2139:
2092:
1979:
1314:
1441:
1277:
1227:
1121:
41:
1521:
1396:
1041:
1750:
1082:
2014:
1717:
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1567:
4639:
702:
1478:
1874:
1829:
1782:
1684:
4651:
1004:
1355:
1609:
818:. The CEC could also limit taxes. In periods between convocations of the Congress of Soviets the CEC held supreme power. In between sessions of the Congress of Soviets the CEC was responsible for all the affairs of the Congress of Soviets. The CEC and the Congress of Soviets was replaced by the Presidium and the Supreme Soviet respectively by several amendments to the 1936 Constitution in 1938.
2055:
834:
the
Presidium could form a conciliation commission. If this commission failed, the Presidium could dissolve the Supreme Soviet and order new elections. The Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, along with the first and fifteen other vice chairmen, would be elected by the deputies of the
870:
national elections for the office of
President never took place. To be elected to the office a person must have been a Soviet citizen and older than thirty-five but younger than sixty-five years. The same person could not be elected president more than twice. The Presidency was the highest state
821:
Under the 1977 Constitution, the
Supreme Soviet was the highest organ of state power and the sole organ in the country to hold legislative authority. Sessions of the Supreme Soviet were convened by the Presidium twice a year; however, special sessions could be convened on the orders of a
1912:
There have been five individuals appointed vice head of state. In 1944, Nikolai
Shvernik was the first vice head of state until 1946, the position was abolished and later re-established in 1977. At over eight years, Vasily Kuznetsov spent the longest time in office.
2205:
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2002:
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1507:
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1384:
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1343:
1339:
1302:
1066:
17:
1029:
2321:
Repeat head of state and vice heads of state are numbered only once; subsequent terms are marked with their original number italicised. Acting heads of state are not numbered. These numbers are not official.
2138:
2091:
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1978:
1313:
795:
of the Soviet Union. The chairman of these bodies personally performed the largely ceremonial functions assigned to a single head of state but was provided little real power by the constitution.
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136:
121:
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814:(CEC), whose chairman was head of state, had the power to determine what matters of income and taxation would go to the state budget and what would go to the local
3935:
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3955:
739:
152:
5055:
2406:
931:. At over twenty years, Kalinin spent the longest time in office; he died shortly after his resignation in 1946. Andropov spent the shortest time in office.
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863:
233:
147:
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3892:
421:
116:
126:
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Supreme Soviet. In practice, the
Chairman of the Presidium held little influence over policy ever since the delegation of the office's power to the
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by direct and secret ballot. However, the first and only Soviet
President, Mikhail Gorbachev, was elected by the democratically elected
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1409:
732:
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82:
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92:
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4162:
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1214:
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334:
183:
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408:
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712:
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785:
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3304:[Law: On the bodies of State Authority and Administration of the USSR in the Period of Transition] (in Russian).
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840:
773:
329:
105:
60:
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4307:
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359:
288:
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75:
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391:
87:
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1120:
5787:
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4888:
4799:
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4406:
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4352:
4167:
3843:
3792:
3675:
792:
788:
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644:
580:
403:
277:
2539:
2511:
2483:
5707:
5151:
4928:
4913:
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4587:
4443:
4428:
4342:
4244:
3826:
3646:
2534:
2506:
2478:
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1264:
988:
963:
867:
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514:
223:
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office, and was the most important office in the Soviet Union by influence and recognition, eclipsing that of
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4015:
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2020:
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1724:
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855:
823:
585:
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65:
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919:), and four held posts of party leader and head of state simultaneously (Brezhnev, Andropov, Chernenko and
600:
32:
858:
was established in 1990 and the
President would, according to the altered constitution, be elected by the
5561:
5261:
4829:
4787:
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4470:
4236:
4094:
4055:
4022:
3712:
3700:
3616:
3518:
2602:
2574:
2262:
872:
569:
529:
504:
344:
2527:
2499:
2471:
887:. The President was given broad powers, such as being responsible for negotiating the membership of the
5692:
5641:
5636:
5611:
5581:
5466:
5377:
4950:
4923:
4878:
4854:
4673:
4483:
4460:
4433:
3128:
3091:
2888:
2616:
590:
40:
2333:
A convocation in the Soviet sense of the word were elected members of
Parliament in between elections.
5671:
5616:
5576:
5531:
5526:
5506:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5471:
5456:
5451:
5436:
5426:
5393:
5226:
4960:
4860:
4816:
4525:
4498:
4401:
3207:
549:
4493:
1520:
1395:
5697:
5656:
5631:
5621:
5606:
5601:
5551:
5516:
5501:
4883:
4839:
4834:
4717:
4606:
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802:
in 1922. However, the country's first constitution was only adopted in 1924. Before that time, the
303:
298:
293:
5651:
5571:
5541:
5256:
5216:
5116:
4938:
3855:
3232:
831:
386:
218:
3132:
5236:
5231:
5006:
4696:
4535:
4127:
4065:
3291:
3053:
3022:
2957:
2371:, but was jailed following the coup's collapse and Gorbachev returned to his post as President.
