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401:, as the motivating factors in her brother's desire to "disappear" into the wilderness. In a statement released to the media shortly before the memoir was released, Walt and Billie McCandless denied their daughter's accusations, stating that her book is "fictionalized writing has absolutely nothing to do with our beloved son, Chris, his journey or his character. This whole unfortunate event in Chris's life 22 years ago is about Chris and his dreams."
518:, although his sister Carine recalls how one night, as a teenager, McCandless drunkenly attempted to bring a girl up to his room, which awakened his mother Billie, who sent the girl home. While staying in Niland Slabs, a seventeen-year-old girl named Tracy pursued McCandless romantically; however, McCandless rejected her advances. Wayne Westerburg recalls McCandless stating that he hoped to get married and have a family in his future.
645:. Finding Mexico intimidating, with no way to support himself, he attempted to re-enter the U.S. and was arrested for carrying a firearm at a border checkpoint. McCandless was briefly held in custody but released without charges after his gun was confiscated. Following this experience in Mexico, McCandless began hitchhiking north, eventually winding up back in South Dakota.
661:, with several other sightings in Fairbanks. McCandless was stated to be traveling with a "big backpack" and would give a false name if asked his identity. He was described as very suspicious of people around him, unkempt, and smelling due to lack of hygiene. One witness described McCandless as "generally strange, weird, with a weird energy".
969:, said, "I tore that plant apart. There were no toxins. No alkaloids. I'd eat it myself." Further, there are no accounts in modern medical literature of a person being poisoned by this species of plant. Power argued that McCandless "couldn't catch enough food to survive, and simply starved to death".
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When you consider McCandless from my perspective, you quickly see that what he did wasn't even particularly daring, just stupid, tragic, and inconsiderate. First off, he spent very little time learning how to actually live in the wild. He arrived at the
Stampede Trail without even a map of the area.
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McCandless's final written journal entry, noted as "Day 107", simply read, "BEAUTIFUL BLUE BERRIES." Days 108 through 112 contained no words and were marked only with slashes, and on Day 113, there was no entry. The exact date and time of his death are unknown. Near the time of his death, McCandless
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disabled his car. Fearful of fines or possibly even arrest due to lack of a valid license, registration, and insurance, McCandless removed the car's license plates, took what he could carry, and kept moving on foot. His car was later found, repaired, and put into service as an undercover vehicle for
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analysis. Results showed that the seeds contained 0.394% beta-ODAP by weight, a concentration well within the levels known to cause lathyrism in humans, although the interpretation of the results has been disputed by other chemists. The article notes that while occasional ingestion of foodstuffs
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Before I go any further, I should say that Pete is a really good guy But with that said, I think Pete is very, very wrong. Because I am in the unique position as both an
Alaskan park ranger and a person who is, in many ways, like Chris McCandless, I feel I can speak with some authority on the
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As
Krakauer points out, McCandless's field guide did not warn of any dangers of eating the seeds, which were not known to be toxic when the guide was published. Krakauer suspects this is the meaning of McCandless's journal entry of July 30, which states, "EXTREMELY WEAK. FAULT OF POT SEED. MUCH
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On
September 6, 1992, a group of hunters who were looking for shelter for the night came upon the converted bus where McCandless had been staying. Upon entering, they smelled what they thought was rotting food and discovered "a lump" in a sleeping bag in the back of the bus. The hunters radioed
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Medred disputes
Krakauer's account of the Teklanika's flooding: "Krakauer claims McCandless 'noted in his journal that it rained for a week straight.' The journal contains no such note. Krakauer claimed it was this period of rain that caused flooding and prevented McCandless from crossing the
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Among my friends and acquaintances, the story of
Christopher McCandless makes great after-dinner conversation. Much of the time I agree with the "he had a death wish" camp because I don't know how else to reconcile what we know of his ordeal. Now and then I venture into the "what a dumbshit"
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was abandoned by road workers in 1961 on the
Stampede Trail. A plaque in McCandless's memory was affixed to the interior by his father, Walt McCandless. McCandless's life became the subject of numerous articles, books, films, and documentaries, which helped elevate his life to the status of
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Krakauer defends McCandless, claiming that what critics point to as arrogance was merely McCandless's desire for "being the first to explore a blank spot on the map." He continues: "In 1992, however, there were no more blank spots on the map—not in Alaska, not anywhere. But Chris, with his
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Attention
Possible Visitors. S.O.S. I need your help. I am injured, near death, and too weak to hike out. I am all alone, this is no joke. In the name of God, please remain to save me. I am out collecting berries close by and shall return this evening. Thank you, Chris McCandless.
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Teklanika River and walking to safety. Weather records for nearby Denali
National Park and Preserve show no heavy rains for what Krakauer specifies as the period of time in question. ... The McCandless family book has a picture of the Teklanika. It is nowhere near full flood."
803:. However, the meat spoiled within days after he failed in his efforts to preserve it. McCandless would experience profound regret as a result of this experience, expressing in a journal entry “I now wish I had never shot the moose. One of the greatest tragedies of my life.”
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announced it was the permanent home of McCandless's "Magic Bus 142", which will be restored and exhibited outdoors. It was exhibited indoors for two years, until
October, 2023, but as of 2024 is being kept in storage until sufficient funds for restoration are raised.
