455:
209:
304:
422:
312:
440:
320:
22:
139:
1170:
782:
Rigid braces that support the head and chest are also prescribed. Examples include the Sterno-Occipital
Mandibular Immobilization Device (SOMI), Lerman Minerva and Yale types. Special patients, such as very young children or non-cooperative adults, are sometimes still immobilized in medical plaster
220:
Although high energy trauma is often associated with cervical fractures in the younger population, low energy trauma is more common in the geriatric population. In a study from Norway the most common cause was falls and the relative incidence of CS-fx increased significantly with age.
815:
may be done to relieve pressure on the spinal cord. The discs are cushions between the vertebrae. After the disc is removed, the vertebrae may be fused together to provide stability. Metal plates, screws, or wires may be needed to hold vertebrae or pieces in place.
802:
is the most rigid cervical brace, used when limiting motion to the minimum that is essential, especially with unstable cervical fractures. It can provide stability and support during the time (typically 8–12 weeks) needed for the cervical bones to heal.
294:
in the noose is placed to the left of the condemned, so that at the end of the drop, the head is jolted sharply upwards and to the right. The force breaks the neck, causing an immediate loss of consciousness and death within a few minutes.
390:, UK guidelines are largely similar as in children. US guidelines, on the other hand, recommend CT in all cases where medical imaging is indicated, and that X-ray is only acceptable where CT is not readily available.
216:
Considerable force is needed to cause a cervical fracture. Vehicle collisions and falls are common causes. A severe, sudden twist to the neck or a severe blow to the head or neck area can cause a cervical fracture.
1377:
1362:
707:
Complete immobilization of the head and neck should be done as early as possible and before moving the patient. Immobilization should remain in place until movement of the head and neck is proven safe.
541:
is appropriate, a score of 5 or more indicates that surgery is needed, and a score of 4 is equivocal. The score is the sum from 3 different categories: morphology, discs and ligaments, and neurology:
811:
Surgery may be needed to stabilize the neck and relieve pressure on the spinal cord. A variety of surgeries are available depending on the injury. Surgery to remove a damaged
454:
1251:
Aciduman A, Belen D (December 2018). "An Early
Description of Using Oral Route for the Management of Cervical Vertebra Fracture by Ibn al-Quff in the Thirteenth Century".
929:"Canadian C-spine rule and the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) for detecting clinically important cervical spine injury following blunt trauma"
759:
without need for traction or surgery. A soft collar is fairly flexible and is the least limiting but can carry a high risk of further neck damage in patients with
1030:
990:
192:. Examples of common causes in humans are traffic collisions and diving into shallow water. Abnormal movement of neck bones or pieces of bone can cause a
928:
200:, or usually death soon thereafter (~1 min.), primarily via compromising neurological supply to the respiratory muscles and innervation to the heart.
1050:
383:
is preferable in milder cases, by both US and UK guidelines. Swedish guidelines recommend CT rather than X-ray in all children over the age of 5.
252:
an opponent in football or rugby, for instance, can cause a broken neck. Cervical fractures may also be seen in some non-contact sports, such as
774:, Malibu, Miami J, and Philadelphia collars. All these can be used with additional chest and head extension pieces to increase stability.
407:, a cervical fracture may be directly visualized. In addition, indirect signs of injury by the vertebral column are incongruities of the
283:
Certain penetrating neck injuries can also cause cervical fracture which can also cause internal bleeding among other complications.
1298:
Van Waes OJ, Cheriex KC, Navsaria PH, van Riet PA, Nicol AJ, Vermeulen J (January 2012). "Management of penetrating neck injuries".
716:. The only exceptions are when there is imminent danger from an external cause, such as becoming trapped in a burning building.
86:
58:
421:
1570:
1475:
65:
741:
will be given to build strength in the muscles of the neck to increase stability and better protect the cervical spine.
1963:
439:
39:
1218:
233:
105:
766:
A range of manufactured rigid collars are also used, usually comprising a firm plastic bi-valved shell secured with
2088:
72:
1719:
1638:
568:
43:
54:
734:
is a better option. Patients with cervical fractures will likely be prescribed medication for pain control.
249:
1724:
347:
333:
1613:
1488:
629:
307:
Sagittal reconstruction of a CT scan showing a cervical fracture with dislocation at the level of C6/7
2098:
1948:
1714:
1618:
1565:
597:
507:
878:"The epidemiology of traumatic cervical spine fractures: a prospective population study from Norway"
841:
747:, traction and surgery can be used to immobilize and stabilize the neck after a cervical fracture.
