50:
603:
624:
348:
756:
542:
34:
457:
489:
600 acres (2.4 km) of wild mossland, 209 acres (0.85 km) of partly cultivated mossland, 282 acres (1.14 km) of mossland under cultivation and 10 acres (40,000 m) of incomplete roads. A number of brick buildings were included, along with
Asphodel Farm and Ash Farm, both with wooden farmhouses. The corporation rented 700 acres (2.8 km) of land in small holdings to local farmers and kept 400 acres (1.6 km) for itself.
57:
691:, for workers and their families. By 1985 the Shell plant had a turnover of about £200M and employed 1,150 people, but a major restructuring of the business reduced the workforce to less than 500 by 1986. By 1994, four distinct plants operated on the 3,500-acre (14 km) site, producing a range of chemicals, and materials including
488:
rivers, at Holt Town sewage works. It paid about £38,000 (£5 million as of 2024), for the site, but the bog's depth, between 17 and 20 feet or 5.2 and 6.1 metres deep pushed the total development cost to almost £94,000 (£13 million as of 2024). The 1,101-acre (446 ha) estate included
615:
and lairage facilities. In 1923, manure of only moderate value was being delivered, supplemented by sulphate of potash, sulphate of ammonia, and super-phosphates. Altrincham Sewage Farm (visible on the above map) was used to flood the surrounding fields with sewage water. To the west, a series of
1110:
were recorded in 2003. The reduction in the population of these and similar birds is attributed to modern farming methods, the loss of broad hedgerows, and the lack of winter stubble. Action for Nature in
Trafford has therefore included the site in its Biodiversity Action Plan. The group intends to
376:
personal name. A Carrington Hall, seat of the
Carrington family (descended from William de Caryngton) once existed to the north of Carrington Moss, at the junction formed by the modern-day A6144 and B5158 roads. The word moss, first used during the 15th century, forms part of the local name for a
935:
Carrington Moss is a lowland raised bog. The area drains slowly, which slows the decomposition of plant life and leads to the accumulation of peat. Over thousands of years this raises the level of peat and forms a gently sloping dome (hence, raised). Such areas support a wide range of flora and
589:
in 1895. By 1897, 37,082 long tons of nightsoil, 587 long tons of sweepings and litter and 11,673 long tons of cinders were being sent to
Carrington. Various crops were grown on the land, including wheat, oats, potatoes and carrots. A variety of ornamental shrubs, including
663:
In 1948, the estate was valued at £82,615. In the year ending March 1971, it produced an income of £20,268. By that time the entire Moss had been fully reclaimed; 872.785 acres (3.53204 km) of cultivated land, 39.012 acres (157,880 m) of roads and plantations, and 30.140 acres
533:
line. The canal company installed a temporary dock on the new canal, although this was considered impractical and was rarely used. A more permanent arrangement was made several years later. New railway sidings were also built; once complete, refuse was loaded from near
179:
610:
By the 1930s, extensive use of the water closet meant that the amount of night soil being delivered to
Carrington Moss had dropped significantly. During this period, the majority of refuse placed on the Moss came from ash bins, although some was from
1825:
834:
803:
643:'s request, much of the infrastructure supporting both Carrington Moss and Chat Moss was sold. The sidings at Carrington continued to be used by the CLC for waggon storage, but Carrington Wharf was subsumed in 1946 by the construction of
659:
for the operational crew and several combustible devices used to simulate fires and lights. The site was activated in
December 1940 but closed several years later, following a reduction in enemy aircraft attacks and lack of manpower.
509:
and other materials brought from the city. Drains were laid and the land cleared of scrub. A water supply was also installed. Some of the more dangerous buildings were demolished, while others were either repaired or replaced.
492:
The bog's virgin moss was cultivated and drainage channels cut through at regular intervals, the first step in the area's reclamation. This drainage caused the characteristically convex Moss to sag noticeably; some residents of
576:
By the 1890s, over 70,000 long tons of excrement annually were being disposed of on the moss. The land was a useful source of income for
Manchester; for the year ending 31 March 1900 the estate made a profit of £777
774:
2072:
2022:
385:
Manchester's population increased by more than 150% between 1831 and 1851. This placed considerable pressure on the city's ability to dispose of refuse, exacerbated during the 1870s by a gradual switch from the older
1912:
521:, the corporation was reliant on Manchester's local railway network. Refuse was loaded at the corporation's Water Street Depot on to Cornbrook sidings and in waggons to Carrington on a junction from the
1393:
Varying figures are to be found for the purchase price – the
Cleansing Committee 1971 visit booklet states £39,165 but no figure is given for the total cost, therefore only approximate figures from
832:
801:
703:. In 2005 it was reported that Shell would close their polyols and ethoxylates units, a decision which came into effect in 2007. The estate is currently managed by chartered surveyors Bell Ingram.
