915:, can request the court convert the case into a liquidation under chapter 7, or appoint a trustee to manage the debtor's business. The court will grant a motion to convert to chapter 7 or appoint a trustee if either of these actions is in the best interest of all creditors. Sometimes a company will liquidate under chapter 11 (perhaps in a 363 sale), in which the pre-existing management may be able to help get a higher price for divisions or other assets than a chapter 7 liquidation would be likely to achieve. Section 362(d) of the Bankruptcy Code allows the court to terminate, annul, or modify the continuation of the automatic stay as may be necessary or appropriate to balance the competing interests of the debtor, its estate, creditors, and other parties in interest and grants the bankruptcy court considerable flexibility to tailor relief to the exigencies of the circumstances. Relief from the automatic stay is generally sought by motion and, if opposed, is treated as a contested matter under Bankruptcy Rule 9014. A party seeking relief from the automatic stay must also pay the filing fee required by 28 U.S.C.A. § 1930(b).
237:
936:. The trustee or debtor-in-possession is given the right, under § 365 of the Bankruptcy Code, subject to court approval, to assume or reject executory contracts and unexpired leases. The trustee or debtor-in-possession must assume or reject an executory contract in its entirety, unless some portion of it is severable. The trustee or debtor-in-possession normally assumes a contract or lease if it is needed to operate the reorganized business or if it can be assigned or sold at a profit. The trustee or debtor-in-possession normally rejects a contract or lease to transform damage claims arising from the nonperformance of those obligations into a prepetition claim. In some situations, rejection can also limit the damages that a contract counterparty can claim against the debtor.
866:
bankruptcy. The
Bankruptcy Code accomplishes this objective through the use of a bankruptcy plan. The debtor in possession typically has the first opportunity to propose a plan during the period of exclusivity. This period allows the debtor 120 days from the date of filing for chapter 11 to propose a plan of reorganization before any other party in interest may propose a plan. If the debtor proposes a plan within the 120-day exclusivity period, a 180-day exclusivity period from the date of filing for chapter 11 is granted in order to allow the debtor to gain confirmation of the proposed plan. With some exceptions, the plan may be proposed by any party in interest. Interested creditors then vote for a plan.
1012:. The SBRA requires the U.S. Trustee appoint a "subchapter V trustee" to every Subchapter V case to supervise and control estate funds, and facilitate the development of a consensual plan. It also eliminates automatic appointment of an official committee of unsecured creditors and abolishes quarterly fees usually paid to the U.S. Trustee throughout the case. Most notably, Subchapter V allows the small business owner to retain their equity in the business so long as the reorganization plan does not discriminate unfairly and is fair and equitable with respect to each class of claims or interests.
53:
843:. While the automatic stay is in place, creditors are stayed from any collection attempts or activities against the debtor in possession, and most litigation against the debtor is stayed, or put on hold, until it can be resolved in bankruptcy court, or resumed in its original venue. An example of proceedings that are not necessarily stayed automatically are family law proceedings against a spouse or parent. Further, creditors may file with the court seeking relief from the automatic stay.
1504:
1518:
891:
plan, but that may not always be possible. Section 1121(b) of the
Bankruptcy Code provides for an exclusivity period in which only the debtor may file a plan of reorganization. This period lasts 120 days after the date of the order for relief, and if the debtor does file a plan within the first 120 days, the exclusivity period is extended to 180 days after the order for relief for the debtor to seek acceptance of the plan by holders of claims and interests.
819:
entitlements are distributed to various groups of investors, are often based on a valuation of the reorganized business. Bankruptcy valuation is often highly contentious because it is both subjective and important to case outcomes. The methods of valuation used in bankruptcy have changed over time, generally tracking methods used in investment banking, Delaware corporate law, and corporate and academic finance, but with a significant time lag.
880:
business for the duration of the plan. If a plan cannot be confirmed, the court may either convert the case to a liquidation under chapter 7, or, if in the best interests of the creditors and the estate, the case may be dismissed resulting in a return to the status quo before bankruptcy. If the case is dismissed, creditors will look to non-bankruptcy law in order to satisfy their claims.
984:) generally provides a secured party with an interest in an aircraft the ability to take possession of the equipment within 60 days after a bankruptcy filing unless the airline cures all defaults. More specifically, the right of the lender to take possession of the secured equipment is not hampered by the automatic stay provisions of the Bankruptcy Code.
