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reports of the disappearance of the
Israeli boats from Cherbourg, correctly guessed the boat's nationalities and true destination, then flashed the signal "bon voyage". The Israelis took it as a signal that the British understood who they were. The boats were spotted by television crews in the Mediterranean as they travelled fast towards Israel, hugging the coast of
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1036:. For his leadership, Schachal was awarded the Israel Defense Prize. The Israeli Navy went on to win the sea battles with the Egyptian and Syrian navies with zero casualties and losses. The Israeli Navy became a pioneer in modern naval missile warfare, resulting in their successes in the Yom Kippur War in 1973.
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in civilian clothes who arrived in groups of two at different destinations throughout Europe as tourists, and then travelled to
Cherbourg. It was feared that sending them all to Cherbourg at once would alert French intelligence. They were ordered to keep moving between hotels, and not to stay in any
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visited the boats in response to inhabitants' complaints, and received the explanations that the electrical supply from the shore was not enough to warm the boats during the cold days of
December. The boats received an authorization from the electrical company and police to operate their engines at
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Prior to the escape, the boats had to be fuelled with a large amount of diesel and stocked with enough food to sustain an eight-day voyage. Stocking and fuelling this amount all at once could have alerted observers to the fact that a long voyage was planned. Commander Rinat, the head of operations,
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The front company feigned interest in the boats as potential survey ships for searching for oil, and declared that the boats' specifications met their needs. To add to the deception Limon pretended to have "tough negotiations" with
Starboat. The terms agreed were that the boats would be transferred
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The flotilla's working up was overseen by
Captain Hadar Kimhi, who was later promoted to commodore commanding the Naval base of Haifa. New concepts of sea missile warfare were developed by the navy and new ECM/EW techniques were developed with the leadership of Captain Herut Zemach who was awarded
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As the boats passed
Gibraltar into the Mediterranean, the British monitoring station flashed a signal, asking the boats to identify themselves. The boats gave no reply, and a Lloyd's helicopter circling over them detected no flags or identity numbers. The British personnel, who had heard the media
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A special filter was needed to make sure no dirt from tanks would contaminate the boat's tanks and engines. This filter was improvised by
Brillant. It was capable of fuelling five boats, but only two at a time were fuelled at the ship's stern. The overall conversion and drill took twelve hours.
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on the night of the escape, and after the weather worsened, the departure time was extended to 22:30, but the escape was again delayed by worsening weather. Captain Hadar Kimhi received urgent coded messages from Israel ordering him to set sail despite the weather, but he decided to wait. At
780:(Arrow). It was not initially known whether the water was seawater; if it was, it could not be drained and might damage the engines. Commander Rinat asked the crew to taste the fuel and to indicate if it was salty or not. Having determined that it was not seawater, the tanks were drained.
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almost 12 hours after the escape, and so the French authorities learned of the boats' disappearance from the BBC. The empty berths and an absence of any announcement of the embargo's termination caused speculation that Israel had taken the boats. A television news team flew out over the
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The problem of the
Cherbourg boats was left aside. President de Gaulle was irritated by what he considered an Israeli lack of respect for Franco-Israeli agreements and he was eager to reinforce France's relations with the Arab world. The resignation of de Gaulle and the election of
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While the embargo was ordered, construction of the boats continued according to the original plan; and while the
Israeli naval mission was in Cherbourg, controlling the project, Israeli crews were aboard the completed boats and the whole project was fully paid for by Israel.
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Since sudden engine noise during the night of the escape would alert the French, the operation's commander, Captain Hadar Kimhi, ordered the boats' engines to be regularly started at nights, causing the inhabitants of
Cherbourg to become accustomed to the noise. The local
969:, following the affair, Mossad agents were watched "as closely as any terrorist" when they were deployed to France to track down and kill Middle Eastern terrorists. Many times, terrorists would escape after being tipped off by a pro-Arab French intelligence officer.
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one hotel for more than one night. The crews travelled on Israeli passports so that in the event they were caught, they could not be charged with passport fraud. By 23 December, all crews had arrived, and were scattered around the city. Mossad director-general
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The pump system was converted to operate as both a fire fighting and fuelling pump. Special high pressure hoses were used. A fuelling drill was developed prior sailing to the rendezvous point near Gibraltar. According to international maritime regulations, MV
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The boats were to escape on Christmas Eve. On the eve of the escape, the skeleton crews continued to maintain the boats, while the 80 crews who came to reinforce them hid belowdecks. The Israelis feared that the boats could sink while sailing through the
450:, changed the balance of power in the Mediterranean theatre in favour of Arab navies and away from the Israeli Navy. There was by now an urgent need for a new generation of vessels for the Israeli Navy. Israel had been developing seaborne
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during sea trials, ignoring the French protocols for leaving port. This angered the French, and they ordered the Israeli Navy and the other boats to leave the French harbour, and dock instead at the commercial port, which was unguarded.
67:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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807:, who prevented any further escalation. Although the French government was furious, it realized that there was little that could be done, since the boats were already on the high seas when the ruse was uncovered. French
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assigned to them, who monitored all British, French and Spanish weather forecasts. Despite a forecast predicting rain from the south-west, the crews were ordered to sail out at 20:30. By 19:30, all crews were aboard.
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to Starboat and would be crewed by members of the Israeli Navy due to their experience with the boats. The boats were sold and transferred legally by the government of Israel to the front company with the approval of
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considered the risk to the operation to be very high, recalling "it just needed one suspicious French policeman to ask why so many Jews were coming to Cherbourg for Christmas and the whole operation could be blown."
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The French were initially unaware that the Israeli boats had left port, and their absence was noticed by a reporter who visited the port and saw that all the boats were missing. He immediately reported it to the
600:. A quarter of a million litres of fuel was smuggled in drums and hidden belowdecks. By 24 December, the boats had been fully fuelled and stored. The supply officer bought fresh and dry food from local
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for his efforts, creating a new generation of missile boats. Later, new Israeli Sa'ar boats were developed and built in Haifa Shipyards under the leadership of Haim Schachal, the chief engineer of the
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could not sail since safety regulations banned ships from carrying fuel in the bow as fuel vapour may cause an explosion. This issue was solved by Brillant with the aid of Kirstine shipyards and a
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company. The front company was Limon's idea, aided by his connections with Mila Brenner (1921–1999), a retired naval officer with a rank of commander and the co-owner of the Israel-based
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would build the boats, based upon the Israeli requirements. The boats were constructed by the French and the MTU engines were German-designed. The project received the codename "Autumn".
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ordered an air strike to sink the boats. The French Chief of Staff refused to obey and replied he would resign rather than obey the order. The order was countermanded by Prime Minister
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pressure on the West German government, this plan was not continued and a new builder was sought. The Israeli Navy survey recommended that the Cherbourg-based CMN shipyard owned by
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Internal message sent by ZIM Chief Operation Officer Mr. Hovars notifying about the letter of Rear Admiral Avraham Botzer awarding ZIM for its contribution on operation Noa
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The French government expelled Mordechai Limon from France. It was said that the French president stated "I do not like tea with Lemon and Mokka coffee". Generals
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in 1968, as well as the general aging of the Israeli fleet, brought naval planners to the conclusion that the boats had to be taken from France by deception.
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to be the president of France inspired hope among the Israelis. The Israeli government assumed that Pompidou would lift the embargo, but were proved wrong.
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The letter of Awards from Rear Admiral Avraham Botzer to Zim Navigation Company Chief Engineer Alexander Zviren and Naval Architect Edmond Wilhelm Brillant
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from Israeli Navy command informed the Israelis in Cherbourg that the embargo was expected to escalate, and the boats would have to sail immediately to
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702:. In this case, tanker trailers were loaded in the ship's garage. These Zim ships sailed with additional crew made up of members of the Israeli Navy.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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Moshe Levi The Escape of the Boats of Cherbourg Interviews with Hadar Kimhi, Binyamin Telem and Rinat Arie Magazin 1 February 2007 in Hebrew
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Video taken from INS Gaash (Vulcano) showing fueling from M.V Lea stern.The officer with the radio is Commander Ezra Kedem Carish (Shark)
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navigation company Europe Lines were approached to help in providing fuel, once the boats had left Cherbourg. Assistance was provided by
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The next stage of the operation was to build a day-to-day routine with the aim of ultimately misleading the French at Cherbourg. Israeli
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The boats taken from Cherbourg were still unarmed platforms on their arrival in Israel. They were brought into the navy and armed with
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was recommended. The shipyard was asked to design a new generation of small missile boat platforms and to modify the suggested wooden
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report indicating that the storm would die down in two hours. At 02:30, the boats left Cherbourg and headed slowly out to sea.
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During that period, several events worked in favor of the Israelis. In 1967, the seventh boat of the twelve boats ordered, INS
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before turning south and crossing into the Mediterranean, meeting Israeli support ships along the way. During fuelling by MV
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in 1967, France had been Israel's closest ally. In the wake of Israel's victory, relations began to worsen. In 1968, Israeli
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Hebrew Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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to stock on the boats. To prevent arousing suspicion, the supplies were purchased in small quantities each time.
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provided him with important connections in France with the French government, and more widely in Europe as well.
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Two young officers in the operation, Tal and Michael — Ram, went on to become commanders in chief of the navy.
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were suspended by the government. Instead Israel turned to American supplies of weapons and support. The
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into a fuelling ship carrying 200,000 litres of light diesel fuel. This was solved by conversion of the
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during the Second World War, and who was at the time the division head of Equipment and Platforms.
