90:
20:
197:
525:
32:
256:
449:
328:
350:
468:
159:
The principle of the catenary is also the underlying factor in the much more complex architectural systems of the
Medieval and Renaissance architecture. Buildings that have heavy roofs that are arched in shape and deliver a strong outward thrust must comply with the form of the catenary curve in
119:
in 1788 reads, "I have lately received from Italy a treatise on the equilibrium of arches, by the Abbé Mascheroni. It appears to be a very scientific work. I have not yet had time to engage in it; but I find that the conclusions of his demonstrations are, that every part of the
132:
Architecturally, a catenary arch has the ability to withstand the weight of the material from which it is constructed, without collapsing. For an arch of uniform density and thickness, supporting only its own weight, the catenary is the ideal curve.
160:
order not to collapse. This does not imply that the arches themselves are catenary in form, but that the total system of walls or buttresses that support the roof or dome contain a catenary curve, which delivers the downward thrust.
143:
This principle has been employed architecturally to create arched structures that follow exactly, and in a visibly apparent way, the form of an inverted catenary. A significant early example of this is the arch of
402:
are designed with a catenary arch cross-section. This shape offers an optimal balance between height and diameter, avoiding the risk of collapsing under the weight of compacted snow.
136:
Catenary arches are strong because they redirect the vertical force of gravity into compression forces pressing along the arch's curve. In a uniformly loaded catenary arch, the
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1201:
667:
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848:
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55:. The catenary curve has been employed in buildings since ancient times. It forms an underlying principle to the overall system of
813:
1481:
551:
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573:
39:(left) and a catenary arch, also a catenary curve (right). One points up, and one points down, but the curves are the same.
1370:
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585:
1586:
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1144:
1426:
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588:, the building has been remodeled, but still visible is the catenary arch suspending the original building.
632:
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703:. Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology. 31 August 2015.
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415:
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148:. The catenary, spun 180 degrees, forms the structure of simple domed building such as the
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Memoir, Correspondence, and
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478:
471:
209:
168:
112:", or, "As hangs a flexible cable so, inverted, stand the touching pieces of an arch."
183:, Cambridge, have been discovered to comply with the formula of the catenary arch.
1238:
316:
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1064:
457:
338:
331:
234:
172:
171:
in a manner that utilised the principle of the catenary arch. In the 17th century,
153:
116:
1097:
600:
502:
437:
429:, For greatest stability, the structure’s cross-section follows a catenary arch.
363:
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315:, the top being thinner than the bottom, its actual shape is technically a "
1474:"100 Years of the Ninth District Fed - Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis"
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179:
based directly on a catenary curve. The vaulted roof and buttresses of
823:
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1179:
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539:
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230:
145:
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Ut pendet continuum flexile, sic stabit contiguum rigidum inversum
16:
Architectural pointed arch that follows an inverted catenary curve
1303:
440:
have a cross-section that follows the style of a catenary arch.
399:
467:
781:
426:
97:
1089:
969:
898:
535:
378:
273:
263:
74:
1496:
1456:"Penn Station's 5th Redesign Fails to Charm Some Critics"
1119:
1050:"The Igloo and the Natural Bridge as Ultimate Structures"
774:
689:
1110:
892:
724:
1447:
841:
557:A catenary steel cable system supports the roof of
276:has a natural catenary shape, possibly produced by
1363:
1226:
1162:"An Ancient Egyptian Catenary Construction Curve"
944:
665:
659:
1633:
1433:
1338:
1154:
167:designed the pointed, octagonal, Gothic dome on
1453:
1259:
994:
288:, also in Utah, have a catenary shape as well.
1545:
1527:"Architecture Addiction, The Official Blog of"
1413:
1394:
1194:
1104:
829:
757:"Building an arch that can stand up by itself"
1310:
1011:
1577:The use of the catenary arch in architecture
1262:"What house-builders can learn from igloos"
1232:
1142:
923:
807:"Build an arch that can stand up by itself"
749:
576:has a roof in the form of a catenary arch.