1831:
772:
833:
802:
671:
Industrialisation of the moss took place from 1947–1952 when Petro-Carbon ltd began to build what would later become known as the Shell Site. The estate was leased on 1 October 1968 to
328:
and in the latter half of the 20th century a large industrial complex was built along its northern edge. More recently, several sporting facilities have been built on
Carrington Moss.
2122:
1598:
773:
1372:
Holt Town was an area to the east of
Manchester, along the River Medlock. The "sanitary works" are visible on late 19th-century Ordnance Survey maps, along Upper Helena Street
668:, arable farming, and glasshouse culture. No refuse was delivered for the year ending March 1971, and the Moss had by that time taken a total of 1,305,822 tons of refuse.
460:
A 1937 map of Carrington Moss, with the boundary of the Carrington Moss Estate overlaid in green. The tramway network is clearly visible, including the connection to the
445:, but Carrington Moss was chosen due to the nature of its land and its accessibility. Therefore, in 1886, the corporation bought the Carrington Moss Estate—an area of
88:
1090:. The trust also manages a small nature reserve located within Manchester United's training ground. This provides a habitat for a number of species including the
1236:
115:
538:
and the corporation's Water Street Depot. It was then transported along the Ship Canal to a newly built wharf, and thereafter, by tramway across the moss.
1343:
585:(by comparison, the larger Chat Moss made £2,591 13s 4d). Its success helped persuade Manchester Corporation to purchase 2,583 acres of nearby
911:, about 10,000 years ago. The combination of the flat topography and the underlying clay resulted in extensive peat bogs developing along the
203:
1628:
1571:
2355:
Evans, E. Price (1923), "Carrington Moss, with Special Reference to the Weeds of Arable Ground, Journal of Ecology, Vol. 11, No. 1 (May 1923)",
49:
1884:
891:(53.42056, 2.38778), 65.6 feet (20.0 m) above sea level, Carrington Moss lies along the southern edge of the Lancashire Plain, an area of
1937:
2206:
2131:
825:
794:
942:, a medium-sized bog moss, was recorded on Carrington Moss in the 1880s, although locally it is now presumed to be extinct. Bog asphodel (
1200:
245:
2670:
196:
1634:
1577:
2389:
Country rambles, and Manchester walks and wild flowers: being rural wanderings in Cheshire, Lancashire, Derbyshire, & Yorkshire
736:, is located nearby. Because of the Moss's history as a dumping ground for waste, bottle diggers often frequent the area. Several
2179:
1913:"Science: Atomic policeman's never-ending beat: Tom Wilkie spends a day with a man whose job is protecting workers from radiation"
1275:
301:. It occupies an area of about 1,100 acres (450 ha). The depth of peat varies between 17 and 20 feet (5.2 and 6.1 m).
863:
2233:
2601:
2476:
2405:
530:
517:, until that waterway was closed on 11 November 1888. For several years until the completion of its replacement, the
237:
377:
lowland peat bog, "mosslands". Today the term is also used to describe former bogs that have been converted to farmland.
765:
191:
549:
Once delivered, refuse was normally placed in heaps and allowed to dry before being put into the ground. The naturally
1242:
737:
336:
2621:
2583:
2554:
2534:
2514:
2496:
2456:
2436:
2312:
1086:, are often seen. The area is part of Shell's estate, covering about 15 acres (61,000 m) of land managed by the
433:
became part of the City of Manchester. To cope with the extra demands placed on the area's refuse disposal systems,
2045:
1043:
582:
450:
227:
151:
2680:
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688:
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plant in 1958 and began to produce polyether polyols the following year. Council housing was built nearby, at
498:
286:
2644:
2637:
964:), and the cotton sedge have also been recorded. In 1923 species of trees recorded by E. Price Evans for the
335:
have been established within its bounds. Parts of Carrington Moss are accessible to the public over several
81:
2323:
Visit of Members of the Cleansing Committee to the Carrington and Chat Moss Estates on Monday 14th June 1971
1943:
2336:
514:
422:
208:
535:
1999:
1173:
729:
526:
1006:
232:
184:
1890:
2665:
1030:
714:
644:
522:
165:
2383:
2279:
Birks, H. J. B. (1965), "Late-glacial deposits at Bagmere, Cheshire, and Chat Moss, Lancashire",
2212:
1087:
1806:
1209:
1058:
trees, as well as various species of flora and fauna. The small mammal population includes the
920:
710:
434:
316:
and the disposal of Manchester's waste. A system of tramways was built to connect it with the
602:
1117:
944:
518:
461:
317:
2325:, Manchester Library, Local Studies, 628.44 Mal: Manchester Corporation Cleansing Department
664:(121,970 m) of 'industrial area' were available for use. The principal land uses were
437:
began to look for disposal sites. A number of locations were considered, including one on
2185:
1067:
1018:
733:
502:
97:
8:
2387:
1178:, Oxford English Dictionary (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press, 1989, archived from
960:
652:
606:
A drainage ditch at Carrington Moss. The Shell Chemicals plant is visible on the horizon.