5511:
5441:
5362:
5311:
5306:
5281:
5136:
5101:
4654:
3626:
3095:
2926:
2892:
2852:
2818:
2784:
2355:
3170:[The Minister of Culture of the USSR Pyotr Demichev dies] (in Russian). Peoples.ru (
2540:
The All-Russian
Congress of Soviets of Workers', Peasants', Cossacks', and Red Army Deputies
2512:
The All-Russian
Congress of Soviets of Workers', Peasants', Cossacks', and Red Army Deputies
2342:
On 15 March 1990 most constitutional powers were transferred to the newly created office of
5341:
5286:
5246:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5181:
5176:
5166:
5161:
5141:
5121:
5111:
5106:
5096:
4416:
4279:
4099:
3897:
3611:
3419:
1690:
912:
903:
Of the eleven individuals appointed head of state, three died in office of natural causes (
437:
5040:
4503:
2528:Π ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π΄Π΅ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
, ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
, ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ°ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²
2500:Π ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π΄Π΅ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
, ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
, ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ°ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²
8:
5666:
5476:
5367:
5336:
5301:
5291:
5276:
5221:
5186:
5171:
5156:
5146:
5126:
4643:
4372:
4177:
4106:
3914:
3763:
3641:
3563:
3536:
1088:
827:
706:
534:
213:
2384:
was given the power to elect a Vice President in the temporary absence of the President.
5407:
5326:
5271:
5251:
5241:
5211:
4844:
4510:
4421:
3738:
3651:
3541:
3531:
3383:
3237:
3121:
1361:
891:
with the Supreme Soviet; the Prime Minister, however, was responsible for managing the
595:
5321:
4618:
4558:
4337:
4123:
3819:
3621:
3606:
3548:
3431:
3322:
3295:
3211:
3136:
3099:
3084:
3057:
3026:
2988:
2961:
2930:
2896:
2881:
2856:
2822:
2788:
2751:
2720:
2661:
2630:
2449:
2412:
2408:
Ideology, Politics, and Government in the Soviet Union: An Introductionβ Google Knihy
2351:
1880:
1835:
1788:
1040:
920:
544:
3301:ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ "ΠΠ± ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°Ρ
Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π‘ΠΎΡΠ·Π° Π‘Π‘Π Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄"
2054:
810:
functioned as the constitution of the USSR. According to the 1918 Constitution, the
3460:
3401:
3377:
3263:
2347:
2145:
2098:
1984:
1484:
1320:
815:
463:
432:
245:
2993:[Vasili Vasilyevich Kuznetsov] (in Russian). World History on the Internet
1081:
5626:
5296:
4530:
3743:
3695:
3601:
3466:
3407:
3395:
3389:
3371:
3201:
3047:
3016:
2951:
2920:
2916:
2846:
2842:
2812:
2808:
2778:
2774:
2741:
2710:
2651:
2620:
2439:
2186:
1914:
1527:
1447:
1402:
1283:
1233:
1127:
924:
904:
880:
3175:
2575:
The Highest Organs of State Authority of The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
2526:ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π΄ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ². Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ β29 ΠΎΡ 10 ΠΈΡΠ»Ρ 1918 Π³. Β«
2498:ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π΄ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ². Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ β30 ΠΎΡ 10 ΠΈΡΠ»Ρ 1918 Π³. Β«
2470:ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π΄ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ². Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ β81 ΠΎΡ 10 ΠΈΡΠ»Ρ 1918 Π³. Β«
1749:
4550:
4478:
3758:
3748:
3454:
3425:
2682:ΠΠ΅ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π . Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ β127.1 ΠΎΡ 26 Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΡ 1990 Π³. Β«
2563:ΠΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π‘ΠΎΡΠ·Π° Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π‘ΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊ
2061:
2013:
1756:
1716:
1641:
1566:
1047:
2922:
The Kremlin's Scholar: A Memoir of Soviet Politics under Stalin and Khrushchev
2848:
The Kremlin's Scholar: A Memoir of Soviet Politics under Stalin and Khrushchev
2814:
The Kremlin's Scholar: A Memoir of Soviet Politics under Stalin and Khrushchev
2780:
The Kremlin's Scholar: A Memoir of Soviet Politics under Stalin and Khrushchev
5761:
5077:
4411:
3413:
2712:
Executive Power and Soviet Politics: The Rise and Decline of the Soviet State
1615:
908:
859:
844:
684:
559:
455:
2589:ΠΠ΅ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π . Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ β120 ΠΎΡ 7 ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ±ΡΡ 1977 Π³. Β«
4294:
4115:
3509:
3357:
3305:
3259:
1477:
892:
3290:
4157:
4119:
4111:
3733:
3717:
3631:
3573:
2747:
2716:
2657:
2561:Π‘ΡΠ΅Π·Π΄ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π‘Π‘Π‘Π . Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ β30β56 ΠΎΡ 10 ΠΈΡΠ»Ρ1918 Π³. Β«
2445:
2354:. Although the Chairman's office retained its name, it was now that of a
1010:
629:
469:
2358:, not a head of state. Real executive powers were retained by Gorbachev.
772:(between 1922 and 1938) as the highest organs of state authority in the
5740:
1. Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on geographical definition.
4147:
3267:
679:
3478:
3123:
Religion, state, and politics in the Soviet Union and successor states
1873:
1828:
1781:
1003:
5536:
4665:
4367:
4362:
4184:
4077:
3907:
3568:
1683:
1354:
450:
3049:
The Roots of Perestroika: the Soviet Breakdown in Historical Context
3018:
The Roots of Perestroika: the Soviet Breakdown in Historical Context
2953:
The Roots of Perestroika: the Soviet Breakdown in Historical Context
4357:
3902:
3636:
3596:
3171:
934:
476:
445:
18:
Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
4249:
3753:
3199:
157:
3203:
A History of Russia: Peoples, Legends, Events, Forces since 1800
1608:
3299:
2693:. Article #127.1 of 26 December 1990
879:, General Secretary. With the establishment of the Presidency
4172:
4050:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
634:
2367:
Yanayev was Acting President of the Soviet Union during the
2278:
General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1963:
First Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
5191:
5070:
4284:
4060:
3167:ΠΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π² : Π£ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π ΠΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π²
2572:. Article #30β56 of 10 July 1918
2546:
4269:
4089:
2273:
List of spouses of the heads of state of the Soviet Union
1158:
2537:. Article #29 of 10 July 1918
2509:. Article #30 of 10 July 1918
2481:. Article #81 of 10 July 1918
3352:
3081:
2878:
2350:
was elected Chairman of the Supreme Soviet to replace
5773:
Lists of political office-holders in the Soviet Union
2915:
2841:
2807:
2773:
5743:
2. Recognised by at least one United Nations member.
3233:"Gennadi I. Yanayev, 73, Soviet Coup Plotter, Dies"
3155:
Deposed on 19 August 1991; reinstated on 22 August.