968:, in the debtor's property—will be paid before unsecured creditors. Unsecured creditors' claims are prioritized by § 507. For instance the claims of suppliers of products or employees of a company may be paid before other unsecured creditors are paid. Each priority level must be paid in full before the next lower priority level may receive payment.
850:, its debts exceed its assets and the business is unable to pay debts as they come due, the bankruptcy restructuring may result in the company's owners being left with nothing; instead, the owners' rights and interests are ended and the company's creditors are left with ownership of the newly reorganized company.
884:
confirmation plan. This process can be complicated if creditors fail or refuse to vote. In which case, the plan proponent might tailor his or her efforts in obtaining votes, or the plan itself. The plan may be modified before confirmation, so long as the modified plan meets all the requirements of
Chapter 11.
895:
importantly, the bankruptcy court must find the plan (a) complies with applicable law, and (b) has been proposed in good faith. Furthermore, the court must determine whether the plan is "feasible," in other words, the court must safeguard that confirming the plan will not yield to liquidation down the road.
1059:
Chapter 11 cases dropped by 60% from 1991 to 2003. One 2007 study found this was because businesses were turning to bankruptcy-like proceedings under state law, rather than the federal bankruptcy proceedings, including those under chapter 11. Insolvency proceedings under state law, the study stated,
923:
In the new millennium, airlines have fallen under intense scrutiny for what many see as abusing
Chapter 11 bankruptcy as a tool for escaping labor contracts, usually 30–35% of an airline's operating cost. Every major US airline has filed for Chapter 11 since 2002. In the space of 2 years (2002–2004)
818:
In a
Chapter 11 bankruptcy, the debtor corporation is typically recapitalized so that it emerges from bankruptcy with more equity and less debt, a process through which some of the debtor corporation's debts may be discharged. Determinations as to which debts are discharged, and how equity and other
838:
Chapter 11 affords the debtor in possession a number of mechanisms to restructure its business. A debtor in possession can acquire financing and loans on favorable terms by giving new lenders first priority on the business's earnings. The court may also permit the debtor in possession to reject and
890:
In order for a chapter 11 debtor to reorganize, they must file (and the court must confirm) a plan of reorganization. Simply put, the plan is a compromise between the major stakeholders in the case, including, but not limited to the debtor and its creditors. Most chapter 11 cases aim to confirm a
814:
If the judge approves the reorganization plan and the creditors all agree, then the plan can be confirmed. Section 1129 of the
Bankruptcy Code requires the bankruptcy court reach certain conclusions prior to confirming or approving the plan and making it binding on all parties in the case, most
894:
If the judge approves the reorganization plan and the creditors all "agree", then the plan can be confirmed. §1129 of the
Bankruptcy Code requires the bankruptcy court reach certain conclusions prior to "confirming" or "approving" the plan and making it binding on all parties in the case. Most
883:
In order to proceed to the confirmation hearing, a disclosure statement must be approved by the bankruptcy court. Once the disclosure statement is approved, the plan proponent will solicit votes from the classes of creditors. Solicitation is the process by which creditors vote on the proposed
879:
are met. In order to be confirmed over the creditors' objection, the plan must not discriminate against that class of creditors, and the plan must be found fair and equitable to that class. Upon confirmation, the plan becomes binding and identifies the treatment of debts and operations of the
865:
Chapter 11 usually results in reorganization of the debtor's business or personal assets and debts, but can also be used as a mechanism for liquidation. Debtors may "emerge" from a chapter 11 bankruptcy within a few months or within several years, depending on the size and complexity of the
810:
A Chapter 11 bankruptcy will result in one of three outcomes for the debtor: reorganization, conversion to
Chapter 7 bankruptcy, or dismissal. In order for a Chapter 11 debtor to reorganize, the debtor must file (and the court must confirm) a plan of reorganization. In effect, the plan is a
1060:
are currently faster, less expensive, and more private, with some states not even requiring court filings. However, a 2005 study claimed the drop may have been due to an increase in the incorrect classification of many bankruptcies as "consumer cases" rather than "business cases".
1036:
was on airlines that were in
Chapter 11. These airlines were able to stop making debt payments, break their previously agreed upon labor union contracts, freeing up cash to expand routes or weather a price war against competitors — all with the bankruptcy court's approval.
