162:
1488:
1513:
The Shorts
Gardens substation continued to generate electricity until the early 1960s, using internal combustion engines. There was one 550 kW and two 1,125 kW oil engines. It was used as a peak shaving plant: in 1954 it had a capacity 2.8 MW, was run for 604 hours and delivered 287 MWh. In
788:
In 1928 the company installed new substations in Soho Square (1500 kW) and
Aldwych (3000 kW), and a new 1200 kW diesel engine at Shorts Gardens. The substation at Shorts Gardens was housed in a 3-storey red brick building (extant 2020) numbered 62–72 Shorts Gardens at the northeast end
470:
to four substations in the City and West End each with an 8.4 MW motor-generator. These were at
Fenchurch Street, Upper Thames Street, Ludgate Hill and Beech Street. The 350 kW synchronous generators giving 400–440 V across the outer wires, supply was eventually 2 × 200 V on a three-wire system.
441:
Bow power station (51°32'03"N 0°00'43"W) was built on a 7½ acre (3.04 ha) site in
Marshgate Road, Bow, and was first commissioned in 1902. It generated 3-phase alternating current at 10 kV and 50 Hz. It was the first 3-phase plant in the UK. Initially the equipment comprised two 800 kW and
304:
In 1897 the plant had a generating capacity of 2,575 kW and the maximum load was 1,377 kW. A total of 2615.51 MWh of electricity was sold to 719 customers which powered 107,542 lamps, this provided an income to the company of £48,026-16-6d. The growth of the undertaking is demonstrated in
1471:
In 1954 the working capacity of the generators at Bow power station was 51.5 MW. The steam capacity of the chain gate stoked boilers was 785,000 lb/hr (98.9 kg/s) and the steam conditions at the turbine stop-valves was 250 psi (17.2 bar) and 343 °C. In 1954 the station burned 23,600
1430:
From 1 January 1937 the
Charing Cross Company acquired five other undertakings to coordinate the distribution of electricity in their areas of London. The other undertakings were: Brompton and Kensington Electricity Supply Company Limited; Chelsea Electricity Supply Company Limited; Kensington and
812:
By 1912–3 a more complex charging system was used. For the West End area the company charged 2.02 d./kWh for street lighting and 3.18 d./kWh for ‘other’ public lighting, it charged 3.15 d./kWh for private lighting, 1.22 d./kWh for power and heat to the
Borough Council and 1.51 d./kWh for power and
784:
In 1923 the generating plant comprised the following. At Bow there were 2 × 3.0 MW, 2 × 5.0 MW and 1 × 2.5 MW turbo generators, plus 2 × 4.0 MW reciprocating generators giving a total capacity of 36.52 MW. The maximum load on the system was 23,164 MW. These machines were supplied by boilers with a
796:
In 1935 the
Charing Cross Company distributed electricity from 14 substations, these were located at: 12 Maiden Lane, Short's Gardens, St. Martins Lane, Chancery Lane, Soho Square, Aldwych, Trafalgar Buildings, 85 Fenchurch Street, 86 Upper Thames Street, 68/70 Ludgate Hill, Seacoal Lane, 9 Beech
269:
objected to the new undertaking as it already supplied the Strand district with electricity. The
Charing Cross Company argued that it would provide low-tension current that would be an advantage for motive power over the high-tension supply from the Metropolitan Electric Supply Company. The Gatti
780:
From the early 1920s interconnections between electricity undertakings enabled bulk supplies of electricity to be sold and purchased. For example, in 1923 the West End undertaking, in addition to its 2.6 MW generating capacity, had 10.7 MW of transformer capability enabling electricity to be
816:
For 1918 the charging system was less complex, for the West End the company charged 3.47 d./kWh for public lighting, 6.26 d./kWh for private light, 2.45 d./kWh for power and heat; for the City undertaking the charges were 6.64 d./kWh for private lighting and 2.31 d./kWh for power and heat.
1442:
The company's supply area now included
Chelsea, City of London, Holborn (south), Kensington (south), Westminster (east). However, the company failed to attract a wider range of London companies to the merger and therefore planning of London's electricity remained un-integrated.
204:
in the West End. From
September 1883 they provided electric lighting for the restaurant from a small generating plant in the basement of the building. The plant comprised two multi-tubular Field boilers providing steam to two Armington and Sims engines each driving two 150-lamp
797:
Street, Broad Street, and Smithfield Market. By 1936–7 the substation in St. Martin's Lane was equipped with three generator sets of 575 kW, 750 kW and 1200 kW, in that year they generated 2.38 MWh of power. The substation was severely damaged during the war.
