306:
433:, after the Serbian retreat on 13 October 1915, although she knew she would be captured by the advancing Austrian allied forces. This happened in the night, with German soldiers pushing her, threatening and bullying her, whilst they searched her room for medications. As she had later refused to treat the occupying army who had stolen patients' blankets, she was accused of espionage, and taken as a prisoner to Belgrade. She was eventually released to the Scottish Women's Ambulance Unit, in Hungary, and allowed to leave with them, but had further challenges running into German 'spies' whilst travelling through Switzerland, one of whom she was said to have pushed off the train at
42:
397:
hygiene and a lack of resources, in the military hospital. She recounts there were 4,000 wounded treated per week, with only amateur nurses and even children as 'ward orderlies', but surprisingly only 16 deaths, despite her own language problems and lack of support from
Russian doctors. She also praises the courage and chivalry of the injured men, whom she calls 'brave, patient, grateful'... but longing to be 'out' serving at the front again.
406:
385:
her face. She continued on with the journey and task of treating the man's wounded leg, and, after a few days for her own recovery, returned to her hospital post. Matthews also spoke of the continuing patriotic attitude of the
Montenegrin people, despite their extremes of poverty and severity of many people's injuries. In her article, she also comments on the relative comfort of the Turkish prisoners of war.
463:. She was explaining the need for at some times being brave and defiant, and at others more cautious and reserved, in conversations with her captors. Despite physical attacks, she described her determination not to allow the Germans 'the desired-for satisfaction of seeing fear in British eyes'. Matthews also wrote a series of articles on the same themes for
950:
545:' book could be seen as 'a monument to the almost superhuman courage and daring of Dr. Caroline Matthews'; and was 'an unaffected story of courage and devotion to duty' which 'does honour to her native country'; and 'a moving story of self-sacrifice and heroism', and it has been republished a century later.
689:
event Johns who had died first. Matthews then contested her friend's will for re-transfer of these bonds but this was denied. Despite that dispute, her friend's family gave permission for
Matthews to be eventually buried in Johns' grave, when she died in 1927. Matthews' own estate was valued as £1904.
384:
January 1913, explain more about her experiences; for example, in an incident when
Matthews was going to the aid of an injured officer at night in a blizzard, she fell on the rough road. Whilst trying to protect the medical supplies she carried, she fractured her jaw, broke some teeth and got cuts to
413:
As World War One began, Matthews again volunteered, this time to serve in Serbia, at her own expense, and became a medical officer in the
Serbian army after her plan to join the Serbian Field Ambulance service had been denied. She said (unlike many middle- or upper-class women of the day who lacked
688:
had predicted her (own) sudden death, which she had believed would occur due to her residual ill health (including suffering 'heart attacks') 'as a result of her privations while serving as a doctor during the
Serbian retreat', she had transferred £500 of war bonds to Miss Johns. But it was in the
396:
before volunteering for military hospital work, and thus was inappropriately clothed for the Balkan weather. Her recollections give gossipy details of her journey, contrasting with a matter of fact approach to detailing the wounded in body and mind she came across during concerns with poor quality
1039:
504:
on a chocolate box'. Matthews explains that she caught diphtheria herself and felt desperate but 'crawled' round the wards. Her tales include the brutality on the night of her capture, then being taken in 'a bullock-cart, through bitter weather' as a prisoner under escort, suffering various
519:
During a hearing and interrogation on the trumped-up spy charge, Matthews defiantly complained of her treatment and the thefts, to be told 'there was no Geneva
Convention now'. And she recounted the pleasure of suddenly hearing a familiar voice call 'How are you, Twiggie!'. It was Dr.
