36:
611:. UAPs must demonstrate their ability and competence before gaining any expanded responsibilities in a clinical setting. While providing this care, UAPs offer compassion and patience and are part of the patient's healthcare support system. Communication between UAPs and registered nurses (RNs) is key as they are working together in their patients' best interests. The scope of care UAPs are responsible for is delegated by RNs or other clinical licensed professionals.
3062:
2158:
525:
3072:
2182:
2170:
810:) provides in-home care for patients who need assistance with daily living beyond what family or friends can provide. Patients include those who have a physical or mental disability, are recovering from an injury or surgery, have a chronic illness, or are advanced in age. Training requirements to become an HHA are generally minimal and vary by state.
896:, control, and verify education. This allows an employer to verify experience and knowledge as well as assist in preventing individuals who have been "struck" (had registration/certification invalidated) from continuing to work in healthcare roles. In the UK, for example, the credibility of the Healthcare Assistant and other
907:
In the United States, families and employers can verify a UAP's certification by checking the state's nursing registry. Each state is required to maintain an updated nursing registry under the
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA). The registry details valid certifications and reports of abuse or
841:
In May 2011, Ontario's
Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (MOHLTC) announced the creation of a Registry of Personal Support Workers to acknowledge the care it provides daily to some of Ontario's most vulnerable populations, including seniors and people with chronic illnesses and disabilities. The
916:
Typically, the turnover rate among an organization's UAPs is very high, which can be detrimental to patients' quality of care and cause stress and dissatisfaction among the personnel. Studies exploring the reasons for turnover show that it is not just a matter of pay, but can have many causes, such
721:
Nursing assistant, nursing auxiliary, auxiliary nurse, patient care technician, home health aide/assistant, geriatric aide/assistant, psychiatric aide, nurse aide, and nurse tech are all common titles for UAPs. There are some differences in scope of care across UAPs based on title and description.
917:
as the degree of respect the unlicensed personnel receive, the stress level, physical demands, scheduling flexibility, and their commitment to the profession. UAPs need coping strategies, outlets, and a support system to deal with problems on the job such as difficult patients and grueling tasks.
762:
Moving to a different state requires recertification in the new state unless both states use the
National Nurse Aide Assessment Program (NNAAP) standard. In that case, the new state accepts previous NNAAP test scores and allows registration. These certification exams are distributed by the state.
793:
The purpose of the Care
Certificate is to "address inconsistencies in training and competencies in the workforce so that all staff have the same introductory skills, knowledge and behaviours to provide safe, high quality and compassionate care of the highest standards". The Care Certificate was
725:
Unlicensed assistive personnel are important members of the health care team who often hold a high level of experience and ability. While they do not require extensive health care training to practice their profession, manual dexterity and good interpersonal communication skills are usually
712:
Most UAPs, including nursing assistants, are not certified to change sterile dressings, distribute medications, insert or remove any tubing, or conduct tube feedings. Such tasks should be therefore left to the overseeing nurse or clinical licensed professional. UAPs must be delegated
758:
CNA certification requirements vary by state. The requirements generally include taking an accredited CNA course, passing the state's CNA written and practical exams, registering as a CNA within the state, and acquiring a minimum number of hours of supervised on-duty experience.
829:. Personal support work is unique among health care professions in that the scope of a PSW's duties does not extend beyond what the client could do him/herself if the client were physically and cognitively able. No other profession's scope is similarly described.
770:
In the United States, CNAs must work a minimum number of hours every two years as specified by the state and have no records of abuse or neglect to keep their certification. Each state also has its own mandatory continuing education hours that CNAs must fulfill.
880:, are also typically considered UAPs. They are distinguished from midwives, physicians, nurses, and other professionals who are trained and licensed to provide basic and emergency pregnancy and childbirth-related health care services and manage complications.
713:
responsibilities. The nurses are ultimately accountable for all the care patients receive as a result of their delegating. Due to the nursing shortage and to reduce the heavy workload placed on nurses, delegating tasks to UAPs is crucial.