427:
404:
380:
351:
208:
2093:
1794:
1779:
1468:
763:. It can be used for minor injuries or after healing has allowed the neck to become more stable.
538:
32:
1764:
1608:
1545:
795:
79:
1421:
1204:
1972:
1907:
1828:
1623:
1200:
851:
784:
502:
359:
828:(d. 1286 CE) described a treatment of cervical fractures through the oral route in his book
1977:
1943:
1789:
846:
343:
229:
710:
In the presence of severe head trauma, cervical fracture must be presumed until ruled out.
224:
Sports that involve violent physical contact carry a risk of cervical fracture, including
8:
1833:
1784:
1774:
1628:
1555:
1522:
1512:
1507:
1381:
812:
608:
1234:
991:"Evaluation and acute management of cervical spine injuries in children and adolescents"
2062:
2052:
1982:
1748:
1633:
1461:
1333:
1276:
1147:
1120:
1093:
1068:
974:
904:
877:
856:
713:
673:
511:
490:
412:
303:
193:
185:
164:
156:
1386:
1121:"Normal thickness and appearance of the prevertebral soft tissues on multidetector CT"
1953:
1902:
1861:
1818:
1769:
1686:
1681:
1673:
1502:
1392:
1337:
1325:
1268:
1214:
1152:
1098:
961:
909:
799:
533:
The indication to surgically stabilize a cervical fracture can be estimated from the
291:
225:
151:
1432:
1280:
2011:
2001:
1934:
1924:
1917:
1823:
1734:
1705:
1663:
1550:
1441:
1315:
1307:
1260:
1211:
Adult and
Pediatric Spine Trauma, An Issue of Neurosurgery Clinics of North America
1142:
1132:
1088:
1080:
969:
951:
943:
899:
889:
738:
379:
of the neck is indicated in more severe cases such as neurologic deficits, whereas
1119:
Rojas CA, Vermess D, Bertozzi JC, Whitlow J, Guidi C, Martinez CR (January 2009).
2042:
1897:
1892:
1866:
1853:
1760:
1603:
1585:
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1527:
1453:
756:
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with upper limits of the thickness of the prevertebral space at different levels.
431:
408:
355:
339:
277:
2057:
2047:
1912:
1883:
1838:
1598:
1560:
1264:
578:
497:
261:
241:
1397:
1084:
1051:"Evaluation and acute management of cervical spinal column injuries in adults"
947:
927:
Saragiotto BT, Maher CG, Lin CW, Verhagen AP, Goergen S, Michaleff ZA (2018).
2082:
2034:
1992:
1843:
1810:
1753:
1743:
1517:
1484:
1175:
965:
518:
311:
273:
1371:
894:
770:
straps and removable padded liners. The most frequently prescribed are the
2020:
1696:
1658:
1329:
1272:
1156:
1102:
913:
771:
760:
479:
There are proper names for several types of cervical fractures, including:
269:
160:
1069:"MDCT of acute subaxial cervical spine trauma: a mechanism-based approach"
1416:
1011:
825:
731:
212:
Execution by hanging is intended to cause death from a cervical fracture.
1354:
956:
2067:
1537:
1208:
1137:
662:
253:
237:
1320:
1427:
1311:
798:
can be applied by free weights on a pulley or a halo type brace. The
727:
319:
245:
197:
1235:
Shantanu S Kulkarni, DO and Robert H Meier III, "Spinal
Orthotics",
882:
Scandinavian
Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine
362:
and the
National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS).
21:
181:
876:
Fredø HL, Rizvi SA, Lied B, Rønning P, Helseth E (December 2012).
723:
460:
445:
400:
376:
287:
265:
730:, are contraindicated because they interfere with bone healing.
146:
A fracture of the base of the dens (a part of C2) as seen on CT.
1366:
1297:
767:
719:
521:
has developed a descriptive system for cervical fractures, the
257:
523:
AOSpine subaxial cervical spine fracture classification system
138:
1048:
712:
Immobilization is imperative to minimize or prevent further
537:(SLIC). In this system, a score of 3 or less indicates that
1118:
189:
926:
596:
Rotation / translation (facet joint dislocation, unstable
1650:
1066:
1016:
National
Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)
640:
Disrupted (widened disc space, facet perch, dislocation)
1067:
Raniga SB, Menon V, Al
Muzahmi KS, Butt S (June 2014).