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Video of the boats arrival to Haifa and Charles De Gaulle's speech in the French TV and Israeli TV
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started to train the Israeli Navy's high command and increased the level of naval cooperation.
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bay on 31 December. The boats were met with public jubilation when they arrived in Israel.
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warned that if the boats appeared in Israel, "the consequences will be very grave indeed".
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Binyamin (Bini) Telem, who later became the Israeli Navy's commander in chief during the
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The Boats of Cherbourg with Mokka Limon, Tabbak, Ezra Kedem "Karish"and French Officials
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The Israeli naval command had reached the conclusion by the early 1960s that their old
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took over the boats and maintained a routine of short voyages, heading north into the
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were obsolete and new ships and vessels were needed. A survey was undertaken and the
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assistance during the 1960s and their procurement of new missile boats such as the
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852:(Cheetah). The commanding officer of the operation was Captain Hadar Kimhi (later
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http://www.rafael.co.il/marketing/Templates/Homepage/Homepage.aspx?FolderID=203
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IDF Radio an interview with Mordechai Mokka Limon, start time 45:13 in Hebrew
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F-4 Phantom fighters met up with the boats and flew low overhead in escort.
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1271:"The story of the 'stolen' missile boats Israel used in the Yom Kippur War"
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The Boats Story Press Conference of Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou French TV
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Haim Schachal. The administrative and operational side was headed by then-
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Crews were sent to France in early 1965. The technical team was headed by
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Two of the boats were launched a few months before the Yom Kippur War,
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The boats' names while being operated by the oil drilling company were
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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instead ordered the boats to be gradually fuelled using a small 5-ton
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471:-class missile boats in October 1967 and the accidental loss of the
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Geva News arrival of the boats to Kishon harbor Haifa December 1969
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1629:[The five gunboats of Cherbourg are already near Israel].
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Avi Brillant The Perfect Sting Magazin 13 January 2010 in Hebrew
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by Commander Yitzhak Shushan. Maariv Publishing House. 1993.
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1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. The boats joined the already acquired INS
868:(Shark) as his deputy (later commodore and commander of the
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1627:"Las cinco cañoneras de Cherburgo están ya cerca de Israel"
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1186:"Israel Military Intelligence: The Boats of Cherbourg"
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began to be equipped by American aircraft, while the
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The plan to take the boats was formulated by retired
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The deal was entered into during the "Golden Age" of
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1602:. Hendersonville, N.C. 29 December 1969. p. 2.
1517:Rabinovich The Boats of Cherbourg Bluejacket Books
864:), with Commander Ezra Kedm Krishinski, nicknamed
856:commander of Haifa Navy-Base and naval attaché in
266:but had not been delivered due to the French arms
16:Escape of Israeli of fast attack craft from France
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1493:] (in Hebrew). Translated by Lance Ackerfeld.
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1302:Gideon's Spies: The Secret History of the Mossad
655:in the ship's bow and bottom into a fuel tank.
270:in 1969. The whole operation was planned by the
262:since 2016). The boats had been paid for by the
817:The Israeli boats sailed a total of 3,145
135:The route of the boats from Cherbourg to Israel
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941:
85:accompanying your translation by providing an
51:Click for important translation instructions.
38:expand this article with text translated from
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723:in severe winter conditions. The group had a
694:was Yosef Dror, a retired navy commander and
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901:(Sword), skipper Lt. Commander Gadi Ben Zeev
3288:Operations involving Israeli special forces
1633:(in Spanish). 30 December 1969. p. 19.
3223:Israeli–Lebanese maritime border agreement
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1572:The last Battle of the Destroyer INS Eilat
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520:(Reliance), was completed and launched. A
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2933:UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242
2907:UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194
1713:
965:According to British intelligence writer
753:to see if the boats were heading towards
339:according to Israeli Navy requirements.
3298:Battles and conflicts without fatalities
1546:Rabinovich, Abraham (24 December 2009).
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1269:Rabinovich, Abraham (21 December 2019).
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736:midnight, the meteorologist picked up a
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2270:Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon
1566:. Spokane. 29 December 1969. p. 1.
1402:. Zionism and Israel Information Center
1249:"Sinking Eilat destroyer – 50 years on"
411:ordered a full arms embargo on Israel.
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3215:Israel–Morocco normalization agreement
3205:Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement
1607:American Jewish Yearbook 1970 Page 496
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919:(Arrow), skipper Commander Moshe Tabak
848:during the operation was Rear-Admiral
613:night. The noise was loud with twenty
555:, who was able to provide assistance.