785:
total steam output capacity of 575,000 lb/hr (72.45 kg/s). At St. Martins Lane there were 2 × 450 kV oil driven generators providing a DC supply, and at Shorts Gardens there were 4 × 450 kW and 2 × 530 kW oil driven generators also providing a DC supply.
501:, to a gas company for conversion back to gas lighting. The usual pattern at this period was the substitution of electricity in place of gas for street lighting. The Charing Cross Company confirmed they continued to operate 165 arc lamps in the City of Westminster.
175:
was a British electricity undertaking. It was incorporated as a public company in 1889 to generate and supply electricity to parts of the City of Westminster, Holborn and later the City of London. From 1925 it worked jointly with other companies as part of the
1000:
Dividends to shareholders were paid throughout the operational life of the company. Dividends as a percentage of the total capital raised in a given year were as shown, together with the average dividends paid by the London company electricity undertakings.
451:. Steam was from a pair of Hornsby vertical boilers with an output capacity of 140,000 lb/h (17.6 kg/s) at 160 psi (11.0 bar) for each 4 MW set. Steam from the engines discharged into jet-condensers and cooling was by 16 fan driven circular steel
813:
heat to private customers. For the City area the charges were 2.37 d./kWh other public lighting, 3.14 d./kWh for private lighting, 0.93 d./kWh for power and heat to the borough council, and 1.51 d./kWh for power and heat to private customers.
996:
The increase in expenditure between 1913 and 1919 is partly due to the rise in commodity prices during this period. The company noted that the bill for coal in 1914 was less than £40,000 but by 1918 it was £108,000 and in 1919 was £157,000.
792:
It was noted in 1931 that major rebuilding work in the City and the West End particularly the construction of substantially larger buildings provided with ‘lavish’ lighting had increased the demand for electricity from the company.
1446:
Upon nationalisation of the electricity industry in 1948 the Central London Electricity Limited undertaking was abolished and its generation and main transmission assets, including Bow power station, was transferred to the
474:
Following the First World War the reciprocating engines at Bow were gradually replaced with more efficient steam turbines. New Babcock and Wilcox boilers supplied steam at 270 psi (18.6 bar) and 650 °F (343 °C).
446:
Bros. engines. The boilers were manufactured by Richard Hornsby. In 1904–05 a pair of 4 MW generators were added, these were then the largest generating machines in the country. They were driven by Sulzer three cylinder
1514:
1961 the station had a capacity of 2.8 MW, it was run for 170 hours and delivered 62 MWh. In 1961/2 it generated 118 MWh, and in 1962/3 it delivered 252 MWh. The building is used (in 2020) by UK Power Networks.
1431:
Knightsbridge Electric Lighting Company Limited; St. James and Pall Mall Electric Light Company Limited; and Westminster Electric Supply Corporation Limited. The Charing Cross Company changed its name again to
270:
brothers were directors and shareholders of the new company. The Electric Supply Corporation took over the ownership and operation of the Maiden Lane station, and soon after changed the company name to the
414:
245:
To extend supplies more widely in the area the Electric Supply Corporation was registered as an electricity undertaking on 12 June 1889 with statutory authority to supply electricity to parts of
490:
As new generating plant was commissioned so older and less efficient plant was retired: the advent of Bow power station led to the eventual closure of the Lambeth station by 1909.
1404:
for reorganisation of electricity supplies in London. The Joint Committee acquired Bow generating station and the transmission system. In 1924 the company changed its name to the
425:. One of the conditions of the act was that the company would provide, within two years, a power station to supply the City with electricity. Such an arrangement would allow the
2442:
809:
for a private electricity supply and 1.77 d./kWh for public lighting. These were both less than that charged by the City of London Company: 3.87 and 1.98 d./kWh respectively.
1427:. The LPC amalgamated the ownership and management of the generating stations, but left the supply of electricity to customers with the constituent companies.
1588:
289:. The plant at Commercial Road had a capacity of 3,600 kW and operated at 1,000 V. The voltage was reduced to 200 V for distribution to customers by
217:. With growing electricity demand a new generating station was built in 1888 at Bull Inn Court, between Maiden Lane and The Strand. The station had three
1437:
433:, about 4 miles north east of Charing Cross. A separate operating undertaking within the Charing Cross Company was established to manage this supply.