1133:"The Magic Bus" became a pilgrimage destination for trekkers who would camp at the vehicle. Some of these experienced their own difficulties, or even died attempting to cross the Teklanika River. On June 18, 2020, various government agencies coordinated with an
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several cabins in the area that were stocked with food, survival equipment, and emergency supplies. In response, Denali National Park Chief Ranger Ken Kehrer has categorically stated that McCandless was not considered a viable suspect by the
606:. He then navigated the Colorado River, without a permit, and was occasionally pursued by wildlife and park rangers who had heard of his exploits from other river travelers, several of whom had been concerned that McCandless had been seen
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Johnson) and Walter "Walt" McCandless, and had a younger sister named Carine, born in July of 1971. McCandless also had six half-siblings from Walt's first marriage, who lived with their mother in California and later in
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training mission to remove the bus, deemed a public safety issue after at least 15 people had to be rescued and at least two people died while attempting to cross the Teklanika River to reach the bus. It was flown via
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states that extensive laboratory testing showed there were no toxins or alkaloids present in the sweet-vetch seeds McCandless had been eating. Thomas Clausen, then-head of the chemistry and biochemistry department at
641:. After encountering waterfalls, through which he could no longer navigate in a canoe, McCandless abandoned his river journey and spent a few days alone at the village of El Golfo de Santa Clara, in the state of
277:, which he used as a makeshift shelter until his death. In September, his body, weighing only 67 pounds (30 kg), was found inside the bus by a hunter. McCandless's cause of death was officially ruled to be
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Tramping is too easy with all this money. My days were more exciting when I was penniless and had to forage around for my next meal ... I've decided that I'm going to live this life for some time to come.
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article. While the author and many others have a sympathetic view of the young traveler, others, particularly Alaskans, have expressed negative views about McCandless and those who romanticize his fate.
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McCandless's journal documents 113 days in the area. In July, after living in the bus for a little over two months, he decided to head back to civilization, but the trail was blocked by the impassable
630:. The authorities attempted, but never succeeded, in locating McCandless, who was wanted due to his lack of proper river training as well as kayaking on the river without a valid boating license.
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west in an apparent cross-country trip to California. His car was in poor condition and suffered numerous breakdowns as he made his way out of the eastern United States. He also carried no
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team, where he would urge teammates to treat running as a spiritual exercise in which they were "running against the forces of darkness ... all the evil in the world, all the hatred."
412:. He excelled academically, although a number of teachers and fellow students observed that he "marched to the beat of a different drummer." McCandless also served as captain of the
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Krakauer, J., et al. (2015). "Presence of l-canavanine in Hedysarum alpinum seeds and its potential role in the death of Chris McCandless." Wilderness & Environmental Medicine.
2015:
719:, two sandwiches, and a packet of corn chips from Gallien). Gallien dropped McCandless off, believing he would head back towards the highway within a few days as hunger set in.
514:, which has raised questions regarding his sexuality. There is no indication of McCandless having any romantic partners throughout his life, and he is believed to have remained
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on April 28 by a local electrician named Jim Gallien. Gallien, who had given McCandless a ride from Fairbanks to the start of the rugged track just outside the small town of
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territory, tempered by brief alliances with the "he was just another romantic boy on an all-American quest" partisans. Mostly I'm puzzled by the way he's emerged as a hero.
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seeds contained this toxin. The protein would be relatively harmless to someone who was well-nourished, with access to a normal diet, but would be toxic to someone who was
783:; some personal effects and a few items of camping equipment. Self-portrait photographs and journal entries indicate he foraged for edible plants and hunted game including
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and buy him suitable equipment and supplies. However, McCandless ignored Gallien's persistent warnings and refused his offers of assistance (though he did accept a pair of
765:." However, he was deterred by the thick Alaskan bush and returned to the bus, where he set up camp and lived off the land. He had 4.5 kilograms (9.9 lb) of rice; a
687:, later said he had been seriously concerned about the safety of McCandless (who introduced himself as "Alex") after noticing his light pack, minimal equipment, meager
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mountains, where he broke into a closed cabin to steal food, supplies, and money. Throughout the winter of 1990 and in 1991, McCandless appears to have lived in
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mile (800 m) downstream from where he had previously crossed. At this point, McCandless headed back to the bus and re-established his camp. He posted an
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1056:, stress, and acute hunger are especially sensitive to ODAP, and are thus highly susceptible to the incapacitating effects of lathyrism after ingesting the
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1332:, reviews several topics regarding the life, death, and legacy of McCandless and his impact on discussion of wilderness, Alaska, and domestic violence.
1199:, described her trip to the bus with a friend, and their reaction upon reading the comments that tourists had left lauding McCandless as an insightful,
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450:. McCandless was an academic high achiever. After graduating, he donated his college savings of over $ 24,000 (approximately $ 56,000 in 2023) to
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The converted green and white bus where McCandless lived and died became a well-known destination for hikers. Known as "The Magic Bus", the 1946
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McCandless has been a polarizing figure since his story came to widespread public attention with the publication of Krakauer's January 1993
899:(1996), Jon Krakauer proposes two factors which may have contributed to McCandless's death; the first being McCandless running the risk of "
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idiosyncratic logic, came up with an elegant solution to this dilemma: He simply got rid of the map. In his own mind, if nowhere else, the
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subject. McCandless, of course, did not commit suicide. He starved to death, accidentally poisoned himself, or a combination of the two.