748:"In the United States, certified nursing assistants typically work in a nursing home or hospital and perform everyday living tasks for the elderly, chronically sick, or rehabilitation patients who cannot care for themselves."
778:
and elsewhere include healthcare assistant, healthcare support worker, or clinical support worker. These providers usually work in hospitals or community settings under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional.
892:, there is growing demand for UAPs in many countries. But without formal qualifications, UAPs are often unable to perform some tasks due to issues of liability and legality. Some places have made attempts to
2651:
2687:
737:
Training for UAPs is available from various outlets such as home health care agencies, community colleges, vocational schools, eldercare programs, and on-the-job training.
248:
1859:
2092:
2047:
2667:
1271:
2780:
2677:
859:, for example, surgical technologists are medical professionals trained and registered to perform advanced clinical procedures including emergency surgery.
639:
638:
for practice, though many hold various certifications. They are collectively categorized under the group "personal care workers in health services" in the
2708:
1293:
1205:
46:
767:
as well as other providers. The Red Cross courses encompass everything in the state exams, from communication to health terms to sensitivity.
2682:
1375:
855:
are considered UAPs in the US, where they are also sometimes called "scrub tech". The title can mean different things in other countries. In
876:, childbirth educators and other persons providing emotional support and general care and advice to women and families during pregnancy and
1650:
563:
2520:
385:
17:
2871:
1048:
1310:
2132:
238:
1329:
751:
Many community colleges offer CNA training in one semester. Other educational programs offer accelerated programs. In some cases,
2906:
2770:
2672:
2388:
2142:
3013:
2393:
1737:
1722:
1107:
1420:
Cumbi A et al. "Major surgery delegation to mid-level health practitioners in
Mozambique: health professionals' perceptions."
3106:
2220:
1954:
1914:
926:
726:
necessary. They often undergo some formal education, apprenticeship or on-the-job training in areas such as body mechanics,
2739:
2010:
1640:
1630:
349:
1407:
2982:
58:
2876:
2775:
2729:
2108:
430:
393:
1467:
Kupperschmidt, Betty (November–December 2002). "Unlicensed assistive personnel retention and realistic job previews".
3075:
2408:
1742:
1512:
1132:
980:
534:
80:
708:
Some states allow UAPs to administer medications after completing a course or showing they are competent in doing so
3101:
2574:
2436:
1267:
556:
420:
258:
155:
2977:
2513:
2398:
2355:
2020:
1687:
1354:
1223:
1084:
2891:
2403:
1692:
893:
654:
Observing, documenting and reporting clinical and treatment information, including patients' behavioral changes
635:
425:
2942:
2703:
2579:
2487:
2186:
2128:
790:
into standards of care among health care assistants and support workers in the NHS and social care settings.
668:
233:
208:
1285:
1157:
2947:
2744:
2138:
1707:
1635:
1197:
354:
2749:
2724:
2553:
2441:
2383:
2030:
1884:
1752:
1645:
901:
599:(ADLs). UAPs also provide bedside care—including basic nursing procedures—all under the supervision of a
549:
369:
364:
121:
1177:
54:
3018:
2810:
2646:
2558:
2506:
2263:
2103:
1702:
752:
596:
281:
228:
126:
2734:
2589:
2213:
1625:
1594:
1245:
835:
783:
374:
168:
150:
1453:
Kupperschmidt, B. R. (2002). "Unlicensed assistive personnel retention and realistic job previews".
2911:
2886:
2268:
2173:
2038:
2015:
1849:
1554:
604:
253:
62:
1368:
908:
neglect. The background information these registries provide is important in protecting patients.
3025:
2972:
2967:
2896:
2418:
2113:
1799:
1784:
1764:
1717:
1579:
1004:
Habgood, Christopher (May 2000). "Ensuring Proper
Delegation of Unlicensed Assistive Personnel".