446:classes had, by the early days of the
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1641:, Volume 1 By Loch K. Johnson page 77
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1282:
1208:"Shahal (Laibel) Haim, Son of Shlomo"
1076:Experiments of RAFAEL Gabriel Missile
407:(PLO). In response, French President
3210:Israel–Sudan normalization agreement
2949:Israel–Syria disengagement agreement
2626:Southern Israel cross-border attacks
2538:Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel
2469:Iraqi missile attacks against Israel
1588:Photos from Cherbourg and early days
1001:member who had volunteered with the
20:
1613:"World: Israel's Fugitive Flotilla"
1421:Rabinovich, Abraham (4 June 2009).
254:from the French port of Cherbourg (
13:
3200:Israel–UAE normalization agreement
3091:Beirut Summit and peace initiative
1944:Palestinian Popular Struggle Front
1113:The Boats of Cherbourg Documentary
714:One of the boats arriving in Haifa
14:
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3278:Missile boats of the Israeli Navy
1230:"When Israel and France Broke Up"
674:Other Zim divisions provided the
405:Palestine Liberation Organization
3129:Agreement on Movement and Access
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894:(Volcano), skipper Lt. Gil Koren
686:, which would provide fuel near
532:The boats were transferred to a
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3263:1969 in international relations
3163:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks
3157:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks
3125:Israeli disengagement from Gaza
2330:Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114
2211:Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency
1969:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
1505:"Our experience - Your benefit"
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1473:
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1228:Bass, Gary J. (31 March 2010).
1157:Diving to Sufa part 3 in French
1146:Diving to Sufa part 2 in French
1135:Diving to Sufa part 1 in French
549:Maritime Fruit Carriers Company
536:called Starboat, registered in
509:. Limon's affiliation with the
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97:{{Translated|he|×ˇ×¤×™× ×•×Ş שרבורג}}
2802:McMahon–Hussein Correspondence
2618:Palestinian militancy campaign
1365:
1339:
1279:. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
1263:
1241:
1222:
1200:
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95:You may also add the template
1:
2890:American trusteeship proposal
1959:Popular Resistance Committees
1594:"Oslo Rep Had Ties to Israel"
1238:. Accessed 22 September 2021.
1167:
288:
3283:Naval operations and battles
1210:. Palmach Information Center
1059:Military equipment of Israel
7:
2487:Palestinian suicide attacks
1654:Retrofits for Noa Operation
1039:
1034:Sa'ar 4 class missile boats
942:International repercussions
936:Sa'ar 3-class missile boats
452:surface-to-surface missiles
174:Sa'ar 3-class missile boats
10:
3329:
3248:Maritime incidents in 1969
3063:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum
3051:Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement
3045:Israel–Jordan peace treaty
2977:Palestinian autonomy talks
1251:. Egypt Today. 29 May 2018
872:theatre). The boats were:
191:24 December 1969
59:Machine translation, like
3177:
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2973:Egypt–Israel peace treaty
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2830:Faisal–Weizmann agreement
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40:the corresponding article
3268:1969 in military history
3012:Israel–Lebanon agreement
2824:Anglo-French Declaration
2820:Declaration to the Seven
2393:Misgav Am hostage crisis
1560:"Gunboats Due in Israel"
1485:
1188:. Jewish Virtual Library
799:French Defence Minister
370:Franco-Israeli relations
278:, after the daughter of
3313:France–Israel relations
2704:Israel–Palestine crisis
2555:Bringing Home the Goods
1894:Guardians of the Cedars
1548:"Escape from Cherbourg"
1329:"Escape from Cherbourg"
1064:France–Israel relations
626:Edmond Wilhelm Brillant
565:French Defense Minister
499:Mordechai "Mokka" Limon
172:Extract five embargoed
106:For more guidance, see
3121:Sharm El Sheikh Summit
3041:Gaza–Jericho Agreement
2923:Tripartite Declaration
2546:Ain es Saheb airstrike
2427:South Lebanon conflict
1639:Strategic Intelligence
1631:La Vanguardia Española
1300:Thomas Gordon (1999).
833:, and arriving at the
764:The boats crossed the
715:
617:main engines running.
302:
3169:John Kerry Parameters
2842:Churchill White Paper
2808:Sykes–Picot Agreement
2364:Coastal Road massacre
1985:Arab Higher Committee
1874:Arab Liberation Front
1817:Palestinian Authority
1715:Arab–Israeli conflict
1480:Shalom Eitan (1998).
1070:Videos and recordings
973:Missile boat flotilla
805:Jacques Chaban-Delmas
713:
503:Israel Defense Forces
296:
283:Binyamin "Bini" Telem
260:Cherbourg-en-Cotentin
236:Successful extraction
108:Knowledge:Translation
79:copyright attribution
3151:Annapolis Conference
3145:UNSC Resolution 1701
3135:UNSC Resolution 1850
3117:UNSC Resolution 1583
3111:UNSC Resolution 1566
3107:UNSC Resolution 1559
3057:Wye River Memorandum
2913:Armistice agreements
2670:Gaza border protests
2592:Gaza–Israel conflict
2304:Lod Airport massacre
2137:United Arab Republic
2080:United Arab Emirates
1990:Arab Liberation Army
1564:The Spokesman-Review
1450:. GlobalSecurity.org
1304:. St Martins Press.
