1658:
1762:
1718:
2624:
numbers of non-ethnic
Christians in Iran. According to the data from the mid 1990s, all Protestant churches in Iran claimed an ethnic and Iranian membership of 5,000, 8,000, 10,000 or 15,000. A 2015 study estimated (describing this as a conservative estimate) that there were 100,000 Christian believers from a Muslim background living in Iran, most of them evangelical or Pentecostal Christians. Significant numbers of Muslim converts to Christianity in Iran are estimated to range from 300,000 to 500,000 by various sources. Other estimates put the numbers between 800,000 and 3 million.
1321:
1600:
2304:
2292:
1674:
1746:
1630:
2653:
1644:
2318:
1818:
1702:
5348:
1776:
72:
1586:
5358:
1732:
5670:
2724:
1474:
1216:
2738:
5682:
1791:
2490:
2468:
2446:
2424:
1688:
1614:
4291:
these
Christians are evangelicals. Recent estimates claim that the number might have climbed up to somewhere between one million and three million. This is up from 100,000 in 1994, and a majority of these converts are reportedly women. A recent documentary, Sheep among Wolves, documents the lives of these converts and shows how Iran is the "fastest-growing church" in the world.
2272:, but also in adjacent provinces. Vibrant, huge and millennia-old native Christian communities in these parts of Iran were virtually shattered by the Ottoman actions, being reduced from formerly composing majorities in some of the regions, to very small – though noticeable – surviving communities. Prior to World War I and the Assyrian genocide, the population of
2090:, the Patriarch of the Church of the East from 540 to 552. To this bishop Nushizad confessed his sincere repentance for having taken up arms against his father, an act which, he was convinced, could never win the approval of Heaven. Having professed himself a Christian he died, and the rebellion was quickly put down.
4211:
Conservative estimates place the number of
Christians in Iran between 500,000 to 800,000 believers, but others claim there are more than one million. Traditionally, Christian families amount to around 250,000, while the remainder consists of converts from Islam. Most converts from Islam belong to the
4241:
Open Doors, interviewed by the UK Home Office on 8 August 2017, stated that many converts do not publicly report their faith due to persecution, so it is difficult to record the exact numbers of
Iranian Christian converts. Open Doors believes the number to be 800,000, although this is a conservative
2635:
is the fastest shrinking religion in there , while
Christianity is growing the fastest”, and in 2018 "up to half a million Iranians are Christian converts from Muslim families, and most of these Christians are evangelicals." He adds that "recent estimates claim that the number might have climbed up
2085:
550). Very soon the rumour proved false, but people who appear to have been in the pay of
Justinian persuaded Nushizad to endeavour to maintain his position. The actions of his son deeply distressed Khosrau; he had to take prompt measures, and sent the commander, Ram Berzin, against the rebels. In
2623:
in Iran. Complicating the matter is the mixture of ethnic identity with religious affiliation, and the number of Muslim converts to
Christianity, who as discussed above have a strong incentive to conceal themselves. Most informants often referred to "only a few thousand" in estimating the overall
4290:
Speaking of faith and Iran, most people think of Islam. Yet Islam is the fastest shrinking religion there, while
Christianity is growing the fastest. According to a report by the Department of State from 2018, up to half a million Iranians are Christian converts from Muslim families, and most of
4141:
In his research article, Miller (2015, p. 71) points to an anonymous, but the well-informed source that estimated that in 2010, there were about 100,000 converts in Iran... estimated the number of
Christian ethnic Persians to be about 175,000. these were claimed to be converts of Shiite Muslim
2532:
A June 2020 online survey found a much smaller percentage of
Iranians stating they believe in Islam, with half of those surveyed indicating they had lost their religious faith. The poll, conducted by the Netherlands-based GAMAAN (Group for Analyzing and Measuring Attitudes in Iran), using online
2244:
began to evangelize in Persia. They directed their operations towards supporting the extant churches of the country while improving education and health-care. Unlike the older, ethnic churches, these evangelical Protestants began to engage with the ethnic Persian Muslim community. Their printing
2643:
expressed concern over Iranian Muslims converting to Christianity and said the Intelligence Ministry have dispatched agents active in "countering the advocates of Christianity" to areas where there is a potential for people to convert. In June 2024, it was reported that the Iranian judiciary
2522:
human rights experts said that members of the Christian minority in Iran, particularly those who have converted to Christianity, are facing severe discrimination and religious persecution in Iran. They expressed their concerns over treatment of three Iranian Christians imprisoned in Iran.
2097:
in northwestern Iran, for example, as the second-oldest church in Christendom after the Church of Bethlehem in the West Bank. A Chinese princess, who contributed to its reconstruction in 642 AD, has her name engraved on a stone on the church wall. The famous Italian traveller
2112:, in the 7th century, originally benefited Christians as they were a protected minority under Islam. However, from about the 10th century religious tension led to persecution once more. The influence of European Christians placed Near Eastern Christians in peril during the
3056:
The Armenian defeat in the Battle of Avarayr in 451 proved a pyrrhic victory for the Persians. Though the Armenians lost their commander, Vartan Mamikonian, and most of their soldiers, Persian losses were proportionately heavy, and Armenia was allowed to remain
3027:
So spirited was the Armenian defense, however, that the Persians suffered enormous losses as well. Their victory was pyrrhic and the king, faced with troubles elsewhere, was forced, at least for the time being, to allow the Armenians to worship as they
2283:, about half of the Assyrians of Persia died in Turkish and Kurdish massacres and in related outbreaks of starvation and disease. About 80 percent of Assyrian clergy and spiritual leaders perished, threatening the nation's ability to survive as a unit.
2364:
do not have Iranian citizenship, and therefore are not included in the data. In 2008, the central office of the International Union of Assyrians was officially transferred to Iran after being hosted in the United States for more than four decades.
2594:
was arrested and imprisoned for more than 10 years before he was sentenced to death in 1993, but after international pressure, he was freed in 1994, although the death sentenced was not lifted. He was murdered the next year. In 2011,
2156:, he ordered large-scale massacres of Christians in Mesopotamia, Persia, Asia Minor and Syria. Most of the victims were indigenous Assyrians and Armenians, members of the Assyrian Church of the East and of Orthodox Churches.
2580:. Although the Civil Code does not provide explicitly for the death penalty – with the crime being punishable by fines, lashing, and prison terms – judges can impose the death penalty if they desire. Iran was number nine on
4376:
5313:
2615:
Nejat TV, distribute educational and encouraging programs for Christians, especially targeting Persian speakers. Some Christian ex-Muslims emigrate from Iran for educational, political, security or economic reasons.
4134:"Report: Iran: Christian converts and house churches (1) –prevalence and conditions for religious practice Translation provided by the Office of the Commissioner-General for Refugees and Stateless Persons, Belgium"
3014:
5323:
4328:
4194:
estimates citing figures lower than 10,000, and others, such as Open Doors USA, citing numbers above 800,000, Many Protestants and converts to Christianity from Islam reportedly practice in secret.
3840:
Religious freedom advocates rallied Wednesday (Sept. 28) around an Iranian pastor who is facing execution because he has refused to recant his Christian faith in the overwhelmingly Muslim country.
3622:
3996:
3817:
2011:
in the 340s. The Sassanids feared the Christians as a subversive and possibly disloyal minority. In the early-5th century official persecution increased once more. However, from the reign of
2027:
subjects gained the official right to profess Eastern Christianity freely. Political pressure within Persia and cultural differences with western Christianity were mostly to blame for the
3933:
4056:
2345:, but one estimate from 1999 placed the number as high as 310,000. Other estimates since 2000 have placed the number of Christians with Iranian citizenship as high as 109,415 in 2006.
2124:
adopted Islam at the turn of the 14th century. The Christian population gradually declined to a small minority. Christians disengaged from mainstream society and withdrew into ethnic
5277:
2214:
resettled some 300,000 Armenians deeper within modern-day Iran, as well as establishing their own quarter in the then-capital Isfahan, which is still largely populated by Christian
4133:
5287:
4515:
4212:
underground Protestant house-church movement, which Iran considers to be illegal. Meanwhile, according to Islamic and Iranian law, conversion from Islam is a capital offense.
3389:
2206:
The number of Christians in Iran was further significantly boosted through various policies of the subsequent kingdoms that ruled from 1501. For example, in 1606 during the
4177:
The underground nature of the Christian conversion movement has made numbers impossible to determine accurately. Estimates range from 300,000 to 500,000 by various sources.