507:
3008:
2901:
2413:
2088:
1904:
1834:
936:
497:
2599:
2375:
1949:
1924:
1909:
1779:
1549:
1505:
851:
588:
243:
1066:
Classifying health workers: mapping occupations to the international standard classification
842:
Ontario PSW Registry was launched on June 1, 2012, and now has over 23,000 registered PSWs.
2932:
2916:
2881:
2815:
2339:
2319:
2258:
2206:
2063:
2043:
1919:
1774:
1042:
931:
900:
workers is intended to be strengthened by their compulsory registration from 2009 with the
608:
295:
203:
131:
8:
3111:
3096:
3065:
2584:
2451:
2098:
1894:
1879:
1874:
1824:
529:
178:
2998:
2820:
2548:
2294:
2289:
2058:
1972:
1839:
1829:
1697:
1682:
1609:
889:
764:
676:
490:
111:
1326:
1307:
1017:
794:
jointly developed by Skills for Health, Health
Education England and Skills for Care.
2952:
2855:
2805:
2616:
2477:
2446:
2123:
2053:
1982:
1977:
1899:
1814:
1794:
1599:
1476:
1021:
986:
976:
787:
731:
330:
290:
173:
1101:
3045:
3040:
2937:
2850:
2594:
2482:
2365:
2334:
2162:
2118:
2083:
2078:
2068:
1939:
1889:
1869:
1819:
1809:
1712:
1559:
1498:
1425:
1013:
699:
600:
584:
466:
461:
325:
198:
2754:
2299:
2273:
2073:
1964:
1769:
1674:
1668:
1569:
1333:
1314:
1181:
1161:
1111:
1088:
1052:
868:
745:
The
National Association of Health Care Assistants defines the role of CNAs as:
300:
3003:
2611:
2309:
2253:
1987:
1929:
1864:
1804:
1789:
1732:
1727:
1564:
1399:
775:
692:
Providing emotional and support services to patients, their families and other
664:
502:
476:
359:
1080:
Occupational
Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition – Nursing and Psychiatric Aides
3090:
2840:
2606:
2314:
1934:
1854:
1604:
1544:
990:
658:
315:
163:
2957:
2825:
2785:
2360:
2329:
1480:
1429:
1025:
623:
435:
379:
305:
1124:
730:, anatomy and physiology, cognitive impairments and mental health issues,
3035:
2461:
1944:
897:
592:
471:
626:, clients in private homes, and others in need of their services due to
3030:
2845:
2543:
2529:
2243:
1440:
Cohen-Mansfield, Jiska. "Turnover among nursing home staff: A review."
877:
856:
683:
631:
453:
320:
96:
2830:
2304:
2229:
1346:
1219:
1078:
727:
693:
310:
2962:
619:
2688:
2641:
2324:
1521:
1153:
946:
941:
627:
615:
440:
116:
1844:
826:
705:
Assisting with dressing, repositioning, feeding, and toileting
2498:
2248:
2198:
2005:
1174:
1044:
NHS Careers in Detail: Healthcare assistants/auxiliary nurses
873:
672:
45:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1490:
1198:"CQC welcomes launch of the Care Certificate from April"
975:(4th ed.). Albuquerque, N.M.: Hartman Publishing.
1129:
National Association of Health Care Assistants - NAHCA
1077:
U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
825:) is the title for a similar type of health worker in
2678:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
1237:
763:
Classes to study for these exams are provided by the
634:. By definition, UAPs do not hold a license or other
1336:, Canadian College of Healthcare & Pharmaceutics
740:
640:
International Standard Classification of Occupations
838:, a PSW is called a Personal Care Attendant (PCA).
973:Hartman's nursing assistant care : the basics
650:The responsibilities and duties of a UAP include:
904:in England or its Scottish or Welsh equivalents.
3088:
813:
702:: bathing, oral hygiene, nail care, and grooming
689:Collecting specimens for required medical tests,
970:
27:Paraprofessionals who assist with bedside care
2683:Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons
2514:
2214:
1506:
1466:
1192:
1190:
1152:National Council of State Boards of Nursing.