1011:Israel Defense Prize
989:systems produced by
829:), beginning in the
690:. The captain of MV
467:during an attack by
426:The build-up of the
274:, and was codenamed
3303:Cherbourg-Octeville
2994:UNSC Resolution 497
2988:UNSC Resolution 478
2982:UNSC Resolution 452
2969:UNSC Resolution 446
2959:UNSC Resolution 425
2953:UNSC Resolution 350
2943:UNSC Resolution 339
2939:UNSC Resolution 338
2929:Khartoum Resolution
2917:Lausanne Conference
2866:Morrison–Grady Plan
2836:San Remo conference
2814:Balfour Declaration
2686:Gaza–Israel clashes
2678:Gaza–Israel clashes
2453:Mothers' Bus attack
2030:Revolutionary Cells
1491:To Survive and Tell
1335:. 24 December 2009.
1182:Rabinovich, Abraham
643:as a backup in the
635:to provide fuel at
256:Cherbourg-Octeville
252:Sa'ar 3 class boats
3139:Quartet Principles
3073:Clinton Parameters
2963:Camp David Accords
2346:Savoy Hotel attack
2196:1948 Palestine war
2035:South Lebanon Army
1924:Muslim Brotherhood
1621:. 12 January 1970.
1552:The Jerusalem Post
1427:The Jerusalem Post
1423:"A civilian caper"
1333:The Jerusalem Post
1276:The Jerusalem Post
1235:The New York Times
960:United States Navy
846:commander in chief
716:
682:ship sister of MV
401:operations against
393:carried out a raid
387:(who later became
380:commanded by then-
303:
264:Israeli government
248:Boats of Cherbourg
87:interlanguage link
3308:Conflicts in 1969
3235:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3101:Geneva Initiative
3069:Camp David Summit
3029:Madrid Conference
3006:Reagan peace plan
2979:
2884:UN Partition Plan
2878:London Conference
2860:London Conference
2796:Damascus Protocol
2744:
2743:
2645:Pillar of Defense
2296:Sabena Flight 571
2262:Battle of Karameh
2181:Armed engagements
2145:
2144:
2043:
2042:
2015:Japanese Red Army
1770:Primary countries
1582:. 6 January 2023.
1379:on 2 October 2011
1353:on 2 October 2011
956:Israeli Air Force
908:(Spear), skipper
837:Shipyard port in
794:Israeli Air Force
511:Rothschild family
409:Charles de Gaulle
391:chief of staff),
244:Cherbourg Project
240:
239:
227:Israeli Air Force
176:and sail them to
124:Cherbourg Project
119:
118:
52:
48:
3320:
3293:Arms trafficking
3189:Trump peace plan
3181:
2975:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2750:
2749:
2735:
2732:Israel–Hamas war
2727:
2723:Shield and Arrow
2717:
2707:
2699:
2689:
2681:
2673:
2665:
2662:Wave of violence
2657:
2649:
2639:
2629:
2621:
2613:
2605:
2595:
2587:
2579:
2569:
2559:
2549:
2541:
2533:
2514:
2504:
2494:
2482:
2472:
2464:
2456:
2448:
2440:
2430:
2422:
2414:
2406:
2396:
2377:
2367:
2359:
2349:
2341:
2338:Ma'alot massacre
2333:
2325:
2315:
2307:
2299:
2291:
2283:
2273:
2265:
2257:
2254:War of Attrition
2249:
2241:
2222:
2214:
2206:
2203:Arab–Israeli War
2198:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2151:
2150:
2048:Other countries
1844:
1843:
1784:Egyptian Kingdom
1746:
1739:
1732:
1723:
1722:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1685:
1684:
1676:
1664:
1634:
1622:
1603:
1583:
1567:
1555:
1509:
1508:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1483:Lisrod U-lesaper
1477:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1375:. Archived from
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1349:. Archived from
1343:
1337:
1336:
1325:
1314:
1313:
1297:
1280:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1245:
1239:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1178:
1158:
1147:
1136:
1125:
1114:
1098:
1026:(Flash) and INS
1015:Israel Shipyards
979:Gabriel missiles
952:Bernard Cazelles
860:during the 1973
812:Maurice Schumann
809:Foreign Minister
665:Lloyd's Register
457:The loss of the
448:War of Attrition
417:Georges Pompidou
307:Second World War
225:
223:
222:
213:
211:
210:
203:Executed by
198:
196:
133:
121:
120:
98:
92:
65:Google Translate
50:
47:(September 2014)
46:
29:
28:
21:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3227:
3195:Abraham Accords
3179:
3173:
3016:
2998:1981–1982
2894:
2848:Peel Commission
2783:
2781:peace proposals
2777:
2740:
2730:
2720:
2710:
2702:
2692:
2684:
2676:
2668:
2660:
2652:
2642:
2632:
2624:
2616:
2608:
2598:
2590:
2582:
2572:
2562:
2552:
2544:
2536:
2530:Second Intifada
2528:
2517:
2510:Grapes of Wrath
2507:
2497:
2485:
2475:
2467:
2459:
2451:
2443:
2433:
2425:
2417:
2409:
2399:
2391:
2380:
2370:
2362:
2352:
2344:
2336:
2328:
2318:
2312:Munich massacre
2310:
2302:
2294:
2286:
2276:
2268:
2260:
2252:
2244:
2236:
2225:
2217:
2209:
2201:
2194:
2183:
2178:
2141:
2120:
2099:
2039:
1995:Black September
1973:
1914:Lebanese Forces
1835:
1831:Ba'athist Syria
1827:Syrian Republic
1772:and authorities
1771:
1765:
1764:
1750:
1717:
1712:
1680:
1677:
1668:
1665:
1656:
1625:
1611:
1592:
1584:Plumbat affair.