826:; the watercourse by that stage was considerably higher and swifter than when he had crossed in April. McCandless did not have a detailed
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helicopter to Healy, then driven via flatbed truck to an undisclosed location. On September 24, 2020, the Museum of the North at the
590:. He worked at this job for the remainder of 1991, until one day suddenly quitting and leaving his supervisor a postcard which read:
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seeds and concluded "it is highly likely that the consumption of H. alpinum seeds contributed to the death of Chris McCandless."
372:. The couple went on to establish a successful consultancy business out of their home, specializing in Walt's area of expertise.
1696:. Eric Johnson, Gail Deutsch, Jasmine Brown, Alexa Valiente and Lauren Effron. ABC News. 9 November 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2022
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997:. He put forward the proposal that McCandless starved to death because he was suffering from paralysis in his legs induced by
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McCandless eventually followed the Colorado River all the way to Mexico, where he crossed the international border through a
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and reconnected with relatives and friends. While he was there, McCandless learned that his father had lived for a time in a
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other cabins when food and money ran low, but only one case was ever positively confirmed by authorities after his death.
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with his second wife; he had also fathered a child with his first wife after the birth of his children by his second wife.
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McCandless had a particular interest in classic literature. According to Krakauer, some of his favorite writers were
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In early 1991, McCandless left the Sierra Nevada and hitchhiked in a circular course south through California, into
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1237:. Chip Brown's full-length article on McCandless, "I Now Walk Into the Wild" (February 8, 1993), was published in
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containing ODAP is not hazardous for healthy individuals eating a balanced diet, "individuals suffering from
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If he had a good map he could have walked out of his predicament Essentially, Chris McCandless committed
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1319:, a memoir of her life. It detailed their abusive home life, providing further context to Chris' actions.
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in dangerous areas of the river with no safety equipment. In all, reports of McCandless were received at
462:, McCandless completed several lengthy wilderness hiking trips and paddled a canoe down a portion of the
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Gallien tried repeatedly to persuade McCandless to delay the trip, at one point offering to detour to
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Krakauer's approximately 9,000-word article "Death of an Innocent" (January 1993) was published in
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2592:"Nearly 30 years after 'Into the Wild' hiker's death, infamous bus removed from Alaska wilderness"
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off the land. On the eastern bank of the Sushana River, McCandless found an abandoned bus,
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In January 1993, Krakauer published an article about McCandless in that month's issue of
1694:'Into the Wild' Chris McCandless' Sister Says He Was Determined to Cut Ties with Parents
903:", officially known as protein poisoning, from over-relying on lean meat for nutrition.
761:. McCandless, according to Krakauer, attempted to continue "heading west until hit the
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McCandless's story was adapted by screenwriter Chip Johannessen into a 1998 episode of
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lifestyle, working when necessary as a restaurant food preparer and farm-hand. An avid
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1126:. He became a romantic figure to some, inspired by what they see as his free-spirited
1030:, physically stressed, and on an irregular and insufficient diet, as McCandless was.
291:. Inspired by the details of McCandless's story, Krakauer wrote the biographical book
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In 2013, a new hypothesis was proposed. Ronald Hamilton, a retired bookbinder at the
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2533:"Helicopter removes 'Into the Wild' bus that lured Alaska travelers to their deaths"
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portraying McCandless, received a number of awards, including Best Picture from the
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article and retraces McCandless's travels leading up to the hiker's eventual death.
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seeds McCandless ate. Instead of ODAP, the report found relatively high levels of L-
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National Park Service, "Papers and Working Files of NPS Employees" (February 2020)
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map of the region and was unaware of the existence of an abandoned, hand-operated
582:. Completely out of cash with no means to support himself, he obtained a job as a
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discussed McCandless for its February 27, 2023 episode. The episode, with guest
1001:, which prevented him from gathering food or hiking. Lathyrism may be caused by
657:. After his death, witnesses stated they had seen McCandless in Alaska first at
494:. He was also heavily influenced by 19th-century American writer and naturalist
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https://www.uaf.edu/museum/collections/ethno/projects/bus_142/process/index.php
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Krakauer also speculated that McCandless might have been poisoned by a toxic
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1772:"Death of an Innocent: How Christopher McCandless Lost His Way in the Wilds"
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documentary uncovering some additional information, with interviews, titled
1304:(2011) compiles photographs, postcards and journal entries by McCandless. A
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After hiking along the snow-covered Stampede Trail, McCandless came upon an
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McCandless then headed to Colorado, where he used money from his job to buy
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took a picture of himself waving while holding a written note, which read:
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camps with other vagrants in the Sierra Nevada region. He was suspected of
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I HAVE HAD A HAPPY LIFE AND THANK THE LORD. GOODBYE AND MAY GOD BLESS ALL!
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2016:"The beatification of Chris McCandless: From thieving poacher into saint"
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2561:"Alaska National Guard airlifts "Into the Wild" bus from Stampede Trail"
1559:"Chemists Dispute How 'Into the Wild' Protagonist Chris McCandless Died"
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portraying McCandless. That same year, McCandless became the subject of
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abuse upon each other and their children, often fueled by her father's
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2134:"Examining Chris McCandless, 20 years after he went 'Into the Wild'"
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speculated that this discovery had a profound impact on McCandless.