422:) in Serbia. She touches on the relationships between captors and prisoners of war, and praises the international group of women (and men) working in the military hospitals in very difficult circumstances, including during a severe outbreak of typhus, which killed two of the
942:
1031:
192:
parents, John Twigge (1848–1908) and his wife
Caroline Sara Twigge, née Sargeant (born 1847), who lived in the Waterloo area of the city, and she was baptised on 26 June 1878. She had two brothers, John S. Twigge (born 1872) who was to become a
499:
ward, but left
Matthews in charge. She detailed her tales of the enemy arriving, taking all the patients' blankets for their troops and stealing her medical instruments and money. But she said she was 'cheered and encouraged by a little
679:
Matthews and Johns went travelling together, after the war, in India for more than a year, but Amy Johns suddenly died in 1923, on a train from Dover to London on her return, and was buried at Downe. As
Matthews had had an interest in
726:
Her uniform and other war possessions were sought by the National War Museum. Now Matthews' khaki rucksack, mentioned in her book, and her graduation gown as well as some of her field medical equipment, and medals, are in the
541:, whose memoirs were aimed at raising money for the Serbs. Matthews' stories and the consideration of her bravery in press reports, travelled to Australia, as well as across the regional press in Britain. It was said that her '
317:
community in China but did not get there, returning from Tibet on a ship specially chartered to lend assistance to Italy. Matthews was said to have been simply treated as one of the soldiers when attached to the
1512:
Matthews, Caroline (23 December 1916). "Christmas Day in Jerusalem - How I met the Shepherds in their Leopard-Skin Cloaks and Helped to Revive their Frozen Lambs in the Monastery of Marielas (or Mar Elyas)".
512:
despite experiencing evil spirits in men's eyes, cunning and blood-lust, Matthews had 'never met before such peculiarly fiendish expressions of absolute hatred as were directed towards me by those
326:' whilst working to save lives in this destructive disaster. In 1910, Dr. Matthews was the only woman, and the only English speaker, among the soldiers assisting civilians in the village of
1890:
709:. The funeral was taken by the local vicar, Reverend A.A. Gibson, and was given 'very many floral tributes' with a range of 'expressions of affection and regret'. Matthews was called
418:
formed an illustrated war diary e.g. in July 1915, describing the Scottish Women's unit travelling to Malta to assist the evacuated wounded, and then to Greece, and on to Nish (
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1964:
1883:
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Christmas Day in Jerusalem – How I met the Shepherds in their Leopard-Skin Cloaks and Helped to Revive their Frozen Lambs in the Monastery of Marielas (or Mar Elyas)
231:
Matthews passed the third level professional examinations in medicine and surgery in July 1903, and qualified in medicine on 17 October 1903, after studying as an
2305:
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1979:
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2315:
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298:, when the city lost almost half its population including nurses and doctors. She was among those involved in the international relief effort who were awarded
305:
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2190:
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as ' a graphic panorama' and 'a thrilling narrative'. She gave details, such as working amicably with the Hungarian chief medical officer during a deadly
213:, Westmorland. Her younger brother, Herbert L. Twigge (born 1875), had already followed their father into business as a rice and fruit merchant in 1901.
2513:
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2330:
2325:
2285:
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magazine's Children's Salon wrote rather romantically of her: 'Sturdily the stranger in the camp, worked with a will, sharing the hardship of the men.'
2437:
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2074:
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2250:
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2014:
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423:
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Matthews' health was indeed harmed from her war experiences, and she died of pneumonia after influenza at the age of 49, at home in Longton Grove,
2235:
2139:
1373:"British Women in Serbia - A Record of Grit and Endurance: English Girl Fighting in the Ranks - Doctor who Stayed with Wounded till Enemy Came".
2588:
2568:
2220:
1984:
1210:
Matthews, Caroline (25 January 1913). "With the Montenegrins - How Hunger and Starvation are Facing the Brave Fighters of the Little Kingdom".
2104:
2064:
2215:
1168:
2478:
2583:
17:
1913:
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Her final role in the field was in volunteering to stay with the wounded, and in charge of the military hospital at Uzsitsi, for the
232:
145:
83:
2573:
236:
2578:
1539:
1939:
1461:"Remarkable Series of Adventures Begins Next Week...In the Hands of the Hun - The Experiences of a Woman Doctor in Serbia".
537:
Her work was compared with autobiographical writing from another woman who became a volunteer fighter in the Serbian army,
459:
published Matthew's war experience updates on 1 April and again on 22 April 1916, in two-page illustrated features, titled
2134:
745:
1719:
1856:
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1806:
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on her return. Her dress in breeches and an officer-like coat had drawn comment, but was most practical for riding.