911:
557:
43:The examples and perspective in this article
1320:
1173:National Certified Nurse Assistant Resource
786:was introduced in April 2015, following the
734:, personal care skills, and record-keeping.
3071:
2872:Augmentative and alternative communication
2521:
2507:
2221:
2207:
1513:
1499:
1187:
755:pay for a CNA course for their employees.
657:Assisting with motion exercises and other
564:
550:
1100:National Association of Career Colleges.
797:
81:Learn how and when to remove this message
1028:– via Elsevier Science Publishers.
888:In the context of aging populations and
845:
2907:Disproportionality in special education
2389:Nursing home care in the United Kingdom
1308:"How to Get Home Health Aide Training".
1003:
14:
3089:
2394:Nursing home care in the United States
1723:Nursing credentials and certifications
1327:PSW Courses in Toronto & Etobicoke
1058:
156:Individualized Education Program (IEP)
2502:
2202:
1494:
1037:
1035:
966:
964:
962:
927:Activities of daily living assistance
716:
431:Disabled Peoples' International (DPI)
2169:
2011:Nursing Interventions Classification
350:Social Security Disability Insurance
29:
3014:Disability in children's literature
2181:
1351:Personal Support Network of Ontario
1071:
636:mandatory professional requirements
24:
2877:Emotional or behavioral disability
1248:from the original on 18 March 2018
1032:
959:
862:
394:Ontario Disability Support Program
25:
3123:
2409:Social care in the United Kingdom
741:Certified nursing assistant (CNA)
3070:
3061:
3060:
2437:Caring in intimate relationships
2180:
2168:
2157:
2156:
1410:from the original on 2014-03-20.
1400:"About the Ontario PSW Registry"
1357:from the original on 2014-09-24.
1296:from the original on 2015-10-03.
1274:from the original on 2015-10-03.
1226:from the original on 2015-10-03.
1208:from the original on 2015-10-03.
645:
591:, mental impairments, and other
524:
523:
421:National Telecommuting Institute
34:
2399:Home care in the United Kingdom
2356:Caring for people with dementia
2021:Nursing Outcomes Classification
2016:Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS)
1688:Associate of Science in Nursing
1460:
1447:
1434:
1414:
1392:
1381:from the original on 2014-03-20
1361:
1339:
1300:
1278:
1260:
1230:
1212:
1135:from the original on 2019-04-12
2892:Disability and LGBT identities
2528:
2457:Unlicensed assistive personnel
2404:Home care in the United States
2228:
1693:Bachelor of Science in Nursing
1167:
1146:
1117:
1094:
997:
788:Cavendish Review of April 2013
577:Unlicensed assistive personnel
426:Society for Disability Studies
278:Unlicensed assistive personnel
13:
1:
2704:Services for mental disorders
2488:Distress in cancer caregiving
1915:Psychiatric and mental health
1483:– via Academic OneFile.
1018:10.1016/S0001-2092(06)61555-X
952:
814:Personal support worker (PSW)
3107:Nursing in the United States
2709:Services for disabled people
1708:Master of Science in Nursing
686:and mobilization of patients
587:who assist individuals with
355:Supplemental Security Income
117:Ableism / Disablism
7:
2992:Arts, media, culture, sport
2442:Direct support professional
2384:Nursing home care in Canada
1520:
1064:World Health Organization.
920:
902:General Social Care Council
883:
782:In the United Kingdom, the
370:Disabled students allowance
365:Disability Living Allowance
57:, discuss the issue on the
18:Certified Nursing Assistant
10:
3128:
3019:Disability in horror films
2811:Activities of daily living
2264:Activities of daily living
1703:Doctor of Nursing Practice
1422:Human Resources for Health
1306:Home Health Aide training
1238:"Health Education England"
1220:"Skills for Health - Home"
912:Turnover and job stability
753:Skilled Nursing Facilities
597:activities of daily living
229:Disability rights movement
3056:
2991:
2925:
2864:
2798:
2763:
2717:
2696:
2660:
2634:
2627:
2567:
2536:
2470:
2429:
2374:
2348:
2282:
2236:
2152:
2029:
1996:
1963:
1860:Women's Health Care Nurse
1751:
1667:
1618:
1595:Clinical nurse specialist
1587:
1578:
1537:
1528:
1041:National Health Service.