2564:
2372:
2293:
1411:
1107:
1012:
976:
640:
372:, a fortress, but a more recent theory is that it derives from an Anglicised form of a
365:
355:
290:
141:
133:
123:
70:
1542:
Located along the south bank of the Irwell, directly opposite the Wilburn Street basin
1281:
639:, five miles (8 km) of railway were lifted and all the waggons scrapped. At the
468:
The purchase was part of the corporation's ultimately unsuccessful plan to retain the
2617:
2597:
2579:
2550:
2530:
2510:
2492:
2472:
2452:
2432:
2330:
2308:
1964:
950:
2239:
476:), and followed a public scandal created by the daily dumping of 30–60 tons of
2364:
2288:
1102:. Carrington Moss is home to the only recorded pairs of breeding grey partridge in
1091:
1024:
988:
982:
892:
809:
785:
781:
721:
656:
636:
566:
321:
309:
651:—decoy targets for enemy aircraft. Operational control was the responsibility of
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347:
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2426:
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994:
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Refuse was loaded from a number of locations and was first transported along the
506:
442:
332:
1422:
1418:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"
1099:
1063:
924:
841:
817:
741:
704:
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612:
541:
2659:
2235:
Biodiversity – click relevant links for specific information on wildlife
1125:
occurring in southern and north-west England) has been observed in the area.
1000:
970:
900:
878:
865:
813:
700:
648:
647:. During the war, the moss became one of four sites in Manchester used as a
565:
compounds and free ammonia, which neutralised the soil's acidity and created
481:
325:
260:
247:
33:
1112:
1095:
1079:
912:
904:
696:
594:, were grown in a nursery and used in the parks and gardens of Manchester.
591:
485:
473:
456:
294:
2304:
Waste location: spatial aspects of waste management, hazards, and disposal
1344:"Reclamation Of Bog Land Difficulties Of Elevation, The Lancashire Mosses"
635:
Carrington Wharf had fallen out of use by 1934 and with the advent of the
2428:
Citizen science: a study of people, expertise and sustainable development
2404:
Hind, S. H.; McWilliam, S.; Shaw, B. T.; Farrell, S.; Wander, A. (2001),
2051:
692:
570:
553:
water was a perfect receptacle for the contents of pail closets, rich in
494:
477:
469:
391:
373:
2641:
2376:
1059:
852:
550:
418:
395:
298:
998:). Several species of ground vegetation included creeping soft grass (
1606:
1351:
955:
916:
915:
Valley, and overflowing beyond the valley. Along with large parts of
725:
617:
586:
426:
414:
407:
2507:
Manchester's Narrow Gauge Railways: Chat Moss and Carrington Estates
2368:
1202:
Nature Conservation and Biodiversity Supplementary Planning Document
1103:
938:
578:
562:
558:
430:
399:
305:
105:
1071:
908:
438:
387:
364:(1898) claims that the name Carrington might be derived from the
313:
157:
1055:
446:
1179:
1111:
develop Carrington Moss as a home for other species, such as
1075:
1051:
1047:
665:
403:
919:
and Holcroft Moss, Carrington Moss began to form during the
1942:, processengineering.co.uk, 2 December 2005, archived from
1122:
896:
554:
903:
period. These rocks are themselves overlaid by a layer of
679:
plant along the moss's northern edge. Shell had built an
394:. These needed to be emptied regularly and by the 1880s,
1280:, Greater Manchester County Record Office, archived from
282:
2403:
2262:
2301:
Clark, Michael; Smith, Denis; Blowers, Andrew (1992),
2576:
Luftwaffe Over Manchester: The Blitz Years 1940–1944
2320:
1792:
1729:
1558:
1515:
1443:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1301:
707:operate the last remaining chemical plant on site.
1820:
1818:
1241:, salford.gov.uk, 25 November 2008, archived from
2300:
1666:
1208:, Salford City Council, p. 7, archived from
2657:
2130:, plantlife.org.uk, 5 March 2004, archived from
1827:Propylene oxide and derivatives: a Shell history
1811:, Shell Carrington Joint Shop Stewards Committee
1511:
1509:
1469:
1467:
1331:
398:accounted for about 75% of Manchester's 200,000
2001:New Training Facility for Bury Football Club...
1815:
1788:
1786:
1406:
1404:
561:. Bacteria quickly broke the refuse down into
501:previously obscured by the moss. A network of
331:The land is still used for farming and several
16:Area of peat bog in Greater Manchester, England
1725:
1723:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1526:
1524:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1506:
1464:
2566:The Preservation and Destruction of Contagia
2484:
2468:A History of Flixton, Urmston, and Davyhulme
1863:
1783:
1496:
1494:
1401:
1144:
1142:
362:A History of Flixton, Urmston, and Davyhulme
1808:A Brief History of Carrington Site S.C.U.K.
1720:
1545:
1521:
1454:
1452:
1437:
1231:
1229:
724:in 2000, on land formerly owned by Shell.