414:
her resilience) that as she used her skills, she felt that 'Life was worth living in these days.' Her articles for
2593:
1064:
Italy's great horror of earthquake and tidal wave ... containing vivid descriptions of this overwhelming calamity .
476:
Her war experiences together describing 'perhaps the most extraordinary time of a varied life', were published by
2613:
2608:
1446:
Matthews, Caroline (22 April 1916). "In the Hands of the Enemy - A Personal Narrative by Dr. Caroline Matthews".
2210:
2255:
2159:
527:
These episodes contrast with later encounters with shepherds whilst recuperating from her illness in 1916 on
338:'. She herself had to rest with an unspecified 'serious illness' in Rome, before being able to return home.
277:
She married Joseph Matthews, a surgeon who was a widower and almost thirty years her senior, in 1907, in the
264:
2089:
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and had seen 'horrors unspeakable' or 'gruesome sights' including an 'inferno worse than that depicted by
299:
169:
125:
1768:
220:, and was living in Newington, in the 1901 census, and at three addresses during her studies, finally at
256:
244:
2094:
842:"Great War Heroine Dead - Dr Caroline Matthews' Noble Work - The Florence Nightingale of the Balkans".
571:
With the Montenegrins – How Hunger and Starvation are Facing the Brave Fighters of the Little Kingdom.
172:'s Medal, the Italian Red Cross Medal, King Victor Emmanuel's Commemoration Medal and the Montenegrin
2603:
2518:
896:
Baptisms Solemnized in the Parochial Chapel of Saint Nicholas in Liverpool in the County of Lancaster
1868:
524:(sic) from the Scottish Women's Hospital (thirty-one of whom were being also held captive there).
41:
374:
252:
173:
2154:
2059:
681:
335:
295:
157:
103:
1345:"With the Wounded Serbs at Nish: A Personal Narrative by a British Red Cross Worker in Serbia".
484:
in 1916, which she dedicated 'in love and gratitude to Amy M. Johns, a friend in a thousand'.
2528:
2473:
2402:
1696:"Aspirating set comprising 1 syringe, 2 trocars and cannulae | Science Museum Group Collection"
1617:"War Heriones - Deaths of Dr. Caroline Matthews and Miss E. Preedy - Noble Services Recalled".
786:"War Heroines - Deaths of Dr. Caroline Matthews and Miss E. Preedy - Noble Services Recalled".
728:
369:
240:
1079:"Medal awarded to Dr. Caroline Matthews after earthquake and tsunami - Giorgi, Luigi (artist)"
2458:
2412:
2230:
2069:
224:, George Square. In 1902–1903, her final year as a student, the family holidayed together in
636:
After the war, Matthews continued her friendship, and became 'devotedly attached', to Miss
581:
With the Wounded Serbs at Nish: A Personal Narrative by a British Red Cross Worker in Serbia
2598:
2563:
2538:
2493:
2044:
1989:
1959:
715:
177:
1393:"Heroic Woman Doctor Defied Germans - Splendid War Service - Became Prisoner Doing Duty".
8:
2432:
2417:
2346:
2034:
1994:
1479:"In the Hands of the Huns - A Brave Woman Doctor in Serbia - How an Insult was Avenged".
706:
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deprivations, including such hunger that she had traded her wedding ring for chocolate.
430:
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in St Giles district, Edinburgh, but at the date of her death, she was already a widow.
1062:
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2240:
2119:
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1300:
1292:
248:
206:
1744:"Silver medal of Victor Emmanuel, king of Italy, aw | Science Museum Group Collection"
1672:"Dr. Caroline Matthews' Edinburgh M.B. gown, by Chr | Science Museum Group Collection"
1648:"Khaki haversack, belonging to Dr. Caroline Matthew | Science Museum Group Collection"
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2004:
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1304:
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260:
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In 1912–1913 she became a surgeon in the Montenegrin army and war correspondent for
216:
She was privately tutored before went to study medicine in 1898 at the age of 21 in
2427:
2180:
2129:
1974:
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732:
698:
161:
2523:
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343:
323:
133:
1016:"Guide to Visitors at Hotels and Boarding Houses - Brighton - Alexandra Hotel".
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2009:
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1969:
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outbreak, who was to be replaced by a 'coward' CMO, who would not enter the
2508:
2049:
2024:
2019:
1929:
1924:
1067:
Robarts - University of Toronto. Philadelphia, Pa., National publishing co.
