Chief Wahoo - Knowledge

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have varied in the years since, but the 1951 design was used in most years since then, its only notable change being the addition of blue outlines in 1979. Exceptions include the 1972 uniform, which featured no Chief Wahoo logo, and the 1973–1978 uniforms, which featured a modified logo with Chief Wahoo at bat. Chief Wahoo was featured on Cleveland hats from 1951 to 1958, and returned to Cleveland's hats in 1986, following an increase in the size of the logo on uniforms sleeves in 1983. By 2013, Chief Wahoo was featured on every variation of the team's uniforms.

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block-C logo as alternative to Chief Wahoo: "We have added a logo, the block C, recently in addition to the Wahoo logo and the script 'Indians'. Fans of the team have alternative ways to express their support." In 2002, DiBiasio described an Indians hat with the letter "I" in similar terms, as official merchandise that provides an alternative without Chief Wahoo. Owner Larry Dolan had said the alternative logos are "another marketing tool" and "it's not true" that they are a means of phasing out Chief Wahoo. The

769:. The term 'spoil' originally referred to the hide of an animal or the enemy's armor and was later extended to apply to old fragments of architecture. The Native American grinning through the shimmering glass brings to mind the constant change in power relations, hierarchies and values." In an article on Gaillard's work, Indian Country Today Media Network said it was up to the viewer to decide "whether it is a clever re-imagining of a controversial symbol or merely a callous and harmful repetition." 356: 588:

Sportswriter Craig Calcaterra described the issue more bluntly, saying that "in the southwest there is a much larger Indian population than there is back in Ohio and that not putting up a big racist, comically-exaggerated red-faced logo of an Indian is simply a matter of common courtesy." In 2013, Chief Wahoo was still used on the Cleveland Indians' spring training web page, where the logo was framed within the name of their host city, but has since been replaced.

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that "history is history. This sign is a point in a major American issue, which is racial caricature. Some people have a problem with it, some people don't. It's important because it not only represents the rich history of baseball in Cleveland, it gets into a really deep issue in American history." The sign is displayed with written materials that show several points of view, including "The Legacy of

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the paper's coverage of the team, including a small front-page visual box where his head would peek out to announce the outcome of the latest game. Journalist George Condon would write in 1972, "When the baseball club decided to adopt an Indian caricature as its official symbol, it hired an artist to draw a little guy who came very close to Reinert's creation; a blood brother, unquestionably."

463:-wearing American Indian. In 1929, a smaller version of that same patch migrated to the home uniform sleeve, where similar incarnations of the early design remained through 1938. The online gallery of historical Cleveland uniforms does not accurately depict the evolution of the pre-Wahoo logo, a cartoon depiction of a man in a warbonnet drawn in profile. Patrick Hruby, writing for 208: 524: 375:, which was touched up at least once in 1993. However, because of the team's impending move, the city of Winter Haven did not bother to repaint the logo when it eventually faded. Due to the expense of repainting the water tower, the logo remained there long after the team last trained in Florida; it was not until 2012 that it was finally replaced with 220:

nose was made smaller, his body thinner, and he was now drawn as a right-handed batter instead of left-handed. Overall, the design of Chief Wahoo remained largely similar to the previous version. These modifications, however, heralded other changes to the team's use of Indian-themed imagery, such as the removal of a teepee from the outfield area.

623:. According to a source at Major League Baseball, the image was mistakenly released because of a misunderstanding that all teams would be using their main logo. After news reports criticized the "short-sightedness of covering a Native American logo with stars and stripes" and said it looked "a little too much like a 302:

According to a senior vice president and historian at the Western Reserve Historical Society, the acquisition of a neon Chief Wahoo sign was debated for several reasons. Among them was the belief that it was "hugely negative for a portion of the population". Ultimately, the historical society decided

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Around the time Bavasi added Chief Wahoo to the team's hats in 1986, he also banned "derogatory" banners at the stadium. The elimination of references to Cleveland on the uniforms, including replacing the old style hats with Chief Wahoo, led to speculation that the team might be moved to another city

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installed a new computer-programmed monocolor scoreboard in 1977, newspaper articles described how it could display animated depictions of Chief Wahoo yelling "Charge!" By the 1978 season, home runs were celebrated with fireworks and a scoreboard animation of Chief Wahoo dancing. The complete package

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In 1952, "Chief Wahoo" was given as the name for the Indians' physical mascot for the first time when a person in a Wahoo costume showed up for a children's party at Public Hall given by "Cleveland's dentists". Sportswriters eventually took to calling the unnamed character "Chief Wahoo". Goldbach has

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departments, to create a new logo for his team. Seventeen-year-old draftsman Walter Goldbach, an employee of the Novak Company, was asked to perform the job. Tasked with creating a mascot that "would convey a spirit of pure joy and unbridled enthusiasm", he created a smiling face with yellow skin and

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who claimed to have produced over 3,000 pieces of Chief Wahoo yard art, although she later said that claim was an exaggeration. The former letter carrier also produced Chief Wahoo clocks. In 2006, a likeness of Chief Wahoo took third place in a local sand sculpture competition, finishing behind sand

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In 1947, home and road uniforms began featuring the first incarnation of Chief Wahoo. The new logo, a caricature drawn from a three-quarter perspective, supplanted the earlier profile drawings. A redesigned Chief Wahoo caricature appeared on the uniform shirt sleeve starting in 1951. Uniform designs

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Chief Wahoo creator Walter Goldbach and his wife spent 15 winters living in Winter Haven. During the spring training season, Goldbach would work with the team when they conducted tours. Goldbach later retired from his career as an artist, and medical issues prevented him from drawing in the last few

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featured a cartoon by Fred George Reinert that used a caricatured Native American character with a definite resemblance to the later Chief Wahoo as a stand-in for the Cleveland Indians winning an important victory. The character came to be called "The Little Indian", eventually becoming a fixture in

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had not been the team's decision, then-team president Paul Dolan said, "It's not our ballpark. I would expect some sensitivity was involved, but ultimately it's the city's ballpark." A city spokesperson said that they were following Cleveland's marketing lead after the team used the script "I" logo

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The Indians introduced alternative logos: a block-letter "C", a script-letter "I", and the word "Indians" written in script. In 2013, the organization officially changed the primary logo from Chief Wahoo to the recently introduced block "C". Previously, team spokesman Bob DiBiasio had described the

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Although the club had adopted the name "Indians" during the 1915 season, there was no acknowledgment of this nickname on their uniforms until 1928. In the years between the team's 1901 formation and the 1927 season, uniforms contained variations on a stylized "C" or the word "Cleveland" (except the

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By 1973, when the team was bought by Cleveland businessman Nick Mileti, they had introduced additional depictions of Chief Wahoo, some of which showed the character at bat. Mileti hired designer Leonard Benner to modify an existing at-bat design for use as a logo. Several changes were made: Wahoo's

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In 1951, the mascot was redesigned with a smaller nose and red skin instead of yellow skin. This would be the most long-lived version of the logo, with only minor changes; when it was first introduced, it had black outlines before being changed to have blue outlines in 1979. After its introduction,

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Opponents have been protesting and taking other actions against the name and logo since the 1970s. The team owners and management have defended their use as having no intent to offend but to honor Native Americans, upholding many fans' beliefs and continued support. However, the use of Chief Wahoo

787:, Chief Wahoo has drawn particular criticism. The use of "Indians" as the name of a team was also part of the controversy, and led over 115 professional organizations representing civil rights, educational, athletic, and scientific experts to publish resolutions or policies stating that any use of 587:

Cleveland sportswriter Paul Hoynes wrote that the Chief Wahoo logo was not used in Goodyear "because of the heavy population of Native Americans in Arizona." According to the 2010 census, the Arizona population is 4.6% Native American or Alaska Native, compared to 0.4% in Florida and 0.2% in Ohio.