2452:
2457:
442:
two 1600 kW Lahmeyer generating sets. The 800 kW sets were driven by Bellis and Morcom high speed engines, and the 1600 kW sets by
277:
To supplement electricity supplies the Charing Cross Company built a new power station in 1896 at 85 Commercial Road, Lambeth on the south of the
1593:
180:. The company was abolished on 31 March 1948 when the British electricity industry was nationalised, and its assets were transferred to the
2447:
282:
455:, 30 ft (11 m) in diameter and 85 ft (26 m) high. Coal was delivered to the power station by the River Lea and its channels.
2462:
1598:
422:
1459:(1958–69). The electricity distribution and sales to customer assets of the Central London Electricity Limited were vested in the
1456:
2385:
1416:
2154:
1686:
293:
sets located in local substations on the north side of the river. These substations were located at Maiden Lane;
2224:
1896:
200:
and his brother Rocco Joseph Stefano Gatti owned the Royal Adelphi theatre and the Adelaide restaurant in the
1850:
1613:
1452:
1448:
493:
It was reported in 1910 that the City of Westminster had transferred electric street lighting, comprising 66
1633:
2410:
429:
to purchase a complete electricity supply system. Accordingly, a new station was constructed at Bow in the
1554:
The Gatti family, and their role in electricity supply, are commemorated on a Green Plaque in the Strand.
2084:
430:
426:
1401:
1500:
161:
1608:
1460:
274:. Further increases in demand were met by several extensions to the Maiden Lane station from 1892.
1476:
of the station was 13.6 per cent, this had fallen to 9.84 percent in the final year of operation.
458:
The station transmitted electricity at 10 kV through underground cables through the districts of
262:
213:. The system was capable of operating 330 lamps. By 1886 the plant was supplying lighting at the
233:
coupled to two 84 kW and two 50 kW Edison-Hopkinson dynamos. These machines generated
222:
421:
c. lxxxviii) to supply electricity to the City of London. This supply was in competition with
1834:
Bourne, R. (April 1996). "The beginnings of electric street lighting in the City of London".
1435:. All the shares of Central London Electricity were held by a non-statutory company known as
1415:
In 1925 the Charing Cross Company and other undertakings formed, under the provisions of the
443:
1603:
1424:
504:
A summary of operating data for the Charing Cross Company from 1903 to 1936 is as follows:
155:
1572:
Charing Cross, West End and City Electricity Supply Company Limited (February 1905 – 1924)
8:
1510:
Bow power station ceased generating electricity in 1969 and was subsequently demolished.
298:
290:
218:
1929:
1473:
820:
The financial revenue, expenditure and surplus over the period 1912–36 was as follows:
188:. The Charing Cross Corporation's Bow power station continued in operation until 1969.
2220:
1933:
1892:
1420:
1921:
1862:
1532:
418:
254:
197:
1496:
448:
286:
214:
459:
294:
234:
230:
201:
150:
1408:
and was an authorised distribution supplying an electricity supply in bulk to
1396:
In 1920 the company was one of nine electricity undertakings which formed the
2436:
2200:"Law Report, Dec. 6 Amalgamation of London Electric Supply Companies (p.4)".
1912:
Duffy, Michael C. (2003). "Thermodynamics and Powerhouse Design, 1890-1960".
806:
452:
253:. These areas were: the southern part of Holborn Metropolitan Borough except
206:
1866:
1569:
Charing Cross and Strand Electricity Supply Corporation Limited (1889–1905)
1479:
The electricity output of the station, in GWh, over the period 1946–68 was:
278:
86:
Charing Cross, West End and City Electricity Supply Company (1905, renamed)
1925:
467:
250:
2320:
Generation of Electricity in Great Britain year ended 31st December 1946
2139:"Charing Cross, West End, and City Electricity Company Limited (p.24)".
1733:
1545:
The Company Secretary was Edward Wilmot Seale, later Cecil G. Stanesby
258:
226:
1804:"The Charing Cross and Strand Electricity Supply Corporation (p.13)".
1495:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
2360:
508:
Charing Cross Electricity Company summary of operating data, 1903–36
494:
485:
Charing Cross, West End and City Electricity Supply Company Limited
463:
246:
2124:"Charing Cross, West End & City Electricity Supply (p.22)".