815:
notably that the plan complies with applicable law and was proposed in good faith. The court must also find that the reorganization plan is feasible in that, unless the plan provides otherwise, the plan is not likely to be followed by further reorganization or liquidation.
996:
to
Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code. Subchapter V, which took effect in February 2020, is reserved exclusively for the small business debtor with the purpose of expediting bankruptcy procedure and economically resolving small business bankruptcy cases.
856:
One controversy that has broken out in bankruptcy courts concerns the proper amount of disclosure that the court and other parties are entitled to receive from the members of the creditor's committees that play a large role in many proceedings.
236:
874:
If the judge approves the reorganization plan and the creditors all agree, then the plan can be confirmed. If at least one class of creditors objects and votes against the plan, it may nonetheless be confirmed if the requirements of
955:
As a general rule, administrative expenses (the actual, necessary expenses of preserving the bankruptcy estate, including expenses such as employee wages, and the cost of litigating the chapter 11 case) are paid first.
1585:
Joseph Swanson and Peter Marshall, Houlihan Lokey and Lyndon Norley, Kirkland & Ellis International LLP (2008). A Practitioner's Guide to Corporate Restructuring. City & Financial Publishing, 1st edition
1007:
A Subchapter V case contrasts from a traditional Chapter 11 in several key aspects: it is earmarked only for the "small business debtor" (as defined by the Bankruptcy Code), so, only a debtor can file a plan of
910:
of § 362. The automatic stay requires all creditors to cease collection attempts, and makes many post-petition debt collection efforts void or voidable. Under some circumstances, some creditors, or the
2030:
800:
In Chapter 7, the business ceases operations, a trustee sells all of its assets, and then distributes the proceeds to its creditors. Any residual amount is returned to the owners of the company.
1981:
835:
empowers the trustee to operate the debtor's business. In Chapter 11, unless a separate trustee is appointed for cause, the debtor, as debtor in possession, acts as trustee of the business.
1028:) may facilitate the desired result. A company undergoing Chapter 11 reorganization is effectively operating under the "protection" of the court until it emerges. An example is the
853:
All creditors are entitled to be heard by the court. The court is ultimately responsible for determining whether the proposed plan of reorganization complies with bankruptcy laws.
827:
Chapter 11 retains many of the features present in all, or most, bankruptcy proceedings in the United States. It provides additional tools for debtors as well. Most importantly,
1468:‡ The Enron assets were taken from the 10-Q filed on November 11, 2001. The company announced that the annual financials were under review at the time of filing for Chapter 11.
811:
compromise between the major stakeholders in the case, including the debtor and its creditors. Most Chapter 11 cases aim to confirm a plan, but that may not always be possible.
2439:
2200:
2736:
1049:
2047:
1465:
Enron, Lehman Brothers, MF Global and Refco have all ceased operations while others were acquired by other buyers or emerged as a new company with a similar name.
898:
The plan must ensure that the debtor will be able to pay most administrative and priority claims (priority claims over unsecured claims) on the effective date.
69:
1707:
1000:
Subchapter V retains many of the advantages of a traditional Chapter 11 case without the unnecessary procedural burdens and costs. It seeks to increase the
944:
Chapter 11 follows the same priority scheme as other bankruptcy chapters. The priority structure is defined primarily by § 507 of the Bankruptcy Code (
2408:
1079:
Holdings Inc., which listed $ 639 billion in assets as of its Chapter 11 filing in 2008. The 16 largest corporate bankruptcies as of December 13, 2011
1063:
Cases involving more than US$ 50 million in assets are almost always handled in federal bankruptcy court, and not in bankruptcy-like state proceeding.
1972:
2291:
2729:
2019:
2466:
1004:
ability to negotiate a successful reorganization and retain control of the business and increase oversight and ensure a quick reorganization.
2796:
887:
A chapter 11 case typically results in one of three outcomes: a reorganization; a conversion into chapter 7 liquidation, or it is dismissed.