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In Meadville, Pennsylvania, the adult children of a 74-year-old Cleveland Indians fan hired chainsaw artist Brian Sprague to carve a 7-foot (2.1 m)-tall maple tree stump into a full-body statue of Chief Wahoo. In 2007, a newspaper in Toledo, Ohio reported that a man from the Toledo suburb of

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When Cleveland played Baltimore in the 2007 "Civil Rights Game" in Memphis, logos were removed from the uniforms of both teams. This caused some sportswriters to assert that the office of the Major League Baseball commissioner understood "on some level, that Chief Wahoo is the wrong message". The

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threw the first pitch at Jacobs Field, he wore a hat with the letter-C logo worn from 1978 to 1985 instead of Chief Wahoo. A White House aide described the decision as one taken "in recognition of the sensitivities" involved, and it spurred public debate on the issue of Native American names and

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in the 1950s, with the character's depiction signifying the outcome of a game. Wins were illustrated by Chief Wahoo holding a lantern in one hand and extending the index finger on his other. Losses were illustrated by a "battered" Chief Wahoo, complete with black eye, missing teeth and crumpled

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For 1939, the club wore the Baseball Centennial patch on the sleeve. Various other patches were worn for the next few years, none of them featuring Native American caricatures. In 1946, the last year before Chief Wahoo's introduction, both the home and road shirts featured a City of Cleveland

64:, the logo drew criticism from Native Americans, social scientists, and religious and educational groups, but was popular among fans of the team. During the 2010s, it was gradually replaced by a block "C", which became the primary logo in 2013. Chief Wahoo was officially retired following the 261:, who described the resemblance as "uncanny". Tabler's prediction was ultimately borne out, with hat sales increasing significantly after the reintroduction of Chief Wahoo. The revised hat design has been described as a change "in keeping with Major League Baseball's trend toward 'old-style' 299:. Working with the original blueprints, and the help of $ 50,000 in donations, the historical society refurbished the sign, which is now displayed in the group's museum. Anonymous donors have since provided funds to support maintenance work that allows the sign to remain lit. 555:. The use of alternate logos on official merchandise led sportswriters to speculate that Major League Baseball was uncomfortable or cautious about using the Chief Wahoo logo. Major League Baseball's use of an alternate logo on its website has led to similar speculation. 437:

A 1999 editorial reported annual revenue of $ 1.5 million from sales of licensed merchandise, and $ 15 million from sales at official team shops. An interview subject in a 2006 documentary on Chief Wahoo estimated that the logo brought in over $ 20 million per year.

3847: 612:" that were worn during major American holidays. The Indians cap with Chief Wahoo emblazoned in stars and stripes was criticized by some sportswriters. In 2009, MLB redesigned the Indians "Stars and Stripes" cap with a "C" logo replacing Chief Wahoo. 2510: 269:("Cleveland" was omitted on road jerseys from 1972 to 1977 and from 1983 to 1988; from 1978 to 1982, the city name was on the road grays, but the team often wore navy jerseys with the team name instead of the city name for many road games). 395:

Native American figure holding a stone tool in one hand and a scalp in the other. Produced in 1949 by Rempel Manufacturing, Inc., of Akron, Ohio, the rubber Indian figure (marketed as "Big Chief Erie") was based on an original sketch by

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cartoon", New Era removed the design and released an image of a flag-themed block-C logo hat that would be worn instead. Some speculated that the scrapped design may actually have been intended for use. Local alternative news magazine

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Navy Adm. James A. Winnefeld Jr. (left), vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Jim Folk (right), vice president of ballpark operations for the Cleveland Indians, discuss the Chief Wahoo battle flag at Progressive Field,

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on the player development complex in addition to the ballpark. Dolan said there was also "some sensitivity involved" with player development complex. The logo is also absent from team property and employee clothing in Arizona.

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said that the logo's moniker is inaccurate. Quoting a child he met while talking at a school, Goldbach explained in a 2008 interview, "He's not a chief, he's a brave. He only has one feather. Chiefs have full headdresses."

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In 2005, the team partnered with a candy maker to produce a Chief Wahoo chocolate bar. In 2013, the name "Wahoo Women" was used for a ladies' night out promotion, and the team also ran a "Wahoo Wednesdays" promotion with

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observed that the league had "wisely passed over fashioning Chief Wahoo into a polyester conversation piece". Although Chief Wahoo was the logo for the Cleveland Indians, the official team mascot is a character named

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How the name "Chief Wahoo" came to be used to refer to the Indians' mascot is less clear. The phrase had already been used for years before its use as a reference to the logo; the popular newspaper comic strip

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For its 100th anniversary, the team gave away blankets that depicted various incarnations of Chief Wahoo. In 2011, the team gave away free T-shirts with a picture of a heart, a peace sign and Chief Wahoo. The

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flew a battle flag featuring the Chief Wahoo logo. The time and circumstances under which the flag was first flown are not known, but the flag was retired in 2006 and presented to former Cleveland pitcher and

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was de-emphasized in favor of alternate logos beginning in the 2010s. The logo was subsequently retired after the 2018 season, and "is no longer appropriate for on-field use", according to MLB commissioner

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From 1962 through 1994, a 28-foot (8.5 m)-tall, neon-lit sign of Chief Wahoo at bat stood above gate D of Cleveland Municipal Stadium. When the stadium was demolished, the neon sign was donated to the

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a prominent nose. Goldbach has said that he had difficulty "figuring out how to make an Indian look like a cartoon", and that he was probably influenced by the cartoon style that was popular at the time.

2514: 2463: 2404: 2360: 575:, the Chief Wahoo logo was not used on the outside of the local stadium where they practiced. The Chief Wahoo logo had been prominently displayed at the team's previous spring training facilities in 3302: 544:. The president of the Faraway Cherokees in Memphis said, "My family was on the Trail of Tears. We feel offended that they would bring a team here called the Indians. It's racist. We aren't gone." 2192: 815:, the team continued to sell limited merchandise with Chief Wahoo only at its physical team store. Chief Wahoo was also not featured on the playing field when the Cleveland Indians hosted the 478:

On January 29, 2018, the Cleveland Indians announced they would remove the Chief Wahoo logo from their on-field baseball caps and jerseys starting with the 2019 season. On March 21, 2018, the

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that promotes misunderstanding and prejudice and contributes to other problems faced by Native Americans. In 2021, the team announced their rebranding as the Cleveland Guardians for the

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1921 season, when the front of the club's uniform shirts read "Worlds Champions"). The 1928 season saw modified club uniforms whose left breast bore a patch depicting the profile of a

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article that did not clearly state whether the stained-glass logo was an amateur or professional work. Fan artists have incorporated Chief Wahoo's likeness into stained glass pieces.

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said that the project "combines a symbol of the American Rust Belt with a souvenir of Communist town planning", and was "meant to reflect on the broader subject of urban decline."