281:. Electricity was transferred across the river through ducts in
272:
Charing Cross and Strand Electricity Supply Corporation Limited
210:
173:
Charing Cross and Strand Electricity Supply Corporation Limited
19:
Charing Cross and Strand Electricity Supply Corporation Limited
824:
Charing Cross Electricity Company financial summary, 1912–36
1891:. London: The Electricity Council. pp. 21, 35, 45, 60.
1575:
Charing Cross Electricity Supply Company Limited (1924–1937)
1551:
The company office was at 60 St. Martin's Lane, London, WC.
413:
In 1899 the company sought and received authority under the
1522:
The Directors of the Charing Cross Company in 1903 were:
2291:"British Power Stations operating at 31 December 1961".
2155:"Charing Cross, West End and City Electricity Supply Co"
1886:
1589:
List of pre-nationalisation UK electric power companies
1005:
Charing Cross company shareholder dividends, 1892–1919
2443:
Defunct electric power companies of the United Kingdom
2053:
1889:
Electricity Supply in the United Kingdom: a Chronology
1855:
Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers
2247:"Schedule of Power Stations as at 31 December 1954".
2035:
2015:
1995:
1973:
1764:
483:
The company changed its name in February 1905 to the
2180:"Charing Cross Electricity Supply Company *p.22)".
2109:"Charing Cross Electricity Supply Company (p.20)".
1780:"Electric Lighting in The Strand District (p.12)".
1535:(1872–1929) (Managing Director until at least 1928)
1526:
Sir William Francis Fladgate (1853–1937) (Chairman)
2020:. London: London County Council. pp. 299–303.
2000:. London: London County Council. pp. 289–305.
1978:. London: London County Council. pp. 546–554.
1562:In summary the various names of the company were:
1438:London Associated Electricity Undertakings Limited
805:In 1903 the Charing Cross Company charged 3.78 d./
2040:. London: London County Council. pp. 382–96.
1672:. Cambridge: Babcock and Wilcox. pp. 109–11.
1566:Electric Supply Corporation (12 June 1889 – 1889)
1391:
487:to reflect its enlarged supply area in the City.
137:Generation, distribution and sales of electricity
2434:
1406:Charing Cross Electricity Supply Company Limited
1851:"Electricity supply in the City of Westminster"
2334:Garke's Manual of Electricity Supply (vol. 56)
1594:Timeline of the UK electricity supply industry
1578:Central London Electricity Limited (1937–1948)
240:
2275:Garcke's Manual of Electricity Supply vol. 57
1769:. London: London County Council. pp. xc.
1634:"Charing Cross and Strand Electric Supply Co"
1670:The Early Days of the Power Station Industry
267:Metropolitan Electric Supply Company Limited
2159:Grace's Guide to British Industrial History
2069:"Charing Cross Electricity Supply (p.22)".
1638:Grace's Guide to British Industrial History
2336:. London: Electrical Press. pp. A-92.
2058:. London: HMSO. pp. 148–151, 376–381.
1687:"Charing Cross Electricity Supply Company"
1410:Smithfield Markets Electric Supply Company
160:
1950:"Street Lighting in Westminster (p.13)".
1836:Engineering Science and Education Journal
1548:The Engineer-in-Chief was W.H. Patchell.
415:City of London Electric Lighting Act 1900
43:Energy: electricity generation and supply
2453:Electric power infrastructure in England
1599:County of London Electric Supply Company
423:City of London Electric Lighting Company
309:Growth of the Charing Cross undertaking
261:; the Strand district and the parish of
2458:Energy companies disestablished in 1948
2331:
2277:. London: Garcke. 1960. pp. A-109.
1667:
1466:
92:British Electricity Authority (1948–55)
2435:
2286:
2284:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2214:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2049:
2047:
2031:
2029:
2027:
1848:
1833:
1818:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1945:
1943:
1911:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1731:
1727:
1529:G.H. Brougham Glasier (Vice-Chairman)
27:Electricity Supply Corporation (1889)
1998:London Statistics 1920-21 vol. XXVII
1914:Transactions of the Newcomen Society
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1681:
1679:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1481:
1457:Central Electricity Generating Board
436:
2448:Electric power companies of England
2411:"Gatti Family – Strand, London, UK"
2332:Garrett, Frederick C., ed. (1959).
2281:
2233:
2188:
2044:
2024:
1976:London Statistics 1913-14 vol. XXIV
1417:London Electricity (No. 2) Act 1925
789:of Shorts Gardens near Drury Lane.