540:
1024:
may be unavailable during an economic recession. A preplanned, pre-agreed approach between the debtor and its creditors (sometimes called a
2801:
2722:
1020:
The reorganization and court process may take an inordinate amount of time, limiting the chances of a successful outcome and sufficient
2342:
596:
2074:
1604:
2775:
2770:
1572:
778:
525:
140:
135:
130:
2760:
2443:
2316:
770:
652:
263:
120:
115:
2634:
1727:
212:
2157:
2101:
1689:
1591:
566:
99:
2382:
725:
391:
2201:"Dealing With Distress For Fun & Profit Installment 19 - Chapter 11 Plan Acceptance, Getting a Class to Accept a Plan"
1327:
74:
2745:
2002:
1897:
1656:
1641:
977:
945:
828:
742:
94:
932:, pilot unions and other airline employees claiming the rules of Chapter 11 have helped turn the United States into a
839:
cancel contracts. Debtors are also protected from other litigation against the business through the imposition of an
2580:
2174:
1544:
1387:
1040:
Studies on the impact of forestalling the creditors' rights to enforce their security reach different conclusions.
288:
1705:
Broude, Richard F. (February 1984). "Cramdown and Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code: The Settlement Imperative".
1072:
621:
60:
42:
2416:
2048:"Failure of Creditor Class to Cast Vote on Chapter 11 Plan Does Not Equate to Acceptance | Insights | Jones Day"
1021:
794:
591:
84:
2607:
616:
611:
576:
268:
79:
1112:
606:
166:
171:
31:
2513:
205:
89:
17:
2367:
672:
561:
1494:
718:
601:
586:
571:
556:
442:
699:
689:
642:
530:
468:
319:
298:
1025:
803:
In Chapter 11, in most instances the debtor remains in control of its business operations as a
769:, and to individuals, although it is most prominently used by corporate entities. In contrast,
432:
1798:
2538:
2265:
912:
637:
535:
427:
411:
365:
344:
339:
198:
2660:
Dascher, Paul E. (January 1, 1972). "The Penn Central Revisited: A Predictable Situation".
2118:"The Order of Claims in Bankruptcy: Absolute Priority Rule, Structured Dismissals and More"
2092:
Friedland, Jonathan P.; Berman, Geoffrey L.; Brandess, Michael; Hammeke, Robert A. (2022).
1509:
1482:
965:
804:
647:
253:
186:
161:
2117:
8:
766:
711:
581:
176:
1728:"Valuation in Chapter 11 Bankruptcy: The Dangers of an Implicit Market Test Market Test"
2749:
2677:
2612:
1920:
1880:
1786:
667:
458:
375:
1813:
52:
2714:
2153:
2097:
1872:
1833:
1829:
1794:
1790:
1778:
1685:
1637:
1587:
1445:
1132:
961:
694:
677:
662:
509:
437:
329:
278:
181:
2708:
1941:
2669:
1864:
1825:
1770:
1033:
1029:
957:
504:
473:
370:
334:
2698:
2006:
1973:"Bankruptcy Rules Committee rethinks 2019 pricing disclosure amid HF panic attack"
1901:
1660:
981:
832:
2491:
1916:
1681:
1425:
1406:
1367:
1076:
949:
489:
273:
2266:"How to Confirm a Chapter 11 Plan - Dealing with Distress for Fun & Profit"
1477:
1171:
1009:
933:
907:
840:
156:
2317:"Dealing With Distress For Fun & Profit – The Middle of A Bankruptcy Case"
1814:"Regulating Bankruptcy Abuse: An Empirical Study of Consumer Exemptions Cases"
2790:
1876:
1837:
1782:
992:
In August 2019, the Small Business Reorganization Act of 2019 ("SBRA") added
406:
1636:(2022 ed.). Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Thomson Reuters. pp. §10:1.
906:
Like other forms of bankruptcy, petitions filed under chapter 11 invoke the
2052:
1758:
1488:
993:
781:
provides a reorganization process for the majority of private individuals.
303:
283:
2673:
2018:
Ayer, John D.; Bernstein, Michael; Friedland, Jonathan P. (January 2015).
1672:
Friedland, Jonathan P.; Vandesteeg, Elizabeth B.; Hammeke, Robert (2019).
1774:
929:
774:
762:
758:
463:
293:
2343:"Liquidation Of Troubled Businesses: Chapter 11 Liquidations Increasing"
2681:
1884:
1523:
925:
847:
746:
683:
258:
228:
777:
bankruptcy, though liquidation may also occur under Chapter 11; while
2241:"Bankruptcy Auctions, Bankruptcy Articles, Article 9 Sales and more!"
