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263:, Illinois in 1907 (and re-elected in 1909), making her the first woman elected to that office in Illinois. While a Justice of the Peace, she made national headlines by agreeing to conduct egalitarian marriage ceremonies in which she omitted the word "obey" from the ritualized words the woman was supposed to say; at that time, the man pledged to "love, honor and cherish" while the woman pledged to "love, honor and obey."
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in 1890. After the
Illinois Supreme Court upheld a law granting women the right to vote in school district elections in 1891, McCulloch worked on a bill that would ensure women's suffrage for local and presidential elections in the state of Illinois. McCulloch and her colleagues at the Illinois Equal
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In 1890, Catharine Waugh married her former law school classmate, Frank
Hathorn McCulloch. They moved to Chicago and merged practices to form the law firm of McCulloch and McCulloch. Catharine sought equality in her relationship as both a private and political arrangement. According to letters she
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Suffrage
Association actively lobbied for the bill from 1893 to 1913, even organizing train and automobile tours to rally suffrage supporters across the state. McCulloch's public-oriented methods of mobilizing supporters through rallies and publications reflected the style of many clubwomen,
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McCulloch was a member of the Equity Club, a correspondence network founded in 1887 to provide support, friendship, and advice among women lawyers across the country. In 1888, McCulloch unsuccessfully ran for state's attorney on the
Prohibition party ticket.
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of the Cook County
Superior Court. She became known for her advocacy in working to eliminate or modify marriage and divorce laws that discriminated against women, and she worked to create uniformity of such laws in all states.
270:. She led the Democratic ticket statewide, winning 950,229 votes — by far the most ever won in an election by a woman to that point. But the Republican victory in Illinois prevented her from actually serving in the
143:, and reformer. She actively lobbied for women's suffrage at the local, state, and national levels as a leader in the Illinois Equal Suffrage Association, Chicago Political Equality League, and
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activists who sought suffrage as a means to advance other reform efforts. Her approach contrasted with that of more conservative members of the
Illinois Equal Suffrage Association like
171:). After graduating and passing the bar in 1886, Waugh sought employment in Chicago but faced gender discrimination. She returned to Rockford, Illinois and started her own practice.
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327:"Law," in Training for the professions and allied occupations: facilities available to women in the United States. New York: Bureau of Vocational Information, 1924. Pages 427–450.
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measures. For example, she championed the passage of a law in 1901 that gave women equal guardianship with their husbands over their children. In 1905, she helped raise the
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sent to colleagues, she believed her marriage to McCulloch helped advance her career. She raised four children: Hugh Waugh, Hathorn Waugh, Catharine Waugh, and Frank Waugh.
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Drachman, Virginia (Spring 1989). ""My 'Partner' in Law and Life": Marriage in the Lives of Women
Lawyers in Late 19th-and Early 20th-Century America".
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in 1882, where she wrote a thesis on women's wages and earned both a B.A. and M.A. degree. Waugh then attended
Chicago's Union College of Law (now
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Drysdale, William. "The Woman Lawyer," in Helps for ambitious girls New York: T. Y. Crowell & Co., c1900. Pages 180–208.
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to Susan Gouger and
Abraham Miller Waugh. She was of French and Irish ancestry. Raised in Illinois, she graduated from
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McCulloch died of cancer in 1945 at the age of 82. Catharine W. McCulloch Park in
Evanston is named for her.
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A full-text searchable online database with complete access to publications written by Catharine McCulloch.
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Wheeler, Adade Mitchell (Summer 1983). "Conflict in the Illinois Woman Suffrage Movement of 1913".
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Mr. Lex, Or The Legal Status of Mother and Child. Chicago: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1899, 85 pp.
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to campaign for municipal suffrage. In addition to her suffrage work, McCulloch advocated for
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Norgren, Jill (2010). "Ladies of Legend: The First Generation of American Women Attorneys".
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297:) and was its first vice president. She also served as the legal adviser for the National
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Women's Legal History Biography Project, Robert Crown Library, Stanford Law School.
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Seeing with Their Hearts: Chicago Women and the Vision of the Good City, 1871-1933
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James, Edward T.; James, Janet Wilson; Boyer, Paul S.; Radcliffe College (1971).
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McCulloch, Catharine Waugh. "Women as Law Clerks" manuscript. c1887. (12 pages).
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Harvard University Library Open Collections Program. Women Working, 1870–1930,
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Bureau of Vocational Information (New York). Records, 1908–1932: A Finding Aid
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In 1916, she was the first woman to be nominated by a major party as a
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623:. Biographical articles, collected papers and archival materials.
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Notable American women, 1607-1950; a biographical dictionary
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The national exposition souvenir: what America owes to women
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McCulloch began serving as the legislative chair of the
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National American Woman Suffrage Association activists
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Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law alumni
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454:Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society
135:(June 4, 1862 – April 20, 1945) was an American
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607:Catharine Gouger Waugh McCulloch (1862-1945).
236:In 1894, McCulloch and fellow members of the
571:"Women's League Heads Plan Work of Future".
321:Buffalo: C. W. Moulton, 1893. Pages 390–408.
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145:National American Woman Suffrage Association
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546:"THOMPSON HAS HIGH VOTE"
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110:Frank Hawthorn McCulloch
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520:"Woman Highly Honored"
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575:. November 15, 1920.
268:presidential elector
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149:Justice of the Peace
100:Attorney, Suffragist
92:Union College of Law
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225:workers, and other
175:Marriage and family
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62:1862-06-04
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