875:
693:
Continuous cord compression with neurological deficit
1344:
290:
is intended to cause a fatal cervical fracture. The
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1483:
920:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1062:
1060:
2080:
1209:Douglas L. Brockmeyer, Andrew T. Dailey (2016).
988:
982:
588:Distraction (facet joint perch, hyperextension)
510:– a fracture of the anteroinferior aspect of a
1189:
1057:
1012:"Head injury: assessment and early management"
1469:
1250:
1049:Amy Kaji, Robert S Hockberger (2018-05-24).
365:
1114:
1112:
1476:
1462:
1213:. Vol. 28. Elsevier Health Sciences.
755:Minor fractures can be immobilized with a
137:
1319:
1146:
1136:
1092:
973:
955:
903:
893:
624:Indeterminate (isolated widening between
394:
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
1125:AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology
1109:
832:(Book of Basics in the Art of Surgery).
318:
310:
302:
207:
936:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
327:
323:Teardrop fracture of C3 (lateral X ray)
2081:
1006:
1004:
1457:
720:Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
528:
315:Teardrop fracture of C3 (sagittal CT)
1571:Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture
448:of normal congruous vertebral lines.
411:, and/or increased thickness of the
44:adding citations to reliable sources
15:
1001:
685:(risk of worsening without surgery)
13:
1964:Combined tibia and fibula fracture
830:Kitab al-ʿUmda fı Ṣinaʿa al-Jiraḥa
750:
196:, resulting in loss of sensation,
14:
2110:
1291:
468:
354:to determine which patients need
453:
438:
420:
20:
1244:
1227:
777:
31:needs additional citations for
1639:Vertebral compression fracture
1300:The British Journal of Surgery
1163:
1042:
1023:
989:Julie C Leonard (2018-02-12).
869:
600:, advanced flexion-compression
535:Subaxial Injury Classification
1:
862:
683:Incomplete spinal cord injury
783:of paris casts, such as the
702:
298:
7:
835:
824:Arab physician and surgeon
790:
348:clearing the cervical spine
334:Clearing the cervical spine
10:
2115:
1614:Craniocervical instability
1265:10.1016/j.wneu.2018.09.005
819:
806:
472:
331:
2033:
2010:
1991:
1962:
1949:Le Fort fracture of ankle
1933:
1882:
1875:
1852:
1809:
1733:
1704:
1695:
1672:
1649:
1619:Flexion teardrop fracture
1584:
1566:Le Fort fracture of skull
1536:
1495:
1407:
1348:
1085:10.1007/s13244-014-0311-y
948:10.1002/14651858.CD012989
647:
607:
554:
549:
508:Flexion teardrop fracture
366:Choice of medical imaging
352:clinical prediction rules
203:
150:
145:
136:
128:
123:
1039:Last updated: 2018-03-29
653:No neurological symptoms
2089:Cervical spine fracture
1795:Essex-Lopresti fracture
1725:Holstein–Lewis fracture
895:10.1186/1757-7241-20-85
539:conservative management
1609:Clay-shoveler fracture
1546:Basilar skull fracture
842:Brown-SĂ©quard syndrome
395:Radiographic detection
324:
316:
308:
213:
1973:Trimalleolar fracture
1073:Insights into Imaging
852:Internal decapitation
569:Vertebral compression
473:Further information:
360:Canadian C-spine rule
346:can be sufficient in
332:Further information:
322:
314:
306:
211:
1978:Bimalleolar fracture
1944:Maisonneuve fracture
1306:(Suppl 1): 149–154.
1020:Updated in June 2017
847:Cervical dislocation
430:of normal congruous
344:physical examination
328:Physical examination
280:, and motor racing.