1852:
1250:
1191:
790:
401:
1868:
1517:
2702:
2143:
2141:
2139:
1270:
1152:
876:
754:
499:
360:
324:
1677:
1230:
807:, and is subject to the oversight and jurisdiction of the court.
2492:"11 U.S. Code § 503 – Allowance of administrative expenses"
2175:"Dealing With Distress For Fun & Profit – Plan Confirmation"
2136:
1290:
1001:
657:
2091:
2368:"massachusetts institute of technology: Airline Data Project"
2152:. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Thomson Reuters. pp. §10:7.
2096:. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Thomson Reuters. pp. §10:7.
1347:
1210:
2240:
2229:. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Thomson Reuters. pp. §4:12.
2227:
Strategic Alternatives For and Against Distressed Businesses
1674:
Strategic Alternatives For and Against Distressed Businesses
1050:
Category:Companies that have filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy
494:
1671:
2199:
Friedland, Jonathan; O'Connor, Jack (February 19, 2019).
1853:"Corporate Reorganizations Based on Cash Flow Valuations"
789:
When a business is unable to service its debt or pay its
749:
laws of the United States. Such reorganization, known as
2173:
Kuney, George; Friedland, Jonathan (February 16, 2016).
822:
2581:"This Day In Market History: Lehman Brothers Collapses"
2514:"Delta and Northwest airlines both file for bankruptcy"
2148:
Friedland, Jonathan P.; Cahill, Christopher M. (2021).
1032:
in the United States; in 2006 over half the industry's
2744:
2017:
2512:
Isidore, Chris; Senior, /Money (September 14, 2005).
2198:
797:
for protection under either Chapter 7 or Chapter 11.
2566:(January 24, 2007), "Small Firms Spurn Chapter 11",
1499:
2383:"AMR Files for Bankruptcy: The Last Giant to Fall"
1971:
1911:
1909:
2296:Ayres, Shelton, Williams, Benson & Paine, LLC
1485:in the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand
1087:Company did not emerge from Chapter 11 bankruptcy
30:"Chapter 11" redirects here. For other uses, see
2788:
2225:Friedland, Jonathan P.; Hammeke, Robert (2021).
2224:
793:, the business or its creditors can file with a
2147:
1906:
1631:
739:Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code
2172:
2730:
2635:"The 10 Largest U.S. Bankruptcies - Chrysler"
2511:
719:
206:
27:Section of the United States Bankruptcy Code
2562:
2560:
2292:"Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Reorganization FAQs"
1579:
2737:
2723:
1917:"11 U.S. Code § 362 – Automatic stay"
1759:"The Evolution of Valuation in Bankruptcy"
1567:
1565:
726:
712:
213:
199:
2605:
1075:in history was of the US investment bank
2557:
1811:
2659:
2608:"G.M.'s Big Bankruptcy, by the Numbers"
2464:
2407:Warner, Margeret (September 13, 2004).
1562:
928:filed for bankruptcy twice leaving the
14:
2789:
2406:
2380:
1984:from the original on December 10, 2022
1704:
918:
784:
2718:
2699:US changes bankruptcy protection laws
2437:
2381:Davies, Richard (November 29, 2011).
1756:
823:Features of Chapter 11 reorganization
2797:United States bankruptcy legislation
2036:from the original on August 5, 2019.
1857:The University of Chicago Law Review
1850:
1725:
1634:Commercial Bankruptcy Litigation, 2d
1627:
1625:
2465:Trumbul, Mark (November 29, 2011).
1942:"§ 1-201. General Definitions"
1812:Trujillo, Bernard (November 2006).
1328:Penn Central Transportation Company
745:) permits reorganization under the
24:
2802:Title 11 of the United States Code
1818:Journal of Empirical Legal Studies
860:
743:Title 11 of the United States Code
235:
25:
2813:
2692:
2606:Edmonston, Peter (June 1, 2009).
2539:"The night of the killer zombies"
1732:University of Illinois Law Review
1622:
1104:Assets adjusted to the year 2012
1015:
901:
2150:Commercial Bankruptcy Litigation
2094:Commercial Bankruptcy Litigation
2075:"Chapter 11 – Bankruptcy Basics"
1830:10.1111/j.1740-1461.2006.00080.x
1605:"Chapter 11 - Bankruptcy Basics"
1545:"Chapter 11 – Bankruptcy Basics"
1516:
1502:
1066:
51:
2653:
2627:
2599:
2573:
2531:
2505:
2484:
2458:
2431:
2400:
2374:
2360:
2335:
2309:
2284:
2258:
2233:
2218:
2192:
2166:
2110:
2085:
2067:
2040:
2011:
1996:
1964:
1955:
1934:
1891:
1844:
1805:
1763:American Bankruptcy Law Journal
1750:
1573:"Chapter 7 - Bankruptcy Basics"
987:
971:
869:
61:Bankruptcy in the United States
1719:
1698:
1665:
1650:
1632:Friedland J, Cahill C (2022).