4111:
2515:
government intrusion, expropriation of property, forced closure and persecution, particularly in the initial years after the Iranian Revolution, have all been documented.
2245:
presses produced much religious material in various languages. Some Persians subsequently converted to Protestantism and their churches still exist within Iran (using the
3004:
4242:
estimate. Other estimates put the number between 400,000-500,000 right up to 3 million... A March 2019 US Congressional Research Service report on Iran put the 300,000
1453:
In the 2016 census, the Statistical Center of Iran reported there were 117,700 Christians in the country; other reports put the figure at over half a million people.
1356:
having their own distinctive culture and language. The members of the newer and smaller churches are drawn both from the traditionally Christian ethnic minorities and
1304:. However, Christians comprised a larger share of the population in the past than they do today. Iranian Christians have played a significant part in the historical
4273:
Shay Khatiri of Johns Hopkins University wrote last year about Iran that "Islam is the fastest shrinking religion there, while Christianity is growing the fastest."
3404:
3101:
2260:(1914–1923), as many tens of thousands of refugees poured in. However, both massacres drastically negatively affected Iran's Christian population as well, as
4320:
3644:
145:
4268:
3491:
3097:
2887:
2826:
2627:
According to scholar Ladan Boroumand, "Iran today is witnessing the highest rate of Christianization in the world." According to scholar Shay Khatiri of
3612:
3988:
3862:
2565:, led to substantial numbers of Iranian Muslims departing Islam and converting to Christianity. This took place both within Iran and abroad, among the
1082:
3827:
3590:
1383:
1244:
4616:
4451:
2761:
1032:
4206:
3885:
5394:
4640:
3918:
2545:
pastors started to hold church services in homes in Persian, rather than in one of the ethnic Christian minority languages such as Armenian or
2086:
the battle which followed Nushizad was mortally wounded and carried off the field. In his tent he was attended by a Christian bishop, probably
2329:
In 1976, the census reported that the Christian population of Iran holding citizenship there numbered 168,593 people, with most of them being
4168:
4048:
290:
5654:
3373:
3354:
3335:
1813:
believe that he and Simon were both buried here. In 1329, the church was reconstructed after an earthquake destroyed the structure in 1319.
130:
4303:
4285:
3799:
3462:
3200:
3161:
2307:
4765:
3716:
3670:
3521:
3427:
2603:
pastor, was allegedly sentenced to death for refusing to recant his faith. More recently the Iranian-American pastor and former Muslim
2252:
In the early 20th century, once again Iran's stable and extant Christian population was boosted – this time due to the effects of the
4507:
4224:
4154:
2504:
150:
5237:
3313:
2607:, who in 2013 was sentenced to eight years prison, allegedly "Helped to build the country’s underground Christian church network".
1538:
1301:
651:
2781:
1657:
5634:
5262:
4663:
The Lost History of Christianity: The Thousand-Year Golden Age of the Church in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia and How it Died
3691:
1510:
5282:
1140:
972:
925:
700:
2956:
4607:
3785:
3747:
3456:
3194:
3155:
2207:
1491:
1237:
1022:
4632:
4369:
4254:
1999:
Early Christian communities straddling the Roman-Persian border found themselves in the midst of civil strife. In 313, when
1517:
4987:
2015:(457–459) serious persecutions grew less frequent and the Persian church began to achieve a recognized status. Through the
1781:
1077:
3226:
2674:
have been translated in more recent times, although distribution of Christian literature in Persian is currently illegal.
2357:
1456:
The "Country Information and Guidance: Christians and Christian Converts, Iran" report published in December 2014 by the
1037:
932:
2926:
2533:
polling to provide greater anonymity for respondents, surveyed 50,000 Iranians and found 1.5% identified as Christians.
2140:-speaking). Persecution against Christians revived in the 14th century; when the Muslim warlord of Turco-Mongol descent
5629:
5387:
3252:
2756:
890:
715:
3919:"The Secret World of God: Aesthetics, Relationships, and the Conversion of 'Frances' from Shi'a Islam to Christianity"
3401:
1524:
5624:
5619:
5072:
4856:
4401:
4189:
4035:
2977:
2584:’ 2022 World Watch List, an annual ranking of the 50 countries where Christians face the most extreme persecution.
1557:
1042:
586:
165:
5318:
3777:
3739:
1230:
1102:
1055:
900:
5644:
5182:
2671:
2338:
1506:
1112:
820:
815:
555:
497:
4308:
Recent estimates claim that the number might have climbed up to somewhere between one million and three million.
2081:
a report reached Persia that he was dead, and at once Nushizad seized the crown and made the kingdom Christian (
1761:
5533:
4758:
3487:
3049:
2895:
2834:
2766:
2280:
1495:
3989:"TBN Nejat Television Takes Powerful Message of Hope to Millions Across Iran, Middle East, Europe, and Beyond"
2865:
5707:
5380:
3852:
2499:
The government guarantees the recognized Christian minorities a number of rights (production and sale of non-
2268:
and massacred many tens of thousands of Armenians and Assyrians within Iran's borders as well, especially in
780:
205:
4426:
3648:
5232:
5197:
5152:
3759:
2612:
636:
527:
472:
315:
305:
110:
4910:
4694:
3582:
2093:
Many old churches remain in Iran from the early days of Christianity. Some historians regard the Assyrian
5507:
5502:
5495:
5490:
5467:
5122:
5117:
5012:
4861:
4688:
2196:
2180:
1822:
1794:
1416:
1406:
1373:
1092:
1027:
977:
937:
880:
445:
440:
375:
320:
210:
140:
4444:
5242:
5217:
5132:
5112:
5062:
5032:
5022:
4703:
4027:
2561:), which was spoken by nearly all Iranians, combined with dissatisfaction at violence connected to the
2109:
1357:
957:
850:
810:
790:
571:
532:
517:
452:
430:
405:
380:
300:
265:
250:
235:
190:
125:
5568:
5449:
5328:
5207:
5202:
5082:
4751:
3900:
2200:
1367:
1293:
1202:
1147:
1062:
1012:
987:
785:
626:
507:
502:
420:
410:
255:
4722:
4637:
4139:. Office of the Commissioner-General for Refugees and Stateless Persons, Belgium. 22 February 2009.
3130:
1268:. Through this time the Christian faith has always been followed by a minority of the population of
5649:
5429:
5424:
5272:
5222:
5177:
5157:
5147:
5047:
5004:
4980:
4866:
4485:
2857:
2712:
In the same year, it was ranked as the eighth most difficult place in the world to be a Christian.
2628:
2269:
2192:
2175:, but also in Persia). This group had a faltering start but has existed as a separate church since
1635:
1395:
1389:
1192:
1182:
1167:
1072:
997:
967:
942:
905:
865:
860:
835:
705:
522:
492:
477:
467:
395:
355:
330:
180:
175:
155:
120:
105:
2557:. Worship in homes rather than in church buildings, and the utilization of the national language (
1531:
5419:
5247:
5162:
5142:
5027:
5017:
4738:
4547:
2751:
2276:
was 40% to 50% Christian, for example. Nowadays, this number for the same city lies at 1% to 2%.
2007:
rulers of Persia adopted a policy of persecution against Christians, including the double-tax of
2000:
1985:
1950:
1679:
1591:
1575:
1484:
1379:
1197:
1172:
1152:
1127:
1002:
982:
895:
885:
840:
800:
760:
755:
750:
740:
730:
725:
720:
710:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
616:
576:
566:
537:
482:
340:
310:
295:
280:
270:
260:
225:
220:
170:
115:
90:
63:
3370:
3351:
3332:
3009:
2569:. It is currently illegal to distribute Christian literature in the official language, Persian.
