of stained glass as an
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Whall's participation in the early activities of the Arts and Crafts movement came soon after a life-changing event that had taken place in 1887. In that year he had converted the cow-shed at his cottage in
Dorking into a workshop, where he set about learning all the processes of the craft: cutting,
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Whall's artistic style included using images from nature, a wide range of glass colours and textures, and new glass materials. His application of white glass for his windows was unique for the time. He was one of the earliest Arts and Crafts stained glass artists to include slab glass in his work.
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Mary
Lowndes produced stained glass in her own right. Her work can be seen at Boxgrove in Sussex, Snape in Suffolk, Sturminster Newton in Dorset and Henfield in Sussex. She trained at the Slade School of fine Art and was a pupil of Henry Holiday. In 1906 she formed the Glass House in Fulham. From
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Whall's wife and children were often models for figures in his stained glass windows. They often visited the studio-workshop to view the works in process. When windows were completed, Whall would often host fellow artists, clients, friends and family in the studio for a private viewing. His wife,
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the art critic. Child had been trained by Whall and would try to bring Whall's principles to a new generation of Irish artists. Child and his artist friends aimed to set up a workshop similar to that formed by Mary
Lowndes and Alfred Drury in London and in 1903 Sarah Purser set up "The Tower of
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Edward Martyn, an
Irishman who had founded the Palasterian Choir and the Abbey Theatre of Dublin, was interested in starting an Irish school of stained glass. He wrote "If we are determined to do bad work, it is better to have bad Irish than foreign". it was he who invited Christopher Whall to
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Whall's studio-workshops were always collaborative in nature. He fostered an environment where experimenting and continually learning was key, even for the instructor. He stocked the workshop with plants, insects and items from nature for inspiration for colour and design. A
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Whall's daughter
Veronica was a student in his stained glass classes. She later became one of her father's studio-assistants. After his death, she took over management of his studio-workshop. She was a skilled artist and had a successful career as a stained glass artist.
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Catalogue of exhibition held by
William Morris Gallery. London Borough of Waltham Forest. 17 November 1979 to 3 February 1980. Many of Whall's design(s) for stained glass windows were shown at this exhibition. The catalogue also contained some biographical
223:, Holborn and became a lay member of that Order. At St Etheldreda's he designed the side windows in the upper chapel, these windows being made by W. G. Saunders. By 1882 he was to leave the religious community at Ely Place, move to No. 18 Wharton Street in
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in 1897. Her work was much influenced by the designs and craftsmanship of
Christopher Whall and she made extensive use of slab or "Prior" glass developed by the architect Edward Prior. Amongst the artists who were to work at the Glass House were
412:, informally from 1897, with the assistance of Alfred Drury to a formal teaching position at the school in 1901. A kiln was not available during Whall's time at the school, and the firing of students' glass painting was done at
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and work as an illustrator of newspapers, novels and children's books, as well as assisting other painters and giving drawing lessons. He carried out designs during this period for several stained glass makers including
264:. Whall was actively involved in these two organizations for thirty years and was an influential spokesman for the medium of stained glass. In 1912, Whall was elected to the role of Master of the Art Worker's Guild.
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His work was considered groundbreaking in his use of Prior's "Early
English" glass. The east window he created for St. Mary's Stamford was the first large stained glass window to contain the new material.
200:, Baroness von Boselager, who gave him funds to travel to Italy, where he was to stay for almost three years, travelling in central and northern Italy, studying architecture and paintings. In 1878 in
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and it was in their workshops that all his windows were fabricated between 1897 and 1906 (either at Park Walk in
Chelsea or at Lettice Street). Lowndes and Drury was founded in 1897 by the artist
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Whall's health continued to decline and he died on 23 December 1924, at the age of 75. Whall & Whall, under the management of
Veronica Whall continued long after her father's death.