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2501:"Newlywed swept away in Alaska trying to reach 'into the Wild' bus"
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English Department. Text and Community website. Christian, Peter.
341:. He was the elder child of Wilhelmina Marie "Billie" McCandless (
3121:, detailing what growing-up in the McCandless household was like.
3074:"Christopher McCandless – Finding the Christopher McCandless Bus"
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In March 2015, Krakauer co-authored a scientific analysis of the
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in 1990, McCandless traveled across North America and eventually
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2784:"Chris McCandless from Another Alaska Park Ranger's Perspective"
2668:"Famous McCandless 'Bus 142' moved to UAF's Museum of the North"
943:, when he put them into a plastic bag. Swainsonine inhibits the
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remains in the sleeping bag. It is theorized that he died from
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police, who arrived the following day. They found McCandless's
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391:. She cited their abusive childhood, as well as his reading of
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Sainsbury, Brendan; Benchwick, Greg; Bodry, Catherine (2015).
3041:"You're Wrong About -- Chris McCandless with Blair Braverman"
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Ken Ilgunas, also an Alaskan Park Ranger and the author of
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It had been speculated that McCandless was responsible for
799:. On June 9, 1992, McCandless illegally stalked and shot a
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1130:, but to others, he is a controversial, misguided person.
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In April 1992, McCandless hitchhiked from South Dakota to
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McCandless left Virginia in the summer of 1990, driving a
3099:— Excerpts of McCandless's own articles published in the
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1743:"Remembering an Athlete Who Never Returned From the Wild"
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2303:"Theory on Chris McCandless' Death - Ronald Hamilton 1"
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McCandless was then last seen alive at the head of the
538:. By the end of the summer, McCandless had reached the
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However, in an article in the September 2007 issue of
368:(NASA). McCandless's mother worked as a secretary for
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lifestyle as he grew up. McCandless is the subject of
2625:"Alaska Airlifts 'Into the Wild' Bus Out of the Wild"
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In 2014, Carine McCandless, Chris' sister, published
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following up on Hamilton's claims. A sample of fresh
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TROUBLE JUST TO STAND UP. STARVING. GREAT JEOPARDY."
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McCandless next to the Fairbanks City Transit System
3141:, a 1985 French film that deals with a similar theme
3093:— Christopher Johnson McCandless Memorial Foundation
2002:
1620:"The fiction that is Jon Krakauer's 'Into the Wild'"
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In September 2013, Krakauer published an article in
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3016:"Behind The Famous Story, A Difficult 'Wild Truth'"
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1312:, first aired on the PBS network in November 2014.
880:approximately two weeks before his body was found.
757:) alongside an overgrown section of the trail near
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2742:Chris McCandless from a Park Ranger's Perspective
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779:ammunition; a number of books, including one on
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2566:Defense Visual Information Distribution Service
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419:In the summer of 1986, McCandless travelled to
3129:, a 2007 documentary about McCandless made by
2321:"When Edible Plants Turn Their Defenses On Us"
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1497:"The Call of the Wild: Into the Wild Debunked"
1310:Return to the Wild: The Chris McCandless Story
726:(about 28 miles (45 km) west of Healy at
2633:. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020
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366:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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1297:(2007) also covers McCandless's life story.
534:on the vehicle and was driving with expired
2477:Romantic Ecocriticism: Origins and Legacies
2402:. Archived from the original on May 3, 2015
2368:(11 ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 274.
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325:Christopher Johnson McCandless was born in
220:August 1992), also known by his pseudonym "
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2479:. Lexington Publishing. pp. 253–270.
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3215:Wilbert Tucker Woodson High School alumni
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939:) containing the toxin, or possibly by a
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822:swollen with late-summer runoff from the
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2394:"The Chris McCandless Obsession Problem"
2292:, September 2007. Retrieved Jan 03, 2011
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1963:. New York: Doubleday. pp. 41, 66.
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1706:McCandless, Carine (November 17, 2015).
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663:
375:Carine McCandless alleged in her memoir
295:, which was subsequently adapted into a
3013:
2945:Harmanci, Reyban (September 26, 2007).
2914:"Following His Trail to Danger and Joy"
2889:"LUMINARY - MILLENNIUM EPISODE PROFILE"
2781:
2665:
2622:
2558:
2439:
2391:
1988:. New York: Doubleday. pp. 28–29.
1458:
702:A replica of Bus 142, used in the film
16:American hiker and explorer (1968–1992)
3147:
2473:"The Miseducation of Chris McCandless"
2435:
2433:
2431:
2167:
2158:
2131:
2013:
1741:Williams, Preston (October 25, 2007).
1617:
504:. McCandless highlighted a section on
3014:McAlpin, Heller (November 11, 2014).
2840:
2470:
1608:
1556:
1524:
1226:
550:Traveling northwest, McCandless then
265:in April 1992. There, he entered the
2666:Osborne, Ryan (September 24, 2020).
2571:Alaska National Guard Public Affairs
2530:
2392:Saverin, Diana (December 18, 2013).
2230:Krakauer, Jon (September 12, 2013).
2014:Medred, Craig (September 20, 2013).
1670:Krakauer, Jon (September 12, 2013).