312:in the latter half of the 19th century for
1869:
2292:
1491:
1414:inflation figures are based on data from
1139:
620:Sewage Beds, a further source of manure.
2504:
2363:(1), British Ecological Society: 64–77,
2093:
2091:
1765:
1702:
1530:
1449:
1262:
1226:
747:
622:
601:
540:
455:
346:
2448:The Geomorphology of north-west England
2444:
2382:
2238:, actionfornature.co.uk, archived from
2154:
2109:
1398:newspaper are included in this article.
497:commented that they could see parts of
56:
2658:
2594:The Official Manchester United Almanac
2522:
2464:
2343:
2211:, wildlifetrust.org.uk, archived from
2184:, wildlifetrust.org.uk, archived from
1910:
1654:
1633:, old-maps.co.uk, 1938, archived from
1599:"The Board Of Trade And Railway Rates"
1576:, old-maps.co.uk, 1938, archived from
1160:
1148:
980:). Undergrowth included common hazel (
297:, 10 miles (16 km) south-west of
2591:
2573:
2562:
2542:
2424:
2354:
2278:
2166:
2097:
2088:
1986:
1851:
1777:
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1741:
1714:
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1500:
1485:
1473:
1415:
1381:
1325:
1313:
2609:
2485:Lundy, Olive; Cowling, Alan (1996),
1458:
304:Originally an unused area of grouse
2596:(1 ed.), London: Orion Books,
2488:Strategic human resource management
2074:OS Landranger Map – Manchester
2050:, carrington-rc.com, archived from
1882:
1804:
320:and a nearby railway line. In the
13:
2529:, Manchester University Press ND,
2451:, Manchester University Press ND,
2294:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1965.tb05396.x
1889:, bellingram.co.uk, archived from
930:
851:Problems playing these files? See
812:in the distance, accompanied by a
754:
14:
2692:
2671:Environment of Greater Manchester
2642:Manchester Local Image Collection
2631:
2592:White, John D. T. (29 May 2008),
2509:, Narrow Gauge Railway Society,
2287:(2), Blackwell Publishing: 270,
2004:, buryfc.co.uk, 24 February 2015
840:A wren, and singing distantly a
830:
799:
770:
505:and roads was constructed using
451:Harry Grey, 8th Earl of Stamford
55:
48:
32:
2638:Carrington Moss ammunition dump
2549:, University of Chicago Press,
2407:Lepidoptera in Cheshire in 2001
2392:, Manchester, Palmer & Howe
2256:
2226:
2199:
2172:
2160:
2148:
2115:
2103:
2065:
2038:
2015:
1992:
1980:
1957:
1930:
1904:
1857:
1845:
1798:
1771:
1759:
1747:
1735:
1708:
1696:
1684:
1672:
1667:Clark, Smith & Blowers 1992
1660:
1648:
1621:
1591:
1564:
1536:
1479:
1387:
1375:
1366:
1319:
1046:is a small woodland containing
597:
380:
2445:Johnson, Richard Hugh (1985),
2077:, leisure.ordnancesurvey.co.uk
2027:, leisure.ordnancesurvey.co.uk
1307:
1295:
1268:
1256:
1193:
1166:
1154:
675:, who in 1957 had purchased a
472:system (now superseded by the
390:methods of sewage disposal to
1:
2563:Poore, George Vivian (1902),
1630:1938 – Cheshire 1:10,560
1610:, p. 12, 7 February 1890
1573:1938 – Cheshire 1:10,560
1128:
569:—an essential fertiliser for
545:Ashton Road, a former tramway
2413:, cheshire-butterflies.co.uk
2321:Cleansing Committee (1971),
2024:OS Landranger Map—Manchester
1277:Greater Manchester Gazetteer
744:school operates in the area.
515:Mersey and Irwell Navigation
7:
2574:Smith, Peter J. C. (2003),
1911:Wilkie, Tom (16 May 1994),
1830:, shell.com, archived from
1355:, p. 15, 17 April 1933
536:Oldham Road railway station
82:OS grid reference
21:Human settlement in England
10:
2697:
2344:Dolman, Frederick (1895),
1034:), and cat-o'-nine-tails (
907:deposited during the last
730:Carrington Training Centre
342:
38:Farming at Carrington Moss
2610:Wohl, Anthony S. (1984),
2569:, Longmans, Green, and co
2543:Platt, Harold L. (2005),
2505:Nicholls, Robert (1985),
2465:Lawson, Richard (2009) ,
1007:Hyacinthoides non-scripta
740:exist on the land, and a
655:. The site contained an
616:disused marl-pits formed
324:, the land was used as a
218:
214:
202:
190:
178:
174:
164:
150:
132:
114:
98:Metropolitan borough
96:
80:
43:
31:
26:
2616:, Taylor & Francis,
2335:: CS1 maint: location (
2047:Carrington Riding Centre
1864:Lundy & Cowling 1996
1793:Cleansing Committee 1971
1730:Cleansing Committee 1971
1559:Cleansing Committee 1971
1516:Cleansing Committee 1971
1444:Cleansing Committee 1971
1302:Cleansing Committee 1971
1031:Alisma plantago-aquatica
766:"Birdsong on Birch Road"
715:Trafford Training Centre
645:Carrington Power Station
523:Cheshire Lines Committee
293:, England, south of the
116:Metropolitan county
2526:The Origins of Cheshire
1602:(Registration required)
1416:Clark, Gregory (2017).