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Whall's experienced his work as a stained glass artist and teacher as a vocation. While an instructor at the Central School of Art and Crafts, Whall was encouraged by school director,
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For the decade after the Whalls left Dorking in 1896 he had no premises of his own for firing and glazing his stained glass, and during this period he worked closely with the firm of
608:, where they kept a smallholding with a cow, a pig and some chickens. Their five children were born between 1885 and 1894. Christopher John was born in 1885 and their daughter
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to live with his mother after his father's death in 1874. He had hoped to find work as a portrait painter, but was offered few commissions. In 1874 Whall met the designer,
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Whall resigned from his teaching position in 1905, but continued to work with the stained glass classes in an informal supervisory role. His successor at the school was
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By the early 1920s, Whall was suffering from the early stages of leukemia. He handed over the management of his studio to stained glass designer and former pupil
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were also prominent within the Movement. It was John Dando Sedding who was to give Whall his first independent commission, for the Lady Chapel East window of
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623:. Whall and Spooner were professional associates and good friends. They often collaborated on commissions and both shared an interest in leaded glazing.
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350:, and Drury with the aim of providing independent designer-craft workers with the necessary facilities to carry out their stained glass commissions.
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443:, was published in London by John Hogg in 1905. Whall's manual was part of a series of books, which included the following manuals: lettering by
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Ireland to execute three windows for the new cathedral at Loughrea. These windows were to be created by Irish craftsmen under Whall's direction.
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as co-directors. She was a skilled stained glass artist and craftsman and created a number of stained glass works under the firm's name.
208:. Before going to Italy he had sought work as a portrait painter and as a studio assistant to other artists, but had had little success.
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Whall's career as an independent designer and maker of stained glass began in the late 1880s. This coincided with the emergence of the
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In 1896, with increasing demand for work and the necessity to spend more time in London, Whall and his family moved to Eyot Cottage,
146:, where his father, William Whall, was the rector. He was educated at home with his siblings until his teens. In 1863 he was sent to
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507:. Despite his illness, Whall continued to design and do some glass-painting, using a specially constructed adjustable chair.
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was certainly influenced by Whall. Geddes was the artist who created the work "The Crucifixion" in St Luke's Church in
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357:. During this period, Whall created stained glass windows for churches in London, throughout England, and Wales. (See
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Whitehill, Walter Muir (September 1977). "Boston Artists and Craftsmen at the Opening of the Twentieth Century".
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Apart from the work at Holy Trinity, Sloane Street, Whall was also to work with Wilson on St Clement's Church in
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Whall married Florence M. Chaplin on 10 November 1884. In 1884 the family moved from London to Stonebridge, near
529:, it does seem that he can be linked to the early 20th century stained glass revival in that country. The artist
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In 1922, at the age of 73, Whall created the firm of Whall & Whall Limited, naming himself and his daughter
459:. This series has been almost in continuous print since the early 1900s, and continues to be influential today.
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162:. On 8 January 1868 he was admitted as a student there—a professional path taken against his parents' wishes.
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artist who worked from the 1880s and on into the 20th century. He is widely recognised as a leader in the
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832:(1889-1931). The Stained Glass Museum at Ely have his work "St Wilfrid and St John Berchmans of 1927.
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Nigel Hammond, "Louis Davis, 1860–1941, watercolourist, book-illustrator and stained-glass artist",
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At various times, particularly in the 1880s and 1890s, Whall was commissioned to design windows by
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828:. Another great stained glass artist to emerge from the Arts & Crafts movement in Ireland was
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1102:. The Charles Connick Glass Foundation and Trustees of the Public Library of the City of Boston.
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and it seems that Whall was one of those who were behind this appointment along with the painter
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1258:, published in Boston in 1999 by the Boston Public Library and Charles. J. Connick Foundation'
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arrived in Dublin to take up the post of Instructor in Stained Glass at the newly reorganised
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The Stained Glass Work of Christopher Whall 1849-1924: 'Aglow with Brave Resplendent Colour'
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In 1907, Whall decided to establish his own studio-workshop and took over the building at 1
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Aglow with Brave Resplendent Colour. The Stained Glass Work of Christopher Whall 1849–1924
567:, the architect, introduced Whall's work to the United States in the period 1906–1910, at
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Although there is no record of Whall having undertaken commissions in Ireland, except for
8:
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1960:
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1050:"Archives of James Powell and Sons held at the Archive of Art and Design, V and A London"
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1887 to 1892 she designed for James Powell & Sons, and set up Lowndes and Drury with
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1059:. National Association of Decorative & Fine Arts Societies (NADFAS). Archived from
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in 1887. The other children were Hew Bernard, Audrey (who died in infancy) and Louis.
