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Ceefax

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The drum was synchronised with the transmission drum by means of the "Start of Page", and "Start of Line" information inherent in the Muirhead system. Printing was effected by a hardened steel blade driven by, initially, a loudspeaker-type moving coil, then by a printed-circuit coil, and finally by a
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continued to be broadcast until less than two days before the Ceefax service was closed down, with the final transmission being in the early hours of Monday 22 October 2012 which featured special continuity announcements and a specially created end caption featuring various Ceefax graphics from over
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The idea was later taken up again, this time in digital and on-screen form, under the new name of CEEFAX, meaning "see facts". The new system was announced in October 1972, and following test transmissions in 1972–74, the Ceefax system went live on 23 September 1974 with thirty pages of information.
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However, on 29 January 2020, one day before the scheduled date of shutdown, the BBC suspended its decision, pending a review into it, after there were protests concerning certain demographics of people – for example, the elderly – with regards to what impact the removal of the service would have on
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was increasingly marginalised by the BBC's move towards a near-continuous service, although BBC2 only gradually expanded its broadcasting hours when schools programming was not being shown. By the start of the 1990s, Ceefax broadcasts were shown once a day, and for periods of around 15-30 minutes.
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To receive a desired page of text on a teletext-capable receiver, the user would enter a three-digit page number on the device. Once the page number was entered, the selected page would display on the user's screen upon its actual transmission, which would have required a wait of several seconds.
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Initially the in-vision broadcasts featured a variety of different topics - news, sport, weather and BBC TV listings. Other topics would be included from time to time, such as financial news, travel news, a recipe and information about the BBC. In late 1989 the Ceefax service was relaunched as a
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service was seen as an alternative to Ceefax and since 2007 the number of regions with a Ceefax supported analogue signal had declined as digital switchover progressed across the UK. As of the end of 2011, three-quarters of the UK TV regions had completed or were in the process of being switched
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During the late 1960s, engineers Geoff Larkby and Barry Pyatt, at the Designs Department (Television Group) of the BBC, worked on an experimental analogue text transmission system. Its object was to transmit a printable page of text during the nocturnal "close-down" period of normal television
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or the text button on any BBC channel. As well as being able to display plain text, BBC Red Button offers richer graphics than Ceefax and a number of interactive video streams. Pages can be navigated to by scrolling with the remote or entering the correct page number; most of the page numbers
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computer introduced in August 2016 by Peter Kwan. To view Teefax, enthusiasts connect a Raspberry Pi running appropriate software to the signal input of a Teletext-capable TV. Kwan said: "It's like the modern-day equivalent of restoring steam engines. It's completely useless but it keeps us
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Created in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s by the Philips Lead Designer for VDUs John Adams, his design was given to the BBC so they could start transmission. The BBC were working on ways of providing televisual subtitles for deaf people, it was the first teletext system in the world.
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The basic technology of Ceefax remained compatible with the 1976 unified rollout; system elaborations in later years were made such that earlier receivers were still able to do a basic decode of pages, but would simply ignore enhanced information rather than showing corrupted data.
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From May 1983, BBC1 began to transmit Ceefax pages during their daytime downtime periods. This situation continued until Friday 24 October 1986, three days before BBC1 launched a full daytime schedule, resulting in the only Ceefax transmission on BBC1 being the weekday 6.00am
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was a selection of content from the Ceefax service and normally only shown in the absence of any other programming. It consisted of selected Ceefax pages which were transmitted as an ordinary TV picture which was viewable on any receiver. Audio accompaniment consisted of
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There were many pages to choose from, and they could be displayed either on a black background or superimposed over the broadcast programme picture. This latter feature made it technically possible for the first time for British broadcasters to transmit