1524:
1324:
1296:
191:
1420:
1388:
1095:
1043:
1041:
1039:
832:"Getting the arch back into architecture"
713:
668:"Letter to the Editors: The Perfect Dome"
1275:
523:
466:
447:
348:
326:
254:
195:
127:
88:
30:
18:
1582:Natural arches that are catenary arches
552:Washington Dulles International Airport
1634:
1176:"Marquette Plaza Property Information"
1036:
720:. Boston: Gray and Bowen. p. 416.
381:are often designed with catenary arch
1622:a youtube on building a catenary arch
1047:
405:
1612:A youtube, all about catenary arches
1597:More on the catenary, used in arches
1145:"How the Gateway arch got its Shape"
916:The Secrets of the Florentine Dome:
291:
875:"Maths in a minute: St Paul's dome"
586:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis
493:in Sweden employs catenary arches.
322:
13:
918:The Secrets of the Florentine Dome
542:has the shape of a catenary arch.
14:
1663:
1570:
899:Nora Hamerman and Claudio Rossi.
564:
505:has the form of a catenary arch.
250:
1260:Dan Cruickshank (2 April 2008).
603:have a catenary cross-section.
554:is a suspended catenary curve.
241:, who used many catenary arches
1441:"Denver International Airport"
1098:"The Dimensions of Kolob Arch"
1048:Handy, Richard L. (Dec 1973).
977:"The Geometry of Antoni Gaudi"
920:, accessdate: January 25, 2017
707:
666:Handy, Richard L. (May 2011).
100:, which forms a catenary curve
51:arch that follows an inverted
1:
1111:Cincinnati Cache Collectors.
653:
344:
84:
1207:. 2 May 2016. Archived from
782:"The inverted catenary arch"
697:"The enigma of Robert Hooke"
633:Mathematics and architecture
559:Denver International Airport
519:
124:is in perfect equilibrium".
7:
1504:"musgum earth architecture"
1127:"Modern Steel Construction"
606:
591:
545:
186:
104:The 17th-century scientist
10:
1668:
714:Jefferson, Thomas (1830).
508:One famous example is the
496:
392:
200:St Paul's Cathedral's dome
140:runs through its center.
1587:Twisted Physics reference
484:
395:Igloo § Construction
388:
1454:David W. Dunlap (1926).
732:"St. Louis Gateway Arch"
643:Simple suspension bridge
579:
443:
436:(clocháns) of Ireland’s
373:
300:in the American city of
849:"The British Architect"
418:forms a catenary arch.
245:Church of Colònia Güell
192:Cathedrals and churches
531:
474:
464:
425:is a burial vault, of
416:Keleti Railway Station
370:used catenary arches.
360:
341:has a catenary shape.
334:
308:) is a catenary arch.
280:in high-stress areas.
270:Rainbow Natural Bridge
266:
201:
101:
40:
28:
1652:Catholic architecture
1647:Architectural history
1602:A few catenary arches
901:"Brunelleschi's Dome"
736:enchantedlearning.com
527:
481:has catenary arches.
470:
451:
393:Further information:
352:
330:
272:in the U.S. state of
258:
206:King’s College Chapel
199:
175:designed the dome of
128:Structural properties
92:
34:
22:
1395:Chris J K Williams.
1233:Ken Nagakui (1926).
1023:barcelonaturisme.com
830:Karl Robin Nilsson.
648:Steel catenary riser
574:Pennsylvania Station
181:Kings College Chapel
163:In the 15th century
96:, holding a hanging
1484:on 21 November 2019
1371:"Suspension Bridge"
1069:10.14430/arctic2926
952:"The Catenary Arch"
227:has catenary arches
220:Brunelleschi's Dome
177:St Paul's Cathedral
1506:. 18 February 2010
1478:minneapolisfed.org
1460:The New York Times
1346:"Icehotel - facts"
672:American Scientist
532:
475:
465:
406:Other architecture
361:
335:
267:
210:Cambridge, England
202:
169:Florence Cathedral
115:A note written by
102:
41:
29:
1642:Arches and vaults
1533:on 4 January 2017
1143:Robert Osserman.