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Cormack, Peter Cormack. "Christopher Whall's Stained Glass at Holy Trinity Church".
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400:, former student and studio-assistant, and a strong follower of Whall's teachings.
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an exhibition catalogue published in 1979 in London by the William Morris Gallery.
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by David Welander. (Gloucester. Author and Dean of Gloucester Cathedral. 1985.)
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When he returned to London in 1879, almost penniless, he was befriended by the
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rather than simply a trade. During his time at Dorking, Whall was assisted by
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315:, both of whom were to have distinguished careers as stained glass artists.
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1272:"Holy Trinity Church, Upper Chelsea 1828–1953" by F. H. Spicer. London.
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blue plaque on the Ravenscourt Park house commemorates his life there.
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Christopher Whall 1849–1924. Arts & Crafts Stained Glass Worker
1134:"Stained glass work; a text-book for students and workers in glass"
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in Lancashire. The drawing master there was William Coulter of the
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Resurrection window (1893), St. Clement's Church, Boscombe, Dorset
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Christopher Whall and students at the Royal College of Art, 1902
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665:"The Good Shepherd" (1902), St Ethelbert, Herringswell, Suffolk
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677:"St. Elizabeth of Hungary"(1902), Brockhampton, Herefordshire
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in 1888 and 1889. The architects with whom he was to work at
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154:. He left Rossall School in 1865, and in 1867 enrolled as a
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Regional characteristics of European cathedral architecture
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to write an instructional book about his craft. The book,
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and a key figure in the modern history of stained glass.
619:, London, where they shared the residence of architect
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he was to exhibit at that Society's exhibitions at the
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Christopher and Florence Whall, Ada Cottage, (1885),
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by Cyndy Manton. Cambridge. Lutterworth Press. 2009.
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in 1896. Whall was hired by the school's directors,
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705:"St. John the Baptist" (1907), Burford, Oxfordshire
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1215:"The Church of the Advent – Stained Glass Windows"
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2515:Academics of the Central School of Art and Design
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978:
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2505:English stained glass artists and manufacturers
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25:Christopher Whall works in Gloucester Cathedral
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653:"Annunciation" (1898), Dogmersfield, Hampshire
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186:, and contributed to the Guild's publication,
126:(1849 – 23 December 1924) was a British
1580:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches
1539:
1342:
142:Christopher Whall was born in the rectory at
483:. The site, was formerly used by his friend
331:"Playful Angels" window (1899), St. Andrew,
196:. At this time he gained the patronage of a
1564:British and Irish stained glass (1811–1918)
1185:"History & Tour of All Saints, Ashmont"
929:. In the artist's footsteps. Archived from
856:
744:British and Irish stained glass (1811–1918)
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1160:"WHALL, Christopher Whitworth (1849–1924)"
42:
1293:The Stained Glass of Gloucester Cathedral
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471:Ravenscourt Park studio workshop, c. 1910
416:. Whall taught at the school until 1909.
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192:. In 1875 and 1876 he exhibited at the
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2520:Alumni of the Royal Academy Schools
1100:Aglow with brave resplendent colour
776:, Dorset, St Augustine's Church in
13:
1241:
1078:
1007:
734:List of works by Christopher Whall
580:List of works by Christopher Whall
359:List of works by Christopher Whall
262:Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society
21:List of works by Christopher Whall
14:
2541:
2530:Masters of the Art Worker's Guild
2510:People educated at Rossall School
1305:
1263:Oxfordshire Local History Journal
1191:. 6 November 2011. Archived from
945:
815:, Francis Spear and Carl Edwards.