13:
2217:Electricity before Nationalisation
2004:
1982:
1958:
1940:
1873:
1472:tons of coal. In 1954 the overall
1433:Central London Electricity Limited
1400:to oppose schemes proposed by the
1398:London Electricity Joint Committee
95:London Electricity Board (1948–90)
14:
2474:
2219:. London: Macmillan. p. 24.
2018:London Statistics 1924-25 vol. 30
1849:Brooke, R.C.R. (September 1979).
1821:Manual of Electrical Undertakings
1788:
1751:
1732:Horne, Mike (16 September 2016).
1704:
1676:
1652:
2038:London Statistics 1936-8 vol. 41
1887:The Electricity Council (1987).
1557:
1486:
499:St. James Electric Light Company
265:in the City of Westminster. The
2463:Former power stations in London
2403:
2378:
2353:
2340:
2325:
2312:
2299:
2267:
2255:
2208:
2173:
2147:
2132:
2117:
2102:
2077:
2062:
2054:Electricity Commission (1925).
1905:
1842:
1823:. London: P. S. King & son.
1343:London average dividend %
1151:London average dividend %
221:boilers providing steam at 140
2386:"Sir William Francis Fladgate"
2085:"60-72 Shorts Gardens, London"
2056:Electricity Supply - 1920-1923
2036:London County Council (1939).
2016:London County Council (1926).
1996:London County Council (1922).
1974:London County Council (1915).
1827:
1812:
1773:
1765:London County Council (1905).
1626:
1455:(1955–57), and finally to the
1392:Amalgamation and joint working
89:London Power Company (1925–48)
1:
1619:
1517:
1453:Central Electricity Authority
1449:British Electricity Authority
478:
182:British Electricity Authority
800:
317:No. of 8 candle power lamps
7:
2251:. 24 June 1955: 1123. 1955.
1582:
528:Electricity generated, GWh
241:Public electricity supplies
198:Sir John Maria Emilio Gatti
119:City of London and West End
10:
2479:
2348:Annual Report and Accounts
2307:Annual report and accounts
1197:
191:
59:Sir John and Stefano Gatti
2390:National Portrait Gallery
2295:. 1 June 1962: 931. 1962.
2262:CEGB Statistical Yearbook
1734:"London's Power Stations"
1402:Electricity Commissioners
1249:West End dividend %
1057:West End dividend %
963:
935:
907:
876:
845:
759:
753:
750:
744:
701:
658:
633:
618:
593:
578:
535:
149:
141:
133:
123:
113:
102:
79:
71:
63:
55:
47:
39:
31:
23:
2318:Electricity Commission,
2264:(1964–67), CEGB, London.
1767:London Statistics vol XV
1609:London Electricity Board
1461:London Electricity Board
760:55.08 + 133.8 purchased
519:Generating capacity, MW
263:St. Martin in the Fields
186:London Electricity Board
2215:Hannah, Leslie (1979).
1451:(1948–55), then to the
717:3.72 + 46.57 purchased
674:2.70 + 21.41 purchased
1867:10.1049/piee.1979.0267
1819:Garcke, Emile (1898).
1668:Parsons, R.H. (1939).
531:Electricity sold, GWh
106:60 St. Martin's Lane,
35:Public limited company
2322:. London: HMSO, 1947.
1296:City dividend %
1104:City dividend %
1926:10.1179/tns.2003.011
1604:London Power Company
1467:Post-nationalisation
1425:London Power Company
737:0 + 52.24 purchased
178:London Power Company
156:London Power Company
2361:"UK Power Networks"
2161:. 28 September 2016
1006:
825:
509:
431:Borough of West Ham
310:
229:) to four compound
20:
2204:. 7 December 1937.
1474:thermal efficiency
1421:15 & 16 Geo. 5
1004:
823:
525:No. of Customers
507:
308:
297:, Drury Lane; and
219:Babcock and Wilcox
196:The entrepreneurs
18:
2365:UK Power Networks
2293:Electrical Review
2249:Electrical Review
1954:. 24 August 1910.
1533:Sir John M. Gatti
1508:
1507:
1423:. c. lxiii), the
1389:
1388:
994:
993:
778:
777:
522:Maximum load, MW
437:Bow power station
419:63 & 64 Vict.