1597:
1537:
1022:debtor-in-possession financing
13:
1:
2471:The Christian Science Monitor
1530:
1043:
2709:Complete Title 11 (ZIP file)
1575:. US courts. March 11, 2019.
1388:Pacific Gas and Electric Co.
1113:Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc
1054:
7:
2413:Public Broadcasting Service
2409:"US Airways Files....Again"
1471:
1310:Financial Corp. of America
1091:
939:
172:Chief restructuring officer
32:Chapter 11 (disambiguation)
10:
2818:
2662:Financial Analysts Journal
2467:"AMR Files for Chapter 11"
1047:
29:
2756:
2442:. AFL–CIO. Archived from
773:governs the process of a
757:, whether organized as a
673:History of bankruptcy law
149:Aspects of bankruptcy law
1851:Blum, Walter J. (1970).
1495:Insolvency law of Canada
1446:Delphi Corporation, Inc.
1101:Total Assets pre-filing
795:federal bankruptcy court
753:, is available to every
443:Voidable floating charge
1961:1 U.S.C. Sec. 1109 (b).
1026:pre-packaged bankruptcy
690:Pre-packaged insolvency
643:Bankruptcy alternatives
531:Cross-border insolvency
469:Trading while insolvent
320:Insolvency practitioner
299:Provisional liquidation
1107:Filing court district
960:—creditors who have a
433:Undervalue transaction
240:
2674:10.2469/faj.v28.n2.61
913:United States Trustee
751:Chapter 11 bankruptcy
638:Anti-deprivation rule
536:Insolvency Regulation
428:Fraudulent conveyance
412:Scheme of arrangement
366:Preferential creditor
345:Trustee in bankruptcy
340:Referee in Bankruptcy
239:
2587:. September 16, 2019
2440:"AFL-CIO Cries Foul"
2079:United States Courts
1775:10.2139/ssrn.2810622
1757:Simko, Mike (2017).
1726:Dick, Diane (2017).
1609:United States Courts
1549:United States Courts
1510:United States portal
1483:Administration (law)
1417:$ 42.7 billion
1398:$ 51.2 billion
1379:$ 51.1 billion
1339:$ 54.9 billion
1319:$ 87.2 billion
1302:$ 96.3 billion
1282:$ 55.8 billion
1262:$ 55.5 billion
805:debtor in possession
2711:, via www.house.gov
2568:Wall Street Journal
2545:. December 12, 2002
2419:on January 22, 2014
2020:"Confirming a Plan"
1708:The Business Lawyer
1242:$ 104 billion
1222:$ 109 billion
1202:$ 101 billion
1183:$ 117 billion
1163:$ 176 billion
1144:$ 464 billion
1124:$ 904 billion
919:Executory contracts
846:If the business is
785:Chapter 11 overview
767:sole proprietorship
392:Administration (UK)
2750:United States Code
2641:. November 1, 2009
2613:The New York Times
2438:Jablonski, Donna.
2272:. October 18, 2018
1921:Cornell University
1456:$ 34 billion
1437:$ 34 billion
1359:$ 52 billion
1160:$ 103,914,000,000
1141:$ 327,913,000,000
1121:$ 639,063,000,800
1073:largest bankruptcy
668:Financial distress
541:UNCITRAL Model Law
459:Fraudulent trading
376:Unsecured creditor
241:
167:Bankruptcy trustee
2784:
2783:
2585:finance.yahoo.com
2323:. January 4, 2016
2159:978-1-5392-3368-8
2124:. October 2, 2020
2103:978-1-5392-3368-8
1801:– via SSRN.
1691:978-1-539-23380-0
1684:. p. §4:12.