3120:
3083:
2880:
5759:
5746:3. Not recognised by any United Nations members.
4358:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences
3230:
3306:Soyuz Sovietskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik
3286:
3284:
2615:
776:(USSR) between legislative sessions. Under the
3118:
2739:
2708:
2437:
915:), one held the position in a temporary role (
5056:
4681:
3494:
3338:
3045:
3014:
2949:
2680:
2649:
2587:
2559:
2524:
2496:
2468:
2405:Armstrong, John Alexander (January 1, 1978).
2380:Following the failed August Coup of 1991 the
826:. In the event of a disagreement between the
733:
3281:
3258:
3200:Evtuhov, Catherine; Stites, Richard (2004).
3077:
3075:
3073:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2919:; Austin, Anthony; Bittner, Stephen (2007).
2845:; Austin, Anthony; Bittner, Stephen (2007).
2811:; Austin, Anthony; Bittner, Stephen (2007).
2777:; Austin, Anthony; Bittner, Stephen (2007).
2300:List of presidents of the Russian Federation
808:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
5768:Lists of political office-holders in Russia
3195:
3193:
3010:
3008:
2874:
2872:
5063:
5049:
4688:
4674:
3501:
3487:
3345:
3331:
2769:
2767:
2653:The Soviet Colossus: History and Aftermath
1907:
740:
726:
3264:"Soviet Coup Leader Gennady Yanayev Dies"
3070:
2974:
2404:
883:was shared between the President and the
3190:
3005:
2869:
927:, who was inaugurated in 1922 after the
764:(between 1938 and 1989) and the earlier
5071:Heads of state and government of Europe
3508:
3224:
2764:
2570:Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Union
2329:
2327:
2268:List of governments of the Soviet Union
812:All-Russian Central Executive Committee
14:
5760:
4695:
3527:Index of Soviet Unionβrelated articles
3231:Schwirz, Michael (24 September 2010).
2242:Index of Soviet Union-related articles
5044:
4669:
3482:
3326:
2609:
2317:
2315:
2295:List of heads of government of Russia
2128:Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Soviet
1159:Heads of the Soviet Union (1922β1991)
898:
2600:. Article #120
2324:
936:Heads of the Russian Soviet Republic
877:Article 6 of the Soviet Constitution
2290:List of leaders of the Russian SFSR
2258:List of leaders of the Soviet Union
1917:spent the shortest time in office.
841:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
774:Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
24:
5778:Heads of state of the Soviet Union
2691:Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
2598:Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
2312:
2253:Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
2171:Vice President of the Soviet Union
929:Treaty on the Creation of the USSR
25:
5799:
5647:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
5317:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
4650:
4649:
4637:
2137:
2090:
2053:
2012:
1977:
1872:
1827:
1780:
1748:
1715:
1682:
1640:
1607:
1565:
1519:
1476:
1439:
1394:
1353:
1312:
1275:
1225:
1119:
1080:
1039:
1002:
754:Constitution of the Soviet Union
700:
39:
4874:Astronomers and astrophysicists
3252:
3158:
3149:
3112:
3082:Bliss Eaton, Katherine (2004).
3039:
2943:
2909:
2879:Bliss Eaton, Katherine (2004).
2835:
2801:
2733:
2702:
2674:
2535:All-Russian Congress of Soviets
2507:All-Russian Congress of Soviets
2479:All-Russian Congress of Soviets
2411:. University Press of America.
2374:
2361:
2336:
2248:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
1265:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
989:All-Russian Congress of Soviets
923:). The first head of state was
868:dissolution of the Soviet Union
5783:Government of the Soviet Union
3086:Daily Life in the Soviet Union
2883:Daily Life in the Soviet Union
2643:
2603:The Supreme Soviet of the USSR
2581:
2518:
2490:
2462:
2431:
2398:
1923:
1818:Chairman of the Supreme Soviet
1166:
945:
13:
1:
4190:Political abuse of psychiatry
3982:Congress of People's Deputies
2391:
2344:President of the Soviet Union
1862:President of the Soviet Union
1500:11 years, 189 days
864:Congress of People's Deputies
655:Political abuse of psychiatry
234:Congress of People's Deputies
5002:Metropolitans and Patriarchs
4919:Physicians and psychologists
2743:Presidential Power in Russia
2077:2 years, 105 days
2036:8 years, 254 days
1999:2 years, 113 days
1547:5 years, 147 days
1336:6 years, 361 days
1249:15 years, 13 days
1143:3 years, 275 days
800:Soviet Union was established
33:Politics of the Soviet Union
7:
4353:Academy of Medical Sciences
2990:ΠΡΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ
2263:Premier of the Soviet Union
2230:
1896:1 year, 285 days
1772:3 years, 66 days
1463:1 year, 147 days
1422:4 years, 69 days
1377:7 years, 53 days
1299:8 years, 61 days
1211:Central Executive Committee
1063:1 year, 115 days
985:Central Executive Committee
791:these bodies served as the
766:Central Executive Committee
194:Central Executive Committee
10:
5804:
4904:Linguists and philologists
3129:Cambridge University Press
3092:Greenwood Publishing Group
2889:Greenwood Publishing Group
2239:
875:and, with the deletion of
5736:
5716:
5685:
5417:
5406:
5386:
5355:
5087:
5076:
5020:
4994:
4937:
4853:
4812:
4763:
4710:
4703:
4631:
4575:
4549:
4469:
4392:
4383:
4328:
4235:
4198:
4138:
4041:
4003:
3923:
3785:
3776:
3726:
3674:
3665:
3517:
3441:
3364:
3208:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
2681:
2588:
2560:
2525:
2497:
2469:
2214:
2204:
2170:
2127:
2086:
1962:
1941:
1938:
1931:
1928:
1922:
1860:
1817:
1776:
1671:
1596:
1262:
1208:
1205:
1184:
1181:
1174:
1171:
1165:
982:
962:
959:
952:
949:
944:
866:. In connection with the
550:Material balance planning
251:1989 Legislative election
3300:
3166:
2989:
2627:Harvard University Press
2305:
793:collective head of state
365:Administrator of Affairs
5788:Lists of heads of state
5522:Holy See (Vatican City)
5192:Holy See (Vatican City)
4644:Soviet Union portal
3119:Anderson, John (1994).