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previously used on Ceefax are the same on BBC Red Button, such as sports being on page number 301 with football on 302 and football results on 316. The new BBC Red Button Service is used as much as Ceefax and is especially popular among football fans.
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Until 2012, the BBC's Ceefax service was still providing information on topics covering News, Sport, Weather, TV Listings and Businesses. The pages were kept up to date until the UK digital switchover was completed on Tuesday 23 October 2012.
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designed, rotating drum, facsimile transmitter, and Larkby & Pyatt's own, unique, design of hard-copy printer. This printer used pressure-sensitive "till-roll" paper passing over a drum with a raised helix of steel wire.
1123:'s "Five Text" ancillary service closed in 2011. A limited analogue teletext service through ITV and Channel 4 was still available through terrestrial until the digital switchover was completed on 23 October 2012. 977: 1316:
In-vision Ceefax was first shown in March 1980, originally in 30-minute slots and by mid-1983 it was a common filler during daytime downtime. Transmissions were originally billed on-air as
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turned off the last analogue TV signal in Northern Ireland. A series of graphics on Ceefax's front page marked its 38 years on the BBC. BBC News' website also has memories of Ceefax.
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In September 2019, the BBC announced that the Red Button service would be discontinued in 2020, which would've ended 45 years of text content delivery via TV broadcast in Britain.
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had been accessible at any time of day on teletext-equipped televisions on page 198 (BBC1) and 298 (BBC2), moving to page 196 in November 1992 and to page 152 in November 1996.
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news-focused service and the in-vision sequence became a news only service plus a weather forecast. A headline page for business, sport and travel reappeared in 1992.
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After technical negotiations, the two broadcasters settled in 1974 on a single standard, different from both Ceefax and ORACLE, which ultimately developed into
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occupied." The service has 12 pages of up-to-date news and Kwan hopes to create an online archive of old teletext pages from Britain, Germany and France.
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and for other continuity. Since then, overnight downtime has been filled with a rolling loop of previews of forthcoming BBC Two programmes.
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in the UK saw the closure of Ceefax in October 2012. Its replacement, BBC Red Button, is available on most digital services including
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At 23:32:19 BST on 23 October 2012, Ceefax was switched off after 38 years of providing news, weather and sport information when the
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Pages were retrieved using a three-digit number. From the 1996 relaunch onwards, the main sections were organised as follows:
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systems, text and simple graphics are transmitted in-band with the picture signal, and decoded by controller circuitry.
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in 1974 and ended, after 38 years of broadcasting, at 23:32:19 BST (11:32 PM BST) on 23 October 2012, in line with the
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It was announced that Ceefax would not be replaced when the analogue signal was switched off in October 2012. The
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On 28 February 1983, BBC1 started to air a selection of Ceefax pages every weekday morning at 6.00am called
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broadcast on BBC1 was on 9 November 1997. However, occasional Ceefax broadcasts continued to be shown on
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The technology became the standard European teletext system and replaced other standards, including the
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in 1995, Ceefax was shown during overnight downtime on BBC Two for the first time, although latterly
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became popular, Ceefax pages were often the first location to report a breaking story or headline.
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Graham Clayton was its news executive and began working for Ceefax in 1978. In an interview with
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Ceefax was the last remaining text service available via analogue TV transmissions in the UK, as
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which could be turned on or off by the viewer, rather than as part of the broadcast image.
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from 1983 until 1997, and in the late 1980s and early 1990s, some ITV companies broadcast
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as a filler between the end of an opt-out and rejoining the national network. On BBC Two,
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The BBC Red Button service is currently seen on all BBC TV and BBC Radio Channels.