1649:
1647:
1589:Krakauer, Jon (September 12, 2013).
1552:
1550:
1520:
1518:
1461:"Adventures of Alexander Supertramp"
888:
671:taking a break at Bus 142 along the
569:
2809:
2753:
2428:
1938:. New York: Doubleday. p. 45.
1047:seeds was sent to a laboratory for
404:In 1986, McCandless graduated from
356:. In 1976, the family relocated to
13:
3210:People from El Segundo, California
3087:Website on Christopher McCandless.
1618:Medred, Craig (January 10, 2015).
1557:Drahl, Carmen (October 28, 2013).
1241:. Jon Krakauer's non-fiction book
983:Indiana University of Pennsylvania
540:Lake Mead National Recreation Area
133:Wilbert Tucker Woodson High School
14:
3226:
3055:
2812:"A Man Made Cold by the Universe"
2782:Ilgunas, Ken (October 30, 2009).
2531:Herz, Nathaniel (June 18, 2020).
2509:. Associated Press. July 27, 2019
2440:Holland, Eva (December 5, 2013).
2264:
2132:Medred, Craig (August 12, 2012).
1644:
1547:
1515:
1459:McNamee, Thomas (March 3, 1996).
624:Imperial National Wildlife Refuge
501:On the Duty of Civil Disobedience
498:, and was engrossed by his essay
333:and spent his early childhood in
269:with minimal supplies, hoping to
2168:Hewitt, Bill (October 5, 1992).
2103:"Scan of Chris McCandless' note"
1906:. New York: Doubleday. pp.
1595:The New Yorker Blog: Page-Turner
1525:Brown, Chip (February 8, 1993).
618:, the Colorado River Reservoir,
473:
177:
3200:People from Annandale, Virginia
3033:
3007:
2982:
2957:
2938:
2906:
2881:
2857:
2841:Young, Gordon (February 1996).
2834:
2803:
2775:
2747:
2696:
2685:
2659:
2616:
2600:. June 18, 2020. Archived from
2584:
2559:LaCount, Seth (June 18, 2020).
2552:
2493:
2464:
2357:
2339:
2313:
2295:
2223:
2211:
2199:
2125:
2095:
2083:
2040:
1977:
1952:
1893:
1868:
1836:
1734:
1699:
1411:
1193:Sherry Simpson, writing in the
1005:(ODAP) poisoning from seeds of
620:Cibola National Wildlife Refuge
2864:Krakauer, Jon (January 1993).
2623:Holland, Eva (June 18, 2020).
2471:Ottum, Lisa (March 15, 2016).
2442:"Chasing Alexander Supertramp"
2270:"The Cult of Chris McCandless"
1663:
1452:
1427:
1269:eponymous 2007 film adaptation
1150:
1144:University of Alaska Fairbanks
967:University of Alaska Fairbanks
173:Christopher Johnson McCandless
59:Christopher Johnson McCandless
1:
1879:. New York City: Harper One.
1563:Chemical and Engineering News
1404:
1247:(1996) expands upon his 1993
1098:Stampede Trail § Bus 142
547:the local police department.
320:
217:
84:
49:in his camera after his death
3165:20th-century American people
2744:. Retrieved August 26, 2007.
2347:"Christopher McCandless Bio"
1438:. Anchor Books. p. 53.
7:
3170:Accidental deaths in Alaska
2993:. New York, NY: HarperOne.
2989:McCandless, Carine (2014).
2947:"Movie: 'Call of the Wild'"
2475:. In Hall, Dewey W. (ed.).
2232:"How Chris McCandless Died"
1875:McCandless, Carine (2014).
1672:"How Chris McCandless Died"
1591:"How Chris McCandless Died"
1434:Krakauer, Jon (2007). "6".
1335:
1003:oxalyldiaminopropionic acid
379:that her parents inflicted
228:who sought an increasingly
10:
3231:
3085:ChristopherMcCandless.info
2107:christophermccandless.info
1527:"I Now Walk Into the Wild"
1135:Alaska Army National Guard
1107:Alaska Army National Guard
1095:
941:mold that can grow on them
848:note on the bus, stating:
745:63.8683222°N 149.7689972°W
521:
434:McCandless graduated from
244:a full-length feature film
163:Billie McCandless (mother)
45:, found as an undeveloped
2651:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2420:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1659:10.1016/j.wem.2014.08.014
1348:Christopher Thomas Knight
1109:airlifting the bus via a
1091:
1084:toxic to mammals) in the
973:Lathyrism due to ODAP in
648:
242:that was later made into
153:
138:
128:
120:
112:
102:
80:
54:
30:
23:
3097:Dispatches from the Wild
2916:. Movies & TV Dept.
1368:Death of Vance Rodriguez
857:
750:63.8683222; -149.7689972
442:in the double majors of
406:W.T. Woodson High School
160:Walt McCandless (father)
3205:People from Los Angeles
3185:Emory University alumni
2738:George Mason University
1822:: Anchor. p. 166.
1285:American Film Institute
1167:Peter Christian wrote:
1119:International Harvester
834:that crossed the river
238:, a nonfiction book by
3195:20th-century squatters
2922:. 2013. Archived from
2866:"Death of an Innocent"
2756:"The McCandless Mecca"
2351:Christopher McCandless
2307:Christopher McCandless
1984:Krakauer, Jon (1996).