2940: 1153: 1791: 677:, a fanzine that is now collected at the Cleveland Public Library. In 2013, a Cleveland artist designed a T-shirt that combined Chief Wahoo's feather with imagery from the 5613: 1055: 3828: 4023: 3441: 1435:

Staurowsky, Ellen J. (1998). "Searching for Sockalexis: Exploring the Myth at the core of Cleveland's 'Indian' Image". In Altherr, Thomas L.; Hall, Alvin L. (eds.).

1344: 6023: 5935: 3122: 430:. Major League Baseball does in fact sell a hat shaped to resemble Slider, who himself wears a Chief Wahoo hat. The Cleveland Indians have also sold Chief Wahoo 243:

suggesting that Chief Wahoo be added to the hats, with Tabler predicting that it would "sell like crazy". Bavasi recalls expressing concern that it would offend

4257: 3741: 1823:"Video interview with John J. Grabowski, published in the article "Chief Wahoo caricature controversy still hot topic for Cleveland Indians, Native Americans"" 1928: 1822: 2607: 2386: 2364: 2299: 1525: 4033: 3306: 4262: 3885: 4685: 4038: 3254:"In the Matter of JANE A. PASTVA and U.S. POSTAL SERVICE, POST OFFICE, Warren, OH; Docket No. 02-1141; Submitted on the Record; Issued December 11, 2002" 3197: 3073: 2861: 2835: 427: 3769: 3713: 3276: 2196: 2017: 761:. The work appeared in an exhibition whose curator described the piece in terms of power, hierarchies, and values: "The window panes have arrived as ' 5717: 5702: 5641: 4013: 3148: 2274: 5606: 6038: 3659: 3047: 1731: 6068: 6033: 567:

A Chief Wahoo sign in Winter Haven, Florida, 2007. At the team's new spring training grounds in Arizona, the logo is not prominently displayed.

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of Akron, Ohio declared this design "a lot better than the previous freebie shirt, which featured representations of three racing hot dogs".

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reported that the debate had not hurt the team's souvenir sales, which were better than those of any other team in the league at the time.

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rendition of Chief Wahoo. However, the stained-glass logo was not ultimately used on the cover. The unused concept was described in a

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President Bill Clinton, wearing a hat with the alternate block-C logo, throws the inaugural pitch of the 1994 baseball season.

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ran from 1936 to 1947. One questionable origin myth indicates that the names "Indians" and "Chief Wahoo" were meant to honor

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images in sports. One critic accused Clinton of "an apparent attempt to appease his 'politically correct' constituency".

371:. During the years the team trained in the Grapefruit League, a mural of Chief Wahoo was displayed on a nearby municipal 3848:"As the All-Star Game Goes on Without Chief Wahoo, Local Groups Say They'll Continue Pushing for Indians to Change Name" 5622: 3993: 2581: 1954: 784: 296: 61: 3000: 2661: 923: 4730: 4725: 3936: 3905: 3636: 2494: 1659: 1632: 1602: 1559: 1446: 1416: 908: 885: 796: 65: 3515: 482:

announced that Chief Wahoo would no longer be featured on future Hall of Fame plaques, starting with newly inducted

467:, described an early image featuring these uniforms as "a far cry from Chief Wahoo and other grinning caricatures". 5945: 4720: 3468:"A Bright Star Is Rising Over Cleveland : Cory Snyder Has Gone From College Ranks to MVP Candidate in 3 Years" 828: 2615: 2307: 6063: 5576: 5571: 5565: 4446: 4441: 1533: 690: 1406: 1317: 4828: 4818: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4152: 3534: 732:, a 12-metre (39 ft), neon-outline Chief Wahoo replica atop the abandoned Haus der Statistik building in 5559: 5554: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5111: 5105: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4941: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4157: 1879: 600:

New Era Caps released this image online, then said it had done so in error and the product would not be sold.

144:, pitched for the Indians for five years beginning in 1942, mostly as a starter. He was later traded to the 6043: 4231: 3898: 1498: 363:

In 2009, the Cleveland Indians moved their spring training operations from their Grapefruit League home in

285:). They considered replacing Chief Wahoo in 1993, but it was ultimately retained. Several years later, the 107: 1154:"The Curse of Chief Wahoo: Are we paying the price for embracing America's last acceptable racist symbol?" 5838: 4823: 4172: 4079: 3686:"Cleveland Indians owner Paul Dolan says team is keeping Chief Wahoo, but not as main logo – Terry Pluto" 3467: 1995: 278: 160:." In subsequent articles, Reynolds was again called "Chief Wahoo", "old Wahoo", and just plain "Wahoo". 5993: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 120: 111: 152:, under the title of "Chief Wahoo Whizzing", stated "Allie (Chief Wahoo) Reynolds, the copper-skinned 4099: 3051: 609: 421:

When Major League Baseball released a line of hats fashioned to resemble team mascots, a writer for

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The use of these alternative logos has at times proved newsworthy. In 1994, when then-President

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Continues", "Chief Wahoo: Brief History of a Civic Icon", and "Enthusiasm! That's Chief Wahoo!"

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of commissioned animations included an arrow skewering two players to signify a double-play.

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the face of the 1951 logo was incorporated into other full-body depictions of the character.

137:, Sockalexis' tribe, petitioned the Cleveland Indians to discontinue the use of Chief Wahoo. 50: 2118: 94: 5800: 4708: 4272: 4226: 4210: 4094: 3718: 2248: 2437: 8: 5909: 5743: 5727: 4623: 4267: 4237: 4132: 4109: 3983: 3921: 3746: 3253: 792: 758: 686: 630: 616: 523: 191:

on October 8, 2018. News outlets noted the irony of the logo's final appearance being on

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released an image of a hat with a flag-themed Chief Wahoo to be worn by the team on the

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as an Indian. The Chief Wahoo logo was last worn by the Indians in an 11–3 loss to the

5899: 5665: 5653: 4714: 3829:"Opinion: Chief Wahoo missing from Cleveland's All-Star Game, but mascot issue endures" 965: 933: 902: 812: 706: 392: 376: 257: 1318:"Indians choose to wear Chief Wahoo on Indigenous Peoples' Day, get swept out of ALDS" 1208: 5894: 5884: 5874: 5859: 5591: 4702: 4696: 4582: 4575: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4115: 4070: 4064: 3414: 3385: 2667: 2490: 1655: 1628: 1598: 1587: 1442: 1412: 1296: 970: 881: 716: 580: 572: 415: 368: 344: 282: 224: 130: 3329: 2405:"National Baseball Hall of Fame — Dressed to the Nines — Uniform Database" 2387:"National Baseball Hall of Fame — Dressed to the Nines — Uniform Database" 5646: 4251: 4104: 3690: 833: 678: 547:

Chief Wahoo was also absent from merchandise sold at FanFest activities during the

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This article is about the baseball team logo. For the comic strip character, see

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Elements of Chief Wahoo were incorporated into a collage that appeared in the

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In 2009, when the Cleveland Indians moved their spring training operations to

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intended to have a tree trunk carved into a depiction of Chief Wahoo at bat.