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which consisted of Teletext pages showing job vacancies and related information.
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showed in-vision pages from the Skytext service during its overnight downtime.
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service, but later brought back a limited service, including a TV schedule for
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They were shown before the first programme of the day. When the BBC launched
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The BBC has tried to reuse the old Ceefax page numbers where possible on the
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also used Teletext pages in its first few years on air. In its early days,
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In 2002, the BBC stopped broadcasting Ceefax on the digital satellite
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teletext system, at around the same time. Before the Internet and the
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filled many of the late-night/early morning gaps in the schedules.
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400s – Weather and Travel (including 480 - Golf and 490 - Tennis)
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The Ceefax/ORACLE standard was internationalised in the 1980s as
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The final seconds before the switch off, seen on 23 October 2012.
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In 1983, Ceefax started to broadcast computer programs, known as
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600s – TV and Radio Listings (including 660 - Horse Racing)
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BT.653) of 1986 as CCIR Teletext System B. As with other
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BBC News article celebrating 30th anniversary of Ceefax
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the years. The music chosen for the final minutes was
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information service and a forerunner to the current
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Timeline of in vision teletext broadcasts in the UK
810: 872: 1320:but daytime transmissions were not listed in the 2984: 1862:BBC Genome Project – BBC1 listings 21 March 1983 16:Teletext information service operated by the BBC 1827:"BBC Two England - 7 January 1984 - BBC Genome" 1451:Teefax is a revamped version of Ceefax for the 952:newspaper to be transmitted during shut-down". 964:special ceramic piezo element manufactured by 2823: 2008: 1892: 1845:"The History of Pages from Ceefax (part 2/3)" 1745:"Ceefax service to end after 38 years on BBC" 1693: 1193:. BBC Red Button is accessed by pressing the 782: 3003:2012 disestablishments in the United Kingdom 1546: 1544: 1801:"BBC to switch off red button text in 2020" 971: 911:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2830: 2816: 2015: 2001: 1765: 1295:The limited set of rolling pages shown on 997:(IBA), who had developed the incompatible 789: 775: 45: 2993:1973 establishments in the United Kingdom 1742: 1696:"Whitehaven analogue TV switch-off nears" 1651: 1649: 1541: 1326:until 7 January 1984, under the title of 1162: 980:Early test data being received in 1972 – 931:Learn how and when to remove this message 1780: 1719: 1343:at 6.30am. It is first mentioned in the 1060: 1052: 975: 1155:a "Best Policy" award for the latter's 2985: 1657:"Putting the final touches to SBCTEXT" 1646: 1642:. Microform Review. 1984. p. 380. 1256:500s – Entertainment (including 555 – 2811: 1996: 1955:A few pages of Teefax can be seen on 1401:, which had been frequently used for 2967: 2792: 1311: 1277: 1235: 1057:Ceefax page, seen on 5 October 2008. 909:adding citations to reliable sources 876: 1337:which would lead into the start of 1292:or sometimes a discontinuous tone. 844:service. 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BBC. 1728:25 May 1722:"Home" 1705:25 May 1592:25 May 1447:Teefax 1418:Oracle 1270:888 – 1205:them. 1104:over. 999:ORACLE 802:Ceefax 603:Genome 439:London 243:Ceefax 159:Oracle 39:Ceefax 2868:NABTS 2733:Redux 2703:Dirac 2347:Wales 2284:South 2212:Sport 2207:Radio 2110:Chair 2065:local 2055:Radio 1747:. BBC 1226:ITU-R 1137:In a 459:South 370:Sport 365:Radio 226:local 216:Radio 2875:JTES 2723:h2g2 2468:Logo 2299:West 2254:East 2202:News 1925:2017 1813:2019 1753:2012 1730:2012 1707:2012 1669:2023 1624:2021 1594:2012 1388:and 1222:CCIR 1189:and 1173:The 1111:and 1081:and 896:any 894:cite 591:Logo 474:West 429:East 360:News 2873:D ( 2866:C ( 2859:B ( 2852:A ( 2496:Key 2024:BBC 1187:Sky 1115:'s 1109:ITV 907:by 846:BBC 176:BBC 103:BBC 85:BBC 2989:: 1941:. 1911:. 1891:: 1847:. 1829:. 1803:. 1785:. 1698:. 1659:. 1648:^ 1614:. 1610:. 1558:^ 1543:^ 1384:, 1330:. 1185:, 1181:, 1145:, 856:. 817:iː 2877:) 2870:) 2863:) 2856:) 2831:e 2824:t 2817:v 2504:) 2500:( 2183:) 2179:( 2016:e 2009:t 2002:v 1959:. 1927:. 1851:. 1833:. 1815:. 1789:. 1755:. 1732:. 1709:. 1671:. 1626:. 1596:. 1431:, 1264:) 934:) 928:( 923:) 919:( 915:. 901:. 832:/ 829:s 826:k 823:æ 820:f 814:s 811:ˈ 808:/ 804:( 790:e 783:t 776:v 341:) 337:( 147:) 137:) 30:. 23:.

Index

Ceephax
Ceefax (album)

BBC
BBC
analogue
BBC One
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Oracle
Teletext Ltd.
BBC

Television
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Samir Shah
Director-General
Tim Davie
BBC Board
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