411:
410:
169:
168:
145:see table in text
2470:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2417:. 27 August 2016
2407:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2357:
2351:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2329:
2323:
2316:
2310:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2288:
2279:
2278:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2244:
2231:
2230:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2197:
2186:
2185:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2143:. 12 March 1920.
2136:
2130:
2129:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2113:. 12 March 1931.
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2051:
2042:
2041:
2033:
2022:
2021:
2013:
2002:
2001:
1993:
1980:
1979:
1971:
1956:
1955:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1884:
1871:
1870:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1801:
1786:
1785:
1784:. 21 March 1896.
1777:
1771:
1770:
1762:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1729:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1691:London Remembers
1683:
1674:
1673:
1665:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1630:
1541:Richard Chadwick
1490:
1489:
1482:
1007:
1003:
826:
822:
510:
506:
449:compound engines
427:City Corporation
311:
307:
299:St. Martins Lane
287:Waterloo Bridges
165:
164:
21:
17:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2420:
2418:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2394:
2392:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2369:
2367:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2350:, various years
2345:
2341:
2330:
2326:
2317:
2313:
2309:, various years
2304:
2300:
2290:
2289:
2282:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2260:
2256:
2246:
2245:
2234:
2227:
2213:
2209:
2199:
2198:
2189:
2184:. 5 March 1926.
2179:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2128:. 9 March 1923.
2123:
2122:
2118:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2093:
2091:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2073:. 9 March 1928.
2068:
2067:
2063:
2052:
2045:
2034:
2025:
2014:
2005:
1994:
1983:
1972:
1959:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1885:
1874:
1847:
1843:
1832:
1828:
1817:
1813:
1808:. 14 July 1903.
1803:
1802:
1789:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1763:
1752:
1742:
1740:
1730:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1685:
1684:
1677:
1666:
1653:
1643:
1641:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1585:
1560:
1520:
1504:
1491:
1487:
1469:
1394:
803:
481:
439:
291:motor–generator
243:
231:Willans engines
215:Adelphi theatre
194:
159:
126:
116:
109:
98:
75:Nationalisation
12:
11:
5:
2476:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2429:
2428:
2415:Waymarking.com
2402:
2377:
2352:
2339:
2324:
2311:
2298:
2280:
2266:
2254:
2232:
2225:
2207:
2187:
2172:
2146:
2131:
2116:
2101:
2076:
2061:
2043:
2023:
2003:
1981:
1957:
1939:
1904:
1897:
1872:
1861:(9): 875–883.
1841:
1826:
1811:
1787:
1772:
1750:
1703:
1675:
1651:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1559:
1556:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1519:
1516:
1506:
1505:
1494:
1492:
1485:
1468:
1465:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
992:
991:
988:
985:
982:
978:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
961:
960:
958:
956:
953:
949:
948:
946:
943:
940:
937:
933:
932:
930:
928:
925:
921:
920:
918:
915:
912:
909:
905:
904:
901:
898:
895:
891:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
874:
873:
870:
867:
864:
860:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
843:
842:
841:Gross surplus
839:
836:
833:
830:
802:
799:
776:
775:
772:
769:
765:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
742:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
722:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
699:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
679:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
656:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
639:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
616:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
599:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
576:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
556:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
533:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
480:
477:
453:cooling towers
438:
435:
409:
408:
405:
402:
399:
395:
394:
391:
388:
385:
381:
380:
377:
374:
371:
367:
366:
363:
360:
357:
353:
352:
349:
346:
343:
339:
338:
335:
332:
329:
325:
324:
321:
320:Gross revenue
318:
315:
295:Shorts Gardens
242:
239:
235:direct current
193:
190:
167:
166:
153:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
100:
99:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
83:
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
65:
61:
60:
57:
53:
52:
49:
45:
44:
41:
37:
36:
33:
29:
28:
25:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2475:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2349:
2343:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2315:
2308:
2302:
2294:
2287:
2285:
2276:
2270:
2263:
2258:
2250:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2228:
2222:
2218:
2211:
2203:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2183:
2176:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2142:
2135:
2127:
2120:
2112:
2105:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2072:
2065:
2057:
2050:
2048:
2039:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2019:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1999:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1977:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1953:
1946:
1944:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1920:(2): 209–29.