1347:(Registration required)
1088:Cheshire Wildlife Trust
992:), and European holly (
732:, formerly occupied by
2647:18 August 2007 at the
2523:Nigham, N. J. (1994),
2350:, Taylor & Francis
2347:Municipalities at Work
968:included English oak (
759:
632:
607:
546:
465:
435:Manchester Corporation
358:
2681:History of Manchester
2676:Geography of Trafford
2471:, BiblioBazaar, LLC,
1118:Stigmella continuella
1062:, which attract both
948:), white beak-sedge (
945:Narthecium ossifragum
899:laid down during the
758:
748:Geography and ecology
626:
605:
544:
531:Stockport Tiviot Dale
519:Manchester Ship Canal
462:Manchester Ship Canal
459:
350:
318:Manchester Ship Canal
2425:Irwin, Alan (1995),
1969:, lyondellbasell.com
1245:on 28 September 2008
1019:Mercurialis perennis
1010:), common foxglove (
1004:), common bluebell (
879:53.42056°N 2.38778°W
734:Manchester City F.C.
413:Along with parts of
166:Sovereign state
2578:, Neil Richardson,
2245:on 3 September 2011
2188:on 21 November 2010
2054:on 18 February 2010
1886:Shell at Carrington
1693:, pp. 118, 122
1637:on 5 September 2012
1580:on 6 September 2012
1215:on 25 February 2009
974:), and common ash (
961:Andromeda polifolia
875: /
826:"Birch Moss Covert"
795:"Birch Moss Covert"
653:RAF Balloon Command
281:is a large area of
257: /
2357:Journal of Ecology
2208:Manchester Utd plc
2137:on 7 November 2007
1866:, pp. 345–346
1717:, pp. 120–121
1476:, pp. 116–117
1412:Retail Price Index
1384:, pp. 397–400
1108:Eurasian bullfinch
1016:), dog's mercury (
1013:Digitalis purpurea
977:Fraxinus excelsior
966:Journal of Ecology
923:from 7100 to 5000
884:53.42056; -2.38778
788:at Carrington Moss
760:
641:Ministry of Supply
633:
631:at Carrington Moss
608:
547:
466:
359:
352:On Carrington Moss
291:Greater Manchester
261:53.4205°N 2.3877°W
238:Greater Manchester
197:Greater Manchester
185:Greater Manchester
124:Greater Manchester
71:Greater Manchester
2603:978-0-7528-9192-7
2478:978-1-103-05928-7
2181:Birch Moss Covert
2124:Sphagnum Balticum
1044:Birch Moss Covert
1028:), mad-dog weed (
951:Rhynchospora alba
939:Sphagnum balticum
893:Bunter sandstones
835:
804:
775:
711:Manchester United
276:
275:
2688:
2626:
2613:Endangered Lives
2606:
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2421:
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2399:
2397:
2379:
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2340:
2334:
2326:
2317:
2297:
2296:
2266:
2263:Hind et al. 2001
2260:
2254:
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2252:
2250:
2244:
2230:
2224:
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2203:
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2170:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2136:
2129:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2009:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1946:on 14 March 2012
1939:Shell shuts shop
1934:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1893:on 4 August 2009
1883:Bewsher, Simon,
1880:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1768:, pp. 48–49
1763:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1664:
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1652:
1646:
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1625:
1619:
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1568:
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1513:
1504:
1498:
1489:
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1471:
1462:
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1447:
1441:
1435:
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1408:
1399:
1391:
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1379:
1373:
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1362:
1360:
1348:
1340:
1329:
1323:
1317:
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1299:
1293:
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1266:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1233:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1214:
1207:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1025:Iris pseudacorus
989:Rubus fruticosus
983:Corylus avellana
958:, bog-rosemary (
921:Flandrian period
890:
889:
887:
886:
885:
880:
876:
873:
872:
871:
868:
837:
836:
806:
805:
786:common chaffinch
777:
776:
757:
657:air raid shelter
637:Second World War
567:ammonium nitrate
322:Second World War
272:
271:
269:
268:
267:
266:53.4205; -2.3877
262:
258:
255:
254:
253:
250:
224:
160:
92:
91:
69:Location within
59:
58:
52:
36:
24:
23:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2666:Bogs of England
2656:
2655:
2649:Wayback Machine
2634:
2629:
2624:
2604:
2586:
2557:
2537:
2517:
2499:
2479:
2459:
2439:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2395:
2393:
2384:Grindon, Leo H.