1580:"Home to Haifa"
1578:
1558:
1513:
1512:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1487:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1431:
1429:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1396:
1392:
1382:
1380:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1356:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1327:
1326:
1317:
1298:
1283:
1268:
1264:
1254:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1156:
1145:
1134:
1123:
1112:
1096:
1072:
1042:
975:
944:
831:English Channel
708:
620:Meanwhile, the
492:
487:
372:. Prior to the
291:
220:
218:
217:
208:
206:
194:
192:
163:Mordechai Limon
158:Planned by
153:
136:
115:
114:
113:
96:
90:
53:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3326:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3258:1969 in Israel
3255:
3253:1969 in France
3250:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3191:
3184:
3182:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3165:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3141:
3131:
3113:
3103:
3097:
3087:
3081:
3075:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3037:
3031:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2965:
2955:
2945:
2935:
2925:
2919:
2909:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2816:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2779:Diplomacy and
2776:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2753:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2728:
2718:
2708:
2700:
2690:
2682:
2674:
2666:
2658:
2650:
2640:
2635:Returning Echo
2630:
2622:
2614:
2606:
2588:
2580:
2570:
2560:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2505:
2500:Accountability
2495:
2483:
2473:
2465:
2457:
2449:
2445:First Intifada
2441:
2431:
2423:
2419:Bus 300 affair
2415:
2407:
2397:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2368:
2360:
2350:
2342:
2334:
2326:
2316:
2308:
2300:
2292:
2288:Yom Kippur War
2284:
2274:
2266:
2258:
2250:
2242:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2215:
2207:
2199:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2177:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2154:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2116:United Nations
2113:
2111:European Union
2107:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2085:United Kingdom
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1919:al-Mourabitoun
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1850:
1848:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1802:Ba'athist Iraq
1795:
1790:
1781:
1775:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1726:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1648:978-1931719278
1635:
1623:
1609:
1604:
1590:
1585:
1576:
1568:
1556:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1531:978-1557507143
1511:
1510:
1496:
1472:
1461:
1439:
1413:
1398:Ami Isseroff.
1390:
1364:
1338:
1315:
1281:
1262:
1240:
1221:
1199:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1153:
1142:
1131:
1120:
1109:
1104:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1048:
1041:
1038:
974:
971:
943:
940:
921:
920:
913:
902:
895:
888:
862:Yom Kippur War
850:Avraham Botzer
707:
704:
602:grocery stores
572:skeleton crews
540:, allegedly a
491:
488:
486:
483:
397:Beirut airport
363:Yom Kippur war
290:
287:
238:
237:
234:
230:
229:
204:
200:
199:
189:
185:
184:
170:
166:
165:
159:
155:
154:
145:CMN Shipyard,
144:
142:
138:
137:
134:
126:
125:
117:
116:
112:
111:
104:
93:
71:
68:
57:
54:
35:
34:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3325:
3314:
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3304:
3301:
3299:
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3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
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3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3176:
3170:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3013:
3009:
3007:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2954:
2950:
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2944:
2940:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2879:
2876:1946–47
2875:
2873:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2774:
2769:
2767:
2762:
2760:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2747:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2713:Breaking Dawn
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
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2641:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2575:Autumn Clouds
2571:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2428:
2424:
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2389:
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2375:
2374:
2369:
2365:
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2317:
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2309:
2305:
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2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2238:Samu incident
2235:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2163:
2161:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:Former states
2123:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:Transnational
2102:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:United States
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2005:Holy War Army
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1879:Army of Islam
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1840:Organizations
