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140:, Brazil, the son of John Merven Carrère, a Baltimore native and Anna Louisa Maxwell, a Scots/Brazilian native of Rio who was the daughter of Joseph Maxwell, a prosperous coffee trader. The architect's father entered Maxwell's coffee business and later developed other business interests of his own in Brazil. As a boy Carrère was sent to Switzerland for his education until 1880, when he entered the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, Paris, where he was in the atelier of Leon Ginian until 1882. He returned to New York where his family had resettled after leaving Brazil and worked as draughtsmen for the architectural firm of
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circulation. They were among the earliest users of new technologies, from structural steel to electrification, even employing passive air conditioning systems. But their major interest was in the adaptation of the classical language of architecture developed in Europe to the
American scene, creating a modern American architecture out of centuries-old traditions.
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of 1893, and its influential classical themes, the firm's style began to exhibit modern French and
Renaissance revival attributes. The attention to sculpture and surface embellishment in their work was always closely tied to the axial planning that ensured the functionality of the interior spaces and
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led architectural historians to neglect the work of Carrère and
Hastings for half a century after the firm closed. Today the firm is recognized as one of the most important in the U.S. during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Their contributions to civic design and classicism are of continued
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The architects were also noted for their contributions to the country house and garden movement of the early 1900s, where they introduced both stylistic and compositional ideas that shaped domestic architecture for decades to come. Their garden designs were extensively published, and they created a
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Hastings is credited with many of the firm's designs and, in part because he survived Carrère by eighteen years, he is the often cited as the leader of the firm. He lectured widely and wrote a number of influential articles, later collected by David Gray in his brief biography of the architect. He
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and later
Alcazar hotels in St. Augustine, Florida. Further ties to wealthy patrons, who were also members of his father's mid-town congregation, propelled the rapid success of the young architects. His brother Frank's ties to E. C. Benedict, a leading financier, introduced him not only to patrons
401:" movement. An early advocate of comprehensive planning, he designed downtown plans for Baltimore, Hartford, Cleveland and Atlantic City. In collaboration with Hastings, he was largely responsible for carrying out the firm's major public commissions: the New York Public Library (1897–1912), the
144:. He and his Paris acquaintance, Thomas Hastings, worked there together before striking out on their own in 1885. During this period Carrère independently designed several circular panorama buildings in New York and Chicago. After he married Marion Dell in 1886, they lived on
385:, one of Wall Street's notorious capitalists, and several members of the Blair family of New Jersey. The early work of the firm was eclectic but always succinctly organized, an inheritance of their École des Beaux-Arts training. Following the
304:, Theodore Blake and others. Owen Brainard, an engineer, was a junior partner in the firm during Carrère's lifetime and continued to consult with the firm thereafter. Eventually this collaborative arrangement would result in the formation of
187:, the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, resigned. Carrère was offered the job, an offer he very publicly considered but ultimately declined, writing, "the system, not the man, should be changed."
370:. Whitehall was completed in 1902. Whitehall is a Mediterranean-flavored house faced with white stucco, with palatial interiors in various styles ranged round a grand entrance hall with double staircase.
183:, which had been passed by Congress in 1893 to allow the federal government to award architectural commissions for its buildings through open design competitions. During the extended Tarsney controversy,
471:(1920–28), which stand across the street from each other on Broadway at Bowling Green. Hastings was a critic of tall buildings in cities, warning that buildings over six stories (the height of Parisian
300:. Following Carrère's death in 1911, Hastings maintained the firm's name and continued his role as principal in the firm, but shared responsibility in large commissions with trusted associates such as
222:, which was completed in 1911, just prior to his death, which occurred when a streetcar collided with the taxi in which he was riding. He suffered a brain concussion and never regained consciousness.
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on
October 23, 1929. Some of his papers were given to the American Academy of Arts & Letters, where he was a member and treasurer for many years. He was survived by his wife but left no heirs.
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in 1897. The firm designed commercial buildings, elaborate residences, and prominent public buildings in New York, Washington and as far afield as
Toronto, London, Paris, Rome, and Havana.
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Carrère & Hastings
Digital Collection, with over 200 drawings for the Ponce de Leon Hotel (now Flagler College), the Memorial Presbyterian Church in St. Augustine, and select others
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Carrère was engaged in the development of city planning in the United States. He wrote pamphlets and lectured at universities and to civic groups on the subject. He collaborated with
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Carrère and
Hastings were among the best-connected New York architects, and benefited from associations with the richest and most powerful of the city's citizens. Clients included
264:. There he met his future partner, and both maintained ties to Europe throughout their lives (Hastings earning the French Legion of Honor as well as the Gold Medal of the RIBA).