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has described comics of Chief Wahoo that would run on the front page of the

5919: 4665: 4619: 4604: 4599: 4350: 4089: 2730:. Northampton, Massachusetts: Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc. pp. 90–91. 667: 532: 398: 336: 232: 212: 196: 157: 86: 2195:. Cleveland Indians / Major League Baseball. March 4, 2013. Archived from 1563: 355: 5879: 4639: 4634: 4326: 4059: 3519: 3434:"Etch-A-Sketch artwork leads to GV Art + Design retail store in Lakewood" 2193:"Cleveland Indians, Domino's partner on new 'Wahoo Wednesdays' promotion" 2062:"The Mercury from Pottstown, Pennsylvania on December 16, 1949 · Page 12" 1651:

Encyclopedia of Major League Baseball Team Histories: The American League

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Game Worn: Baseball Treasures from the Game's Greatest Heroes and Moments

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on the logo, along with the words "Tribe" and "Wahoo", and prevent their

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hired the J.F. Novak Company, designers of patches worn by the Cleveland

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National Coalition on Racism in Sports and Media poster with Chief Wahoo

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List of sports team names and mascots derived from Indigenous peoples

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Similar events played out several years later. In 2013, manufacturer

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A comprehensive gallery of Cleveland Indians logos can be seen here

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The Chief Wahoo logo was last worn by the Indians in a loss to the

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introduced special caps with each team's cap logo woven into the "

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Stereotypes of Indigenous peoples of Canada and the United States

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The Curse of Rocky Colavito: A Loving Look at a Thirty-Year Slump

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names or symbols by non-native sports teams is a harmful form of

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sculpture versions of King Neptune and a man in a swimming pool.

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asked players how the uniforms should look. Bavasi has described

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The Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and American Culture, 1998

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as "an effort to distance the franchise from the controversy".

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The original incarnation of Chief Wahoo, used from 1946 to 1950

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years of his life. He died in December 2017 at the age of 88.

31:

Logo formerly used by the Cleveland Indians baseball franchise

3660:"Cleveland unveils new team name, logos: Cleveland Guardians" 3149:"Cleveland Indians 'Chief Wahoo' Fourth of July Hat Replaced" 1898: 753:, Gaillard silkscreened the logo onto a salvaged window from 737: 591: 2663:

Encyclopedia of Sports Management and Marketing, Volumes 1–4

2608:"A chief beef: Some teams still seem insensitive to Indians" 1499:"Chief Wahoo cheers HR in Cleveland stadium (photo caption)" 207: 3805: 3050:. Cleveland Indians / Major League Baseball. Archived from 2169:. Cleveland Indians / Major League Baseball. Archived from 961:"Cleveland Indians Will Abandon Chief Wahoo Logo Next Year" 634:

called it "the most offensive Cleveland Indians hat ever".

464: 359:

Chief Wahoo on a water tower in Winter Haven, Florida, 2007

3798:"Ejected From the Field, Chief Wahoo's Still A Hot Seller" 2885:"The incremental marginalization of Chief Wahoo continues" 2728:

Intellectual Property and Traditional Cultural Expressions

2018:"Walter Goldbach, creator of Chief Wahoo logo, dies at 88" 1593:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 3025: 2836:"There Were No Chief Wahoo Hats at All-Star Game FanFest" 1792:"Chief Wahoo still a divisive symbol in Cleveland sports" 1589:

Imagining Baseball: America's Pastime and Popular Culture

1119:"All hail to the 'chief': Wahoo designer visits Emeritus" 5936:

Contemporary Native American issues in the United States

3330:"Ugly tree stump turned into Wahoo shrine for Tribe fan" 3001:"Will the AL and NL ever agree on the DH? Hey, Hoynsie!" 2036:"Cleveland Indians, Chief Wahoo statue plus Rempel doll" 1430: 1428: 1000:"Cleveland Indians will remove Chief Wahoo logo in 2019" 3535:"Talk about a long road trip – Chief Wahoo's in Berlin" 1929:"Water tower's Wahoo mug to receive delicate face-lift" 540:

controversy was heightened by Memphis' location on the

5621: 4258:

Philadelphia Athletics 18, Cleveland Indians 17 (1932)

1907:"Battle Flag of USS Cleveland retired at Jacobs Field" 579:. Explaining that Wahoo's absence from the city-owned 386: 251:

reassured him, "Nah, it shouldn't. Really looks like

5991: 1425: 494:

on October 8, 2018. Coincidentally, the game fell on

343:. The flag had previously flown over center field at 391:

An early piece of Chief Wahoo merchandise depicts a

2800: 2798: 2796: 2794: 1553: 1551: 1368: 1366: 1235:"Why are the Cleveland Indians called the Indians?" 1050: 1048: 1027:"HALL OF FAME STATEMENT ON JIM THOME'S PLAQUE LOGO" 642:Chief Wahoo has also appeared in numerous works of 129:, an outfielder for the Indians' predecessors, the 3603: 2968: 2966: 1586: 924:"Indians to stop using Wahoo logo starting in '19" 518: 441: 45:was a logo used by the Cleveland Indians (now the 3639:. American Psychological Association. August 2010 2862:"FanFest and what it might say about Chief Wahoo" 2513:. Exhibits.baseballhalloffame.org. Archived from 2489:. Sterling Publishing Company. pp. 37, 190. 2363:. Exhibits.baseballhalloffame.org. Archived from 2331:"Filmmaker screens attack on Tribe's Chief Wahoo" 1947: 1616: 1614: 310: 6015: 3552: 2791: 2721: 2719: 2699:"Clinton's Doubleheader: Two Cities, Two Sports" 2185: 1982:"Indians Leave Florida, but Wahoo Still Remains" 1854:"Cleveland's Chief Wahoo Lights Up with a Smile" 1814: 1548: 1363: 1045: 6024:20th-century controversies in the United States 3943:Former names (all in Cleveland unless noted) - 3425: 3221:"The Most Offensive Cleveland Indians Hat Ever" 2963: 2599: 2573: 558: 509:Encyclopedia of Sports Management and Marketing 3400: 3356:"Indians fan gets permanent visit from mascot" 3175:"MLB axes the Chief Wahoo July 4th cap design" 2935: 2933: 2931: 2902: 2829: 2827: 2743:"From Taft to Obama, Ceremonial First Pitches" 1996:"Winter Haven unveils water tower, city pride" 1611: 1578: 1491: 1400: 1398: 1396: 1188:Netzel, Andy; Goldbach, Walter (August 2008). 1187: 5607: 3906: 3629: 3583: 3581: 3461: 3459: 3268: 3189: 3040: 2855: 2853: 2716: 2322: 2268: 2266: 2104: 2102: 1880:"Staff at Western Reserve Historical Society" 1750: 1668: 1641: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1112: 1110: 1108: 1106: 1104: 450:Chief Wahoo appears on the sleeve of pitcher 350: 3347: 3248: 3246: 3212: 2692: 2690: 2660:Linda E. Swayne and Mark Dodds, ed. (2011). 2292: 1724: 1707:"Indians will keep logo, despite objections" 1698: 1147: 1145: 1143: 1141: 1139: 1056:"Thome HOF plaque won't feature Chief Wahoo" 231:During his tenure as president of the team, 5956:Native American mascot laws and regulations 3609: 3526: 3294: 3256:. US Department of Labor. December 11, 2002 3146: 3018: 2992: 2928: 2824: 2734: 2653: 2220:"The 18 creepiest caps for sale on MLB.com" 2159: 2054: 1921: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1393: 1183: 1181: 1179: 1077: 1075: 1073: 1071: 1069: 849:List of ethnic sports team and mascot names 779:Cleveland Indians name and logo controversy 728:In 2011, artist Cyprien Gaillard installed 511:has described the new hats and team mascot 18:Cleveland Indians name and logo controversy 5614: 5600: 3913: 3899: 3578: 3561:"Contemporary Art and Economics in Berlin" 3456: 3431: 3172: 3140: 2972: 2882: 2850: 2630: 2605: 2579: 2429: 2263: 2237: 2211: 2099: 2028: 1467: 1465: 1434: 1408:Louis Sockalexis and the Cleveland Indians 1275: 1101: 869: 867: 865: 4731:Dominican Summer League Guardians Mendoza 3767: 3321: 3243: 2687: 2548: 2546: 2544: 1988: 1973: 1732:"Chief Wahoo's Domain is Still Turbulent" 1654:. Mecklermedia Corporation. p. 127. 1620: 1584: 1136: 997: 958: 704:were scheduled to appear on the cover of 140:Another Native American baseball player, 84:In 1932, the front page of the Cleveland 70:National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum 3373: 3274: 3166: 3114: 2725: 2328: 2133: 1820: 1789: 1776: 1756: 1647: 1309: 1176: 1151: 1066: 873: 595: 562: 522: 445: 354: 317: 206: 93: 33: 4726:Dominican Summer League Guardians Goryl 3920: 3795: 3612:"Why Is this Indian Smiling—in Berlin?" 3353: 3327: 3305:. Major League Baseball. Archived from 3088: 2484: 2478: 2415: 2397: 2300:"Chief Wahoo needs an early retirement" 2247:. Major League Baseball. Archived from 2245:"Cleveland Indians 'Slider' Mascot Cap" 2111:"Fired-up Tribe ready to battle Tigers" 1979: 1904: 1704: 1517: 1473:"New Scoreboard Set for Cleveland Park" 1462: 1206: 1200: 921: 862: 637: 272: 6039:Native American cultural appropriation 6016: 3739: 3558: 3532: 3507: 3300: 3218: 3094: 2998: 2911:"Cap week: Time to retire Chief Wahoo" 2908: 2833: 2740: 2641:. Great Lakes Geek. pp. 7:22–9:15 2636: 2541: 2329:Greening, Bryant (November 11, 2006). 2078: 2072: 1905:Sheehan, Michael (September 1, 2006). 1686:from the original on December 13, 2021 1404: 1342: 1116: 6069:Native American-related controversies 6034:Stereotypes of Native American people 5595: 4743: 4178:Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game 3894: 3768:Blackburn, Pete (November 19, 2018). 3683: 3657: 3465: 3195: 3120: 2859: 2804: 2766: 2580:Sangiacomo, Michael (April 1, 2012). 2487:Baseball Uniforms of the 20th Century 2444:from the original on January 11, 2010 2435: 2272: 2217: 2108: 1288: 1209:"Owner to Decide Fate of Chief Wahoo" 1081: 998:Siemaszko, Corky (January 29, 2018). 959:Waldstein, David (January 29, 2018). 655:Employees' Compensation Appeals Board 255:." Blyleven made a similar remark to 5786:NCAA Native American mascot decision 3711: 2696: 2606:Barrientos, Tonya (March 16, 2002). 2438:"Capturing America's sports history" 2436:Hruby, Patrick (November 17, 2009). 1998:. Polk State College. April 27, 2012 1872: 1852:Western Reserve Historical Society. 1523: 1372: 1315: 993: 991: 954: 952: 950: 922:Bastian, Jordan (January 29, 2018). 501: 277:In 1994, the Indians moved from the 6054:Major League Baseball controversies 3826: 3301:Briggs, David (September 4, 2007). 3275:Dillaway, Warren (August 4, 2006). 3048:"Cleveland Indians Spring Training" 1705:Sheeran, Thomas J. (July 2, 1993). 1190:"Life According to Walter Goldbach" 1084:"The Secret History of Chief Wahoo" 723: 387:Merchandise and promotional tie-ins 367:to their new Cactus League home in 202: 13: 6059:Major League Baseball team mascots 5642:Tomahawk chop and name controversy 5623:Native American mascot controversy 3845: 3616:Indian Country Today Media Network 3513: 3432:Livingston, Tom (August 9, 2013). 3379: 3173:Calcaterra, Craig (June 6, 2013). 3153:Indian Country Today Media Network 2909:Liscio, Stephanie (May 13, 2011). 2883:Calcaterra, Craig (June 4, 2012). 2552: 2141:"Chief Wahoo Chocolate Bar Debuts" 1624:The Cleveland Indians Encyclopedia 1557: 1343:Hannon, Elliot (October 9, 2018). 1152:Pattakos, Peter (April 25, 2012). 874:Wong, Stephen; Grob, Dave (2016). 785:Native American mascot controversy 657:described the actions of a former 297:Western Reserve Historical Society 68:, with it also barred from future 62:Native American mascot controversy 14: 6080: 4744: 4222:Indians name and logo controversy 3874: 3740:Bogage, Jacob (October 9, 2018). 3354:Turrisi, T.J. (August 13, 2007). 2973:Calcaterra, Tim (March 8, 2012). 2466:. Exhibits.baseballhalloffame.org 2083:. Sports on Earth. Archived from 2081:"The All-Time Worst Mascot Fails" 1980:Sargent, Scott (March 12, 2009). 988: 947: 215:wearing a Chief Wahoo cap in 1996 102:In 1947, Cleveland Indians owner 6049:Fictional Native American people 6001: 5946:Indigenous intellectual property 4721:Arizona Complex League Guardians 3839: 3820: 3796:Barnett, David (June 28, 2019). 