252:. Ch’olan would then split into Eastern and Western Ch’olan in about AD 600, with Western Ch’olan diversifying first in about AD 800, and Eastern Ch’olan last in about AD 1500. By the time of Spanish contact, Ch’olan speakers would be found splayed across a crescent at the base of the Yucatán Peninsula, stretching from the Bay of Campeche to that of Honduras, with Chontal speakers in the western Lowlands, Ch’ol in the southwestern Lowlands, Ch’olti’ in the southern Lowlands, and Ch’orti’ in the northeastern Highlands. The Spanish conquest of Peten brought about the extinction of Ch’olti’, one of only two Mayan languages not extant as of 2017. Presently, Ch’ol is spoken in Tabasco and Campeche, Mexico, Ch’orti’ in Chiquimula and Zacapa, Guatemala, and Chontal in Tabasco.
247:
Ch’olan–Tseltlan speakers are thought to have first settled the Maya
Lowlands after the diversification of Western Mayan some 3,000 years before present. There, the Ch’olan–Tseltlan languages would have split into Ch’olan and Tseltlan at around 200 BC. By the third century AD, Ch’olan speakers formed
238:
The inclusion of the Ch’olan languages within the Chʼolan–Tseltalan, Western Mayan, and Core Mayan families is the most widely accepted classification as of 2017. Nonetheless, while it is generally accepted that the
Western Mayan family comprises Ch’olan–Tseltalan and Greater Q’anjob’alan languages,
325:
language is now identified as either (i) proto–Ch’olan or Ch’olan, and so ancestor of all Ch’olan languages, (ii) proto–Eastern Ch’olan or
Eastern Ch’olan, and so ancestor of Ch’orti’ and Ch’olti’, (iii) proto–Western Ch’olan or Western Ch’olan, and so ancestor of Ch’ol and Chontal, or (iv) the
248:
part of an area of heightened language contact, centred about the
Lowlands, which saw significant linguistic diffusion across Mayan and non-Mayan languages. During the same period, their language would come to dominate
355:
As of 2012, the Ch’olan languages are the second smallest branch of the Mayan family of languages, by number of speakers, given that only it and the
Huastec languages have fewer than 300,000 speakers (
239:
this has never been completely confirmed. Furthermore, some linguists formerly grouped
Huastecan, Cholan–Tseltalan, and Yucatecan languages together, but this is now deemed erroneous.
300:
The grouping was proposed because
Huastecan shares several sound changes with Ch’olan–Tseltalan and with Yucatecan, but this is now thought to have been due to
219:
The Ch’olan languages are split into two branches, namely, the
Eastern and Western Ch’olan languages, each of which comprises two languages.
342:, language, similar to how Latin is sometimes deemed an extinct language, rather than the common ancestor of modern Romance languages (
359:, para 1). Furthermore, only one of the three extant Ch’olan languages was not deemed an endangered language by UNESCO, namely Ch’ol (
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609:
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The language of
Classic Mayan hieroglyphs is now deemed the ancestor of one, two, or all of the Ch’olan languages. That is, the
592:
536:
17:
637:
334:, pp. 123, 129–130, 170 favour option (ii). Note that Epigraphic Mayan is sometimes listed as an
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proto-language of exactly one of the Ch’olan languages, and so ancestor of one such.
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531:. Routledge Language Family Series. London and New York: Routledge.
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is now deemed the ancestor of one or more of the Ch’olan languages.
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Diasystème, diachronie: Études comparées dans les langues cholanes
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587:(Thesis). Amsterdam: Landelijke Onderzoekschool Taalwetenschap.
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Aissen J, England NC, Zavala
Maldonado R, eds. (2017).
556:"Quelles frontières pour les populations cholanes?"
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601:
327:
638:
227:are the two Eastern Ch’olan languages, while
172:, pp. 44–45. Speakers, distribution per
498:Aissen, England & Zavala Maldonado 2017
486:Aissen, England & Zavala Maldonado 2017
474:Aissen, England & Zavala Maldonado 2017
462:Aissen, England & Zavala Maldonado 2017
450:Aissen, England & Zavala Maldonado 2017
438:Aissen, England & Zavala Maldonado 2017
426:Aissen, England & Zavala Maldonado 2017
414:Aissen, England & Zavala Maldonado 2017
399:Aissen, England & Zavala Maldonado 2017
387:Aissen, England & Zavala Maldonado 2017
344:Aissen, England & Zavala Maldonado 2017
332:Aissen, England & Zavala Maldonado 2017
306:Aissen, England & Zavala Maldonado 2017
170:Aissen, England & Zavala Maldonado 2017
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235:are the two Western Ch’olan languages.