1002:"Catenary Method"
701:Quantum Frontiers
317:weighted catenary
292:Human-made arches
63:in stone vaulted
1659:
1617:A second youtube
1592:Used in building
1565:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1553:"Masonry Design"
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1529:. Archived from
1525:Katy Purviance.
1522:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1480:. Archived from
1470:
1464:
1463:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1425:. Archived from
1423:"Dulles Airport"
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1402:. Archived from
1401:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1383:
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1367:
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1360:
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1342:
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1289:
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1273:
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1268:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1237:. Archived from
1230:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1213:
1206:
1202:"Platinum Plaza"
1198:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1178:. Archived from
1172:
1166:
1165:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1113:"Landscape Arch"
1108:
1102:
1101:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1077:
1071:. Archived from
1054:
1045:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1006:
998:
992:
991:
989:
987:
973:
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966:
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956:naturalhomes.org
948:
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871:
865:
864:
862:
860:
845:
839:
838:
836:
827:
821:
820:
818:
812:. Archived from
811:
803:
797:
796:
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792:
778:
772:
771:
769:
767:
753:
747:
746:
744:
742:
728:
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721:
711:
705:
704:
693:
687:
686:
684:
683:
674:. Archived from
663:
458:Dingle Peninsula
339:Saqqara ostracon
332:Saqqara ostracon
323:Ancient Egyptian
237:was designed by
235:Barcelona, Spain
173:Christopher Wren
154:Dingle Peninsula
117:Thomas Jefferson
1667:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1632:
1631:
1627:Another youtube
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1421:Jackie Craven.
1418:
1414:
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1399:
1393:
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1379:
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1369:
1368:
1364:
1354:
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1344:
1343:
1339:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1318:"Beehive Homes"
1316:
1315:
1311:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1266:
1264:
1258:
1254:
1244:
1242:
1241:on 24 June 2016
1235:"Kiln Building"
1231:
1227:
1217:
1215:
1214:on 23 June 2016
1211:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1183:
1182:on 23 June 2016
1174:
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1159:
1155:
1147:
1141:
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1125:
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1096:Jay H. Wilbur.
1094:
1090:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1052:
1046:
1037:
1027:
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1019:"Colònia Güell"
1017:
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712:
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695:
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681:
679:
664:
660:
656:
609:
601:musgum mud huts
594:
582:
567:
548:
522:
503:catenary bridge
499:
487:
456:(a clochan) on
446:
438:Skellig Michael
408:
397:
391:
376:
364:Marquette Plaza
354:Marquette Plaza
347:
337:The unfinished
325:
294:
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194:
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130:
87:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1579:
1572:
1571:External links
1569:
1567:
1566:
1544:
1517:
1495:
1465:
1446:
1432:
1429:on 2016-05-05.
1412:
1409:on 2017-01-04.
1387:
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1103:
1088:
1063:(4): 276–281.
1035:
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909:
891:
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822:
819:on 2016-04-25.