3789: 3761: 3733: 3705: 3677: 3651: 2947:. April 12, 2009. Archived from 2109:Marks, Craig (August 18, 2011). 2038:. Cowan Auctions. Archived from 1738:. Associated Press. July 2, 1993 1524:Wulf, Steve (January 28, 1985). 1373:Hart, Torrey (October 8, 2018). 1117:Foster, Gayle (April 15, 2012). 829:Native American name controversy 807:. However, as to maintain their 592:"Stars and stripes" logo variant 38:The final version of Chief Wahoo 5813:Fighting Sioux name controversy 3712:Webb, Craig (October 8, 2016). 3533:Suttel, Scott (July 29, 2011). 3485: 3466:Crowe, Jerry (March 22, 1987). 3066: 2876: 2760: 2741:Kepner, Tyler (April 5, 2010). 2697:Jehl, Douglas (April 5, 1994). 2529: 2511:"Cleveland uniforms, 1947–1985" 2503: 2485:Okkonen, Mark (December 1993). 2464:"Cleveland uniforms, 1901–1950" 2456: 2409:exhibits.baseballhalloffame.org 2391:exhibits.baseballhalloffame.org 2379: 2353: 2306:. April 7, 1999. Archived from 2273:Silka, Zach (October 3, 2007). 2218:Kaduk, Kevin (August 7, 2012). 2143:. June 17, 2005. Archived from 2010: 1845: 1441:. McFarland. pp. 138–153. 1336: 1245: 1227: 1033:(Press release). March 21, 2018 519:Notable uses of alternate logos 442:Depiction on Cleveland uniforms 281:to Jacobs Field (later renamed 6029:Anti-Indigenous racism in Ohio 5844:List of secondary school teams 4568:World Series championships (2) 4153:2021 MLB Little League Classic 3684:Pluto, Terry (April 1, 2016). 3610:ICTMN Staff (August 3, 2011). 3559:Marcus, J.S. (July 29, 2011). 2805:Bondy, Filip (March 8, 2007). 1821:Podolski, Mark (May 6, 2013). 1790:Podolski, Mark (May 5, 2013). 1757:McNichol, Tom (July 6, 1997). 1316:Baer, Bill (October 8, 2018). 1207:Affleck, John (May 28, 1999). 1019: 915: 772: 1: 5818:San Diego State Aztec Warrior 5718:Original Americans Foundation 4024:Opening Day starting pitchers 3658:Lyons, Matt (July 23, 2021). 3410:Tribe Tract & Testimonial 3095:Gaines, Cork (June 4, 2013). 3028:. United States Census Bureau 2999:Hoynes, Paul (May 18, 2013). 2834:Allard, Sam (July 17, 2013). 2079:Tanier, Mike (May 16, 2013). 1082:Ricca, Brad (June 19, 2014). 907:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 855: 675:Tribe Tract & Testimonial 4527:American League pennants (6) 3219:Allard, Sam (June 6, 2013). 3196:Lukas, Paul (June 6, 2013). 3147:ICTMN Staff (June 6, 2013). 3121:Axisa, Mike (June 6, 2013). 2860:Neyer, Rob (July 16, 2013). 2767:Rhode, John B. (Fall 1994). 2639:"Interview with Larry Dolan" 2361:"Cleveland uniforms in 1921" 402:cartoonist Fred G. Reinert. 7: 5839:Sports teams named Redskins 4456:Division championships (12) 4360:Postseason appearances (17) 2773:Marquette Sports Law Review 1648:Bjarkman, Peter C. (1991). 880:. Smithsonian Institution. 822: 696:In 1987, Cleveland players 279:Cleveland Municipal Stadium 225:Cleveland Municipal Stadium 10: 6085: 3886:Vernon Bellecourt obituary 3539:Crain's Cleveland Business 3516:"Stained Image thumbnails" 3328:WKYC-TV (March 31, 2008). 3177:. NBC Sports Hardball Talk 1621:Schneider, Russel (2004). 776: 559:Use during spring training 351:Use during spring training 148:. On October 6, 1950, the 79: 21: 15: 5928: 5852: 5831: 5778: 5749:name and logo controversy 5736: 5688: 5681: 5659:name and logo controversy 5630:Professional sports teams 5629: 5547: 5486: 5425: 5364: 5303: 5242: 5181: 5120: 5057: 4996: 4933: 4872: 4811: 4750: 4739: 4684: 4592: 4567: 4526: 4455: 4359: 4318: 4295: 4232:Len Barker's perfect game 4163:The Longest Scoreless Tie 4125: 4100:Clearwater Athletic Field 4052: 3982: 3930: 3382:"Book Review: Time Stops" 2726:Zografos, Daphne (2010). 1585:McGimpsey, David (2000). 650:. A 2002 decision by the 53:(MLB) franchise based in 4173:Addie Joss' perfect game 4143:1994 corked bat incident 4138:1948 AL tie-breaker game 2889:NBC Sports Hardball Talk 1984:. Waiting for Next Year. 1759:"A Major-League Insult?" 1560:"Chief Wahoo, Revisited" 1526:"Baseball's Dutch Treat" 749:In another work, titled 471:Sesquicentennial patch. 247:groups, but that player 5796:Florida State Seminoles 4200:Curse of Rocky Colavito 4168:Addie Joss Benefit Game 4039:First-round draft picks 2807:"Selig's uncivil wrong" 1763:The Kingman Daily Miner 1123:The Post (Medina, Ohio) 743:The Wall Street Journal 496:Indigenous Peoples' Day 327:For several years, the 193:Indigenous Peoples' Day 6064:Native American topics 5941:Cultural appropriation 5832:Youth and school teams 4279:The Kid from Cleveland 4195:Cleveland sports curse 4148:2013 AL Wild Card Game 3495:. www.boston.com. 1987 3438:WEWS-TV News Channel 5 3076:. Yahoo!. May 20, 2009 2945:Cleveland Plain Dealer 1405:Fleitz, David (2002). 652:US Department of Labor 601: 568: 549:2013 MLB All-Star Game 528: 455: 360: 324: 216: 177:Cleveland Plain Dealer 99: 76:sold outside of Ohio. 60:As part of the larger 39: 5823:List of college teams 5766:Golden State Warriors 5703:Name change advocates 4286:The Pitch That Killed 4014:Owners and executives 3945:Grand Rapids Rustlers 3493:"Picture of SI cover" 3472:The Los Angeles Times 3408:Worldcat listing for 3026:"U.S. Census website" 2612:Philadelphia Inquirer 2555:"Wahooism in the USA" 1503:Youngstown-Vindicator 1477:The Victoria Advocate 1289:Pluto, Terry (2007). 606:Major League Baseball 599: 577:Winter Haven, Florida 566: 526: 480:Baseball Hall of Fame 449: 365:Winter Haven, Florida 358: 321: 311:Battle flag over USS 210: 97: 57:, from 1951 to 2018. 51:Major League Baseball 37: 5801:Osceola and Renegade 4709:Lake County Captains 4211:Guardians of Traffic 4095:Terry Park Ballfield 3719:Akron Beacon-Journal 2637:Hanson, Dan (2006). 2425:. December 17, 2010. 2341:on December 29, 2007 2310:on September 1, 2013 2121:on September 2, 2013 2068:. December 16, 1949. 2024:. December 15, 2017. 1680:The Morning Exchange 1263:on December 24, 2018 710:posed in front of a 638:Folk art and fan art 273:Move to Jacobs Field 6044:Cleveland Guardians 5728:Washington Redhawks 5690:Washington Redskins 4268:Ten Cent Beer Night 4133:1910 Chalmers Award 4110:Chain of Lakes Park 3923:Cleveland Guardians 3747:The Washington Post 3664:Covering the Corner 3565:Wall Street Journal 3388:on October 29, 2013 3309:on November 1, 2007 3225:The Cleveland Scene 2811:New York Daily News 2517:on October 29, 2013 2367:on October 29, 2013 2199:on October 29, 2013 2173:on October 29, 2013 2042:on October 29, 2013 1886:on October 25, 2012 1796:The Morning Journal 1536:on October 29, 2013 1241:. January 29, 2018. 1164:on January 20, 2013 1158:The Cleveland Scene 793:ethnic stereotyping 759:Palast der Republik 687:Cleveland Cavaliers 631:The Cleveland Scene 47:Cleveland Guardians 5900:Mary Kathryn Nagle 5666:Kansas City Chiefs 5654:Chicago Blackhawks 4715:Lynchburg Hillcats 4158:22-game win streak 3858:on January 9, 2021 3522:on March 22, 2011. 