1959:Krakauer, Jon (1996).
1934:Krakauer, Jon (1996).
1900:Krakauer, Jon (1996).
1854:: Anchor. p. 21.
1210:
1191:
1178:
1114:
884:Theories of starvation
869:
855:
708:
676:
602:supplies as well as a
596:
588:Carthage, South Dakota
466:before hitchhiking to
249:After graduating from
216:; February 12, 1968 –
2716:on September 19, 2010
2672:alaskasnewssource.com
2366:Lonely Planet: Alaska
1501:Terra Incognita films
1264:, titled "Luminary."
1258:'s television series
1218:would thereby remain
1205:
1186:
1184:, wrote in response:
1169:
1105:
865:
850:
813:National Park Service
701:
667:
592:
87:August 1992 (aged 24)
73:Inglewood, California
3180:Deaths by starvation
3126:The Call of the Wild
3047:. February 27, 2023.
2965:"Return to the Wild"
2276:on November 24, 2007
2139:Alaska Dispatch News
2113:on November 13, 2012
2021:Alaska Dispatch News
1625:Alaska Dispatch News
1294:The Call of the Wild
1182:The McCandless Mecca
1111:Boeing CH-47 Chinook
791:, and birds such as
770:semi-automatic rifle
759:Denali National Park
578:, and then north to
398:The Call of the Wild
314:The Call of the Wild
222:Alexander Supertramp
124:Alexander Supertramp
2926:on December 3, 2013
2538:Alaska Public Media
2353:. October 25, 2023.
2325:Health News Florida
1748:The Washington Post
936:Hedysarum mackenzii
772:with 400 rounds of
741: /
628:Yuma Proving Ground
616:Bill Williams River
608:white water rafting
496:Henry David Thoreau
438:in May 1990 with a
421:Southern California
224:", was an American
103:Cause of death
3103:student newspaper.
3091:Chrisspurpose.org
2919:The New York Times
2761:Barnes & Noble
2327:. October 24, 2013
2170:"End of the Trail"
1465:The New York Times
1325:You're Wrong About
1227:In popular culture
1115:
1014:The ODAP, a toxic
991:concentration camp
767:Remington Nylon 66
709:
677:
3119:978-0-06-232516-7
3111:Carine McCandless
3080:. March 25, 2010.
3078:freewheelings.com
3000:978-0-06-232514-3
2845:. Metroactive.com
2843:"North to Alaska"
2822:on March 28, 2004
2810:Simpson, Sherry.
2375:978-1-742-20602-8
2180:(14). Time, Inc.
2028:on April 30, 2022
1886:978-0-06-232514-3
1719:978-0-06-232515-0
1712:. HarperCollins.
1503:. August 21, 2007
1445:978-0-385-48680-4
1393:Timothy Treadwell
1378:Protein poisoning
1363:Richard Proenneke
1353:Tomasz Mackiewicz
1128:transcendentalism
1074:Hedysarum alpinum
1066:Hedysarum alpinum
1045:Hedysarum alpinum
1024:Hedysarum alpinum
1008:Hedysarum alpinum
975:Hedysarum alpinum
930:Hedysarum alpinum
909:Hedysarum alpinum
901:rabbit starvation
889:Protein poisoning
655:Fairbanks, Alaska
570:Mexico and arrest
440:bachelor's degree
410:Fairfax, Virginia
275:Fairbanks Bus 142
170:
169:
116:September 6, 1992
69:February 12, 1968
47:photographic film
3222:
3081:
3062:Chris McCandless
3049:
3048:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3011:
3005:
3004:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2870:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2818:. Archived from
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2751:
2745:
2735:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2712:. Archived from
2700:
2694:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2650:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2604:on June 21, 2020
2588:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2528:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2452:on March 4, 2016
2448:. Archived from
2437:
2426:
2425:
2419:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2389:
2380:
2379:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2299:
2293:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2272:. Archived from
2262:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2165:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2146:on July 24, 2016
2142:. Archived from
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2109:. Archived from
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2024:. Archived from
2011:
2000:
1999:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1931:
1922:
1921:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1790:on March 3, 2016
1789:
1783:. Archived from
1776:
1770:(January 1993).