2369:10.2307/2255603
2328:
2327:
2315:
2281:New Phytologist
2269:
2261:
2257:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2218:
2216:
2215:on 23 July 2011
2205:
2204:
2200:
2191:
2189:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2165:
2161:
2153:
2149:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2108:
2104:
2096:
2089:
2080:
2078:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2057:
2055:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2030:
2028:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2007:
2005:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1985:
1981:
1972:
1970:
1966:Carrington Site
1963:
1962:
1958:
1949:
1947:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1922:
1920:
1917:The Independent
1909:
1905:
1896:
1894:
1881:
1870:
1862:
1858:
1850:
1846:
1837:
1835:
1824:
1823:
1816:
1805:Charles, Wilf,
1803:
1799:
1791:
1784:
1776:
1772:
1764:
1760:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1736:
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1640:
1638:
1627:
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1613:
1611:
1601:
1597:
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1583:
1581:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1557:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1529:
1522:
1514:
1507:
1499:
1492:
1484:
1480:
1472:
1465:
1457:
1450:
1442:
1438:
1428:
1426:
1409:
1402:
1392:
1388:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1358:
1356:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1332:
1324:
1320:
1312:
1308:
1300:
1296:
1287:
1285:
1284:on 18 July 2011
1274:
1273:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1248:
1246:
1235:
1234:
1227:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1185:
1183:
1182:on 25 June 2006
1172:
1171:
1167:
1159:
1155:
1147:
1140:
1131:
1106:. Six pairs of
1037:Typha latifolia
995:Ilex aquifolium
986:), blackberry (
933:
931:Flora and fauna
883:
881:
877:
874:
869:
866:
864:
862:
861:
858:
857:
849:
847:
846:
845:
844:
838:
831:
828:
822:
821:
820:
807:
800:
797:
791:
790:
789:
778:
771:
768:
761:
755:
750:
718:training ground
677:propylene oxide
673:Shell Chemicals
629:common pheasant
613:slaughterhouses
600:
443:Nottinghamshire
441:and another in
383:
366:Goidelic Celtic
345:
333:nature reserves
308:, the moss was
279:Carrington Moss
265:
263:
259:
256:
251:
248:
246:
244:
243:
242:
222:
156:
146:
128:
110:
87:
86:
76:
75:
74:
73:
67:
66:
65:
64:
63:Carrington Moss
60:
39:
27:Carrington Moss
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2694:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2652:
2651:
2633:
2632:External links
2630:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2607:
2602:
2589:
2584:
2571:
2560:
2555:
2540:
2535:
2520:
2515:
2502:
2497:
2482:
2477:
2462:
2457:
2442:
2437:
2422:
2401:
2380:
2352:
2341:
2318:
2313:
2298:
2275:
2268:
2267:
2255:
2225:
2198:
2171:
2159:
2147:
2114:
2102:
2087:
2064:
2037:
2014:
1991:
1979:
1956:
1929:
1903:
1868:
1856:
1844:
1834:on 6 June 2012
1814:
1797:
1782:
1770:
1758:
1746:
1734:
1719:
1707:
1695:
1683:
1671:
1659:
1647:
1620:
1590:
1563:
1544:
1535:
1520:
1518:, pp. 6–7
1505:
1490:
1478:
1463:
1448:
1436:
1423:MeasuringWorth
1400:
1386:
1374:
1365:
1330:
1318:
1306:
1294:
1267:
1255:
1225:
1192:
1165:
1153:
1137:
1130:
1127:
1121:(a species of
1100:grey partridge
932:
929:
895:overlaid with
848:
842:European robin
839:
829:
824:
823:
818:willow warbler
808:
798:
793:
792:
779:
769:
764:
763:
762:
753:
752:
751:
749:
746:
705:LyondellBasell
681:ethylene oxide
599:
596:
449:moorland—from
402:(200,000
382:
379:
344:
341:
274:
273:
241:
240:
235:
230:
225:
223:List of places
219:
216:
215:
212:
211:
206:
200:
199:
194:
188:
187:
182:
176:
175:
172:
171:
170:United Kingdom
168:
162:
161:
154:
148:
147:
145:
144:
138:
136:
130:
129:
127:
126:
120:
118:
112:
111:
109:
108:
102:
100:
94:
93:
84:
78:
77:
68:
62:
61:
54:
53:
47:
46:
45:
44:
41:
40:
37:
29:
28:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2693:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2625:
2623:0-416-37950-8
2619:
2615:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2599:
2595:
2590:
2587:
2585:1-85216-151-5
2581:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2561:
2558:
2556:0-226-67076-7
2552:
2548:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2536:0-7190-3159-1
2532:
2528:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2516:0-9507169-2-8
2512:
2508:
2503:
2500:
2498:0-415-09989-7
2494:
2491:, Routledge,
2490:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2458:0-7190-1745-9
2454:
2450:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2438:0-415-11548-5
2434:
2431:, Routledge,
2430:
2429:
2423:
2409:
2408:
2402:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2324:
2319:
2316:
2314:0-415-04824-9
2310:
2307:, Routledge,
2306:
2305:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2264:
2259:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2229:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2202:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2163:
2156:
2151:
2133:
2126:
2125:
2118:
2112:, p. 308
2111:
2106:
2100:, p. 270
2099:
2094:
2092:
2076:
2075:
2068:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2041:
2026:
2025:
2018:
2003:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1983:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1933:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1865:
1860:
1853:
1848:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1821:
1819:
1810:
1809:
1801:
1794:
1789:
1787:
1779:
1774:
1767:
1766:Nicholls 1985
1762:
1755:
1750:
1743:
1738:
1731:
1726:
1724:
1716:
1711:
1704:
1703:Nicholls 1985
1699:
1692:
1687:
1681:, p. 123
1680:
1675:
1668:
1663:
1656:
1651:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1609:
1608:
1600:
1594:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1539:
1532:
1531:Nicholls 1985
1527:
1525:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1503:, p. 118
1502:
1497:
1495:
1487:
1482:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1461:, p. 110
1460:
1455:
1453:
1445:
1440:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1405:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1378:
1369:
1354:
1353:
1345:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1328:, p. 117
1327:
1322:
1315:
1310:
1303:
1298:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1263:Nicholls 1985
1259:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1230:
1211:
1204:
1203:
1196:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1163:, p. 164
1162:
1157:
1151:, p. 137
1150:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1003:
1002:
1001:Holcus mollis
997:
996:
991:
990:
985:
984:
979:
978:
973:
972:
971:Quercus robur
967:
963:
962:
957:
953:
952:
947:
946:
941:
940:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
901:Late Triassic
898:
894:
888:
856:
854:
843:
827:
819:
815:
811:
796:
787:
783:
767:
745:
743:
739:
738:rights of way
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
716:
713:opened their
712:
708:
706:
702:
701:polypropylene
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
669:
667:
661:
658:
654:
650:
649:Starfish site
646:
642:
638:
630:
625:
621:
619:
614:
604:
595:
593:
592:rhododendrons
588:
584:
580:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
543:
539:
537:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
511:
508:
504:
500:
496:
490:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
463:
458:
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
411:
410:) of refuse.
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
378:
375:
371:
367:
363:
357:
353:
349:
340:
338:
337:rights of way
334:
329:
327:
326:Starfish site
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
270:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
221:
220:
217:
213:
210:
207:
205:
201:
198:
195:
193:
189:
186:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
153:
149:
143:
140:
139:
137:
135:
131:
125:
122:
121:
119:
117:
113:
107:
104:
103:
101:
99:
95:
90:
85:
83:
79:
72:
51:
42:
35:
30:
25:
19:
2653:
2612:
2593:
2575:
2565:
2546:Shock Cities
2545:
2525:
2506:
2487:
2467:
2447:
2427:
2415:, retrieved
2406:
2394:, retrieved
2388:
2360:
2356:
2346:
2322:
2303:
2284:
2280:
2272:Bibliography
2271:
2270:
2258:
2247:, retrieved
2240:the original
2234:
2228:
2217:, retrieved
2213:the original
2207:
2201:
2190:, retrieved
2186:the original
2180:
2174:
2169:, p. 68
2162:
2157:, p. 53
2155:Grindon 1882
2150:
2139:, retrieved
2132:the original
2123:
2117:
2110:Johnson 1985
2105:
2079:, retrieved
2073:
2067:
2056:, retrieved
2052:the original
2046:
2040:
2029:, retrieved
2023:
2017:
2006:, retrieved
2000:
1994:
1982:
1971:, retrieved
1965:
1959:
1948:, retrieved
1944:the original
1938:
1932:
1921:, retrieved
1916:
1906:
1895:, retrieved
1891:the original
1885:
1859:
1854:, p. 87
1847:
1836:, retrieved
1832:the original
1826:
1807:
1800:
1795:, p. 20
1780:, p. 14
1773:
1761:
1756:, p. 67
1749:
1744:, p. 66
1737:
1710:
1705:, p. 23
1698:
1686:
1674:
1669:, p. 21
1662:
1657:, p. 31
1650:
1639:, retrieved
1635:the original
1629:
1623:
1612:, retrieved
1605:
1593:
1582:, retrieved
1578:the original
1572:
1566:
1538:
1533:, p. 20
1488:, p. 65
1481:
1439:
1427:. Retrieved
1421:
1395:
1389:
1377:
1368:
1357:, retrieved
1350:
1321:
1316:, p. 64
1309:
1297:
1286:, retrieved
1282:the original
1276:
1270:
1265:, p. 15
1258:
1247:, retrieved
1243:the original
1237:
1217:, retrieved
1210:the original
1201:
1195:
1184:, retrieved
1180:the original
1174:
1168:
1156:
1133:
1132:
1116:
1113:reed bunting
1096:meadow pipit
1042:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
987:
981:
975:
969:
965:
959:
949:
943:
937:
934:
905:boulder clay
859:
850:
742:horse-riding
709:
697:polyethylene
670:
662:
634:
609:
598:20th century
575:
548:
512:
491:
478:human faeces
474:water closet
467:
412:
392:pail closets
384:
381:19th century
374:Scandinavian
369:
361:
360:
351:
330:
303:
295:River Mersey
278:
277:
18:
2265:, p. 2
1989:, p. 9
1838:12 December
1732:, p. 8
1655:Dolman 1895
1561:, p. 7
1446:, p. 6
1304:, p. 2
1219:21 December
1161:Nigham 1994
1149:Lawson 2009
1092:red admiral
1068:sparrowhawk
956:cranberries
882: /
693:polystyrene
571:arable land
495:Dunham Town
470:pail closet
264: /
2660:Categories
2167:Evans 1923
2098:Birks 1965
1987:White 2008
1973:22 January
1852:Irwin 1995
1778:Smith 2003
1754:Evans 1923
1742:Evans 1923
1715:Poore 1902
1691:Poore 1902
1679:Poore 1902
1501:Poore 1902
1486:Evans 1923
1474:Poore 1902
1382:Platt 2005
1326:Poore 1902
1314:Evans 1923
1129:References
1060:wood mouse
867:53°25′14″N
853:media help
810:Blackbirds
689:Partington
685:Carrington
527:Glazebrook
499:Carrington
421:, in 1885
419:Withington
408:short tons
406:; 220,000
396:night soil
299:Manchester
287:Carrington
249:53°25′14″N
209:North West
142:North West
1607:The Times
1459:Wohl 1984
1396:The Times
1352:The Times
1238:Mosslands
1072:Red foxes
1022:), iris (
917:Chat Moss
870:2°23′16″W
726:Bury F.C.
618:Timperley
587:Chat Moss
525:'s (CLC)
480:into the
427:Harpurhey
415:Moss Side
400:long tons
356:David Cox
310:reclaimed
252:2°23′16″W
204:Ambulance
2645:Archived
2386:(1882),
2331:citation
1919:, London
1104:Trafford
563:ammonium
559:nitrogen
503:tramways
431:Rusholme
423:Bradford
354:, 1851,
306:moorland
283:peat bog
106:Trafford
89:SJ746918
2377:2255603
2008:10 July
1897:2 March
1084:badgers
1080:weasels
1064:kestrel
936:fauna;
909:ice age
782:lapwing
722:Academy
507:clinker
482:Medlock
439:Deeside
388:cesspit
370:Cathair
343:History
314:farming
233:England
158:England
152:Country
2620:
2600:
2582:
2553:
2533:
2513:
2495:
2475:
2455:
2435:
2417:15 May
2396:15 May
2375:
2311:
2058:22 May
2031:22 May
1288:9 July
1098:, and
1082:, and
1076:stoats
1056:willow
913:Mersey
816:and a
784:and a
551:acidic
486:Irwell
447:grouse
180:Police
134:Region
2411:(PDF)
2373:JSTOR
2249:6 May
2243:(PDF)
2219:5 May
2192:5 May
2141:6 May
2135:(PDF)
2128:(PDF)
2081:6 May
1950:5 May
1923:5 May
1641:5 May
1614:5 May
1584:5 May
1429:7 May
1359:5 May
1249:6 May
1213:(PDF)
1206:(PDF)
1186:6 May
1134:Notes
1052:alder
1048:birch
897:marls
666:dairy
368:root
285:near
2618:ISBN
2598:ISBN
2580:ISBN
2551:ISBN
2531:ISBN
2511:ISBN
2493:ISBN
2473:ISBN
2453:ISBN
2433:ISBN
2419:2009
2398:2009
2337:link
2309:ISBN
2251:2009
2221:2009
2194:2009
2143:2009
2083:2009
2060:2009
2033:2009
2010:2015
1975:2017
1952:2009
1925:2009
1899:2014
1840:2011
1643:2009
1616:2009
1586:2009
1431:2024
1361:2009
1290:2007
1251:2009
1221:2007
1188:2009
1175:moss
1123:moth
1066:and
1054:and
814:wren
720:and
699:and
687:and
557:and
555:urea
484:and
429:and
417:and
192:Fire
2640:at
2365:doi
2289:doi
1410:UK
1040:).
954:),
860:At
728:'s
529:to
2662::
2371:,
2361:11
2359:,
2333:}}
2329:{{
2285:64
2283:,
2090:^
1915:,
1871:^
1817:^
1785:^
1722:^
1604:,
1547:^
1523:^
1508:^
1493:^
1466:^
1451:^
1420:.
1403:^
1349:,
1333:^
1228:^
1141:^
1115:.
1094:,
1078:,
1074:,
1070:.
1050:,
927:.
925:BP
780:A
695:,
627:A
573:.
453:.
425:,
339:.
289:,
228:UK
2367::
2339:)
2291::
1433:.
855:.
583:d
581:2
579:s
577:5
464:.
404:t
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