546:Dublin Metropolitan School of Art
2525:Arts and Crafts movement artists
2455:
1319:
710:
698:
682:
670:
658:
646:
584:
379:Central School of Art and Crafts
365:Central School of Art and Crafts
1554:British and Irish stained glass
1299:Henry Wilson Practical Idealist
1207:
1177:
1152:
1125:
894:Arts & Crafts Stained Glass
835:
824:Geddes was taught in Dublin by
818:
783:
323:Stained glass work and teaching
1392:Cathedrals and Minster windows
1116:
1042:
780:and St Martin's in Low Marple.
766:
299:, which he completed in 1891.
240:Early Arts and Crafts movement
1:
2102:British stained-glass artists
849:
642:
2194:Lavers, Barraud and Westlake
717:"Archangel Michael" (1920),
463:The move to Ravenscourt Park
230:John Hardman Trading Co. Ltd
16:British stained-glass artist
7:
2149:Barton, Kinder and Alderson
2107:Irish stained-glass artists
1318:(public domain audiobooks)
1132:Whall, Christopher (1905).
727:
689:"Te Deum Laudamus" (1905),
552:, the poet W. B. Yeats and
521:Artists influenced by Whall
256:through bodies such as the
124:Christopher Whitworth Whall
10:
2546:
2433:Stained glass conservation
1804:Charles Edmund Clutterbuck
1694:Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
1312:Works by Christopher Whall
577:
144:Thurning, Northamptonshire
98:Works of Christopher Whall
18:
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2115:
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1721:John Loughborough Pearson
1713:
1706:
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1615:
1608:
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1016:The New England Quarterly
993:. Boston Public Library.
638:
408:Whall also taught at the
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113:
103:
91:
80:
72:
53:
41:
34:
2184:Heaton, Butler and Bayne
1638:Cambridge Camden Society
1628:Arts and Crafts Movement
1585:History of stained glass
1280:Journal of Stained Glass
759:
627:Florence, and daughter,
414:Lowndes and Drury studio
254:Arts and Crafts Movement
132:Arts and Crafts movement
2358:Curvilinear coordinates
1956:Lilian Josephine Pocock
1764:Edward Liddall Armitage
1453:Lilian Josephine Pocock
1138:D. Appleton and Company
1098:Cormack, Peter (1999).
985:Cormack, Peter (1999).
892:Cormack, Peter (2015).
152:Royal Hibernian Academy
2249:Fairford stained glass
2179:John Hardman & Co.
1981:Arnold Wathen Robinson
1590:Medieval stained glass
1408:Arnold Wathen Robinson
896:. Paul Mellon Centre.
601:
571:, Boston and Boston's
499:Later career and death
493:Greater London Council
472:
427:
374:
339:
249:
217:St Etheldreda's Church
138:Early life and studies
2204:James Powell and Sons
2169:Walter Francis Clokey
1873:James Humphries Hogan
1826:Rachel de Montmorency
1799:Walter Francis Clokey
1493:Rachel de Montmorency
592:
470:
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383:London County Council
372:
355:James Powell and Sons
330:
269:James Powell and Sons
247:
234:James Powell and Sons
160:Royal Academy Schools
2260:My Four Green Fields
2239:Canterbury Cathedral
1895:Edward Holmes Jewitt
1731:George Gilbert Scott
1382:War Memorial windows
1377:Gloucester Cathedral
573:Church of the Advent
455:and wood-carving by
431:Stained glass manual
410:Royal College of Art
404:Royal College of Art
215:Order of Charity at
2333:Architectural glass
2154:Burlison and Grylls
1912:Charles Eamer Kempe
1274:Shield & Spring
1219:Theadventboston.org
927:"Christopher Whall"
801:Margaret Agnes Rope
557:Glass" (in Gaelic "
381:was founded by the
277:Holy Trinity Church
19:For his works, see
2244:Coventry Cathedral
2219:William Warrington
2189:Hincks and Burnell
2039:Nathaniel Westlake
2010:Caroline Townshend
1623:Aesthetic Movement