836:Newfoundland and Labrador
375:Disabled Persons Railcard
2912:Sexuality and disability
2887:Disability and disasters
2799:Structural and assistive
2269:Long-term care insurance
2039:International Nurses Day
1555:Licensed practical nurse
1154:"NNAAP Testing Standard"
971:Fuzy, Jetta Lee (2014).
609:health care professional
605:licensed practical nurse
388:the Severely Handicapped
344:Socioeconomic assistance
254:Sexuality and disability
3102:Health care occupations
3026:Disability in the media
2897:Disability and religion
2836:Personal Care Assistant
1718:Nurse Licensure Compact
1317:Accessed 16 March 2014.
1184:Accessed 11 March 2014.
1164:Accessed 16 March 2014.
1114:Accessed 12 April 2011.
1103:Personal Support Worker
1091:Accessed 12 April 2011.
1055:Accessed 12 April 2011.
819:Personal support worker
659:rehabilitative measures
508:Disability in the media
3009:Disability in the arts
2902:Disability and poverty
2841:Physical accessibility
2471:Support for caregivers
2349:Special considerations
1430:10.1186/1478-4491-5-27
1369:"PSW & Extra Wild"
1290:skillsforhealth.org.uk
1286:"The Care Certificate"
937:Health human resources
852:Surgical technologists
798:Home health aide (HHA)
774:Similar titles in the
498:Disability in the arts
316:Physical accessibility
2600:driver rehabilitation
2376:Caregiving by country
1950:Travel health nursing
1550:Clinical nurse leader
1455:Nursing Economics, 20
846:Surgical technologist
663:Taking and recording
589:physical disabilities
244:People-first language
222:Societal implications
2933:Models of disability
2917:Youth and disability
2882:Invisible disability
2831:Orthotics and braces
2816:Assistive technology
2628:Rights, law, support
2340:Retirement community
2259:Occupational therapy
1775:Correctional nursing
1068:. Geneva, WHO, 2010.
932:Health care provider
311:Orthotics and braces
296:Assistive technology
63:create a new article
55:improve this article
2585:Learning disability
2452:Sandwich generation
2430:Types of caregivers
2283:Living arrangements
2237:Background concepts
2109:Republic of Ireland
1885:Occupational health
1875:Nursing informatics
1651:Psych/mental health
1444:28.5 (1997): 59-64.
272:Personal assistance
179:Learning disability
2999:Disability culture
2926:Disability studies
2821:Independent living
2549:Disability studies
2295:Home modifications
2290:Independent living
1973:Nursing assessment
1835:Legal consultation
1698:Diploma in Nursing
1683:Nightingale Pledge
1610:Nurse practitioner
1442:Nursing Management
1332:2020-01-03 at the
1313:2014-10-25 at the
1268:"Care Certificate"
1180:2016-10-18 at the
1160:2014-02-10 at the
1110:2011-01-12 at the
1087:2006-11-03 at the
1051:2011-04-05 at the
890:health care reform
765:American Red Cross
717:Types and training
624:nursing facilities
386:Assured Income for
3084:
3083:
2953:Neuroqueer theory
2856:Web accessibility
2806:Accessible toilet
2794:
2793:
2647:Disability rights
2642:Ableism/disablism
2496:
2495:
2447:Family caregivers
2196:
2195:
1983:Nursing care plan
1978:Nursing diagnosis
1663:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1631:Adult-gerontology
1619:NPs by population
1600:Nurse anesthetist
1580:Advanced practice
1469:Nursing Economics
1244:. 27 March 2015.
732:infection control
679:, and body weight
642:, 2008 revision.