1592:978-1-905121-31-1
1463:
1462:
1453:$ 22,000,000,000
1434:$ 21,801,000,000
1414:$ 25,197,000,000
1395:$ 29,770,000,000
1376:$ 30,185,000,000
1356:$ 33,333,172,000
1316:$ 33,864,000,000
1299:$ 35,892,000,000
1279:$ 39,300,000,000
1259:$ 41,000,000,000
1239:$ 61,392,000,000
1219:$ 63,392,000,000
1199:$ 71,019,200,000
1180:$ 82,300,000,000
1133:Washington Mutual
962:security interest
958:Secured creditors
736:
735:
695:Sovereign default
678:List of bankrupts
648:Creditors' rights
510:Security interest
438:Unfair preference
420:Avoidance regimes
330:Regulatory agency
223:
222:
43:Bankruptcy in the
16:(Redirected from
2809:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2716:
2715:
2686:
2685:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2631:
2625:
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2038:
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2015:
2009:
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1994:
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1991:
1989:
1975:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1953:
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1948:
1938:
1932:
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1913:
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1541:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1512:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1336:$ 7,000,000,000
1092:
1086:
1034:seating capacity
1030:airline industry
728:
721:
714:
505:Second lien loan
474:Wrongful trading
371:Secured creditor
225:
224:
215:
208:
201:
55:
39:
38:
21:
2817:
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2090:
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2073:
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2068:
2058:
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2046:
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2016:
2012:
2001:
1997:
1987:
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1978:Financial Times
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1426:Delta Air Lines
1368:Global Crossing
1090:
1084:
1077:Lehman Brothers
1069:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1018:
990:
974:
942:
921:
904:
872:
863:
861:Chapter 11 plan
825:
787:
732:
526:Chapter 15 (US)
490:Floating charge
397:Chapter 11 (US)
274:Conservatorship
219:
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35:
28:
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11:
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1995:
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1863:(1): 173–183.
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978:11 U.S.C.
976:Section 1110 (
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934:corporatocracy
920:
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407:Restructuring
405:
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384:Restructuring
383:
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45:United States
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2765:
2668:(2): 61–64.
2665:
2661:
2655:
2643:. Retrieved
2638:
2629:
2617:. Retrieved
2611:
2601:
2589:. Retrieved
2584:
2575:
2567:
2547:. Retrieved
2542:
2533:
2523:November 17,
2521:. Retrieved
2517:
2507:
2495:. Retrieved
2486:
2474:. Retrieved
2470:
2460:
2448:. Retrieved
2444:the original
2433:
2421:. Retrieved
2417:the original
2412:
2402:
2390:. Retrieved
2386:
2376:
2362:
2350:. Retrieved
2346:
2337:
2325:. Retrieved
2320:
2311:
2299:. Retrieved
2295:
2286:
2274:. Retrieved
2269:
2260:
2248:. Retrieved
2244:
2235:
2226:
2220:
2208:. Retrieved
2204:
2194:
2182:. Retrieved
2178:
2168:
2149:
2126:. Retrieved
2121:
2112:
2093:
2087:
2078:
2069:
2057:. Retrieved
2053:jonesday.com
2051:
2042:
2026:
2013:
1998:
1986:. Retrieved
1977:
1966:
1957:
1945:. Retrieved
1936:
1924:. Retrieved
1893:
1860:
1856:
1846:
1821:
1817:
1807:
1766:
1762:
1752:
1740:. Retrieved
1735:
1731:
1721:
1715:(2): 441–54.
1712:
1706:
1700:
1673:
1667:
1652:
1633:
1612:. Retrieved
1608:
1599:
1581:
1552:. Retrieved
1548:
1539:
1489:Examinership
1467:
1464:
1174:Corporation
1098:Filing date
1070:
1062:
1058:
1039:
1019:
1006:
999:
994:Subchapter V
991:
988:Subchapter V
975:
972:Section 1110
954:
943:
922:
905:
897:
893:
889:
886:
882:
873:
870:Confirmation
864:
855:
852:
845:
837:
826:
817:
813:
809:
802:
799:
788:
750:
738:
737:
682:
607:South Africa
396:
304:Receivership
284:Examinership
125:
80:U.S. Trustee
36:
2645:November 4,
2619:November 4,
2007:§ 1121
1902:§ 1107
1742:November 5,
1676:. Toronto,
1661:§ 1129
1450:2005-10-08
1431:2005-09-14
1411:2002-12-09
1392:2001-04-06
1373:2002-01-28
1353:2005-10-17
1333:1970-06-21
1313:1988-09-09
1296:1987-04-12
1276:2009-04-30
1256:2011-10-31
1236:2002-12-18
1216:2001-12-02
1196:2009-11-01
1177:2009-06-01
1157:2002-07-21
1138:2008-09-26
1118:2008-09-15
982:§ 1110
833:§ 1108
775:liquidation
763:partnership
759:corporation
612:Switzerland
464:Misfeasance
294:Liquidation
279:Dissolution
2791:Categories
2776:Chapter 13
2771:Chapter 12
2766:Chapter 11
1769:: 301–12.