5588:
5573:
5292:
5227:
5192:
5127:
5107:
5097:
5057:
5042:
5037:
3419:
2322:
2094:
1707:
1649:
1337:
1177:
1157:
1122:
1017:
1007:
952:
947:
875:
855:
845:
830:
825:
805:
775:
770:
745:
735:
668:
646:
611:
606:
601:
581:
512:
390:
385:
350:
345:
285:
240:
200:
95:
83:
4716:- an award-winning documentary video (DVD) telling the story of some Iranian Christian martyrs
4377:"Country policy and information note: Christians and Christian converts, Iran, September 2022"
4084:
3796:
3446:
3291:
3184:
3145:
2816:
Country Information and Guidance "Christians and Christian Converts, Iran" 19 March 2015. p. 9
5538:
5333:
5252:
5212:
5187:
5167:
5102:
5077:
5067:
5052:
3117:
2012:
1162:
1117:
1107:
1097:
1087:
992:
910:
870:
795:
765:
656:
641:
631:
487:
462:
435:
425:
415:
400:
325:
275:
230:
215:
195:
185:
160:
100:
3513:
3424:
3283:
3182:
1717:
5485:
5172:
5137:
5092:
4996:
4878:
4536:
2682:
2678:
2600:
1927:
1839:
1605:
1422:
1187:
1067:
962:
621:
596:
457:
368:
335:
245:
135:
4228:
8:
5674:
5528:
5302:
4973:
4351:"Christian converts sentenced to total of 25 years in jail by Iranian judiciary - report"
3822:
3400:
Iran must ensure rights of Christian minority and fair trial for the accused– UN experts
2729:
2554:
2227:
2008:
1887:
1220:
3402:
Iran must ensure rights of Christian minority and fair trial for the accused– UN experts
3310:
1320:
5459:
5441:
4905:
3886:"The Conversion Narrative of Samira: From Shi'a Islam to Mary, her Church, and her Son"
3857:
2608:
2562:
2508:
2164:
2032:
1571:
4735:
Gilak Media - Digital Scripture in Video, Audio and Print form in the Gilaki language.
3684:
5357:
4603:
4072:
4031:
3781:
3743:
3710:
3664:
3452:
3284:
3190:
3151:
3045:
2988:
2776:
2771:
2596:
2573:
2550:
2529:
Christianity remains the second-largest non-Muslim minority religion in the country.
2361:
2349:
2334:
2330:
2303:
2257:
2253:
2230:
were furthermore deported and resettled during the same Safavid era and in the later
2223:
2211:
2137:
2016:
1953:
1875:
1723:
1599:
1426:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1309:
1305:
50:
46:
4394:
2619:
It is difficult to obtain accurate figures for Protestants of all denominations and
2576:
to Christianity are subject to societal and official pressure which may lead to the
5578:
4949:
4944:
4774:
4576:
4350:
3556:
3078:
3000:
2948:
2786:
2690:
2566:
2558:
2246:
2133:
2063:
2028:
1895:
1693:
42:
4565:"Power, Personalities and Politics: The Growth of Iranian Christianity since 1979"
3545:"Power, Personalities and Politics: The Growth of Iranian Christianity since 1979"
2709:
In 2023, the country was given a score of zero out of four for religious freedom.
1737:
5548:
5512:
5411:
4954:
4726:
4707:
4644:
3803:
3431:
3408:
3377:
3358:
3339:
3317:
3256:
2686:
2664:
2620:
2546:
2291:
2188:
2176:
2168:
2129:
2047:
1989:
1931:
1907:
1903:
1848:
1798:
1439:
1432:
4304:"America Must Focus on Religious Persecution against Iranian Christian Converts"
4286:"America Must Focus on Religious Persecution against Iranian Christian Converts"
3818:"Iranian Pastor Youcef Nadarkhani's potential execution rallies U.S. Christians"
1673:
5593:
5543:
4823:
4649:
3222:
2587:
2519:
2172:
2020:
1883:
1844:
1447:
1325:
1312:
and 300,000–370,000 converts; some sources claim significantly higher numbers.
1277:
1273:
4580:
3560:
1745:
1629:
5701:
5603:
5477:
5351:
4818:
4802:
4595:
2922:
2640:
2604:
2577:
2542:
2512:
2341:
in the 1990s, almost half of the Armenians migrated to the newly independent
2261:
2231:
1871:
1867:
1767:
1751:
1443:
4169:"'Our second mother': Iran's converted Christians find sanctuary in Germany"
4049:"'Our second mother': Iran's converted Christians find sanctuary in Germany"
3247:
3082:
2652:
2234:
era within Iran, although both communities are exclusively Muslim nowadays.
5583:
5563:
5558:
5553:
4873:
3305:
2059:
1993:
1981:
1879:
1410:
1399:
1281:
4452:"Iran continues to persecute Christians in violation of international law"
4321:"Iran Intelligence 'Summons' People 'Who Showed Interest in Christianity'"
1442:, there are between 7,000 and 15,000 members and adherents of the various
5686:
5361:
4324:
4207:"Are Iran's Christian converts at greater risk after Soleimani's demise?"
3617:
3183:
Alexander Laban Hinton; Thomas La Pointe; Douglas Irvin-Erickson (2013).
2743:
2644:
sentenced five Christian converts to a total of over 25 years in prison.
2591:
2356:
has been recorded during this period, due to massacres and harassment in
2317:
2265:
2145:
1961:
1643:
1457:
1289:
1285:
2031:, in the course of which the Roman Empire church hierarchy labelled the
1817:
5372:
4965:
4834:
4419:
3270:
The Church of the East: An Illustrated History of Assyrian Christianity
3069:
Rezvani, Babak (Winter 2009). "The Fereydani Georgian Representation".
2590:
pastor Hossein Sudmand was charged with apostasy and executed in 1990.
2581:
2241:
2238:
2153:
2099:
2051:
1969:
1946:
1942:
1806:
1775:
1701:
1297:
2003:
proclaimed Christianity a tolerated religion in the Roman Empire, the
1585:
5639:
5598:
4920:
4915:
2660:
2219:
2215:
2141:
2121:
2087:
2074:
2070:
2069:
Some regard Persia as having very briefly been officially Christian.
2055:
2043:
2024:
1856:
1810:
71:
4564:
4500:
4099:
3544:
3448:
The Middle East: A Guide to Politics, Economics, Society and Culture
2073:, Shahanshah from 531 to 579, married a Christian wife, and his son
1731:
1473:
4743:
2694:
2199:. Both churches now have much smaller memberships in Iran than the
2113:
2004:
1977:
1859:. Since then there has been a continuous presence of Christians in
1687:
1663:
3333:
6. Followers of selected religions in the 1976 & 1986 censuses
5669:
4844:
4225:"Iran: Christians and Christian converts - Department of Justice"
2723:
2342:
2195:. The Aramaic-speaking community that remains independent is the
2160:
1957:
1938:
1619:
1329:
1260:
dates back to the early years of the religion during the time of
1215:
4700:
4670:
The Iranian Christian Diaspora: Religion and Nationhood in Exile
4656:
Iran and Christianity: Historical Identity and Present Relevance
2526:
Iranian Christians tend to be urban, with 50% living in Tehran.
1790:
4839:
4829:
4713:
4100:"Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census"
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2698:
2549:. One of the key leaders who spearheaded this movement was the
2311:
2296:
2125:
2117:
2078:
2039:
2035:
1965:
1919:
1891:
4470:
4732:
3176:
2632:
2500:
2273:
2149:
1973:
1915:
1899:
1852:
1826:
1265:
1261:
4719:
4685:
Large Iranian Christian internet portal (mostly evangelical)
3583:"What it's like to be a Christian in Iran | DW | 25.01.2016"
3286:
Christianity in Persia and the Status of Non-Muslims in Iran
2799:
4682:
2353:
2106:
1923:
1911:
1860:
1830:
1802:
1341:
1269:
3435:. Page dated 31 December 2006. Assessed on 9 October 2011.
1878:
Christian culture developed on the eastern borders of the
1613:
4729:
Virtual Iranian seminary for Christians residing in Iran.
2264:
troops crossed the Iranian border in the later stages of
3311:
Assyrians’ central office officially transferred to Iran
1805:. Believed by some to have been first built in 66 AD by
4047:
Bureau, Liana Aghajanian for the Tehran (12 May 2014).
4402:"2021 Report on International Religious Freedom: Iran"
4190:"2019 Report on International Religious Freedom: Iran"
3774:
Human Rights in Iran: The Abuse of Cultural Relativism
3736:
Human Rights in Iran: The Abuse of Cultural Relativism
3143:
1870:
Christianity began to establish itself throughout the
1450:, and other minority Christian denominations in Iran.
4626:
A History of Christianity in Asia: Beginnings to 1500
2077:
was also a Christian. When the king was taken ill at
4591:, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1999.
4477:
4098:
Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane Alexander (2015).