230:association football
184:of any of the seven
176:, commonly called a
40:improve this article
1629:Holdsworth fracture
1556:Mandibular fracture
1523:Pathologic fracture
1513:Greenstick fracture
1508:Chalkstick fracture
813:intervertebral disc
546:
55:"Cervical fracture"
1908:Toddler's fracture
1749:Monteggia fracture
1634:Jefferson fracture
1624:Hangman's fracture
1408:External resources
1253:World Neurosurgery
1237:Medscape Reference
1138:10.3174/ajnr.A1307
857:Spinal cord injury
737:In the long term,
714:spinal cord injury
674:spinal cord injury
630:magnetic resonance
544:
529:Surgery indication
503:Hangman's fracture
491:Jefferson fracture
413:prevertebral space
325:
317:
309:
214:
194:spinal cord injury
186:cervical vertebrae
165:orthopedic surgery
157:Emergency medicine
2076:
2075:
2029:
2028:
1954:Bosworth fracture
1903:Gosselin fracture
1862:Duverney fracture
1805:
1804:
1674:Shoulder fracture
1594:Cervical fracture
1503:Avulsion fracture
1451:
1450:
700:
699:
626:spinous processes
512:cervical vertebra
226:American football
174:cervical fracture
170:
169:
124:Cervical fracture
118:Medical condition
116:
115:
108:
90:
2106:
2099:Injuries of neck
2012:Femoral fracture
2002:Patella fracture
1935:Fibular fracture
1925:Tillaux fracture
1918:Plafond fracture
1880:
1879:
1735:Forearm fracture
1706:Humerus fracture
1702:
1701:
1664:Sternal fracture
1551:Blowout fracture
1489:cartilage damage
1478:
1471:
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1312:10.1002/bjs.7733
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1171:"Classification"
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739:physical therapy
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543:
457:
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424:
232:(especially the
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100:
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91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
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2103:
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2072:
2025:
2006:
1987:
1983:Pott's fracture
1958:
1929:
1898:Segond fracture
1893:Bumper fracture
1871:
1867:Pipkin fracture
1854:Pelvic fracture
1848:
1801:
1761:Radius fracture
1729:
1691:
1668:
1645:
1604:Chance fracture
1586:Spinal fracture
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1576:Zygoma fracture
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1528:Spiral fracture
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983:
942:(4): CD012989.
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757:cervical collar
753:
751:Cervical collar
705:
684:
531:
477:
475:Spinal fracture
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449:
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432:vertebral lines
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409:vertebral lines
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356:medical imaging
340:medical history
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278:mountain biking
206:
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25:
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2094:Bone fractures
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1913:Pilon fracture
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1884:Tibia fracture
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1599:Burst fracture
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1561:Nasal fracture
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1349:Classification
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1292:External links
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1131:(1): 136–141.
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1079:(3): 321–338.
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1031:"Traumamanual"
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560:No abnormality
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2035:Foot fracture
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1993:Crus fracture
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1811:Hand fracture
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45:
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35:
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29:This article
27:
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18:
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2021:Hip fracture
1697:Arm fracture
1659:Rib fracture
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1180:. Retrieved
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778:Rigid braces
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545:SLIC system
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489:, including
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270:powerlifting
223:
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102:
96:January 2008
93:
83:
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62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
1780:Chauffeur's
1417:MedlinePlus
1259:: 476–484.
826:Ibn al-Quff
732:Paracetamol
555:Morphology
178:broken neck
132:Broken neck
129:Other names
2083:Categories
2068:Broken toe
1393:DiseasesDB
1321:1765/37154
1182:2019-05-08
863:References
800:halo brace
722:, such as
663:nerve root
648:Neurology
350:. Notable
254:gymnastics
238:ice hockey
234:goalkeeper
66:newspapers
2063:Calcaneal
2053:Cuneiform
1829:Bennett's
1485:Fractures
1438:OrthoInfo
1433:emerg/189
1428:eMedicine
1338:205512500
966:1465-1858
888:(1): 85.
728:Ibuprofen
703:Treatment
672:Complete
299:Diagnosis
246:wrestling
198:paralysis
152:Specialty
2043:Lisfranc
1819:Scaphoid
1790:Barton's
1770:Galeazzi
1715:Proximal
1687:Scapular
1682:Clavicle
1330:22441870
1281:52187620
1273:30205224
1205:Page 126
1157:19001541
1103:24554380
995:UpToDate
914:23259662
836:See also
796:Traction
791:Traction
661:Damaged
598:teardrop
583:+1 (=2)
373:children
250:Spearing
182:fracture
1839:Busch's
1834:Boxer's
1824:Rolando
1785:Smith's
1775:Colles'
1496:General
1201:Page 94
1148:7051716
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807:Surgery
745:Collars
724:Aspirin
632:change)
550:Points
461:CT scan
446:CT scan
401:CT scan
377:CT scan
288:hanging
266:surfing
188:in the
180:, is a
80:scholar
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