1764:
1753:
1752:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1667:
1661:
1651:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1628:. Archived from
1615:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1586:
1571:
1570:
1554:
1545:
1544:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1493:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1431:
1419:
1415:
1302:Back to the Wild
1113:on June 18, 2020
1064:L-canavanine in
987:Jewish prisoners
960:, correspondent
843:
842:
838:
824:Cantwell Glacier
781:local plant life
756:
755:
753:
752:
751:
746:
742:
739:
738:
737:
734:
436:Emory University
251:Emory University
219:
215:
214:
211:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
143:Emory University
121:Other names
86:
68:
66:
35:
25:Chris McCandless
21:
20:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3175:American nomads
3145:
3144:
3072:
3058:
3053:
3052:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3024:
3022:
3012:
3008:
3001:
2987:
2983:
2973:
2971:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2943:
2939:
2929:
2927:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2897:
2895:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2868:
2862:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2839:
2835:
2825:
2823:
2816:Anchorage Press
2808:
2804:
2794:
2792:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2752:
2748:
2736:
2729:
2719:
2717:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2690:
2686:
2676:
2674:
2664:
2660:
2644:
2643:
2636:
2634:
2621:
2617:
2607:
2605:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2575:
2573:
2557:
2553:
2543:
2541:
2529:
2522:
2512:
2510:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2487:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2453:
2438:
2429:
2413:
2412:
2405:
2403:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2362:
2358:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2330:
2328:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2279:
2277:
2263:
2252:
2242:
2240:
2228:
2224:
2216:
2212:
2204:
2200:
2190:
2188:
2166:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2130:
2126:
2116:
2114:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2088:
2084:
2077:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2031:
2029:
2012:
2003:
1996:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1873:
1869:
1862:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1807:
1803:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1774:
1765:
1756:
1739:
1735:
1720:
1704:
1700:
1692:
1685:
1668:
1664:
1652:
1645:
1635:
1633:
1632:on July 3, 2016
1616:
1609:
1599:
1597:
1587:
1574:
1555:
1548:
1523:
1516:
1506:
1504:
1495:
1494:
1487:
1477:
1475:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1338:
1330:Blair Braverman
1291:'s documentary
1229:
1196:Anchorage Press
1153:
1100:
1094:
1070:
979:
923:, after eating
913:
907:Swainsonine in
891:
886:
860:
840:
836:
835:
820:Teklanika River
749:
747:
743:
740:
735:
732:
730:
728:
727:
651:
572:
524:
476:
470:in April 1992.
370:Hughes Aircraft
323:
311:'s documentary
180:
176:
166:
139:Alma mater
113:Body discovered
98:
88:
76:
70:
64:
62:
61:
60:
50:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3228:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3143:
3142:
3134:
3122:
3107:The Wild Truth
3104:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3069:
3068:
3057:
3056:External links
3054:
3051:
3050:
3032:
3006:
2999:
2991:The wild truth
2981:
2956:
2937:
2905:
2880:
2856:
2833:
2802:
2774:
2754:Ilgunas, Ken.
2746:
2727:
2709:Outside Online
2695:
2684:
2658:
2630:Outside Online
2615:
2583:
2551:
2520:
2492:
2485:
2463:
2427:
2399:Outside Online
2381:
2374:
2356:
2338:
2312:
2294:
2266:Power, Matthew
2250:
2237:The New Yorker
2222:
2210:
2198:
2157:
2124:
2094:
2082:
2075:
2048:
2039:
2001:
1994:
1976:
1969:
1951:
1944:
1923:
1916:
1892:
1885:
1877:The Wild Truth
1867:
1860:
1835:
1828:
1801:
1754:
1733:
1718:
1709:The wild truth
1698:
1683:
1677:The New Yorker
1662:
1643:
1607:
1572:
1546:
1535:. p. 38.
1532:The New Yorker
1514:
1485:
1451:
1444:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1343:Lillian Alling
1339:
1337:
1334:
1317:The Wild Truth
1275:, directed by
1239:The New Yorker
1228:
1225:
1203:-like figure:
1152:
1149:
1093:
1090:
1082:antimetabolite
1069:
1062:
1040:The New Yorker
978:
971:
912:
905:
890:
887:
885:
882:
859:
856:
681:Stampede Trail
673:Stampede Trail
650:
647:
584:grain elevator
571:
568:
536:license plates
523:
520:
475:
472:
464:Colorado River
454:and adopted a
425:bigamous union
377:The Wild Truth
322:
319:
168:
167:
165:
164:
161:
157:
155:
151:
150:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
91:Stampede Trail
89:
82:
78:
77:
71:
58:
56:
52:
51:
43:Stampede Trail
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3227:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
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3186:
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3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3140:
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3135:
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3128:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
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3079:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3021:
3017:
3010:
3002:
2996:
2992:
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2970:
2966:
2960:
2952:
2948:
2941:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2909:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2876:
2875:
2867:
2860:
2844:
2837:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2806:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2778:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2732:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2688:
2677:September 25,
2673:
2669:
2662:
2654:
2648:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2619:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2587:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2555:
2540:
2539:
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2090:Into the Wild
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2076:0-385-48680-4
2072:
2068:
2067:New York City
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2063:
2062:Into the Wild
2058:
2057:Krakauer, Jon
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2027:
2023:
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2017:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1997:
1995:0-385-48680-4
1991:
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1986:Into the Wild
1980:
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1970:0-385-48680-4
1966:
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1961:Into the Wild
1955:
1947:
1945:0-385-48680-4
1941:
1937:
1936:Into the Wild
1930:
1928:
1919:
1917:0-679-42850-X
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1903:Into the Wild
1896:
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1861:0-385-48680-4
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1852:New York City
1849:
1848:Into the Wild
1845:
1844:Krakauer, Jon
1839:
1831:
1829:0-385-48680-4
1825:
1821:
1820:New York City
1817:
1816:
1815:Into the Wild
1811:
1810:Krakauer, Jon
1805:
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1768:Krakauer, Jon
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1436:Into the Wild
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1398:Ted Kaczynski
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725:
724:abandoned bus
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529:
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508:in Thoreau's
507:
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474:Personal life
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1623:
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1594:
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1566:
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1500:
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1464:
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1413:
1323:
1322:The podcast
1321:
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1281:Emile Hirsch
1272:
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1256:Chris Carter
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1028:malnourished
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866:
861:
851:
817:
805:
797:Canada geese
733:63°52′5.96″N
721:
710:
704:
693:Alaskan bush
678:
652:
632:
597:
593:
586:operator in
580:South Dakota
573:
564:burglarizing
549:
525:
509:
500:
477:
448:anthropology
433:
429:Jon Krakauer
418:
403:
396:
376:
374:
343:
324:
312:
305:Emile Hirsch
299:directed by
292:
286:
283:
267:Alaskan bush
248:
240:Jon Krakauer
233:
221:
172:
171:
18:
3160:1992 deaths
3155:1968 births
3131:Ron Lamothe
3101:Emory Wheel
2974:January 12,
2930:January 12,
2898:January 12,
2849:December 5,
2720:December 5,
2331:January 12,
1507:January 12,
1388:Survivalism
1358:Carl McCunn
1289:Ron Lamothe
1165:Park Ranger
1151:Assessments
1124:modern myth
925:sweet-vetch
921:swainsonine
874:decomposing
808:vandalizing
777:hollowpoint
748: /
639:Morelos Dam
612:Lake Havasu
544:flash flood
492:H. G. Wells
488:Leo Tolstoy
480:Jack London
460:outdoorsman
393:Jack London
309:Ron Lamothe
271:live simply
3149:Categories
3045:buzzsprout
2893:Millennium
2220:, page 188
2208:, page 216
2191:October 2,
2069:: Anchor.