3054:McFarland & Company
3023:McFarland & Company
2958:McFarland & Company
2740:Huskey, Eugene (1999).
2709:Huskey, Eugene (1992).
2438:Isham, Heyward (1995).
1908:List of vice presidents
832:Soviet of Nationalities
707:Soviet Union portal
219:Soviet of Nationalities
5462:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5132:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4771:De jure heads of state
4536:Stalinist architecture
4290:Science and technology
4200:Ideological repression
4128:Soviet Airborne Forces
4066:Destruction battalions
3292:Government of the USSR
3046:Ploss, Sidney (2010).
3015:Ploss, Sidney (2010).
2950:Ploss, Sidney (2010).
2650:Kort, Michael (2010).
895:and economic matters.
650:Ideological repression
540:Science and technology
4318:List of metro systems
3871:Collective leadership
2927:Yale University Press
2853:Yale University Press
2819:Yale University Press
2785:Yale University Press
2696:President of the USSR
2356:parliamentary speaker
2240:Further information:
83:Collective leadership
5686:Partially recognised
5356:Partially recognised
4894:Electrical engineers
4280:Net material product
4223:Censorship of images
4140:Political repression
4100:Soviet Border Troops
4033:First Deputy Premier
3617:1965 economic reform
3612:Soviet space program
3298:(5 September 1991).
3262:(10 February 2011).
2591:ΠΠ΅ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π
2236:Soviet Union-related
1691:Konstantin Chernenko
913:Konstantin Chernenko
889:Cabinet of Ministers
789:Soviet Constitutions
660:Political repression
625:Censorship of images
355:First Deputy Premier
93:Presidential Council
5717:Unrecognised states
5387:Unrecognised states
4869:Aerospace engineers
4755:Prosecutors general
4348:Academy of Sciences
4163:Population transfer
4107:Soviet Armed Forces
3970:Congress of Soviets
3951:Presidium/Politburo
3915:Soviet anti-Zionism
3764:West Siberian Plain
3642:Revolutions of 1989
3579:Great Patriotic War
3564:New Economic Policy
3442:Vice heads of state
2622:Stalin: A Biography
2369:August Coup of 1991
1215:Congress of Soviets
1089:Mikhail Vladimirsky
828:Soviet of the Union
770:Congress of Soviets
675:Suppressed research
665:Population transfer
535:New Economic Policy
214:Soviet of the Union
184:Congress of Soviets
5622:Russian Federation
5292:Russian Federation
5011:until 15th century
4723:Republican leaders
4697:People from Russia
3993:Military Collegium
3861:Capital punishment
3739:Caucasus Mountains
3652:Post-Soviet states
3532:Russian Revolution
3296:Gorbachev, Mikhail
3238:The New York Times
1362:Kliment Voroshilov
899:List of presidents
409:Procurator General
397:Military Collegium
5753:
5752:
5732:
5731:
5418:UN members
5402:
5401:
5088:UN members
5038:
5037:
4995:Religious leaders
4808:
4807:
4800:Foreign ministers
4776:and their spouses
4750:Foreign ministers
4704:Political leaders
4663:
4662:
4627:
4626:
4619:Hammer and sickle
4561:and their groups
4559:Soviet dissidents
4338:Communist Academy
4255:Economic planning
4231:
4230:
4124:Soviet Air Forces
4043:Security services
3963:General Secretary
3946:Central Committee
3888:Political parties
3820:Brezhnev Doctrine
3815:Foreign relations
3772:
3771:
3713:Autonomous okrugs
3627:SovietβAfghan War
3607:Sino-Soviet split
3549:Russian Civil War
3476:
3475:
3217:978-0-395-66073-7
3174:). Archived from
3142:978-0-521-46784-1
3105:978-0-313-31628-9
3063:978-0-7864-4486-1
3032:978-0-7864-4486-1
2967:978-0-7864-4486-1
2936:978-0-300-09206-6
2902:978-0-313-31628-9
2862:978-0-300-09206-6
2828:978-0-300-09206-6
2794:978-0-300-09206-6
2757:978-1-56324-536-7
2726:978-1-56324-059-1
2667:978-0-7656-2387-4
2636:978-0-674-01697-2
2455:978-1-56324-436-0
2352:Mikhail Gorbachev
2228:
2227:
2221:26 December 1991
2215:Office abolished
2196:27 December 1990
1905:
1904:
1893:25 December 1991
1881:Mikhail Gorbachev
1836:Mikhail Gorbachev
1789:Mikhail Gorbachev
1588:10 November 1982
1544:10 November 1982
1243:30 December 1922
1156:
1155:
1140:30 December 1922
1057:21 November 1917
1023:21 November 1917
921:Mikhail Gorbachev
837:General Secretary
804:1918 Constitution
750:
749:
692:
691:
545:Era of Stagnation
487:
486:
372:
371:
260:
259:
166:
165:
137:General Secretary
122:Central Committee
16:(Redirected from
5795:
5415:
5414:
5085:
5084:
5065:
5058:
5051:
5042:
5041:
4889:Earth scientists
4813:Military figures
4783:De facto leaders
4708:
4707:
4690:
4683:
4676:
4667:
4666:
4653:
4652:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4390:
4389:
4298:
4153:Collectivization
3898:MarxismβLeninism
3783:
3782:
3672:
3671:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3480:
3479:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3324:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3288:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3197:
3188:
3187:
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3156:
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3147:
3146:
3126:
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3110:
3109:
3089:
3079:
3068:
3067:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3012:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2985:
2972:
2971:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2917:Shepilov, Dmitri
2913:
2907:
2906:
2886:
2876:
2867:
2866:
2843:Shepilov, Dmitri
2839:
2833:
2832:
2809:Shepilov, Dmitri
2805:
2799:
2798:
2775:Shepilov, Dmitri
2771:
2762:
2761:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2706:
2700:
2688:
2687:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2647:
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2640:
2613:
2607:
2595:
2594:
2585:
2579:
2567:
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2557:
2544:
2532:
2531:
2522:
2516:
2504:
2503:
2494:
2488:
2476:
2475:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2402:
2385:
2378:
2372:
2365:
2359:
2348:Anatoly Lukyanov
2340:
2334:
2331:
2322:
2319:
2206:12th Convocation
2193:
2175:
2165:12th Convocation
2152:
2146:Anatoly Lukyanov
2141:
2132:
2122:12th Convocation
2105:
2099:Anatoly Lukyanov
2094:
2081:11th Convocation
2068:
2057:
2044:11th Convocation
2027:
2021:Vasily Kuznetsov
2016:
1990:
1985:Nikolai Shvernik
1981:
1969:
1936:
1925:
1920:
1919:
1900:12th Convocation
1887:
1876:
1867:
1855:12th Convocation
1842:
1831:
1822:
1812:12th Convocation
1795:
1784:
1763:
1752:
1731:
1725:Vasily Kuznetsov
1719:
1697:
1686:
1673:11th Convocation
1663:9 February 1984
1660:
1650:Vasily Kuznetsov
1644:
1628:9 February 1984
1622:
1611:
1598:10th Convocation
1585:
1575:Vasily Kuznetsov
1569:
1555:10th Convocation
1538:
1523:
1516:
1494:9 December 1965
1491:
1485:Nikolai Podgorny
1480:
1460:9 December 1965
1454:
1443:
1413:
1398:
1368:
1357:
1327:
1321:Nikolai Shvernik
1316:
1293:17 January 1938
1290:
1279:
1270:
1263:Chairmen of the
1246:12 January 1938
1240:
1229:
1220:
1209:Chairman of the
1179:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1134:
1123:
1099:
1084:
1060:16 March 1919 β
1054:
1043:
1020:9 November 1917
1017:
1006:
994:
983:Chairmen of the
957:
947:
942:
941:
742:
735:
728:
705:
704:
703:
640:Collectivization
500:
499:
464:De-Stalinization
438:MarxismβLeninism
433:Soviet democracy
427:
426:
330:State Committees
273:
272:
179:
178:
111:
110:
43:
29:
28:
21:
5803:
5802:
5798:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5793:
5792:
5758:
5757:
5754:
5749:
5728:
5712:
5703:Northern Cyprus
5681:
5597:North Macedonia
5419:
5409:
5398:
5382:
5373:Northern Cyprus
5351:
5267:North Macedonia
5089:
5079:
5072:
5069:
5039:
5034:
5016:
4990:
4933:
4929:Weaponry makers
4914:Naval engineers
4858:
4849:
4830:Soviet marshals
4814:
4804:
4759:
4740:Prime ministers
4699:
4694:
4664:
4659:
4638:
4636:
4623:
4571:
4545:
4465:
4379:
4324:
4296:
4270:Internet domain
4265:Five-year plans
4227:
4194:
4134:
4037:
3999:
3931:Communist Party
3919:
3878:Passport system
3768:
3744:European Russia
3722:
3661:
3602:Khrushchev Thaw
3581:(World War II)
3559:Creation treaty
3513:
3507:
3477:
3472:
3437:
3360:
3351:
3321:
3320:
3310:
3308:
3302:
3289:
3282:
3272:
3270:
3257:
3253:
3243:
3241:
3229:
3225:
3218:
3210:. p. 474.
3198:
3191:
3181:
3179:
3178:on 16 July 2011
3168:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3150:
3143:
3117:
3113:
3106:
3080:
3071:
3064:
3056:. p. 217.
3044:
3040:
3033:
3025:. p. 216.
3013:
3006:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2975:
2968:
2960:. p. 218.
2948:
2944:
2937:
2929:. p. 404.
2914:
2910:
2903:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2855:. p. 406.
2840:
2836:
2829:
2821:. p. 441.
2806:
2802:
2795:
2787:. p. 413.
2772:
2765:
2758:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2707:
2703:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2660:. p. 394.
2648:
2644:
2637:
2629:. p. 363.
2617:Service, Robert
2614:
2610:
2586:
2582:
2558:
2547:
2523:
2519:
2495:
2491:
2472:ΠΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎ
2467:
2463:
2456:
2448:. p. 218.