1838:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1798:Iraqi Kingdom
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1779:All-Palestine
1777:
1776:
1774:
1768:
1761:Organizations
1760:
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1524:1-55750-714-7
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1400:"Shayetet 13"
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968:
967:Gordon Thomas
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939:
937:
933:
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910:Lt. Commander
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873:
871:
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836:
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815:
813:
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802:
797:
795:
791:
787:
781:
779:
775:
771:
767:
766:Bay of Biscay
762:
760:
759:Mediterranean
756:
752:
747:
741:
739:
734:
733:force 9 storm
729:
726:
725:meteorologist
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721:Bay of Biscay
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645:Bay of Biscay
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337:torpedo boats
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276:Operation Noa
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161:Rear Admiral
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94:
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36:You can help
32:
23:
22:
19:
3273:Israeli Navy
3137: /
3127: /
3123: /
3119: /
3109: /
3093: /
3071: /
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3035:Oslo Accords
2980: /
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2712:
2694:
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2565:Summer Rains
2564:
2554:
2509:
2499:
2489:(1993–2008;
2478:Bramble Bush
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2435:
2401:
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2320:
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2132:Soviet Union
1822:Saudi Arabia
1638:
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1571:
1563:
1551:
1499:
1490:
1482:
1475:
1464:
1454:16 September
1452:. Retrieved
1448:"Haifa Port"
1442:
1432:16 September
1430:. Retrieved
1426:
1416:
1406:16 September
1404:. Retrieved
1393:
1381:. Retrieved
1377:the original
1367:
1355:. Retrieved
1351:the original
1341:
1332:
1301:
1274:
1265:
1253:. Retrieved
1243:
1233:
1224:
1214:16 September
1212:. Retrieved
1202:
1192:16 September
1190:. Retrieved
1176:
1052:
1046:Israeli Navy
1027:
1023:
1019:
1007:
976:
964:
945:
934:to form the
931:
927:
925:
922:
916:
905:
898:
891:
877:
865:
843:
821:(5,825
816:
801:Michel Debré
798:
786:North Africa
782:
777:
769:
763:
742:
731:There was a
730:
717:
691:
683:
675:
672:
660:
657:
653:ballast tank
648:
640:
632:
619:
606:
594:
569:
561:Michel Debré
557:
531:
517:
515:
496:Rear Admiral
493:
490:Preparations
477:
468:
463:
456:
442:
436:
425:
421:
413:
378:paratroopers
367:
352:
341:
331:
325:shipyard of
304:
275:
272:Israeli Navy
258:since 2000,
247:
243:
241:
215:Israeli Navy
83:edit summary
74:
45:
37:
18:
3085:Taba Summit
2854:White Paper
2734:(2023–2024)
2664:(2015–2016)
2612:(2008–2009)
2604:(2007–2008)
2584:Lebanon War
2532:(2000–2005)
2447:(1987–1993)
2411:Lebanon War
2324:(1972–1979)
2272:(1968–1982)
2256:(1967–1970)
2246:Six-Day War
2219:Suez Crisis
2213:(1949–1956)
2205:(1948–1949)
2075:North Korea
1869:Arab League
1758:Authorities
1486:לשרוד ולספר
1373:"(Nili-01)"
948:Louis Bonte
912:Haim Shaked
844:The navy's
696:Shayetet 13
553:Martin Siem
505:mission in
374:Six-Day War
348:FĂ©lix Amiot
344:Arab League
323:West German
3242:Categories
3221:2022
3193:2020
3187:2019
3167:2016
3161:2013
3155:2010
3149:2007
3143:2006
3133:2006
3115:2005
3105:2004
3099:2003
3089:2002
3083:2001
3077:2000
3067:2000
3061:1999
3055:1998
3049:1995
3039:1994
3033:1993
3027:1991
3010:1983
3004:1982
2992:1981
2986:1980
2967:1979
2957:1978
2947:1974
2937:1973
2927:1967
2921:1950
2911:1949
2905:1948
2888:1948
2882:1947
2872:Bevin Plan
2870:1947
2864:1946
2858:1939
2852:1939
2846:1937
2840:1922
2834:1920
2828:1919
2818:1918
2812:1917
2806:1916
2800:1915
2794:1914
2788:Background
2695:Black Belt
2601:Hot Winter
2461:Tunis raid
2436:Wooden Leg
1793:Hamas Gaza
1599:Times-News
1347:"(Lea-01)"
1310:B000OTHCB2
1168:References
1003:Royal Navy
887:Ronna Arie
598:tank truck
311:destroyers
289:Background
195:1969-12-24
3021:1991–2016
3000:Fahd Plan
2899:1948–1983
2522:2000–2021
2385:1980–1999
2230:1960–1979
2188:1947–1959
1964:as-Sa'iqa
1904:Hezbollah
1854:Abu Nidal
1755:Countries
1051:INS
880:(Storm),
854:commodore
774:Gibraltar
751:North Sea
698:commando
688:Lampedusa
637:Gibraltar
589:Meir Amit
545:oil drill
542:Norwegian
473:submarine
459:destroyer
355:Commander
319:corvettes
169:Objective
147:Cherbourg
101:talk page
42:in Hebrew
3095:Road map
2654:Gaza War
2610:Gaza War
1788:Republic
1383:21 April
1357:19 April
1040:See also
928:Starboat
668:surveyor
641:Nahariya
576:Atlantic
315:frigates
141:Location
77:provide
3180:present
3079:Isratin
2594:(2006–)
2540:(2001–)
2355:Entebbe
2321:Bayonet
2070:Morocco
2025:Palmach
2000:Haganah
1954:PFLP-GC
1162:YouTube
1151:YouTube
1140:YouTube
1129:YouTube
1118:YouTube
1102:YouTube
999:Haganah
882:skipper
870:Red Sea
858:Britain
788:. Near
700:frogman
639:and MV
615:Maybach
584:sailors
580:ratings
522:telecom
518:Mivtach
399:during
382:Colonel
359:Captain
342:Due to
327:LĂĽrssen
299:Sa'ar 3
280:Captain
268:embargo
233:Outcome
193: (
99:to the
81:in the
44:.