1919:
1915:
1908:
1900:
1894:
1890:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1837:
1830:
1822:
1815:
1807:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1783:
1776:
1768:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1739:
1735:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1680:
1671:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1640:. 9 June 2015
1639:
1635:
1629:
1625:
1615:
1614:National Grid
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1558:Company names
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1540:
1538:Stefano Gatti
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1515:
1511:
1502:
1501:MediaWiki.org
1498:
1493:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1434:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1002:
998:
989:
986:
983:
980:
979:
975:
972:
969:
966:
962:
959:
957:
954:
951:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
934:
931:
929:
926:
923:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
906:
902:
899:
896:
893:
892:
888:
885:
882:
879:
875:
871:
868:
865:
862:
861:
857:
854:
851:
848:
844:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
827:
821:
818:
814:
810:
808:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
773:
770:
767:
766:
762:
756:
747:
743:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
723:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
700:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
680:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
657:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
640:
636:
630:
627:
624:
621:
617:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
600:
596:
590:
587:
584:
581:
577:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
557:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
534:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
511:
505:
502:
500:
496:
491:
488:
486:
476:
472:
469:
465:
461:
456:
454:
450:
445:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
407:£18,907 2 11
406:
404:£48,880 17 9
403:
400:
397:
396:
393:£15,288 15 1
392:
390:£38,804 13 4
389:
386:
383:
382:
379:£12,587 3 11
378:
375:
372:
369:
368:
365:£10,395 12 9
364:
361:
358:
355:
354:
350:
348:£22,303 19 2
347:
344:
341:
340:
336:
334:£20,658 13 8
333:
330:
327:
326:
322:
319:
316:
313:
312:
306:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
275:
273:
268:
264:
260:
256:
255:Lincoln's Inn
252:
248:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
203:
199:
189:
187:
183:
179:
174:
163:
157:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
122:
118:
112:
105:
101:
94:
91:
88:
85:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
67:31 March 1948
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
16:
2419:. Retrieved
2414:
2405:
2393:. Retrieved
2389:
2380:
2368:. Retrieved
2364:
2355:
2347:
2342:
2333:
2327:
2319:
2314:
2306:
2301:
2292:
2274:
2269:
2261:
2257:
2248:
2216:
2210:
2201:
2181:
2175:
2163:. Retrieved
2158:
2149:
2140:
2134:
2125:
2119:
2110:
2104:
2092:. Retrieved
2088:
2079:
2070:
2064:
2055:
2037:
2017:
1997:
1975:
1951:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1888:
1858:
1854:
1844:
1835:
1829:
1820:
1814:
1805:
1781:
1775:
1766:
1741:. Retrieved
1737:
1694:. Retrieved
1690:
1669:
1642:. Retrieved
1637:
1628:
1561:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1521:
1512:
1509:
1478:
1470:
1445:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1397:
1395:
999:
995:
838:Expenditure
832:Undertaking
819:
815:
811:
804:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
516:Undertaking
503:
498:
492:
489:
484:
482:
473:
457:
440:
412:
376:£28,571 0 1
362:£26,532 0 5
337:£9,997 13 3
323:Net revenue
303:
279:River Thames
276:
271:
266:
244:
195:
185:
181:
177:
172:
170:
103:Headquarters
51:12 June 1889
32:Company type
15:
2421:24 February
2395:24 February
2370:25 February
2165:24 February
2094:25 February
1743:24 February
1696:24 February
1644:24 February
1497:Phabricator
497:run by the
468:Whitechapel
351:£8,654 8 4
305:the table.
251:Westminster
115:Area served
2437:Categories
2226:0333220862
2089:Span Group
1898:085188105X
1620:References
1518:Key people
781:imported.
479:Operations
283:Hungerford
259:Staple Inn
237:at 105 V.
125:Key people
2202:The Times
2182:The Times
2141:The Times
2126:The Times
2111:The Times
2071:The Times
1952:The Times
1934:110982087
1806:The Times
1782:The Times
990:£184,449
987:£265,286
984:£388,618
976:£190,740
973:£296,735
970:£410,674
967:West End
955:£437,002
945:£187,000
942:£333,000
939:West End
927:£438,772
917:£212,116
914:£312,500
911:West End
900:£258,250
897:£330,981
886:£152,911
883:£262,950
880:West End
866:£148,513
852:£146,265
849:West End
801:Financial
748:West End
705:West End
662:West End
622:West End
582:West End
539:West End
495:arc lamps
80:Successor
1738:Metadyne
1583:See also
903:£60,327
889:£96,789
872:£66,673
869:£72,697
858:£79,801
855:£57,564
846:1912–13
835:Revenue
659:1923–24
579:1912–13
464:Mile End
401:107,542
209:bipolar
184:and the
134:Services
129:see text
40:Industry
24:Formerly
1499:and on
387:73,464
373:51,302
359:41,216
345:34,570
331:29,000
247:Holborn
211:dynamos
192:History
142:Revenue
64:Defunct
56:Founder
48:Founded
2223:
1932:
1895:
774:62.11
763:54.35
754:48.99
740:43.50
720:39.27
697:45.02
694:52.13
688:24.93
677:18.98
668:10.92
654:17.54
637:12.65
634:41.90
614:15.43
605:19.72
597:12.23
594:39.00
551:10.32
460:Poplar
444:Sulzer
207:Edison
202:Strand
158:
151:Parent
108:London
2346:CEGB
2305:GEGB
1930:S2CID
1838:: 87.