595:needs with their
585:paraprofessionals
574:
573:
331:Web accessibility
291:Accessible toilet
174:Special education
112:Disability theory
105:Theory and models
91:
90:
83:
65:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
3119:
3074:
3073:
3064:
3063:
3046:Special Olympics
2938:Inspiration porn
2851:Universal design
2652:Pejorative terms
2632:
2631:
2595:Physical therapy
2523:
2516:
2509:
2500:
2499:
2483:Caregiver stress
2366:End-of-life care
2335:Residential care
2223:
2216:
2209:
2200:
2199:
2184:
2183:
2172:
2171:
2160:
2159:
1850:Medical-surgical
1753:Specialties and
1713:Board of nursing
1585:
1584:
1560:Registered nurse
1535:
1534:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1492:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1464:
1458:
1451:
1445:
1438:
1432:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1380:
1373:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1343:
1337:
1324:
1318:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1194:
1185:
1171:
1165:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1121:
1115:
1098:
1092:
1075:
1069:
1062:
1056:
1039:
1030:
1029:
1012:(5): 1058–1060.
1001:
995:
994:
968:
869:Birth attendants
804:home health aide
784:Care Certificate
700:personal hygiene
601:registered nurse
566:
559:
552:
527:
526:
467:Paralympic Games
462:Special Olympics
326:Universal design
249:Pejorative terms
93:
92:
86:
79:
75:
72:
66:
38:
37:
30:
21:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3052:
2987:
2921:
2860:
2790:
2764:Activist groups
2759:
2713:
2692:
2656:
2623:
2563:
2532:
2527:
2497:
2492:
2466:
2425:
2370:
2344:
2300:Assisted living
2278:
2274:Dignity of risk
2232:
2227:
2197:
2192:
2148:
2025:
1998:
1997:Classification
1992:
1965:Nursing process
1959:
1800:Faith community
1765:Ambulatory care
1756:
1754:
1747:
1673:
1671:
1655:
1614:
1574:
1570:Nurse scientist
1530:
1524:
1519:
1489:
1488:
1465:
1461:
1452:
1448:
1439:
1435:
1419:
1415:
1404:pswregistry.org
1398:
1397:
1393:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1334:Wayback Machine
1325:
1321:
1315:Wayback Machine
1305:
1301:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1251:
1249:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1182:Wayback Machine
1175:"CNA Resource".
1172:
1168:
1162:Wayback Machine
1151:
1147:
1138:
1136:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1112:Wayback Machine
1099:
1095:
1089:Wayback Machine
1076:
1072:
1063:
1059:
1053:Wayback Machine
1040:
1033:
1002:
998:
983:
969:
960:
955:
923:
914:
886:
865:
863:Birth Assistant
848:
816:
800:
743:
719:
698:Assisting with
682:Assisting with
648:
622:, residents of
570:
539:
513:
512:
493:
483:
482:
481:
456:
446:
445:
416:
415:
399:
398:
390:
387:
345:
337:
336:
335:
301:Assisted living
273:
265:
264:
263:
223:
215:
214:
213:
193:
185:
184:
183:
146:
138:
137:
136:
106:
87:
76:
70:
67:
52:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3125:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3068:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3028:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3006:
3004:Disability art
3001:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2909:
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2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
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2868:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2853:
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2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2526:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2503:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2478:Carers' rights
2474:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2380:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2310:Aging in place
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2254:Long-term care
2251:
2246:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2226:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2203:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2178:
2166:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2136:
2129:United Kingdom
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1988:Nursing theory
1985:
1980:
1975:
1969:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1905:Perianesthesia
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1733:Nurse registry
1730:
1728:Nursing school
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1641:Women's health
1638:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1591:
1589:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1565:Graduate nurse
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1541:
1539:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1518:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1495:
1487:
1486:
1459:
1446:
1433:
1413:
1391:
1360:
1338:
1319:
1299:
1277:
1259:
1229:
1211:
1186:
1166:
1145:
1116:
1093:
1070:
1057:
1031:
996:
981:
957:
956:
954:
951:
950:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
922:
919:
913:
910:
885:
882:
864:
861:
847:
844:
815:
812:
799:
796:
776:United Kingdom
742:
739:
718:
715:
710:
709:
706:
703:
696:
690:
687:
680:
665:blood pressure
661:
655:
647:
644:
614:UAPs care for
572:
571:
569:
568:
561:
554:
546:
543:
542:
541:
540:
538:
537:
532:
520:
515:
514:
511:
510:
505:
503:Disability art
500:
494:
489:
488:
485:
484:
480:
479:
477:Invictus Games
474:
469:
464:
458:
457:
452:
451:
448:
447:
444:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
417:
414:
413:
410:
406:
405:
404:
401:
400:
397:
396:
391:
384:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
360:Ticket to Work
357:
352:
346:
343:
342:
339:
338:
334:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
287:
286:
285:
274:
271:
270:
267:
266:
262:
261:
259:Women's health
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
225:
224:
221:
220:
217:
216:
212:
211:
206:
201:
195:
194:
191:
190:
187:
186:
182:
181:
176:
171:
169:Special school
166:
160:
159:
158:
153:
147:
144:
143:
140:
139:
135:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
108:
107:
104:
103:
100:
99:
89:
88:
49:of the subject
47:worldwide view
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3124:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3077:
3069:
3067:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:Social issues
2863:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2607:Special needs
2605:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2590:Mainstreaming
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2554:Medical model
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2524:
2519:
2517:
2512:
2510:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2320:Adult daycare
2318:
2316:
2315:Elder village
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2224:
2219:
2217:
2212:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2189:
2188:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2144:
2140:
2139:United States
2137:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1925:Public health
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1910:Perioperative
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1780:Critical care
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1670:
1666:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1605:Nurse midwife
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1545:Student nurse
1543:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1527:
1523:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1450:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1427:
1424:; 2007, 5:27
1423:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1377:
1370:
1364:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1323:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1303:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1191:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1170:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1125:"Our History"
1120:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1061:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1038:
1036:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1000:
992:
988:
984:
982:9781604250503
978:
974:
967:
965:
963:
958:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
924:
918:
909:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
881:
879:
875:
871:
870:
860:
858:
854:
853:
843:
839:
837:
833:
832:
828:
824:
820:
811:
809:
805:
795:
791:
789:
785:
780:
777:
772:
768:
766:
760:
756:
754:
749:
746:
738:
735:
733:
729:
723:
714:
707:
704:
701:
697:
695:
691:
688:
685:
681:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
660:
656:
653:
652:
651:
646:Scope of care
643:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
567:
562:
560:
555:
553:
548:
547:
545:
544:
536:
533:
531:
522:
521:
519:
518:
517:
516:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
495:
492:
487:
486:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
459:
455:
450:
449:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
418:
412:Organizations
411:
408:
407:
403:
402:
395:
392:
389:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
347:
341:
340:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
288:
283:
279:
276:
275:
269:
268:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
239:Normalization
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
226:
219:
218:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
196:
189:
188:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
164:Special needs
162:
161:
157:
154:
152:
151:Mainstreaming
149:
148:
142:
141:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
122:Medical model
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
109:
102:
101:
98:
95:
94:
85:
82:
74:
71:December 2019
64:
60:
56:
50:
48:
41:
32:
31:
19:
2968:Anthropology
2958:Deaf studies
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2089:New Zealand
1945:Telenursing
1895:Orthopedics
1825:Home health
1538:Generalists
898:social care
677:respiration
669:temperature
593:health care
472:Deaflympics
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3091:Categories
3031:Parasports
2568:Approaches
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2244:Disability
2230:Caregiving
2031:By country
1900:Pediatrics
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1385:2014-03-20
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1139:2019-04-12
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872:, such as
857:Mozambique
694:caregivers
684:ambulation
632:disability
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1855:Midwifery
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1669:Education
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728:nutrition
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3066:Category
2983:Journals
2963:Eugenics
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2099:Pakistan
2093:timeline
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1940:Surgical
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1870:Neonatal
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