2726:(2023)
2716:(2022)
2706:(2021)
2698:(2019)
2688:(2019)
2680:(2018)
2672:(2018)
2656:(2014)
2648:(2012)
2638:(2012)
2628:(2011)
2620:(2010)
2586:(2006)
2578:(2006)
2568:(2006)
2558:(2006)
2548:(2003)
2513:(1996)
2503:(1993)
2481:(1992)
2471:(1991)
2463:(1988)
2455:(1988)
2439:(1985)
2429:(1985)
2421:(1984)
2413:(1982)
2405:(1981)
2395:(1980)
2376:(1978)
2373:Litani
2366:(1978)
2358:(1976)
2348:(1975)
2340:(1974)
2332:(1973)
2314:(1972)
2306:(1972)
2298:(1972)
2290:(1973)
2282:(1968)
2264:(1968)
2248:(1967)
2240:(1966)
2221:(1956)
2060:Kuwait
2055:France
1978:Former
1909:Kataeb
1847:Active
1812:Jordan
1807:Israel
1646:
1529:
1522:
1308:
1255:21 May
1028:Keshet
1024:Reshef
995:RAFAEL
892:Ga'ash
866:Karish
835:Kishon
755:Norway
706:Escape
610:police
563:, the
538:Panama
432:Soviet
334:-class
332:Jaguar
224:
212:
182:Israel
151:France
3178:2019–
2402:Opera
2095:Yemen
2065:Libya
2010:Irgun
1899:Hamas
1889:Fatah
1489:[
1053:Dakar
1030:(Bow)
991:MABAT
932:Sa'ar
906:Hanit
899:Herev
839:Haifa
790:Crete
680:Ro-Ro
526:Haifa
507:Paris
478:Dakar
469:Komar
464:Eilat
443:Komar
430:with
309:-era
178:Haifa
61:DeepL
2491:list
2279:Gift
2020:Lehi
1949:PFLP
1884:DFLP
1859:Amal
1829:and
1800:and
1786:and
1644:ISBN
1618:Time
1527:ISBN
1520:ISBN
1456:2014
1434:2014
1408:2014
1385:2010
1359:2010
1306:ASIN
1257:2021
1216:2014
1194:2014
1022:INS
1009:the
993:and
985:and
981:and
950:and
917:Hetz
915:INS
904:INS
897:INS
890:INS
878:Sufa
876:INS
778:Hetz
684:Nili
678:, a
582:and
476:INS
462:INS
440:and
403:the
317:and
301:boat
246:(or
242:The
188:Date
75:must
73:You
1939:PLO
1934:PLF
1929:PIJ
1160:on
1149:on
1138:on
1127:on
1116:on
1100:on
1017:.
983:ECM
885:Lt.
819:nmi
772:at
770:Lea
761:.
746:BBC
738:BBC
692:Dan
676:Dan
670:.
661:Lea
649:Lea
633:Lea
622:ZIM
437:Osa
395:on
389:IDF
63:or
3244::
1615:.
1596:.
1562:.
1550:.
1425:.
1331:.
1318:^
1284:^
1273:.
1232:.
1184:.
1032:,
987:EW
938:.
827:mi
823:km
792:,
630:MV
567:.
365:.
313:,
297:A
285:.
180:,
149:,
2772:e
2765:t
2758:v
2493:)
2173:e
2166:t
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1507:.
1458:.
1436:.
1410:.
1387:.
1361:.
1312:.
1259:.
1218:.
1196:.
197:)
110:.
103:.
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