1385:5.76
1382:4.96
1379:5.32
1376:4.68
1373:4.87
1370:5.10
1367:5.33
1364:5.18
1361:5.11
1358:5.07
1355:5.07
1352:5.12
1349:5.14
1346:5.40
1338:3.37
1335:3.37
1332:3.37
1329:3.37
1326:3.37
1323:3.37
1320:3.37
1317:3.37
1314:3.37
1311:3.34
1308:3.27
1305:3.66
1302:3.38
1299:3.46
1291:5.12
1288:4.16
1285:4.16
1282:4.48
1279:4.48
1276:4.48
1273:4.80
1270:4.48
1267:4.48
1264:4.48
1261:4.48
1258:4.48
1255:4.48
1252:4.50
1244:1919
1241:1918
1238:1917
1235:1916
1232:1915
1229:1914
1226:1913
1223:1912
1220:1911
1217:1910
1214:1909
1211:1908
1208:1907
1205:1906
1202:Year
1193:5.65
1190:5.79
1187:5.51
1184:5.55
1181:5.29
1178:4.60
1175:5.15
1172:5.10
1169:5.54
1166:4.66
1163:4.01
1160:3.40
1157:2.68
1154:2.10
1146:3.30
1143:3.26
1140:3.17
1137:3.80
1134:3.65
1099:4.52
1096:5.37
1093:5.66
1090:5.78
1087:6.66
1084:6.95
1081:7.43
1078:6.25
1075:6.19
1072:5.47
1069:5.01
1066:4.66
1063:4.62
1060:4.75
1052:1905
1049:1904
1046:1903
1043:1902
1040:1901
1037:1900
1034:1899
1031:1898
1028:1897
1025:1896
1022:1895
1019:1894
1016:1893
1013:1892
1010:Year
981:City
964:1936
952:City
936:1922
924:City
908:1921
894:City
877:1919
863:City
829:Year
771:6220
768:City
757:5394
745:1936
725:City
702:1931
691:5696
685:30.5
682:City
671:4602
665:2.60
645:20.9
642:City
628:7.19
619:1919
611:4466
608:7.38
602:City
591:3464
588:6.33
585:3.76
574:3.56
571:5.80
565:5.71
559:City
554:7.19
545:4.28
536:1903
513:Year
398:1897
384:1896
370:1895
356:1894
342:1893
328:1892
314:Year
225:(9.6
2423:2020
2397:2020
2372:2020
2221:ISBN
2167:2020
2096:2020
1893:ISBN
1745:2020
1698:2020
1646:2020
751:6.4
648:9.4
625:2.6
562:8.0
542:4.4
466:and
285:and
257:and
249:and
171:The
72:Fate
1922:doi
1863:doi
1859:126
807:kWh
227:bar
223:psi
2439::
2413:.
2388:.
2363:.
2283:^
2235:^
2190:^
2157:.
2087:.
2046:^
2026:^
2006:^
1984:^
1960:^
1942:^
1928:.
1918:73
1916:.
1875:^
1857:.
1853:.
1790:^
1753:^
1736:.
1706:^
1689:.
1678:^
1654:^
1636:.
1463:.
1412:.
1131:–
1128:–
1125:–
1122:–
1119:–
1116:–
1113:–
1110:–
1107:–
734:?
731:?
728:?
714:?
711:?
708:?
651:?
631:?
568:?
548:?
462:,
301:.
2425:.
2399:.
2374:.
2229:.
2169:.
2098:.
1936:.
1924::
1901:.
1869:.
1865::
1747:.
1700:.
1648:.
1503:.
1440:.
1419:(
417:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