256:,' and published the first musical treatise by a native-born composer in 1822. Hastings was educated in private schools in New York, and began his architectural apprenticeship at
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The firm's first major commission came from a parishioner of Rev. Hastings, Henry
Morrison Flagler, the Florida developer and railway tycoon, for whom the partners built the
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comprehensive staff to handle interior design in large houses, one of the first offices to offer these services. Their largest and most notable country houses included
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The office's significant skyscrapers were not designed until the late 1910s and early 1920s when, in association with other architects, Hastings' office worked on the
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was born in New York City on March 11, 1860. His father, also Thomas S. Hastings (1827–1911), was a noted
Presbyterian minister, homiletics professor, and dean of the
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260:, the premier New York furnishers and decorators. He attended the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris from 1880–1883 as a student in the atelier of
97:. Located in New York City, the firm practiced from 1885 until 1929, although Hastings practiced alone after Carrère died in an automobile accident in 1911.
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Carrère was most active in the firm's large civic and commercial projects, including the House and Senate office buildings on Capitol Hill, the
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One of the largest contributions of the firm was in the realm of urban design, a result of Carrère's abiding interest in the
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but also to his future wife. In 1900, at the age of 40, he married Benedict's daughter Helen at the Presbyterian church in
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as an Associate member, and became a full member in 1910. Later, Carrère and Hastings produced a plan for the City of
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Upon returning to New York, Hastings entered the office of McKim, Mead & White, the leading American firm of the
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resulted in the commission first for a library extension to Flagler's Mamaroneck estate and then for the
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First Presbyterian Church of Rumson, New Jersey, 1885 (this church also has 3 authentic Tiffany windows)
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and had three daughters, one of whom died as an infant. In 1901 they moved to East 65th Street in
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Cheney-Balzell Manor House, Wellesley, Dover, MA, 1907 -Massachusetts Horticultural Society
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on a plan for a Baltimore civic center (1910). In 1908, Carrère was elected into the
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Hewitt, Mark Alan; Kate Lemos, William A. Morrison, Charles D. Warren (2006).
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on Staten Island (1904–06), and the Paterson (New Jersey) City Hall (1896).
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before they established their firm. The partnership's first success was the
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Carrère & Hastings architectural drawings and papers, circa 1899-1930
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City of Paterson Downtown Commercial Historic District Design Guidelines
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New York Architecture Images- New York Architects Carrère and Hastings
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Thomas Hastings, architect: collected writings, with a short biography
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Pictures and Info on Carrère & Hastings' Long Island Commissions
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and his wife enjoyed riding, and they built a country house in
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Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library, Columbia University
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designed the church decorations, and White's son was a page.
1284:. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 495, 498.
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Administration Building, Carnegie Institution of Washington
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Charles Warren, "John Merven Carrère," in Hewitt, et al.,
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and Play Center, New York City, 1900 (original park razed)
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to persuade the US Treasury Department to implement the
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Design for Brooklyn Bridge Approach and Terminal, 1906
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Mark Alan Hewitt, "Introduction," in Hewitt, et al.,
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Hotel Alcazar, St. Augustine, Florida, 1887, now the
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210:(1909). Then, in 1910, he worked with Brunner and
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894:, 1 East 70th Street, New York City, 1913–1914
409:in Washington (1908–09), the planning of the
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1216:Carrère & Hastings Architects," op. cit.
627:Mary Scott (Mrs Richard T.) Townsend house (
544:Edison Building, New York City, 1891 (razed)
996:, 2603 Eastover Terrace, Boise, Idaho, 1925
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1179:vol. 1, (New York, Acanthus Press: 2006).
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1349:Ossman, Laurie; Ewing, Heather (2011).
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1253:"The Russell Senate Office Building"
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104:in France and worked at the firm of
1387:New York Public Library illustrated
1164:. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1984.
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608:New York Public Library Main Branch
165:New York Public Library Main Branch
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1177:Carrère & Hastings Architects,
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1020:Louisville War Memorial Auditorium
994:Boise Union Pacific Railroad Depot
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1192:(Boston, Houghton Mifflin), 1933.
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507:for New York Public Library, 1909
503:Marble, metal and exterior work.
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1486:20th-century American architects
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564:Central Congregational Church
152:and built a country house in
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1022:, Louisville, Kentucky, 1929
876:U.S. Rubber Company Building
850:Bangor Savings Bank Building
797:Cannon House Office Building
360:Memorial Presbyterian Church
350:). This was followed by the
163:and its approaches, and the
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984:, Arlington, Virginia, 1920
882:Bank of Toronto head office
834:, Esopus, New York, 1909–11
692:and other buildings on the
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1339:New York: Acanthus Press.
1310:www.historicengland.org.uk
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1030:Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
898:William Starr Miller house
610:, New York City, 1897–1911
387:World Columbian Exposition
358:), as well as the Flagler
250:Union Theological Seminary
216:National Academy of Design
171:, he helped establish the
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27:American architecture firm
1119:, New York City, NY, 1914
1089:, New York City, NY, 1911
1074:, New York City, NY, 1910
1059:, St. Augustine, FL, 1887
846:, Washington, D.C.., 1910
805:, Thomas Hastings house,
298:Old Westbury, Long Island
212:Frederick Law Olmsted Jr.