3444:on August 25, 2013 2747:The New York Times 2703:The New York Times 1935:. November 3, 1993 1736:The New York Times 1530:Sports Illustrated 1479:. Associated Press 1215:. Associated Press 1194:Cleveland Magazine 966:The New York Times 934:MLB Advanced Media 817:2019 All-Star Game 707:Sports Illustrated 602: 569: 529: 456: 377:Polk State College 361: 325: 258:Sports Illustrated 217: 211:Indians shortstop 171:Ohio sportswriter 100: 40: 5989: 5988: 5895:Jacqueline Keeler 5885:Suzan Shown Harjo 5875:Stephanie Fryberg 5860:Amanda Blackhorse 5774: 5773: 5744:Cleveland Indians 5708:Trademark dispute 5589: 5588: 5585: 5584: 4703:Akron RubberDucks 4697:Columbus Clippers 4343:General manager: 4116:Goodyear Ballpark 4078:Spring training: 4071:Progressive Field 4065:Cleveland Stadium 3360:Meadville Tribune 2838:. Cleveland Scene 2673:978-1-4129-7382-3 1566:on March 30, 2012 1351:. The Slate Group 1302:978-1-59851-035-5 1062:. March 21, 2018. 851:(all ethnicities) 717:Los Angeles Times 610:Stars and Stripes 581:Goodyear Ballpark 573:Goodyear, Arizona 502:Alternative logos 369:Goodyear, Arizona 345:Cleveland Stadium 283:Progressive Field 131:Cleveland Spiders 6076: 6006: 6005: 6004: 5997: 5853:Change advocates 5761:Edmonton Eskimos 5698:Name controversy 5686: 5685: 5671:name controversy 5647:Chief Noc-A-Homa 5616: 5609: 5602: 5593: 5592: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4741: 4740: 4688: 4126:Culture and lore 4105:Hi Corbett Field 3986: 3973: 3939: 3924: 3915: 3908: 3901: 3892: 3891: 3868: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3854:. Archived from 3843: 3837: 3836: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3793: 3787: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3765: 3759: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3737: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3709: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3691:The Plain Dealer 3681: 3675: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3655: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3633: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3607: 3601: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3585: 3576: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3556: 3550: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3530: 3524: 3523: 3518:. 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Archived from 1149: 1134: 1133: 1131: 1129: 1114: 1099: 1098: 1096: 1094: 1079: 1064: 1063: 1052: 1043: 1042: 1040: 1038: 1031:BaseballHall.org 1023: 1017: 1016: 1014: 1012: 995: 986: 985: 983: 981: 956: 945: 944: 942: 940: 919: 913: 912: 906: 898: 896: 894: 871: 834:Chief Noc-A-Homa 724:Other depictions 679:Cleveland Browns 454:'s uniform, 1953 432:bobblehead dolls 408:West Side Leader 288:Associated Press 203:Later variations 146:New York Yankees 127:Louis Sockalexis 6084: 6083: 6079: 6078: 6077: 6075: 6074: 6073: 6014: 6013: 6012: 6002: 6000: 5992: 5990: 5985: 5924: 5915:Charlene Teters 5848: 5827: 5791:Chief Illiniwek 5770: 5732: 5677: 5625: 5620: 5590: 5581: 5543: 5482: 5421: 5360: 5299: 5238: 5177: 5116: 5053: 4992: 4929: 4868: 4807: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4746: 4735: 4686: 4680: 4588: 4563: 4522: 4451: 4355: 4339:Chris Antonetti 4314: 4308:Cincinnati Reds 4291: 4245:Major League II 4189:Cleveland Rocks 4121: 4048: 3984: 3978: 3972:Cleveland, Ohio 3971: 3967: 3942: 3937: 3934:Established in 3926: 3922: 3919: 3877: 3872: 3871: 3861: 3859: 3852:Cleveland Scene 3844: 3840: 3827:Lacques, Gabe. 3825: 3821: 3811: 3809: 3794: 3790: 3780: 3778: 3766: 3762: 3752: 3750: 3738: 3734: 3724: 3722: 3710: 3706: 3696: 3694: 3682: 3678: 3668: 3666: 3656: 3652: 3642: 3640: 3635: 3634: 3630: 3620: 3618: 3608: 3604: 3594: 3592: 3587: 3586: 3579: 3569: 3567: 3557: 3553: 3543: 3541: 3531: 3527: 3512: 3508: 3498: 3496: 3491: 3490: 3486: 3476: 3474: 3464: 3457: 3447: 3445: 3430: 3426: 3406: 3405: 3401: 3391: 3389: 3380:Nevard, David. 3378: 3374: 3364: 3362: 3352: 3348: 3338: 3336: 3326: 3322: 3312: 3310: 3299: 3295: 3285: 3283: 3281:The Star Beacon 3273: 3269: 3259: 3257: 3252: 3251: 3244: 3234: 3232: 3231:on June 9, 2013 3217: 3213: 3203: 3201: 3194: 3190: 3180: 3178: 3171: 3167: 3157: 3155: 3145: 3141: 3131: 3129: 3119: 3115: 3105: 3103: 3093: 3089: 3079: 3077: 3072: 3071: 3067: 3057: 3055: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3031: 3029: 3024: 3023: 3019: 3009: 3007: 2997: 2993: 2983: 2981: 2971: 2964: 2954: 2952: 2939: 2938: 2929: 2919: 2917: 2915:ESPN Sweet Spot 2907: 2903: 2893: 2891: 2881: 2877: 2867: 2865: 2858: 2851: 2841: 2839: 2832: 2825: 2815: 2813: 2803: 2792: 2782: 2780: 2765: 2761: 2751: 2749: 2739: 2735: 2724: 2717: 2707: 2705: 2695: 2688: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2658: 2654: 2644: 2642: 2635: 2631: 2621: 2619: 2604: 2600: 2590: 2588: 2578: 2574: 2564: 2562: 2561:on May 14, 2013 2553:Nevard, David. 2551: 2542: 2534: 2530: 2520: 2518: 2509: 2508: 2504: 2497: 2483: 2479: 2469: 2467: 2462: 2461: 2457: 2447: 2445: 2434: 2430: 2421: 2420: 2416: 2403: 2402: 2398: 2385: 2384: 2380: 2370: 2368: 2359: 2358: 2354: 2344: 2342: 2335:The Athens News 2327: 2323: 2313: 2311: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2283: 2281: 2271: 2264: 2254: 2252: 2251:on July 2, 2012 2243: 2242: 2238: 2228: 2226: 2216: 2212: 2202: 2200: 2191: 2190: 2186: 2176: 2174: 2165: 2164: 2160: 2150: 2148: 2147:on June 5, 2013 2139: 2138: 2134: 2124: 2122: 2107: 2100: 2090: 2088: 2087:on May 20, 2013 2077: 2073: 2060: 2059: 2055: 2045: 2043: 2034: 2033: 2029: 2016: 2015: 2011: 2001: 1999: 1994: 1993: 1989: 1978: 1974: 1964: 1962: 1953: 1952: 1948: 1938: 1936: 1933:Lakeland Ledger 1927: 1926: 1922: 1912: 1910: 1903: 1899: 1889: 1887: 1878: 1877: 1873: 1863: 1861: 1850: 1846: 1836: 1834: 1827:The News-Herald 1819: 1815: 1805: 1803: 1788: 1777: 1767: 1765: 1755: 1751: 1741: 1739: 1730: 1729: 1725: 1715: 1713: 1703: 1699: 1689: 1687: 1674: 1673: 1669: 1662: 1646: 1642: 1635: 1619: 1612: 1605: 1583: 1579: 1569: 1567: 1558:Fleitz, David. 1556: 1549: 1539: 1537: 1522: 1518: 1508: 1506: 1497: 1496: 1492: 1482: 1480: 1471: 1470: 1463: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1433: 1426: 1419: 1403: 1394: 1384: 1382: 1371: 1364: 1354: 1352: 1341: 1337: 1327: 1325: 1314: 1310: 1303: 1287: 1276: 1266: 1264: 1257:Cleveland Scene 1251: 1250: 1246: 1233: 1232: 1228: 1218: 1216: 1205: 1201: 1186: 1177: 1167: 1165: 1150: 1137: 1127: 1125: 1115: 1102: 1092: 1090: 1080: 1067: 1054: 1053: 1046: 1036: 1034: 1025: 1024: 1020: 1010: 1008: 996: 989: 979: 977: 957: 948: 938: 936: 920: 916: 900: 899: 892: 890: 888: 872: 863: 858: 825: 789:Native American 783:As part of the 781: 775: 726: 640: 594: 561: 521: 504: 444: 389: 353: 316: 275: 245:Native American 205: 122:Big Chief Wahoo 82: 55:Cleveland, Ohio 32: 27: 24:Big Chief Wahoo 20: 12: 11: 5: 6082: 6072: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6011: 6010: 5987: 5986: 5984: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5932: 5930: 5926: 5925: 5923: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5890:Adrienne Keene 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5856: 5854: 5850: 5849: 5847: 5846: 5841: 5835: 5833: 5829: 5828: 5826: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5809: 5808: 5806:Sammy Seminole 5803: 5793: 5788: 5782: 5780: 5776: 5775: 5772: 5771: 5769: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5757: 5756: 5751: 5740: 5738: 5734: 5733: 5731: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5694: 5692: 5683: 5679: 5678: 5676: 5675: 5674: 5673: 5663: 5662: 5661: 5651: 5650: 5649: 5644: 5637:Atlanta Braves 5633: 5631: 5627: 5626: 5619: 5618: 5611: 5604: 5596: 5587: 