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191:, comprising four languages, namely,
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24:
612:from the original on 20 June 2023.
370:
25:
1143:
618:
519:
214:
168:Classification, subdivisions per
608:(17th revised ed.). Wayeb.
605:Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs
512:, paras 49, 55, 59, maps 14, 16.
349:
304:rather than shared innovation (
602:Kettunen H, Helmke C (2020) .
311:
294:
13:
1:
554:Becquey C (5 December 2012).
209:language of Mayan hieroglyphs
464:, pp. 44–45, 52–53, 73.
428:, pp. 54, 65–66, 72–73.
7:
452:, pp. 54, 73, 117–119.
255:
10:
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328:Kettunen & Helmke 2020
250:Mayan hieroglyphic writing
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189:Mayan family of languages
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94:Linguistic classification
92:
82:
54:
44:
39:
34:
560:Ateliers d'Anthropologie
88:229,500 (2002–2005)
27:Mayan language subgroup
845:Qʼanjobʼalan–Jakaltek
573:10.4000/ateliers.9181
288:Explanatory footnotes
187:form a branch of the
401:, pp. 123, 246.
283:Notes and references
816:Qʼanjobalan–Chujean
529:The Mayan Languages
581:Becquey C (2014).
346:, pp. 44–45).
75:Guatemala, Mexico
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1113:extinct languages
1097:Classical Kʼicheʼ
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594:978-94-6093-159-8
500:, pp. 44–45.
476:, pp. 66–67.
330:, p. 13 and
185:Chʼolan languages
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109:Chʼolan–Tseltalan
16:(Redirected from
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958:Greater Quichean
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207:. Notably, the
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488:, p. 64.
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130:Proto-Ch’olan
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106:Western Mayan
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1090:Classic Maya
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1066:Cauque Mayan
773:
748:
728:Yucatec Maya
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510:Becquey 2012
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361:Becquey 2012
357:Becquey 2012
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272:Manche Chʼol
246:
237:
218:
184:
182:
174:Becquey 2012
135:Subdivisions
112:
57:distribution
49:Maya peoples
29:
1083:Proto-Mayan
1035:Sipakapense
262:Acala Chʼol
1030:Sakapultek
862:Qʼanjobʼal
836:Tojolabʼal
695:Mopan–Itza
547:2016049735
363:, para 1).
319:Epigraphic
103:Core Mayan
55:Geographic
1111:indicate
1009:Poqomchiʼ
988:Tzʼutujil
983:Kaqchikel
790:Tzeltalan
687:Yucatecan
662:Huastecan
340:ancestral
151:Glottolog
65:Guatemala
45:Ethnicity
1126:Category
1040:Uspantek
944:Tektitek
918:Awakatek
857:Jakaltek
781:Chʼortiʼ
775:Chʼoltiʼ
723:Lacandon
610:Archived
277:Toquegua
256:See also
225:Chʼoltiʼ
221:Chʼortiʼ
201:Chʼortiʼ
197:Chʼoltiʼ
157:chol1286
72:/ former
1109:Italics
1075:History
1025:Qʼeqchi
1004:Poqomam
978:Kʼicheʼ
911:Ixilean
895:Eastern
824:Chujean
802:Tzotzil
797:Tzeltal
764:Chontal
741:Western
336:extinct
243:History
233:Chontal
205:Chontal
113:Chʼolan
35:Chʼolan
1018:others
903:Mamean
878:Mochoʼ
852:Akatek
591:
566:(37).
545:
535:
203:, and
69:Mexico
61:Belize
40:Cholan
997:Poqom
769:Chʼol
757:Chʼol
707:Mopan
702:Itzaʼ
229:Chʼol
193:Chʼol
164:Notes
99:Mayan
77:/ now
973:Achi
923:Ixil
831:Chuj
589:ISBN
543:LCCN
533:ISBN
231:and
223:and
183:The
939:Mam
568:doi
321:or
1128::
564:37
562:.
558:.
541:.
406:^
379:^
199:,
195:,
67:,
63:,
646:e
639:t
632:v
597:.
576:.
570::
549:.
20:)
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