538:
327:
314:
268:
2488:
2468:
2290:
2265:
1632:"Funeral of War Heroine - Health Ruined by Devoted Service Among Serbs".
591:
In the Hands of the Enemy – A Personal Narrative by Dr. Caroline Matthews
461:
In the Hands of the Enemy – A Personal Narrative by Dr. Caroline Matthews
221:
165:
110:
2422:
2381:
1918:
1296:
1264:
685:
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492:
106:
392:, an item titled 'A Lady Doctor at the Front', tells that she was in
132:
Medal, King Victor Emmanuel's Commemoration Medal and the Montenegrin
1898:
469:
In the Hands of the Hun – The Experiences of a Woman Doctor in Serbia
319:
217:
189:
405:
1280:
986:"Holiday Resorts in the North - List of Summer Visitors - Aboyne".
863:
University of Edinburgh - Degrees in Medicine - Curriculum Schedule
331:
1265:"Soldier's Heart: Literary Men, Literary Women, and the Great War"
309:
Italian soldiers search in the wreckage of Messina earthquake 1908
513:
496:
434:
202:
1531:
The Second Battlefield: Women, Modernism and the First World War
1934:
973:
The University of Edinburgh (1898-99) First Matriculation Album
225:
194:
114:
419:
702:
393:
72:
1587:"Benington Woman's Will - Interesting Dispute in Chancery".
644:' book. Amy Johns wrote a poem to Matthews, as the foreword:
274:
She later holidayed as a single woman in Brighton in 1905.
1018:
Brighton Gazetted, Hove Post, Sussex & Surrey Telegraph
735:
library medical collection. (images subject to copyright).
334:
infection was also rife and the town was placed 'under the
912:"none - 'Among those on whom degrees were conferred...'".
354:
medal and the King Victor Emmanuel's Commemoration Medal.
1413:"none- Many of the tales of privation and suffering...".
1120:"Signal Honour for a Former Children's Salon Associate".
882:
1901 England Census - for Waterloo - Crosby - District 15
701:
and buried in Amy Johns' grave in the small cemetery at
1248:"New Books - Experiences of a Woman Doctor in Serbia".
313:
She had been expected to take up a medical role with a
754:
Catherine Twigge Matthews (1916) by Mills & Boon.
168:, and was taken as a prisoner of war. She was awarded
1494:"Brave Women Dead - Heroines of France and Balkans".
1169:"Montanegrin medal awarded to Dr. Caroline Matthews"
1135:"none - 'All women will be interested to know...'".
759:
Reprint editions published in (2015), (2016), (2018)
152:, and was dubbed a 'war heroine'. She served in the
239:. Her academic tutors included analytical chemist,
865:. The University of Edinburgh. 1903. pp. 1–3.
362:
188:Caroline Twigge was born in 25 September 1877, to
2555:
1769:"Caroline Matthews - A Medical Woman Of Mystery"
1192:"Club and Society Gossip - Heroic Nurse (sic)".
1137:Islington Daily Gazette and North London Tribune
975:. The University of Edinburgh. 1899. p. 13.
666:Goes forth with joy beneath her country's flag.
451:
289:
648:"A woman child. She dreamed the dreams of men.
75:graveyard, in the grave of her friend Amy Johns
1720:"Steriliser | Science Museum Group Collection"
669:Gives of her skill to those who call for aid.
654:She left her dolls to play with soldier toys,
373:. She was awarded another honour, that of the
1884:
675:Holding life cheap, for honour and her King."
235:to the University of Edinburgh, based at the
176:. When she died, the press said she was "The
205:, Cumbria before in 1896, being ordained in
1801:. Bibliolife DBA of Bibilio Bazaar II LLC.
663:Grown to the kingdom of her woman's heart,
183:
1891:
1877:
357:
117:army and for writing about her experiences
40:
1556:"EXPERIENCES OF A WOMAN DOCTOR IN SERBIA"
657:And glow'd in enterprise of heroes bold.
631:
440:Matthews was pictured under the heading '
1900:Scottish Women's Hospitals World War One
1846:
1821:
1796:
1766:
1601:
1511:
1445:
1326:
1209:
1150:"Our New Scheme: The Children's Salon".