5586: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5562: 5557: 5551: 5549: 5545: 5544: 5542: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5490: 5488: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5429: 5427: 5423: 5422: 5420: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5368: 5366: 5362: 5361: 5359: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5307: 5305: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5246: 5244: 5240: 5239: 5237: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5185: 5183: 5179: 5178: 5176: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5124: 5122: 5118: 5117: 5115: 5114: 5109: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5061: 5059: 5055: 5054: 5052: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5000: 4998: 4994: 4993: 4991: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4937: 4935: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4876: 4874: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4815: 4813: 4809: 4808: 4806: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4754: 4752: 4748: 4747: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4717: 4711: 4705: 4699: 4692: 4690: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4596: 4594: 4593:Hall of Famers 4590: 4589: 4587: 4586: 4579: 4571: 4569: 4565: 4564: 4562: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4530: 4528: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4459: 4457: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4363: 4361: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4353: 4347: 4341: 4335: 4331:Chairman/CEO: 4329: 4322: 4320: 4316: 4315: 4313: 4312: 4311: 4310: 4299: 4297: 4293: 4292: 4290: 4289: 4282: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4248: 4241: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4207: 4205:Frank Robinson 4202: 4197: 4192: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4129: 4127: 4123: 4122: 4120: 4119: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4085:Heinemann Park 4082: 4075: 4074: 4067: 4062: 4056: 4054: 4050: 4049: 4047: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3990: 3988: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3976: 3931: 3928: 3927: 3918: 3917: 3910: 3903: 3895: 3889: 3888: 3883: 3876: 3875:External links 3873: 3870: 3869: 3846:Pedone, Nick. 3838: 3819: 3788: 3760: 3732: 3704: 3676: 3650: 3628: 3602: 3577: 3551: 3525: 3506: 3484: 3455: 3424: 3399: 3372: 3346: 3320: 3293: 3267: 3242: 3211: 3188: 3165: 3139: 3113: 3087: 3065: 3039: 3017: 2991: 2962: 2927: 2901: 2875: 2849: 2823: 2790: 2759: 2733: 2715: 2686: 2672: 2652: 2629: 2598: 2572: 2540: 2528: 2502: 2495: 2477: 2455: 2428: 2414: 2396: 2378: 2352: 2321: 2291: 2262: 2236: 2210: 2184: 2158: 2132: 2098: 2071: 2066:Newspapers.com 2053: 2027: 2009: 1987: 1972: 1946: 1920: 1897: 1871: 1860:on May 4, 2013 1844: 1813: 1775: 1749: 1723: 1697: 1667: 1660: 1640: 1633: 1610: 1603: 1577: 1547: 1516: 1490: 1461: 1447: 1424: 1417: 1392: 1362: 1335: 1308: 1301: 1274: 1244: 1226: 1199: 1175: 1135: 1100: 1065: 1044: 1018: 987: 946: 914: 886: 860: 859: 857: 854: 853: 852: 846: 841: 836: 831: 824: 821: 777:Main article: 774: 771: 757:'s demolished 725: 722: 659:letter carrier 639: 636: 621:Fourth of July 593: 590: 560: 557: 542:Trail of Tears 520: 517: 503: 500: 488:Houston Astros 443: 440: 416:Domino's Pizza 388: 385: 352: 349: 315: 309: 274: 271: 204: 201: 185:Houston Astros 142:Allie Reynolds 81: 78: 30: 16:Main article: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6081: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6021: 6019: 6009: 5999: 5998: 5995: 5982: 5981:Tomahawk chop 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5951:List of teams 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5933: 5931: 5927: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5865:Brett Chapman 5863: 5861: 5858: 5857: 5855: 5851: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5836: 5834: 5830: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5798: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5779:College teams 5777: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5746: 5745: 5742: 5741: 5739: 5735: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5713:Opinion polls 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5687: 5684: 5680: 5672: 5669: 5668: 5667: 5664: 5660: 5657: 5656: 5655: 5652: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5639: 5638: 5635: 5634: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5617: 5612: 5610: 5605: 5603: 5598: 5597: 5594: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5567: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5552: 5550: 5546: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 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5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5062: 5060: 5056: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4995: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4943: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4932: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4871: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4810: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4749: 4745:Seasons (130) 4742: 4738: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4718: 4716: 4712: 4710: 4706: 4704: 4700: 4698: 4694: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4683: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4625: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4597: 4595: 4591: 4585: 4584: 4580: 4578: 4577: 4573: 4572: 4570: 4566: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4531: 4529: 4525: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4460: 4458: 4454: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4358: 4352: 4348: 4346: 4345:Mike Chernoff 4342: 4340: 4336: 4334: 4330: 4328: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4319:Key personnel 4317: 4309: 4306: 4305: 4304: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4294: 4288: 4287: 4283: 4281: 4280: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4253: 4249: 4247: 4246: 4242: 4240: 4239: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4212: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4190: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4130: 4128: 4124: 4118: 4117: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4080:Athletic Park 4077: 4076: 4073: 4072: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4057: 4055: 4051: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4034:Award winners 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3981: 3975: 3974: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3941: 3940: 3933: 3932: 3929: 3925: 3916: 3911: 3909: 3904: 3902: 3897: 3896: 3893: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3878: 3862:September 15, 3857: 3853: 3849: 3842: 3834: 3830: 3823: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3792: 3777: 3776: 3771: 3764: 3749: 3748: 3743: 3736: 3721: 3720: 3715: 3708: 3693: 3692: 3687: 3680: 3665: 3661: 3654: 3638: 3632: 3617: 3613: 3606: 3590: 3584: 3582: 3566: 3562: 3555: 3540: 3536: 3529: 3521: 3517: 3510: 3494: 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