2441:Remaking Russia
2436:
2432:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2388:
2379:
2375:
2366:
2362:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2325:
2320:
2313:
2308:
2244:
2233:
2218:21 August 1991
2199:21 August 1991
2191:
2190:
2187:Gennady Yanayev
2173:
2172:
2150:
2149:
2130:
2129:
2108:1 October 1988
2103:
2102:
2074:1 October 1988
2066:
2065:
2030:7 October 1977
2025:
2024:
2003:1st Convocation
1988:
1987:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1947:
1945:
1934:
1933:
1926:
1915:Gennady Yanayev
1910:
1885:
1884:
1865:
1864:
1840:
1839:
1820:
1819:
1798:1 October 1988
1793:
1792:
1769:1 October 1988
1761:
1760:
1729:
1728:
1695:
1694:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1620:
1619:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1532:
1531:
1528:Leonid Brezhnev
1514:
1508:9th Convocation
1489:
1488:
1467:6th Convocation
1452:
1451:
1448:Anastas Mikoyan
1430:6th Convocation
1407:
1406:
1403:Leonid Brezhnev
1385:5th Convocation
1366:
1365:
1344:3rd Convocation
1325:
1324:
1303:1st Convocation
1288:
1287:
1284:Mikhail Kalinin
1268:
1267:
1257:8th Convocation
1238:
1237:
1234:Mikhail Kalinin
1218:
1217:
1190:
1188:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1161:
1132:
1131:
1128:Mikhail Kalinin
1095:
1093:
1092:
1052:
1051:
1015:
1014:
992:
991:
966:
955:
954:
940:
925:Mikhail Kalinin
905:Leonid Brezhnev
901:
881:executive power
756:recognised the
746:
717:
713:Other countries
701:
699:
694:
693:
605:
497:
489:
488:
460:
424:
414:
413:
382:
374:
373:
308:
270:
262:
261:
176:
168:
167:
162:
108:
106:Communist Party
98:
97:
56:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5801:
5791:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5747:
5744:
5741:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5726:
5720:
5718:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5689:
5687:
5683:
5682:
5680:
5679:
5677:United Kingdom
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5482:Czech Republic
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5423:
5421:
5412:
5404:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5390:
5388:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5359:
5357:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5347:United Kingdom
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5152:Czech Republic
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5093:
5091:
5082:
5074:
5073:
5068:
5067:
5060:
5053:
5045:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5032:
5026:
5024:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5004:
4998:
4996:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4956:Ballet dancers
4953:
4947:
4945:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4909:Mathematicians
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4865:
4863:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4825:Field marshals
4821:
4819:
4810:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4797:
4796:
4795:
4785:
4780:
4779:
4778:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4730:
4720:
4714:
4712:
4705:
4701:
4700:
4693:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4670:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4647:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4621:
4616:
4615:
4614:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4579:
4577:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4555:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4507:
4506:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4475:
4473:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4404:
4399:
4393:
4387:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4375:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4334:
4332:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4315:
4313:Rail transport
4310:
4308:Railway system
4300:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4241:
4239:
4233:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4204:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4144:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4087:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4058:
4053:
4047:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4028:Deputy Premier
4025:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4011:Heads of state
4007:
4005:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3985:
3979:
3976:Supreme Soviet
3973:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3943:
3938:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3893:State ideology
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3829:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3812:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3789:
3787:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3761:
3759:Ural Mountains
3756:
3751:
3749:North Caucasus
3746:
3741:
3736:
3730:
3728:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3698:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3680:
3678:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3529:
3523:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3506:
3505:
3498:
3491:
3483:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3464:
3458:
3452:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3429:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3399:
3393:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3368:
3366:
3365:Heads of state
3362:
3361:
3354:Heads of state
3350:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3327:
3319:
3318:
3280:
3251:
3223:
3216:
3189:
3157:
3148:
3141:
3111:
3104:
3069:
3062:
3038:
3031:
3004:
2973:
2966:
2942:
2935:
2908:
2901:
2868:
2861:
2834:
2827:
2800:
2793:
2763:
2756:
2750:. p. 16.
2732:
2725:
2719:. p. 90.
2701:
2684:ΠΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π
2673:
2666:
2642:
2635:
2608:
2580:
2545:
2517:
2489:
2461:
2454:
2430:
2417:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2373:
2360:
2335:
2323:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2284:Russia-related
2281:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2224:127 days
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2202:237 days
2200:
2197:
2194:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2161:294 days
2159:
2158:15 March 1990
2156:
2153:
2142:
2134:
2133:
2125:
2124:
2115:
2114:236 days
2112:
2109:
2106:
2095:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2062:Pyotr Demichev
2058:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2017:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1982:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1943:Supreme Soviet
1940:
1937:
1930:
1927:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1890:15 March 1990
1888:
1877:
1869:
1868:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1851:294 days
1849:
1848:15 March 1990
1846:
1843:
1832:
1824:
1823:
1815:
1814:
1805:
1804:236 days
1802:
1799:
1796:
1785:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1757:Andrei Gromyko
1753:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1740:139 days
1738:
1735:
1734:10 March 1985
1732:
1721:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1706:333 days
1704:
1703:10 March 1985
1701:
1700:11 April 1984
1698:
1687:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1667:
1666:11 April 1984
1664:
1661:
1646:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1631:238 days
1629:
1626:
1623:
1612:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1594:218 days
1592:
1589:
1586:
1571:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1524:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1481:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1444:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1399:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1371:15 March 1953
1369:
1358:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1337:
1334:
1333:15 March 1953
1331:
1330:19 March 1946
1328:
1317:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1297:
1296:19 March 1946
1294:
1291:
1280:
1272:
1271:
1260:
1259:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1230:
1222:
1221:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1186:Supreme Soviet
1183:
1180:
1173:
1170:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1137:30 March 1919
1135:
1124:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1105:30 March 1919
1103:
1102:16 March 1919
1100:
1085:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1048:Yakov Sverdlov
1044:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1007:
1000:
996:
995:
980:
979:
976:
973:
969:
968:
961:
958:
951:
948:
939:
933:
900:
897:
885:Prime Minister
843:(CPSU) during
824:Union Republic
762:Supreme Soviet
748:
747:
745:
744:
737:
730:
722:
719:
718:
716:
715:
709:
696:
695:
690:
689:
688:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
614:
613:
607:
606:
604:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
577:
574:
573:
565:
564:
563:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
530:Kosygin reform
527:
525:Five-Year Plan
522:
520:Consumer goods
517:
509:
508:
498:
495:
494:
491:
490:
485:
484:
483:
482:
481:
480:
466:
461:
459:
458:
453:
448:
442:
440:
435:
425:
420:
419:
416:
415:
412:
411:
406:
404:People's Court
401:
400:
399:
389:
383:
380:
379:
376:
375:
370:
369:
368:
367:
362:
360:Deputy Premier
357:
349:
348:
340:
339:
338:
337:
332:
327:
319:
318:
310:
309:
307:
306:
301:
296:
291:
289:Official names
285:
282:
281:
271:
268:
267:
264:
263:
258:
257:
256:
255:
254:
253:
248:
238:
237:
229:
228:
227:
226:
221:
216:
208:
207:
204:Supreme Soviet
199:
198:
197:
196:
188:
187:
177:
174:
173:
170:
169:
164:
163:
161:
160:
155:
150:
144:
141:
140:
132:
131:
130:
129:
124:
119:
109:
104:
103:
100:
99:
96:
95:
90:
85:
80:
79:
78:
76:Vice President
73:
63:
57:
54:
53:
50:
49:
45:
44:
36:
35:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5800:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5765:
5763:
5756:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5735:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5715:
5709:
5708:South Ossetia
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5684:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5557:Liechtenstein
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5420:and observers
5416:
5413:
5411:
5405:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5379:
5378:South Ossetia
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5354:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5227:Liechtenstein
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5090:and observers
5086:
5083:
5081:
5075:
5066:
5061:
5059:
5054:
5052:
5047:
5046:
5043:
5031:
5030:Chess players
5028:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5019:
5012:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4993:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4966:Opera singers
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4899:IT developers
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4856:
4852:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4811:
4801:
4798:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4772:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4762:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4745:
4741:
4738:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4691:
4686:
4684:
4679:
4677:
4672:
4671:
4668:
4656:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4634:
4633:
4630:
4620:
4617:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4608:
4605:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4516:Printed media
4514:
4512:
4509:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4450:
4449:Cyrillisation
4447:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4417:Working class
4415:
4413:
4412:Soviet people
4410:
4409:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4260:Energy policy
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4238:
4234:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4197:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4071:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4002:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3988:Supreme Court
3986:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3964:
3961:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3906:
3904:
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2033:18 June 1986
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2018:
2015:
2011:
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1996:25 June 1946
1995:
1993:4 March 1944
1992:
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1983:
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1961:
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1944:
1935:(BirthβDeath)
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1624:
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1616:Yuri Andropov
1613:
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1591:16 June 1983
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1187:
1178:(BirthβDeath)
1164:
1152:
1151:10th Congress
1148:
1145:
1142:
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1136:
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1129:
1125:
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965:
956:(BirthβDeath)
943:
937:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
917:Charles Haman
914:
910:
909:Yuri Andropov
906:
896:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
869:
865:
861:
860:Soviet people
857:
852:
850:
846:
845:Joseph Stalin
842:
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833:
829:
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819:
817:
813:
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805:
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768:(CEC) of the
767:
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724:
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685:Soviet Empire
683:
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560:War communism
558:
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457:
456:Khrushchevism
454:
452:
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439:
436:
434:
431:
430:
429:
428:
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392:Supreme Court
390:
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366:
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159:
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139:
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134:
133:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
114:
113:
112:
107:
102:
101:
94:
91:
89:
88:State Council
86:
84:
81:
77:
74:
72:
69:
68:
67:
64:
62:
59:
58:
52:
51:
47:
46:
42:
38:
37:
34:
31:
30:
27:
19:
5755:
5724:Transnistria
5394:Transnistria
5022:Sportspeople
4976:Philosophers
4793:1st deputies
4770:
4744:1st deputies
4733:1991βpresent
4635:
4407:Demographics
4397:Antisemitism
4250:Central Bank
4168:Forced labor
4116:Spetsnaz GRU
4010:
3936:organisation
3844:Human rights
3793:Constitution
3676:Subdivisions
3554:Russian SFSR
3510:Soviet Union
3358:Soviet Union
3353:
3309:. Retrieved
3271:. Retrieved
3260:Staff writer
3254:
3242:. Retrieved
3236:
3226:
3202:
3180:. Retrieved
3176:the original
3160:
3151:
3122:
3114:
3085:
3048:
3041:
3017:
2995:. Retrieved
2952:
2945:
2921:
2911:
2882:
2847:
2837:
2813:
2803:
2779:
2742:
2735:
2711:
2704:
2694:
2676:
2652:
2645:
2621:
2611:
2601:
2583:
2573:
2538:
2520:
2510:
2492:
2482:
2464:
2440:
2433:
2422:. Retrieved
2407:
2400:
2376:
2363:
2338:
2185:
2155:25 May 1989
2144:
2111:25 May 1989
2097:
2060:
2019:
1955:Left office
1952:Took office
1946:Convocations
1911:
1879:
1845:25 May 1989
1834:
1801:25 May 1989
1787:
1755:
1723:
1714:
1689:
1657:
1648:
1639:
1614:
1582:
1573:
1564:
1526:
1483:
1446:
1401:
1360:
1319:
1282:
1232:
1198:Left office
1195:Took office
1189:Convocations
1126:
1096:
1087:
1071:6th Congress
1046:
1030:2nd Congress
1009:
975:Left office
972:Took office
902:
893:nomenklatura
853:
820:
797:
751:
645:Human rights
635:Gulag system
610:
581:Demographics
568:
503:
475:
468:
343:
313:
278:Constitution
276:
232:
202:
182:
135:
70:
26:
5662:Switzerland
5592:Netherlands
5332:Switzerland
5262:Netherlands
4981:Playwrights
4857:, engineers
4511:Phraseology
4456:Prohibition
4444:Linguistics
4429:Drug policy
4422:1989 census
4343:Cybernetics
4245:Agriculture
4158:Great Purge
4120:Soviet Navy
4112:Soviet Army
3984:(1989β1991)
3978:(1938β1991)
3972:(1922β1936)
3956:Secretariat
3827:Gun control
3734:Caspian Sea
3718:Closed city
3647:Dissolution
3632:Perestroika
3574:Great Purge
3469:(1990β1991)
3463:(1988β1990)
3457:(1986β1988)
3451:(1977β1986)
3434:(1988β1991)
3428:(1985β1988)
3422:(1984β1985)
3416:(1983β1984)
3410:(1977β1982)
3404:(1965β1977)
3398:(1964β1965)
3392:(1960β1964)
3386:(1953β1960)
3380:(1946β1953)
3374:(1922β1946)
3311:13 February
2748:M.E. Sharpe
2717:M.E. Sharpe
2658:M.E. Sharpe
2446:M.E. Sharpe
2192:(1937β2010)
2174:(1990β1991)
2151:(1930β2019)
2131:(1989β1990)
2104:(1930β2019)
2067:(1917β2010)
2026:(1901β1990)
1989:(1888β1970)
1968:(1977β1989)
1966:(1944β1946)
1886:(1931β2022)
1866:(1990β1991)
1841:(1931β2022)
1821:(1989β1990)
1794:(1931β2022)
1762:(1909β1989)
1730:(1901β1990)
1696:(1911β1985)
1655:(1901β1990)
1621:(1914β1984)
1580:(1901β1990)
1490:(1903β1983)
1453:(1895β1978)
1416:7 May 1960
1374:7 May 1960
1367:(1881β1969)
1326:(1888β1970)
1289:(1875β1946)
1269:(1938β1989)
1239:(1875β1946)
1219:(1922β1938)
1133:(1875β1946)
1094:(1874β1951)
1053:(1885β1919)
1016:(1883β1936)
1011:Lev Kamenev
993:(1917β1922)
938:(1917β1922)
630:Great Purge
596:Phraseology
515:Agriculture
470:Perestroika
345:Premiership
175:Legislature
153:Secretariat
5762:Categories
5627:San Marino
5587:Montenegro
5567:Luxembourg
5547:Kazakhstan
5447:Azerbaijan
5410:government
5297:San Marino
5257:Montenegro
5237:Luxembourg
5217:Kazakhstan
5117:Azerbaijan
4951:Architects
4924:Physicists
4879:Biologists
4855:Scientists
4845:Cosmonauts
4551:Opposition
4541:Television
4521:Propaganda
4494:Literature
4368:Naukograds
4363:Sharashkas
4297:(currency)
4275:Inventions
4218:Censorship
4148:Red Terror
3832:Government
3706:Autonomous
3689:Autonomous
3622:Stagnation
3585:Evacuation
3384:Voroshilov
3273:8 December
3268:BBC Online
3244:8 December
3182:8 December
3131:. p.
3094:. p.
2997:7 December
2891:. p.
2484:The Budget
2424:2016-11-26
2392:References
856:Presidency
680:Red Terror
670:Propaganda
620:Censorship
611:Repression
325:Ministries
315:Government
269:Governance
55:Leadership
5562:Lithuania
5232:Lithuania
4971:Novelists
4961:Composers
4861:inventors
4817:explorers
4728:1917β1991
4612:Republics
4600:Republics
4588:Republics
4439:Languages
4303:Transport
4185:Holodomor
4078:Militsiya
4016:President
3908:Stalinism
3810:Elections
3684:Republics
3667:Geography
3657:Nostalgia
3569:Stalinism
3449:Kuznetsov
3432:Gorbachev
3420:Chernenko
1958:Duration
1929:Portrait
1201:Duration
1172:Portrait
978:Duration
967:Meetings
950:Portrait
758:Presidium
586:Education
555:Transport
451:Stalinism
381:Judiciary
224:Presidium
148:Politburo
66:President
5693:Abkhazia
5642:Slovenia
5637:Slovakia
5612:Portugal
5467:Bulgaria
5408:Heads of
5363:Abkhazia
5312:Slovenia
5307:Slovakia
5282:Portugal
5137:Bulgaria
5080:of state
4884:Chemists
4840:Aviators
4835:Admirals
4788:Premiers
4718:Monarchs
4655:Category
4208:Religion
4095:Chairmen
3941:Congress
3903:Leninism
3883:Propiska
3778:Politics
3637:Glasnost
3597:Cold War
3537:February
3461:Lukyanov
3455:Demichev
3414:Andropov
3408:Brezhnev
3402:Podgorny
3390:Brezhnev
3378:Shvernik
3172:Lenta.Ru
2619:(2005).
2231:See also
964:Congress
830:and the
601:Religion
477:Glasnost
446:Leninism
422:Ideology
335:Cabinets
117:Congress
5672:Ukraine
5617:Romania
5577:Moldova
5537:Ireland
5532:Iceland
5527:Hungary
5512:Germany
5507:Georgia
5497:Finland
5492:Estonia
5487:Denmark
5472:Croatia
5457:Belgium
5452:Belarus
5442:Austria
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