3488:"Iranians have lost their faith according to survey"
3371:
2. 15. Population by religion and ostan, 1385 census
3352:
2. 17. Population by religion and ostan, 1375 census
3147:
The Armenian Genocide: Cultural and Ethical Legacies
2719:
4018:
4016:
4014:
2222:district. Other hundreds of thousands of Christian
2023:of 484, for example, the Persian Empire's numerous
1498:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1460:states that there were 370,000 Christians in Iran.
4192:. United States Department of State. 12 May 2019.
2120:rule was a relief to Persian Christians until the
4600:Religions of Iran: From Prehistory to the Present
4104:Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion
3730:
3728:
3726:
3095:
3039:
2647:
1370:(between 110,000, 250,000, and 300,000 adherents)
5699:
4011:
3042:Faith in History: Armenians Rebuilding Community
2858:"History of Christians and Christianity in Iran"
2762:German Speaking Evangelical Congregation in Iran
2536:
2511:, special family law etc. According to US-based
4227:. Home Office. 20 February 2020. Archived from
4097:
3137:
2636:to somewhere between 1 million and 3 million".
2102:also described the church following his visit.
4255:"Iranians Turn Away from the Islamic Republic"
4155:"Iranians Turn Away from the Islamic Republic"
3723:
3482:
3480:
3327:
3325:
2672:Persian translations and versions of the Bible
2667:Christians use Bibles in their own languages.
1328:of Isfahan (completed 1664) is a relic of the
5388:
4981:
4759:
3044:. Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 40.
1238:
5655:Category:Christianity in the Sasanian Empire
3150:. Transaction Publishers. pp. 270–271.
2894:. Washington D.C. April 2009. Archived from
2888:"In Iran, 'crackdown' on Christians worsens"
2833:. Washington D.C. April 2009. Archived from
2827:"In Iran, 'crackdown' on Christians worsens"
2782:List of religious centers in Tehran#Churches
1382:(about 21,380 adherents) in three different
4537:Freedom House website, retrieved 2023-08-08
3514:"گزارش نظرسنجی درباره نگرش ایرانیان به دین"
3477:
3444:
3322:
2191:Catholics in Iran today are members of the
1348:belong to minority ethnic groups, with the
5395:
5381:
4988:
4974:
4766:
4752:
4296:
3760:"Iran is number 9 on the World Watch List"
3186:Hidden Genocides: Power, Knowledge, Memory
2677:Portions of the Bible are translated into
1855:among the first new Christian converts at
1245:
1231:
4898:
4427:"What its like to be a Christian in Iran"
3972:
3189:. Rutgers University Press. p. 177.
2639:In May 2019 Iran's Intelligence Minister
1558:Learn how and when to remove this message
1363:The main Christian churches in Iran are:
5402:
4995:
4587:Gillman, Ian and Hans-Joachim Klimkeit,
4548:Open Doors website, retrieved 2023-08-08
4257:. Journal of Democracy. 20 January 2020.
4157:. Journal of Democracy. 22 January 2020.
3884:Miller, Duane Alexander (October 2009).
3580:
2651:
2316:
2302:
2290:
1816:
1789:
1358:converts from a non-Christian background
1319:
5635:Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Urmia
4618:A Brief History of Christianity in Iran
4209:. The Jerusalem Post. 7 February 2018.
3518:گَمان – گروه مطالعات افکارسنجی ایرانیان
3068:
3062:
2849:
1344:. Many members of the larger and older
5700:
4628:, San Francisco, Harper and Row, 1992.
4562:
4114:from the original on 28 September 2019
4046:
3957:
3917:Miller, Duane Alexander (April 2012).
3916:
3883:
3816:Banks, Adelle M. (28 September 2011).
3806:Human Rights & Democracy for Iran.
3715:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3669:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3542:
3490:. Iran International. 25 August 2020.
3281:
3272:, Christoph Baumer, I.B. Tauris, 2006.
3229:from the original on 30 September 2013
3033:
2999:
2704:
1315:
1302:Safavid conversion of the 15th century
5376:
4969:
4747:
4691:The Base of Iranian Historic Churches
4594:
4059:from the original on 14 December 2017
3815:
3506:
3494:from the original on 8 September 2020
3098:"A Survey of Muslim Converts in Iran"
3096:Cate, Patrick; Dwight Singer (1980).
3017:from the original on 17 November 2015
2993:
2971:
2959:from the original on 5 September 2015
2868:from the original on 25 December 2018
2855:
2611:, such as Mohabat TV, Sat7 Pars, and
22:Iranian Christians/Persian Christians
4773:
4672:, I.B. Tauris, London/New York, 2024
4650:RFE/RL article on Christians in Iran
3939:from the original on 29 October 2013
3625:from the original on 3 December 2018
3613:"Iran to Punish Apostasy with Death"
3268:Baumer, Church of the East, at 263.
3164:from the original on 18 October 2017
2917:
2915:
2913:
2286:
1906:forms is still spoken by the ethnic
1782:Saint Benjamin the Deacon and Martyr
1496:adding citations to reliable sources
1467:
1308:: currently, there are at least 600
4518:from the original on 26 August 2021
3999:from the original on 6 October 2017
3865:from the original on 29 August 2014
3524:from the original on 8 October 2020
1898:. This language had been spoken by
1795:Armenian Monastery of Saint Taddeus
13:
5630:Christianity in the Safavid Empire
4556:
3697:from the original on 19 April 2019
3593:from the original on 12 April 2018
3104:from the original on 16 March 2020
2757:Christianity in the Safavid Empire
70:
14:
5719:
5625:List of Assyrian churches in Iran
5620:List of Armenian churches in Iran
4676:
4602:. London: Oneworld publications.
4488:from the original on 18 June 2011
4026:(Cambridge Middle East Studies).
3465:from the original on 29 July 2020
3425:Assessment for Christians in Iran
3390:Population by religion, 2006–2011
3203:from the original on 29 July 2020
2929:from the original on 14 July 2021
2910:
2856:Price, Massoume (December 2002).
5680:
5668:
5356:
5347:
5346:
4563:Miller, Duane Alexander (2015).
4331:from the original on 6 June 2019
3778:University of Pennsylvania Press
3740:University of Pennsylvania Press
3543:Miller, Duane Alexander (2015).
2736:
2722:
2489:
2488:
2467:
2466:
2445:
2444:
2423:
2422:
2237:In the 18th and 19th centuries,
2167:entered into communion with the
2095:Church of Mart Maryam (St. Mary)
2058:, completely independent of any
1774:
1760:
1744:
1730:
1716:
1700:
1686:
1672:
1656:
1642:
1628:
1612:
1598:
1584:
1472:
1376:(about 11,000–20,000 adherents),
1214:
1033:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
146:Democratic Republic of the Congo
5645:Bible translations into Persian
4541:
4530:
4508:"خوش بَموییدی | گیلک مدیا"
4343:
4313:
4278:
4261:
4247:
4217:
4199:
4182:
4161:
4147:
4126:
4091:
4040:
3981:
3966:
3951:
3910:
3877:
3845:
3809:
3790:
3766:
3752:
3677:
3637:
3605:
3574:
3536:
3438:
3413:
3394:
3382:
3363:
3344:
3298:
3275:
3262:
3241:
3215:
3144:Richard G. Hovannisian (2011).
3089:
3071:Anthropology of the Middle East
2339:dissolution of the Soviet Union
2218:some four centuries later: the
1483:needs additional citations for
1419:(about 15,000–20,000 adherents)
5314:British Indian Ocean Territory
4638:Christian architecture in Iran
4631:Statistical Information from:
4589:Christians in Asia before 1500
4355:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
3581:(www.dw.com), Deutsche Welle.
3520:(in Persian). 23 August 2020.
3422:"Minorities at Risk" Project.
2982:
2941:
2880:
2819:
2767:Christians in the Persian Gulf
2648:The Bible in languages of Iran
2050:) acquired the title first of
1:
4306:. providence. 3 August 2020.
4288:. providence. 3 August 2020.
4271:. JewishPress. 29 June 2021.
3853:"Iran's Oppressed Christians"
2792:
2541:Beginning in the 1970s, some
2537:Christian converts from Islam
2208:Ottoman–Safavid War (1603–18)
2185:Chaldean Patriarch of Babylon
2116:. From the mid-13th century,
2082:
1874:. However, a quite different
4024:Religious Minorities in Iran
3388:Statistical Centre of Iran:
3369:Statistical Centre of Iran:
3350:Statistical Centre of Iran:
3331:Statistical Centre of Iran:
1392:(3,900 adherents as of 2014)
7:
5508:Assyrian Pentecostal Church
5503:Assyrian Evangelical Church
5496:Armenian Brotherhood Church
5491:Armenian Evangelical Church
5468:Assyrian Church of the East
4710:Iranian Christian resources
4665:, HarperOne, New York, 2008
3290:. Lexington Books. p.