1257:Architect of the Capitol
978:, Washington, D.C., 1917
972:, dedicated October 1916
953:), Western College, now
822:, Alfred I. DuPont house
799:, Washington, D.C., 1908
724:Metropolitan Opera House
592:Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania
568:Providence, Rhode Island
319:Collaboration and beyond
100:Both men studied at the
1038:, Washington, D.C. 1929
884:, Toronto, 1913 (razed)
862:, Portland, Maine, 1912
776:, E.H. Harriman house,
753:William Collins Whitney
522:, 1885–87, now part of
480:International Modernism
413:in Buffalo (1901), the
411:Pan-American Exposition
407:Senate Office Buildings
381:, the railroad tycoon,
240:New York Public Library
118:New York Public Library
95:Beaux-Arts architecture
1134:, Washington, DC, 1920
1117:Henry Clay Frick House
917:Union Pacific Railroad
907:Sidney Lanier Monument
888:Henry Clay Frick House
866:W. B. Thompson Mansion
807:Old Westbury, New York
766:Trader's Bank Building
520:St. Augustine, Florida
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1072:Lunt-Fontanne Theatre
1016:, New York City, 1926
1014:Standard Oil Building
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878:, New York City, 1912
840:, New York City, 1910
838:Lunt-Fontanne Theatre
761:Aiken, South Carolina
755:Squash Court, at his
639:Newport, Rhode Island
622:Long Island, New York
550:, New York City, 1892
548:New York Evening Mail
535:The Commonwealth Club
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469:Standard Oil Building
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419:Richmond Borough Hall
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142:McKim, Mead and White
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106:McKim, Mead and White
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1104:, Portland, ME, 1912
1026:Market Street Bridge
970:Easton, Pennsylvania
826:Wilmington, Delaware
667:Lenox, Massachusetts
602:Paterson, New Jersey
269:American Renaissance
45:Carrère and Hastings
1401:Palm Beach, Florida
757:Aiken Winter Colony
684:Palm Beach, Florida
653:Peapack, New Jersey
624:, 1898–1899 (razed)
618:Gold Coast Mansions
558:Tarrytown, New York
516:Ponce de León Hotel
505:Architectural plans
473:hôtels particuliers
442:Peapack, New Jersey
383:Thomas Fortune Ryan
368:Palm Beach, Florida
340:Ponce de León Hotel
328:Ponce de Leon Hotel
132:John Merven Carrère
110:Ponce de León Hotel
49:John Merven Carrère
1102:Portland City Hall
941:Newark, New Jersey
890:, now housing the
860:Portland City Hall
778:Harriman, New York
737:Cornell University
718:Westbury, New York
673:Hamilton Fish Park
598:Paterson City Hall
588:Bryn Athyn College
578:Richmond, Virginia
539:Richmond, Virginia
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467:(1917–21) and the
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415:McKinnley Memorial
379:Edward H. Harriman
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288:was the best man,
246:Thomas S. Hastings
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154:Harrison, New York
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1359:978-0-8478-3564-5
1345:978-0-926494-42-8
1149:, Boise, ID, 1925
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966:Lafayette College
870:Yonkers, New York
788:Buffalo, New York
784:McKinley Monument
694:Hewitt Quadrangle
354:(1887–88 now the
262:Louis-Jules André
192:Daniel H. Burnham
185:Jeremiah O'Rourke
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892:Frick Collection
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714:Herman B. Duryea
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698:Yale University
574:Jefferson Hotel
530:Lightner Museum
524:Flagler College
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465:Cunard Building
356:Lightner Museum
348:Flagler College
342:(1885–1888) in
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1313:. Retrieved
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1260:. Retrieved
1247:
1235:. Retrieved
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959:Oxford, Ohio
935:pavilion in
902:Neue Galerie
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635:Vernon Court
613:
477:
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1315:December 9,
1262:February 7,
1237:February 7,
743:, both 1904
686:, 1900–1901
655:, 1898–1903
629:Cosmos Club
181:Tarsney Act
1461:Gilded Age
1430:Categories
1155:References
759:estate in
440:(1898) in
395:Beaux-Arts
375:Elihu Root
200:Group Plan
169:Elihu Root
1000:Mausoleum
961:, 1917-18
949:(site of
828:, 1909–10
803:Bagatelle
780:, 1905–09
680:Whitehall
645:Blairsden
586:Mansion,
584:Cairnwood
438:Blairsden
364:Whitehall
204:Cleveland
150:Manhattan
614:Burrwood
234:Bust of
226:Hastings
1043:Gallery
911:Atlanta
820:Nemours
716:house,
665:house,
651:house,
458:Nemours
431:in 1912
198:on the
124:Carrère
1357:
1343:
1288:
1032:, 1929
943:, 1916
923:, 1915
913:, 1914
872:, 1912
856:, 1912
809:, 1908
790:, 1907
720:, 1903
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669:, 1899
641:, 1898
604:, 1896
594:, 1895
580:, 1895
570:, 1893
560:, 1892
541:, 1891
456:, and
1231:(PDF)
773:Arden
710:Knole
450:Arden
403:House
1355:ISBN
1341:ISBN
1317:2021
1286:ISBN
1264:2021
1239:2021
405:and
202:for
194:and
81:RAIR
36:The
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1002:of
620:on
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