1531:References
1524:Law portal
1491:in Ireland
1048:See also:
1044:Statistics
966:collateral
950:§ 507
926:US Airways
779:Chapter 13
747:bankruptcy
684:Pari passu
549:By country
335:Liquidator
259:Bankruptcy
229:Insolvency
182:Means test
141:Chapter 15
136:Chapter 13
131:Chapter 12
126:Chapter 11
18:Chapter 11
2761:Chapter 7
2570:, p. B6B.
2549:August 5,
2497:August 5,
2059:August 5,
1988:August 5,
1947:August 5,
1926:August 5,
1877:0041-9494
1838:1740-1453
1791:168341523
1783:1556-5068
1738:(4): 1487
1554:August 5,
1407:UAL Corp.
1251:MF Global
1213:Corp. #‡
1192:CIT Group
1055:Frequency
848:insolvent
791:creditors
771:Chapter 7
587:Hong Kong
562:Australia
402:Cram down
353:Claimants
312:Officials
246:Processes
162:Discharge
121:Chapter 9
116:Chapter 7
70:Authority
2746:Title 11
2703:BBC News
2591:April 7,
2387:ABC News
2352:July 14,
2327:June 22,
2321:DailyDAC
2301:June 22,
2276:June 22,
2270:DailyDAC
2250:June 22,
2245:DailyDAC
2210:June 22,
2205:DailyDAC
2184:June 22,
2179:DailyDAC
2128:June 22,
2122:DailyDAC
2031:Archived
2027:DailyDAC
1982:Archived
1472:See also
1271:Chrysler
1095:Company
1002:debtor's
940:Priority
877:cramdown
755:business
557:Anguilla
500:Mortgage
482:Security
451:Offences
361:Creditor
325:Tribunal
108:Chapters
2748:of the
2682:4470905
2639:Fortune
2476:May 19,
2450:May 19,
2423:May 19,
2392:May 19,
1885:1598964
1799:2810622
1614:June 7,
1428:, Inc.
1350:Inc. #
1293:, Inc.
1233:, Inc.
1231:Conseco
930:AFL–CIO
663:Default
597:Ireland
75:History
2701:, via
2680:
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2156:
2100:
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1900:
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1797:
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1680:, CA:
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1590:
1291:Texaco
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831:
658:Debtor
602:Russia
577:Cayman
572:Canada
2678:JSTOR
2034:(PDF)
2023:(PDF)
1881:JSTOR
1787:S2CID
1459:NY-S
1440:NY-S
1420:IL-N
1401:CA-N
1382:NY-S
1370:Ltd.
1362:NY-S
1348:Refco
1342:PA-S
1322:CA-C
1305:NY-S
1285:NY-S
1265:NY-S
1245:IL-N
1225:NY-S
1211:Enron
1205:NY-S
1186:NY-S
1166:NY-S
1127:NY-S
964:, or
630:Other
592:India
582:China
177:Claim
85:Court
2647:2020
2621:2020
2593:2020
2551:2006
2525:2005
2499:2015
2478:2012
2452:2012
2425:2012
2394:2012
2354:2020
2347:CCBJ
2329:2021
2303:2021
2278:2021
2252:2021
2212:2021
2186:2021
2154:ISBN
2130:2021
2098:ISBN
2061:2019
1990:2015
1949:2015
1928:2015
1873:ISSN
1834:ISSN
1795:SSRN
1779:ISSN
1744:2020
1736:2017
1686:ISBN
1638:ISBN
1616:2019
1588:ISBN
1556:2015
1273:LLC
1115:. #
1071:The
495:Lien
100:FRBP
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2670:doi
2518:CNN
1865:doi
1826:doi
1771:doi
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952:).
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