2949:"Current Chaldean Dioceses"
2715:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2348:Significant immigration of
2308:Greek church of Virgin Mary
2197:Assyrian Church of the East
1417:Assyrian Pentecostal Church
1407:Assyrian Evangelical Church
1374:Assyrian Church of the East
10:
5724:
4028:Cambridge University Press
3899:(5): 81–92. Archived from
3451:. Routledge. p. 354.
3282:Gorder, Christian (2010).
3040:Susan Paul Pattie (1997).
2953:www.catholic-hierarchy.org
2110:Islamic conquest of Persia
1988:of India and erecting the
1569:
1463:
5663:
5612:
5521:
5476:
5458:
5450:Armenian Apostolic Church
5440:
5410:
5342:
5301:
5261:
5003:
4937:
4891:
4811:
4795:
4788:
4781:
4581:10.1163/15733831-12341380
4022:Sanasarian, Eliz (2000).
3973:Rabiipour, Saiid (2009).
3561:10.1163/15733831-12341380
2978:US State Dept 2022 report
2656:St. Sarkis Church, Tehran
2518:On 2 February 2018, four
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2360:. However, most of those
2201:Armenian Apostolic Church
1902:, and, in various modern
1890:owed much to preexistent
1368:Armenian Apostolic Church
41:
36:
31:
26:
5650:Persian Bible Dictionary
5513:Anglican Diocese of Iran
5430:Chaldean Catholic Church
5425:Armenian Catholic Church
5063:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
3407:10 February 2018 at the
3255:3 September 2017 at the
2629:Johns Hopkins University
2323:Russian Church of Qazvin
2270:West Azerbaijan Province
2193:Chaldean Catholic Church
1956:Christianity throughout
1433:Anglican Diocese of Iran
1396:Armenian Catholic Church
1390:Chaldean Catholic Church
131:Central African Republic
5675:Christianity portal
5420:Catholic Church in Iran
5324:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
4658:Continuum, London, 2008
4633:Operation World Website
4269:"Iran's Christian Boom"
3338:29 October 2013 at the
3083:10.3167/ame.2009.040205
2752:Catholic Church in Iran
1986:Saint Thomas Christians
1894:communities and to the
1680:Razhden the Protomartyr
1576:Maphrianate of the East
1338:Christian denominations
1221:Christianity portal
64:Christianity by country
5589:William McElwee Miller
5574:Ralph Cooper Hutchison
4725:27 August 2010 at the
4701:www. christforiran.com
4697:Iranian Virtual Church
4624:Moffett, Samuel Hugh,
3962:. Grand Rapids: Baker.
3958:Nasser, David (2009).
3772:Afshari, Reza (2011).
3734:Afshari, Reza (2011).
3420:University of Maryland
3125:Cite journal requires
2657:
2326:
2314:
2300:
2159:In 1445 a part of the
1964:, and from there into
1834:
1814:
1507:"Christianity in Iran"
1333:
1324:The Armenian Orthodox
701:Bosnia and Herzegovina
75:
5539:Joseph Gallup Cochran
4997:Christianity in Asia
4514:. 28 September 2009.
3960:Jumping through Fires
3316:31 March 2015 at the
2655:
2609:Satellite TV networks
2337:in the 1980s and the
2320:
2306:
2294:
1820:
1793:
1323:
1023:Saint Kitts and Nevis
291:São Tomé and Príncipe
151:Republic of the Congo
74:
5708:Christianity in Iran
5404:Christianity in Iran
5238:United Arab Emirates
4739:Christchurch Teheran
4706:2 March 2009 at the
4689:www. IranChurches.ir
3995:. 12 February 2015.
3621:. 28 February 2008.
3445:Barry Rubin (2015).
3430:4 March 2016 at the
3376:18 June 2013 at the
3357:18 June 2013 at the
3010:Encyclopædia Iranica
2862:Christianity in Iran
2279:In 1918, during the
2256:(1914–1924) and the
2046:(the capital of the
1928:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
1840:Acts of the Apostles
1492:improve this article
1272:under its different
1258:Christianity in Iran
652:United Arab Emirates
5529:Mary Bruins Allison
5265:limited recognition
4733:www. gilakmedia.com
4720:www. Irankelisa.com
4643:5 June 2011 at the
4575:(1). Brill: 66–86.
3906:on 29 October 2013.
3893:St Francis Magazine
3823:The Washington Post
3802:2 July 2017 at the
2898:on 31 December 2013
2837:on 31 December 2013
2730:Christianity portal
2705:Freedom of religion
2689:, Bakhtiari, Luri,
2555:Haik Hovsepian Mehr
2295:Saint Mary Park in
1984:, establishing the
1937:From Persian-ruled
1888:Syriac Christianity
1340:are represented in
1316:Major denominations
1038:Trinidad and Tobago
933:Antigua and Barbuda
23:
5460:Church of the East
5442:Oriental Orthodoxy
4512:www.gilakmedia.com
4231:on 1 November 2020
4083:has generic name (
3858:The New York Times
3003:(17 August 2011).
2892:Christian Examiner
2831:Christian Examiner
2658:
2574:change their faith
2563:Iranian Revolution
2327:
2315:
2301:
2165:Church of the East
2144:conquered Persia,
2033:Church of the East
1835:
1815:
1572:Church of the East
1334:
973:Dominican Republic
76:
21:
5695:
5694:
5486:Jama'at-e Rabbani
5370:
5369:
5307:other territories
4963:
4962:
4933:
4932:
4929:
4928:
4887:
4886:
4668:Römer, Benedikt,
4661:Jenkins, Philip,
4620:by Massoume Price
4609:978-1-78074-308-0
4458:. 21 January 2020
3975:Farewell to Islam
3926:Global Missiology
3861:. 14 March 2014.
3786:978-0-8122-2139-8
3748:978-0-8122-2139-8
3458:978-1-317-45578-3
3196:978-0-8135-6164-6
3157:978-1-4128-3592-3
3001:Hewsen, Robert H.
2777:Iranian Assyrians
2772:Iranian Armenians
2601:Jammiat-e Rabbani
2597:Youcef Nadarkhani
2551:Assemblies of God
2497:
2496:
2362:Assyrians in Iran
2287:Current situation
2258:Armenian genocide
2254:Assyrian genocide
2163:Aramaic-speaking
2142:Timur (Tamerlane)
2017:Battle of Avarayr
1837:According to the
1724:Teresia Sampsonia
1568:
1567:
1560:
1542:
1427:Assemblies of God
1423:Jamaʿat-e Rabbani
1306:Christian mission
1255:
1254:
558:
166:Equatorial Guinea
56:
55:
5715:
5685:
5684:
5683:
5673:
5672:
5579:Samuel M. Jordan
5397:
5390:
5383:
5374:
5373:
5360:
5350:
5349:
5319:Christmas Island
5005:Sovereign states
4990:
4983:
4976:
4967:
4966:
4896:
4895:
4793:
4792:
4786:
4785:
4775:Religion in Iran
4768:
4761:
4754:
4745:
4744:
4613:
4584:
4550:
4545:
4539:
4534:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4504:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4474:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4448:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4423:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4398:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4347:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4317:
4311:
4310:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4282:
4276:
4275:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4238:
4236:
4221:
4215:
4214:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4138:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4082:
4078:
4076:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4044:
4038:
4020:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4004:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3938:
3923:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3890:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3835:
3826:. Archived from
3813:
3807:
3794:
3788:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3756:
3750:
3732:
3721:
3720:
3714:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3696:
3689:
3681:
3675:
3674:
3668:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3647:. Archived from
3641:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3484:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3442:
3436:
3417:
3411:
3398:
3392:
3386:
3380:
3367:
3361:
3348:
3342:
3329:
3320:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3289:
3279:
3273:
3266:
3260:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3128:
3123:
3121:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3024:
3022:
2997:
2991:
2986:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2919:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2864:. FarsiNet Inc.