1616:Artistic movements
1413:Caroline Townshend
805:M. E. Aldrich Rope
602:
569:All Saints Ashmont
540:In September 1901
527:Loughrea Cathedral
473:
441:Stained Glass Work
428:
424:Stained Glass Work
375:
340:
281:John Dando Sedding
258:Art Workers' Guild
250:
182:, and through him
2490:Christopher Whall
2477:
2476:
2227:
2226:
2209:Shrigley and Hunt
2044:Christopher Whall
1993:Arild Rosenkrantz
1927:Catherine O’Brien
1856:Reginald Hallward
1846:Wilhelmina Geddes
1736:Alexander Thomson
1702:
1701:
1648:Early Renaissance
1521:
1520:
1498:Reginald Hallward
1358:Christopher Whall
1282:(Vol. XXX, 2006)
1225:on 8 January 2011
1195:on 9 January 2013
1000:978-0-89073-091-1
799:, Henry Holiday,
719:Gray's Inn Chapel
531:Wilhelmina Geddes
453:Douglas Cockerell
451:, bookbinding by
344:Lowndes and Drury
313:Reginald Hallward
279:, Sloane Street,
178:, founder of the
121:
120:
36:Christopher Whall
2537:
2459:
2458:
2373:Glass beadmaking
2199:Morris & Co.
2164:Clayton and Bell
2068:Thomas Willement
2022:Christopher Webb
1784:Margaret Chilton
1711:
1710:
1613:
1612:
1595:Poor Man's Bible
1548:
1541:
1534:
1525:
1524:
1473:Margaret Chilton
1351:
1344:
1337:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1221:. Archived from
1211:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1164:English Heritage
1156:
1150:
1149:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1095:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1066:on 21 March 2012
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1005:
1004:
992:
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972:
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933:on 30 April 2012
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565:Ralph Adams Cram
477:Ravenscourt Park
447:, silverwork by
289:St Mary's Church
267:Indeed, through
204:he converted to
117:Florence Chaplin
94:
76:23 December 1924
65:Northamptonshire
46:
32:
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2353:Cathedral glass
2321:
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2123:Martin Harrison
2111:
1868:Herbert Hendrie
1779:Alfred E. Child
1740:
1698:
1684:The Glass House
1672:
1663:Oxford Movement
1633:Biblia pauperum
1604:
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1247:Peter Cormack.
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1242:Further reading
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621:Charles Spooner
587:
582:
542:Alfred E. Child
523:
501:
485:Charles Spooner
465:
445:Edward Johnston
437:William Lethaby
433:
406:
391:William Lethaby
387:George Frampton
367:
325:
242:
189:The Hobby Horse
176:A. H. Mackmurdo
170:Whall moved to
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108:Arts and Crafts
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2174:Daniel Cottier
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2078:Paul Woodroffe
2075:
2073:William Wilson
2070:
2065:
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2063:
2056:Veronica Whall
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2041:
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1658:Gothic Revival
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1508:Veronica Whall
1505:
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1483:Paul Woodroffe
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1389:
1387:Scotland works
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1362:
1361:
1354:
1353:
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1324:
1307:
1306:External links
1304:
1303:
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1296:
1290:
1277:
1270:
1259:
1254:Peter Cormack
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1028:10.2307/364275
1022:(3): 387–408.