1405:References
1261:Millennium
1096:See also:
1086:H. alpinum
1078:canavanine
1058:neurotoxin
1016:amino acid
945:metabolism
878:starvation
793:ptarmigans
785:porcupines
763:Bering Sea
552:hitchhiked
542:, where a
484:Mark Twain
389:alcoholism
339:California
335:El Segundo
331:California
321:Early life
279:starvation
259:hitchhiked
226:adventurer
107:Starvation
65:1968-02-12
3025:March 19,
2704:"Letters"
2280:August 2,
2186:0093-7673
2150:April 30,
2117:August 7,
2032:April 30,
1728:957994010
1636:April 30,
1541:0028-792X
1473:0362-4331
1300:The book
1277:Sean Penn
1220:incognita
999:lathyrism
995:Vapniarca
832:cable car
789:squirrels
713:Anchorage
554:into the
358:Annandale
327:Inglewood
301:Sean Penn
297:2007 film
129:Education
3138:Vagabond
2795:July 25,
2767:July 25,
2647:cite web
2637:June 27,
2608:June 19,
2576:June 27,
2544:June 27,
2513:July 27,
2506:CBS News
2416:cite web
2406:June 27,
2243:July 25,
2092:, p. 197
2059:(1997).
1908:5, 32–36
1846:(1997).
1812:(1997).
1794:April 4,
1478:June 19,
1336:See also
1163:Alaskan
1020:alkaloid
917:alkaloid
717:Xtratufs
659:Dot Lake
635:spillway
516:celibate
506:chastity
456:vagabond
385:physical
362:Virginia
354:Colorado
289:magazine
2874:Outside
2446:Atavist
1780:Outside
1249:Outside
1234:Outside
1201:Thoreau
1174:suicide
1157:Outside
989:in the
927:seeds (
919:called
839:⁄
689:rations
637:at the
604:handgun
576:Arizona
522:Travels
444:history
303:, with
287:Outside
255:Georgia
230:nomadic
154:Parents
41:on the
39:Bus 142
3190:Hikers
3117:
2997:
2951:SFGate
2483:
2372:
2184:
2174:People
2073:
1992:
1967:
1942:
1914:
1883:
1858:
1826:
1726:
1716:
1539:
1471:
1442:
1383:Scurvy
1092:Legacy
846:S.O.S.
669:Hikers
649:Alaska
643:Sonora
626:, and
560:hermit
528:Datsun
511:Walden
468:Alaska
381:verbal
350:Denver
263:Alaska
97:, U.S.
95:Alaska
75:, U.S.
2869:(PDF)
2789:Plume
1788:(PDF)
1775:(PDF)
1279:with
1216:terra
1068:seeds
977:seeds
911:seeds
858:Death
801:moose
774:.22LR
685:Healy
600:kayak
452:Oxfam
3115:ISBN
3066:IMDb
3027:2024
2995:ISBN
2976:2021
2932:2021
2900:2021
2851:2010
2828:2013
2797:2019
2769:2019
2722:2010
2679:2020
2653:link
2639:2020
2610:2020
2597:KTVA
2578:2020
2546:2020
2515:2019
2481:ISBN
2458:2016
2422:link
2408:2020
2370:ISBN
2333:2021
2282:2008
2245:2019
2193:2015
2182:ISSN
2152:2022
2119:2010
2071:ISBN
2034:2022
1990:ISBN
1965:ISBN
1940:ISBN
1912:ISBN
1881:ISBN
1856:ISBN
1824:ISBN
1796:2008
1724:OCLC
1714:ISBN
1638:2022
1602:2014
1537:ISSN
1509:2021
1480:2020
1469:ISSN
1440:ISBN
1080:(an
1049:HPLC
795:and
490:and
446:and
383:and
81:Died
55:Born
3109:by
3064:at
3020:NPR
2969:PBS
1655:doi
1306:PBS
1271:of
1267:An
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