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2787:Religion in Iran
2746:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2732:
2727:
2726:
2567:Iranian diaspora
2492:
2491:
2470:
2469:
2448:
2447:
2426:
2425:
2368:
2367:
2358:post-Saddam Iraq
2281:Persian Campaign
2247:Persian language
2084:
2029:Nestorian schism
2021:resultant treaty
1949:activity spread
1896:Aramaic language
1876:Semitic-speaking
1778:
1764:
1748:
1734:
1720:
1704:
1690:
1676:
1660:
1646:
1632:
1616:
1602:
1588:
1563:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1500:
1476:
1468:
1458:U.K. Home Office
1247:
1240:
1233:
1219:
1218:
1103:Papua New Guinea
1078:Marshall Islands
901:Northern Ireland
554:
60:
59:
51:Aramaic (Syriac)
27:Total population
24:
20:
5723:
5722:
5718:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5713:
5712:
5698:
5697:
5696:
5691:
5687:Iran portal
5681:
5679:
5667:
5659:
5608:
5549:Nancy Jane Dean
5517:
5472:
5454:
5436:
5412:Catholic Church
5406:
5401:
5371:
5366:
5338:
5306:
5297:
5278:Northern Cyprus
5264:
5257:
4999:
4994:
4964:
4959:
4938:Other religions
4925:
4883:
4807:
4777:
4772:
4727:Wayback Machine
4714:A Cry from Iran
4708:Wayback Machine
4679:
4654:Bradley, Mark,
4645:Wayback Machine
4610:
4569:Mission Studies
4559:
4557:Further reading
4554:
4553:
4546:
4542:
4535:
4531:
4521:
4519:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4491:
4489:
4476:
4475:
4471:
4461:
4459:
4450:
4449:
4445:
4435:
4433:
4425:
4424:
4420:
4410:
4408:
4400:
4399:
4395:
4385:
4383:
4375:
4374:
4370:
4360:
4358:
4349:
4348:
4344:
4334:
4332:
4319:
4318:
4314:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4284:
4283:
4279:
4267:
4266:
4262:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4234:
4232:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4175:. 12 May 2014.
4167:
4166:
4162:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4136:
4132:
4131:
4127:
4117:
4115:
4096:
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4080:
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4070:
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4021:
4012:
4002:
4000:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3971:
3967:
3956:
3952:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3921:
3915:
3911:
3903:
3888:
3882:
3878:
3868:
3866:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3833:
3831:
3814:
3810:
3804:Wayback Machine
3795:
3791:
3771:
3767:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3733:
3724:
3708:
3707:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3687:
3685:"Archived copy"
3683:
3682:
3678:
3662:
3661:
3654:
3652:
3651:on 7 April 2019
3645:"Archived copy"
3643:
3642:
3638:
3628:
3626:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3596:
3594:
3579:
3575:
3565:
3563:
3549:Mission Studies
3541:
3537:
3527:
3525:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3497:
3495:
3486:
3485:
3478:
3468:
3466:
3459:
3443:
3439:
3432:Wayback Machine
3418:
3414:
3409:Wayback Machine
3399:
3395:
3387:
3383:
3378:Wayback Machine
3368:
3364:
3359:Wayback Machine
3349:
3345:
3340:Wayback Machine
3330:
3323:
3318:Wayback Machine
3303:
3299:
3280:
3276:
3267:
3263:
3257:Wayback Machine
3246:
3242:
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2825:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2800:
2795:
2742:
2737:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2718:
2707:
2650:
2539:
2289:
2181:Yohannan Sulaqa
2177:Pope Julius III
2171:(mostly in the
2169:Catholic Church
2048:Sassanid Empire
1990:Nestorian Stele
1932:Senaya language
1904:Eastern Aramaic
1823:Mar Toma church
1799:West Azerbaijan
1788:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1712:
1711:
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1705:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1668:
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1653:
1652:
1647:
1639:
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1633:
1624:
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1609:
1608:
1603:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1578:
1564:
1553:
1547:
1544:
1501:
1499:
1489:
1477:
1466:
1440:Operation World
1380:Catholic Church
1318:
1274:state religions
1251:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1143:
1133:
1132:
1113:Solomon Islands
1058:
1048:
1047:
928:
918:
917:
821:North Macedonia
671:
661:
660:
563:
543:
542:
371:
361:
360:
86:
32:300,000–370,000
19:
12:
11:
5:
5721:
5711:
5710:
5693:
5692:
5690:
5689:
5677:
5664:
5661:
5660:
5658:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5616:
5614:
5610:
5609:
5607:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5594:Justin Perkins
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5544:Joseph Cochran
5541:
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5470:
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5444:
5438:
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5433:
5432:
5427:
5416:
5414:
5408:
5407:
5400:
5399:
5392:
5385:
5377:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5354:
5343:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5310:
5308:
5299:
5298:
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5285:
5280:
5275:
5269:
5267:
5259:
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5256:
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5245:
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5235:
5230:
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5220:
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5205:
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5180:
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5170:
5165:
5160:
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5150:
5145:
5140:
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5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
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5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5009:
5007:
5001:
5000:
4993:
4992:
4985:
4978:
4970:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4941:
4939:
4935:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4902:
4900:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4881:
4879:Zoroastrianism
4876:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4826:
4815:
4813:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4799:
4797:
4790:
4783:
4779:
4778:
4771:
4770:
4763:
4756:
4748:
4742:
4741:
4736:
4730:
4717:
4711:
4698:
4692:
4686:
4678:
4677:External links
4675:
4674:
4673:
4666:
4659:
4652:
4647:
4635:
4629:
4622:
4614:
4608:
4596:Foltz, Richard
4592:
4585:
4558:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4540:
4529:
4499:
4478:"موقدّس کئتاب"
4469:
4443:
4418:
4393:
4368:
4357:. 24 June 2024
4342:
4327:. 4 May 2019.
4312:
4295:
4277:
4260:
4246:
4216:
4198:
4181:
4160:
4146:
4125:
4090:
4039:
4010:
3980:
3965:
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3876:
3844:
3808:
3789:
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3722:
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3573:
3535:
3505:
3476:
3457:
3437:
3412:
3393:
3381:
3362:
3343:
3321:
3297:
3274:
3261:
3259:Britannica.com
3240:
3214:
3195:
3175:
3156:
3136:
3127:|journal=
3088:
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2717:
2714:
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2649:
2646:
2538:
2535:
2520:United Nations
2505:representation
2495:
2494:
2486:
2483:
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2477:
2473:
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2458:
2455:
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2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2288:
2285:
2187:in 1553. Most
2173:Ottoman Empire
2019:(451) and the
1910:Christians in
1780:
1773:
1772:
1766:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1742:
1736:
1729:
1728:
1722:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1706:
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1685:
1684:
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1669:
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1641:
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1634:
1627:
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1625:
1618:
1611:
1610:
1604:
1597:
1596:
1590:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1566:
1565:
1480:
1478:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1420:
1414:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1393:
1377:
1371:
1326:Vank Cathedral
1317:
1314:
1284:, followed by
1280:in historical
1278:Zoroastrianism
1253:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1235:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
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1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
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1144:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
929:
924:
923:
920:
919:
916:
915:
914:
913:
908:
903:
898:
891:United Kingdom
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
672:
667:
666:
663:
662:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
562:
561:
560:
559:
549:
548:
545:
544:
541:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
449:
448:
443:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
372:
367:
366:
363:
362:
359:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
87:
82:
81:
78:
77:
67:
66:
54:
53:
39:
38:
34:
33:
29:
28:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5720:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5688:
5678:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5665:
5662:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5611:
5605:
5604:Edward Stuart
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5524:
5520:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5478:Protestantism
5475:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5457:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5443:
5439:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5413:
5409:
5405:
5398:
5393:
5391:
5386:
5384:
5379:
5378:
5375:
5363:
5359:
5355:
5353:
5345:
5344:
5341:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5304:
5300:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5288:South Ossetia
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5266:
5260:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4991:
4986:
4984:
4979:
4977:
4972:
4971:
4968:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4936:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4897:
4894:
4890:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4850:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4794:
4791:
4787:
4784:
4780:
4776:
4769:
4764:
4762:
4757:
4755:
4750:
4749:
4746:
4740:
4737:
4734:
4731:
4728:
4724:
4721:
4718:
4715:
4712:
4709:
4705:
4702:
4699:
4696:
4695:Online Kelisa
4693:
4690:
4687:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4627:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4561:
4560:
4549:
4544:
4538:
4533:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4503:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4473:
4457:
4453:
4447:
4432:
4428:
4422:
4407:
4403:
4397:
4382:
4378:
4372:
4356:
4352:
4346:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4309:
4305:
4299:
4292:
4287:
4281:
4274:
4270:
4264:
4256:
4250:
4243:
4230:
4226:
4220:
4213:
4208:
4202:
4195:
4191:
4185:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4164:
4156:
4150:
4143:
4135:
4129:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4094:
4086:
4074:
4058:
4054:
4050:
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4037:
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3830:on 2 May 2019
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2642:
2641:Mahmoud Alavi
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2614:
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2606:
2605:Saeed Abedini
2602:
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2579:
2578:death penalty
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2513:Barnabas Fund
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2335:Iran–Iraq War
2333:. Due to the
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2014:
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2002:
2001:Constantine I
1997:
1995:
1991:
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1983:
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1872:Mediterranean
1869:
1868:apostolic age
1864:
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1769:
1768:Abdas of Susa
1763:
1753:
1752:Shams Pahlavi
1747:
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1509: –
1508:
1504:
1503:Find sources:
1497:
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1486:
1481:This article
1479:
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1438:According to
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1294:Arab conquest
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1043:United States
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926:North America
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781:Liechtenstein
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206:Guinea-Bissau
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52:
48:
44:
40:
35:
30:
25:
16:
5584:Henry Martyn
5569:James Hawkes
5564:Asahel Grant
5559:Fidelia Fisk
5554:Valpy French
5522:Missionaries
5403:
5303:Dependencies
5233:Turkmenistan
5198:Saudi Arabia
5087:
4911:Baháʼí Faith
4892:Unrecognized
4852:Christianity
4851:
4669:
4662:
4655:
4625:
4617:
4599:
4588:
4572:
4568:
4543:
4532:
4520:. Retrieved
4511:
4502:
4490:. Retrieved
4481:
4472:
4460:. Retrieved
4455:
4446:
4434:. Retrieved
4430:
4421:
4409:. Retrieved
4405:
4396:
4384:. Retrieved
4380:
4371:
4359:. Retrieved
4354:
4345:
4333:. Retrieved
4315:
4307:
4298:
4289:
4280:
4272:
4263:
4249:
4240:
4233:. Retrieved
4229:the original
4219:
4210:
4201:
4193:
4184:
4176:
4173:The Guardian
4172:
4163:
4149:
4140:
4128:
4116:. Retrieved
4107:
4103:
4093:
4061:. Retrieved
4053:the Guardian
4052:
4042:
4023:
4001:. Retrieved
3992:
3983:
3974:
3968:
3959:
3953:
3941:. Retrieved
3929:
3925:
3912:
3901:the original
3896:
3892:
3879:
3867:. Retrieved
3856:
3847:
3839:
3832:. Retrieved
3828:the original
3821:
3811:
3792:
3780:, p. 140f.,
3773:
3768:
3754:
3735:
3699:. Retrieved
3679:
3653:. Retrieved
3649:the original
3639:
3627:. Retrieved
3616:
3607:
3595:. Retrieved
3586:
3576:
3564:. Retrieved
3555:(1): 66–86.
3552:
3548:
3538:
3526:. Retrieved
3517:
3508:
3496:. Retrieved
3467:. Retrieved
3447:
3440:
3423:
3415:
3396:
3384:
3365:
3346:
3306:Tehran Times
3304:
3300:
3285:
3277:
3269:
3264:
3248:
3243:
3231:. Retrieved
3217:
3205:. Retrieved
3185:
3178:
3166:. Retrieved
3146:
3139:
3118:cite journal
3106:. Retrieved
3091:
3077:(2): 52–74.
3074:
3070:
3064:
3055:
3041:
3035:
3026:
3019:. Retrieved
3008:
2995:
2984:
2973:
2961:. Retrieved
2952:
2943:
2931:. Retrieved
2900:. Retrieved
2896:the original
2891:
2882:
2870:. Retrieved
2861:
2851:
2839:. Retrieved
2835:the original
2830:
2821:
2711:
2708:
2676:
2669:
2659:
2638:
2626:
2618:
2586:
2572:Muslims who
2571:
2540:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2517:
2498:
2347:
2328:
2278:
2251:
2242:missionaries
2236:
2205:
2184:
2179:consecrated
2158:
2104:
2092:
2068:
1998:
1994:Daqin Pagoda
1982:Central Asia
1951:Eastern-Rite
1936:
1918:, southeast
1914:, northeast
1880:Roman Empire
1865:
1838:
1836:
1554:
1545:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1502:
1490:Please help
1485:verification
1482:
1455:
1452:
1437:
1411:Presbyterian
1400:Latin Church
1362:
1336:A number of
1335:
1264:, predating
1257:
1256:
637:Saudi Arabia
591:
528:Turkmenistan
316:South Africa
306:Sierra Leone
111:Burkina Faso
57:
18:Ethnic group
15:
5362:Asia portal
5263:States with
5183:Philippines
5123:South Korea
5118:North Korea
5013:Afghanistan
4824:Zaydi Shi'a
4803:Islam, Shia
4325:Radio Farda
4142:background.
4081:|last=
3943:19 November
3797:Mehdi Dibaj
3701:25 February
3655:25 February
3618:Der Spiegel
3108:19 November
2744:Iran portal
2683:Mazanderani
2592:Mehdi Dibaj
2588:Pentecostal
2479:75,149,669
2457:70,495,782
2435:60,055,488
2413:49,445,010
2396:33,708,744
2377:Christians
2266:World War I
2228:Circassians
2146:Mesopotamia
2066:hierarchy.
2054:, and then
2013:Hormizd III
1962:Mesopotamia
1926:today (see
1866:During the
1843:there were
1448:Evangelical
1290:Middle Ages
1286:Sunni Islam
1093:New Zealand
1028:Saint Lucia
978:El Salvador
881:Switzerland
816:Netherlands
556:Middle East
498:Philippines
446:South Korea
441:North Korea
376:Afghanistan
321:South Sudan
211:Ivory Coast
5243:Uzbekistan
5218:Tajikistan
5133:Kyrgyzstan
5113:Kazakhstan
5033:Bangladesh
5023:Azerbaijan
4899:Minorities
4812:Minorities
4789:Recognized
4118:30 October
3742:, p. 140,
3057:Christian.
3051:1560986298
2872:1 December
2841:1 December
2793:References
2582:Open Doors
2543:Protestant
2509:parliament
2239:Protestant
2154:Asia Minor
2100:Marco Polo
2052:catholicos
1996:in China.
1970:Asia Minor
1947:missionary
1943:Assuristan
1807:Saint Jude
1708:Eustathius
1650:Asyncritus
1570:See also:
1518:newspapers
1444:Protestant
1300:since the
1298:Shia Islam
1292:after the
1083:Micronesia
958:Costa Rica
851:San Marino
811:Montenegro
791:Luxembourg
572:Azerbaijan
533:Uzbekistan
518:Tajikistan
453:Kyrgyzstan
431:Kazakhstan
406:East Timor
381:Bangladesh
301:Seychelles
266:Mozambique
251:Mauritania
236:Madagascar
126:Cape Verde
5640:New Julfa
5599:Eli Smith
5534:Mary Bird
5329:Hong Kong
5283:Palestine
5208:Sri Lanka
5203:Singapore
5083:Indonesia
4921:Yarsanism
4916:Mandaeism
4782:Religions
4522:26 August
4492:26 August
4482:korpu.net
4456:jpost.com
4406:state.gov
4063:26 August
4030:, p. 44,
4003:6 October
3834:5 October
3629:2 January
3566:18 August
3528:29 August
3498:29 August
3469:25 August
3207:25 August
3168:25 August
3005:"AVARAYR"
2933:26 August
2670:Multiple
2621:Catholics
2503:foods),
2350:Assyrians
2331:Armenians
2224:Georgians
2220:New Julfa
2216:Armenians
2122:Ilkhanate
2088:Mar Aba I
2071:Khosrau I
2064:Byzantine
2056:patriarch
2044:Ctesiphon
2036:heretical
2009:Shapur II
1857:Pentecost
1849:Parthians
1821:Assyrian
1811:Armenians
1636:Tiridates
1548:July 2015
1425:(Iranian
1354:Assyrians
1350:Armenians
1203:Venezuela
1148:Argentina
1063:Australia
1013:Nicaragua
988:Guatemala
786:Lithuania
627:Palestine
508:Sri Lanka
503:Singapore
421:Indonesia
411:Hong Kong
256:Mauritius
37:Languages
5702:Category
5613:See also
5352:Category
5273:Abkhazia
5223:Thailand
5178:Pakistan
5158:Mongolia
5153:Maldives
5148:Malaysia
5048:Cambodia
4950:Hinduism
4945:Buddhism
4867:Chaldean
4862:Assyrian
4857:Armenian
4796:Official
4723:Archived
4704:Archived
4683:FarsiNet
4641:Archived
4598:(2013).