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903:978-0300209709
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426:manual c. 1905
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148:Rossall School
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2388:Lancet window
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2144:An Túr Gloine
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2137:Manufacturers
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2027:Geoffrey Webb
2025:
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2020:
2016:
2013:
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2011:
2008:
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2001:
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1998:Francis Skeat
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1907:Marjorie Kemp
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1714:Architectural
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1677:Organisations
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1372:List of works
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807:, Evie Hone,
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755:
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749:Edwardian era
747:
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739:Stained glass
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585:Personal life
581:
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566:
562:
560:
559:An Túr Gloine
555:
554:Edward Martyn
551:
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194:Royal Academy
191:
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180:Century Guild
177:
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135:
133:
129:
128:stained-glass
125:
116:
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86:
85:stained glass
83:
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62:
56:
52:
48:Whall in 1902
45:
40:
33:
30:
26:
22:
2438:Studio glass
2378:Glassblowing
2297:Fleur-de-lis
2258:
2254:York Minster
2159:Harry Clarke
2090:Edward Woore
2043:
1971:Sarah Purser
1932:Karl Parsons
1917:Mary Lowndes
1836:Mabel Esplin
1831:Alfred Drury
1794:Harry Clarke
1789:Brian Clarke
1689:Hogarth Club
1468:Mabel Esplin
1443:Karl Parsons
1418:Edward Woore
1357:
1298:
1292:
1279:
1273:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1227:. Retrieved
1223:the original
1218:
1209:
1197:. Retrieved
1193:the original
1188:
1179:
1167:. Retrieved
1154:
1136:. New York:
1127:
1118:
1099:
1070:19 September
1068:. Retrieved
1061:the original
1056:
1044:
1019:
1015:
1009:
988:
980:
935:. Retrieved
931:the original
893:
837:
830:Harry Clarke
820:
797:Karl Parsons
792:Alfred Drury
785:
768:
754:Aestheticism
633:
625:
614:
603:
563:
550:Sarah Purser
539:
524:
516:
509:
505:Edward Woore
502:
489:
474:
449:Henry Wilson
440:
434:
423:
407:
398:Karl Parsons
395:
376:
352:
348:Mary Lowndes
341:
317:
304:
301:
297:Lincolnshire
285:Henry Wilson
266:
251:
210:
187:
184:Selwyn Image
169:
141:
123:
122:
93:Notable work
29:
2500:1924 deaths
2495:1849 births
2418:Rose window
2363:Float glass
2326:Terminology
2128:John Ruskin
1976:Ethel Rhind
1944:Henry Payne
1883:Joan Howson
1814:Louis Davis
1769:Hugh Arnold
1668:Romanticism
1458:Louis Davis
1438:Hugh Arnold
1428:Henry Payne
937:9 September
813:Hugh Arnold
481:Hammersmith
457:George Jack
309:Louis Davis
273:New Gallery
232:as well as
225:Clerkenwell
206:Catholicism
156:probationer
2484:Categories
2413:Quatrefoil
1961:John Piper
1643:Classicism
1609:Influences
850:References
578:See also:
198:Hanoverian
87:, teaching
2393:Leadlight
2383:Grisaille
2368:Glass art
2338:Art glass
1878:Evie Hone
1851:Jane Gray
1809:Trena Cox
1653:Exoticism
1401:Followers
1229:16 August
1199:16 August
1169:3 October
221:Ely Place
213:Rosminian
67:, England
2460:Commons:
2398:Mandorla
2302:Heraldry
2287:Biblical
2282:Apostles
2232:Examples
1316:LibriVox
778:Highgate
774:Boscombe
728:See also
721:, London
629:Veronica
617:Chiswick
610:Veronica
535:Wallsend
512:Veronica
293:Stamford
260:and the
172:Edmonton
104:Movement
61:Thurning
2469:Ireland
2443:Tracery
2423:Roundel
2403:Mullion
2317:Virtues
2307:Prophet
2277:Admiral
2116:Critics
1745:Artists
1573:History
1276:. 1956.
1269:(2006).
1146:5360611
975:detail.
606:Dorking
595:Dorking
333:Farnham
158:at the
2408:Pontil
2292:Bishop
2270:Images
1707:People
1286:
1144:
1106:
1036:364275
1034:
997:
900:
639:Images
599:Surrey
337:Surrey
166:Career
114:Spouse
2312:Saint
2095:works
2083:works
2061:works
2049:works
2032:works
2015:works
2003:works
1986:works
1949:works
1937:works
1900:works
1888:works
1861:works
1819:works
1757:works
1512:works
1502:works
1487:works
1462:works
1447:works
1432:works
1422:works
1365:Works
1064:(PDF)
1053:(PDF)
1032:JSTOR
760:Notes
202:Lucca
1284:ISBN
1231:2012
1201:2012
1171:2021
1142:OCLC
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