798:
773:
748:
723:
706:
688:
657:
655:
652:
651:
650:
645:
640:
638:Parabolic arch
635:
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581:
578:
566:
565:Train stations
563:
547:
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498:
495:
486:
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462:Kerry, Ireland
445:
442:
410:The inside of
407:
404:
390:
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346:
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324:
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293:
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286:Landscape Arch
260:Landscape Arch
252:
251:Natural arches
249:
248:
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242:
228:
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217:
215:St Paul's Dome
212:
193:
190:
188:
185:
138:line of thrust
129:
126:
86:
83:
79:parabolic arch
77:. It is not a
53:catenary curve
37:catenary curve
15:
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1610:
1608:
1607:An experiment
1605:
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1555:. 11 May 2010
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1107:
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1092:
1078:on 2016-03-04
1074:
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932:
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678:on 2016-04-23
677:
673:
669:
662:
658:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
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631:
629:
628:Lancet window
626:
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621:
619:
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611:
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589:
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575:
571:
570:New York City
562:
560:
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541:
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526:
517:
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511:
510:An-Lan Bridge
506:
504:
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459:
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439:
435:
434:beehive homes
430:
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383:cross-section
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58:
54:
50:
49:architectural
47:is a type of
46:
45:catenary arch
38:
33:
27:catenary arch
26:
21:
1557:. Retrieved
1547:
1535:. Retrieved
1531:the original
1520:
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1498:
1486:. Retrieved
1482:the original
1477:
1468:
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1427:the original
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1390:
1378:. Retrieved
1374:
1365:
1353:. Retrieved
1349:
1340:
1332:"Rice House"
1326:
1312:
1304:"Nubian Ton"
1298:
1286:. Retrieved
1277:
1265:. Retrieved
1255:
1243:. Retrieved
1239:the original
1228:
1216:. Retrieved
1209:the original
1196:
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1180:the original
1170:
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1060:
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857:. Retrieved
852:
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801:
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786:zonedome.com
785:
776:
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761:strath.ac.uk
760:
751:
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735:
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716:
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676:the original
671:
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454:beehive home
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313:aspect ratio
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298:Gateway Arch
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239:Antoni Gaudi
165:Brunelleschi
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156:, Ireland.
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106:Robert Hooke
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94:Robert Hooke
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1559:23 December
1397:"Taq Kasra"
1375:uoregon.edu
623:Gothic arch
613:Arch bridge
368:Minneapolis
358:Minneapolis
225:Casa BatllĂł
72:Renaissance
1636:Categories
1283:"Budapest"
1082:2017-01-15
853:google.com
682:2016-04-17
654:References
479:Rice House
472:Rice House
423:Nubian ton
345:High-rises
282:Kolob Arch
278:weathering
85:In history
68:cathedrals
61:buttresses
879:maths.org
540:Taq Kasra
529:Taq Kasra
520:Monuments
302:St. Louis
231:Casa Mila
146:Taq Kasra
1488:27 April
1380:27 April
1355:27 April
1350:ICEHOTEL
1245:30 April
1028:27 April
986:27 April
961:27 April
884:27 April
859:27 April
791:27 April
766:27 April
741:27 April
618:Catenary
607:See also
597:Cameroon
592:Mud huts
546:Airports
491:Icehotel
412:Budapest
306:Missouri
187:Examples
122:catenary
108:wrote: "
25:mudbrick
1164:. 1926.
981:slu.edu
584:On the
497:Bridges
311:Due to
152:of the
70:and in
1057:Arctic
855:. 1887
538:, the
485:Hotels
400:Igloos
389:Igloos
65:Gothic
57:vaults
1537:2 May
1510:2 May
1407:(PDF)
1400:(PDF)
1288:8 May
1267:1 May
1218:2 May
1212:(PDF)
1205:(PDF)
1186:2 May
1148:(PDF)
1130:(PDF)
1076:(PDF)
1053:(PDF)
1005:(PDF)
936:2 May
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835:(PDF)
817:(PDF)
810:(PDF)
580:Banks
514:China
512:, in
444:Homes
427:Nubia
379:Kilns
374:Kilns
233:, in
208:, in
98:chain
75:domes
1561:2016
1539:2016
1512:2016
1490:2016
1382:2016
1357:2016
1290:2016
1269:2016
1247:2016
1220:2016
1188:2016
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988:2016
963:2016
938:2016
886:2016
861:2016
793:2016
768:2016
743:2016
536:Iraq
489:The
477:The
432:The
421:The
296:The
284:and
274:Utah
264:Utah
59:and
1065:doi
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