4516:Archived
4486:Archived
4329:Archived
4112:Archived
4073:cite web
4057:Archived
3997:Archived
3977:. Xulon.
3934:Archived
3863:Archived
3800:Archived
3711:cite web
3692:Archived
3665:cite web
3623:Archived
3597:11 April
3591:Archived
3522:Archived
3492:Archived
3463:Archived
3428:Archived
3405:Archived
3374:Archived
3355:Archived
3336:Archived
3314:Archived
3253:Archived
3249:Orūmīyeh
3227:Archived
3201:Archived
3162:Archived
3102:Archived
3100:: 1–16.
3015:Archived
2989:Acts 2:9
2957:Archived
2927:Archived
2902:19 March
2866:Archived
2716:See also
2695:Kurmanji
2665:Assyrian
2661:Armenian
2482:117,704
2460:109,415
2399:168,593
2189:Assyrian
2161:Assyrian
2138:Armenian
2130:Assyrian
2128:(mostly
2114:Crusades
2075:Nushizad
2025:Armenian
2005:Sassanid
1992:and the
1978:Caucasus
1908:Assyrian
1845:Persians
1809:. Local
1664:Maruthas
1346:churches
1310:churches
1193:Suriname
1183:Paraguay
1168:Colombia
1073:Kiribati
998:Honduras
968:Dominica
943:Barbados
906:Scotland
866:Slovenia
861:Slovakia
836:Portugal
706:Bulgaria
523:Thailand
493:Pakistan
478:Mongolia
473:Maldives
468:Malaysia
396:Cambodia
356:Zimbabwe
331:Tanzania
181:Ethiopia
176:Eswatini
156:Djibouti
121:Cameroon
106:Botswana
47:Armenian
5248:Vietnam
5163:Myanmar
5143:Lebanon
5073:Georgia
5028:Bahrain
5018:Armenia
4955:Sikhism
4906:Atheism
4874:Judaism
4845:Hanbali
4835:Shafi'i
4828:Sunni:
4462:7 April
4436:7 April
4411:7 April
4386:7 April
4361:24 June
3869:28 June
3233:11 July
3223:"Urmia"
3021:11 July
2963:20 July
2691:Kurdish
2559:Persian
2553:bishop
2485:0.157%
2463:0.155%
2441:0.131%
2438:78,745
2419:0.197%
2416:97,557
2402:0.500%
2371:Census
2343:Armenia
2262:Ottoman
2212:Abbas I
2210:, king
2134:Aramaic
2126:ghettos
1958:Assyria
1939:Assyria
1882:and in
1620:Bademus
1592:Gregory
1532:scholar
1464:History
1330:Safavid
1296:, then
1288:in the
1198:Uruguay
1173:Ecuador
1153:Bolivia
1128:Vanuatu
1056:Oceania
1003:Jamaica
983:Grenada
938:Bahamas
896:England
886:Ukraine
841:Romania
801:Moldova
761:Ireland
756:Iceland
751:Hungary
741:Germany
731:Finland
726:Estonia
721:Denmark
716:Czechia
711:Croatia
696:Belgium
691:Belarus
686:Austria
681:Andorra
676:Albania
617:Lebanon
587:Georgia
577:Bahrain
567:Armenia
538:Vietnam
483:Myanmar
341:Tunisia
311:Somalia
296:Senegal
281:Nigeria
271:Namibia
261:Morocco
226:Liberia
221:Lesotho
171:Eritrea
141:Comoros
116:Burundi
91:Algeria
43:Persian
5293:Taiwan
5228:Turkey
5193:Russia
5128:Kuwait
5108:Jordan
5098:Israel
5058:Cyprus
5043:Brunei
5038:Bhutan
4840:Maliki
4830:Hanafi
4606:
4431:dw.com
4381:gov.uk
4335:8 June
4235:25 May
4034:
3784:
3746:
3587:DW.COM
3455:
3193:
3154:
3048:
3028:chose.
2923:"Iran"
2699:Sorani
2687:Gilaki
2547:Syriac
2374:Total
2312:Tehran
2299:(2011)
2297:Tehran
2152:, and
2136:- and
2118:Mongol
2079:Edessa
2040:bishop
2038:. The
1976:, the
1966:Persia
1954:Syriac
1930:, and
1920:Turkey
1892:Jewish
1884:Persia
1606:Mirian
1534:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1505:
1282:Persia
1178:Guyana
1158:Brazil
1123:Tuvalu
1018:Panama
1008:Mexico
953:Canada
948:Belize
876:Sweden
856:Serbia
846:Russia
831:Poland
826:Norway
806:Monaco
776:Latvia
771:Kosovo
746:Greece
736:France
669:Europe
647:Turkey
612:Kuwait
607:Jordan
602:Israel
582:Cyprus
513:Taiwan
391:Brunei
386:Bhutan
351:Zambia
346:Uganda
286:Rwanda
241:Malawi
201:Guinea
191:Gambia
96:Angola
84:Africa
5334:Macau
5253:Yemen
5213:Syria
5188:Qatar
5168:Nepal
5103:Japan
5078:India
5068:Egypt
5053:China
4819:Islam
4137:(PDF)
4110:: 8.
3937:(PDF)
3932:(3).
3922:(PDF)
3904:(PDF)
3889:(PDF)
3695:(PDF)
3688:(PDF)
2679:Azeri
2633:Islam
2599:, an
2501:halal
2476:2011
2471:+39%
2454:2006
2449:−19%
2432:1996
2427:−42%
2410:1986
2393:1976
2352:from
2274:Urmia
2232:Qajar
2150:Syria
2060:Roman
1974:Syria
1916:Syria
1900:Jesus
1853:Medes
1827:Urmia
1825:near
1738:Josef
1694:James
1539:JSTOR
1525:books
1384:rites
1266:Islam
1262:Jesus
1163:Chile
1118:Tonga
1108:Samoa
1098:Palau
1088:Nauru
993:Haiti
911:Wales
871:Spain
796:Malta
766:Italy
657:Yemen
642:Syria
632:Qatar
488:Nepal
463:Macau
436:Korea
426:Japan
416:India
401:China
326:Sudan
276:Niger
231:Libya
216:Kenya
196:Ghana
186:Gabon
161:Egypt
101:Benin
5173:Oman
5138:Laos
5093:Iraq
5088:Iran
4604:ISBN
4524:2021
4494:2021
4464:2023
4438:2023
4413:2023
4388:2023
4363:2024
4337:2019
4237:2022
4120:2015
4085:help
4065:2021
4032:ISBN
4005:2017
3945:2012
3871:2014
3836:2011
3782:ISBN
3744:ISBN
3717:link
3703:2018
3671:link
3657:2018
3631:2018
3599:2018
3568:2015
3530:2020
3500:2020
3471:2017
3453:ISBN
3235:2015
3209:2017
3191:ISBN
3170:2017
3152:ISBN
3131:help
3110:2012
3046:ISBN
3023:2015
2965:2016
2935:2021
2904:2015
2874:2009
2843:2009
2697:and
2663:and
2493:+8%
2405:...
2380:+/−
2354:Iraq
2321:The
2226:and
2107:Arab
2105:The
1980:and
1960:and
1924:Iraq
1922:and
1912:Iran
1861:Iran
1851:and
1831:Iran
1803:Iran
1574:and
1511:news
1398:and
1352:and
1342:Iran
1332:era.
1270:Iran
1188:Peru
1068:Fiji
963:Cuba
622:Oman
597:Iraq
592:Iran
458:Laos
369:Asia
336:Togo
246:Mali
136:Chad
5305:and
4577:doi
3993:TBN
3557:doi
3079:doi
2701:).
2631:, “
2613:TBN
2507:in
2249:).
2183:as
2042:of
1945:),
1934:).
1494:by
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4573:32
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