752:Experiences of a Woman Doctor in Serbia'
601:Experiences of a Woman Doctor in Serbia,
404:
380:Her war diary articles, for example, in
304:
1849:Experiences of a Woman Doctor in Serbia
1824:Experiences of a Woman Doctor in Serbia
1799:Experiences of a Woman Doctor in Serbia
1604:Experiences of a Woman Doctor in Serbia
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1329:Experiences of a Woman Doctor in Serbia
1262:
1060:
1001:"Edinburgh University Medical Passes".
672:She faces death in many a cruel guise,
482:Experiences of a Woman Doctor in Serbia
237:Edinburgh College of Medicine for Women
160:, and in military hospitals during the
14:
2556:
1507:
1505:
1474:
1472:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
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1356:
1340:
1338:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1163:
1161:
640:, to whom she had dedicated her 1916 '
2589:War correspondents of the Balkan Wars
2569:20th-century Italian women physicians
1872:
1527:
1441:
1439:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1223:
1221:
1205:
1203:
1115:
1113:
898:. Liverpool: Church of England. 1878.
876:
874:
872:
857:
855:
853:
692:
651:Of fiery purposes, and battles' din.
148:(1877–1927) was a British doctor and
1767:Newhouse, Sarah (6 September 2011).
1748:collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk
1724:collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk
1700:collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk
1676:collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk
1652:collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk
1595:
1573:
907:
905:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
818:"Obituary - Dr. Caroline Matthews".
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
409:The Sphere illustrated news magazine
27:British doctor and war correspondent
2135:Mary Elizabeth Phillips (physician)
1610:
1606:. United Kingdom: Mills & Boon.
1502:
1469:
1401:
1353:
1335:
1331:. United Kingdom: Mills & Boon.
1311:
1158:
294:Matthews served voluntarily in the
24:
1847:Matthews, Caroline Twigge (2018).
1822:Matthews, Caroline Twigge (2016).
1797:Matthews, Caroline Twigge (2015).
1602:Matthews, Caroline Twigge (1916).
1560:Maryborough and Dunolly Advertiser
1436:
1381:
1327:Matthews, Caroline Twigge (1916).
1236:
1218:
1200:
1110:
927:"none - The Rev. J.S. Twigge...".
869:
850:
744:Science Museum Group collection -
350:In 1911 she was honoured with the
25:
2625:
2584:War correspondents of World War I
902:
826:
794:
770:
738:
1232:. 23 November 1912. p. 700.
1032:"Statutory Registers - Marriage"
400:
2574:20th-century Italian physicians
1840:
1815:
1790:
1779:from the original on 2020-12-02
1760:
1736:
1712:
1688:
1664:
1640:
1625:
1548:
1534:. Manchester University Press.
1521:
1487:
1454:
1421:
1377:. 28 September 1916. p. 4.
1349:. 17 July 1915. pp. 74–75.
1256:
1185:
1154:. 6 December 1890. p. 825.
1143:
1128:
1095:
1071:
1054:
1042:from the original on 2021-11-01
1024:
1009:
994:
979:
965:
953:from the original on 2021-11-01
548:
363:Balkan War 1912–1913 Montenegro
1228:"A Lady Doctor at the Front".
1196:. 21 December 1912. p. 7.
1124:. 16 July 1910. p. XVIII.
935:
920:
888:
13:
1:
1483:. 26 October 1916. p. 2.
1252:. 9 November 1916. p. 2.
1106:. 13 January 1909. p. 6.
1020:. 25 January 1905. p. 7.
822:. 30 April 1927. p. 819.
763:
452:Correspondence from the front
290:Messina and Calabria disaster
271:at the New Town dispensary.
102:medical service volunteering
2579:Military hospitals in Serbia
2367:Jessie Elizabeth Martin Kerr
2090:Alexandrina Matilda MacPhail
990:. 27 August 1902. p. 7.
508:In her own words, quoted in
94:doctor and war correspondent
7:
2469:Vera Christina Chute Collum
1636:. 21 April 1927. p. 4.
1621:. 21 April 1927. p. 7.
1498:. 21 April 1927. p. 7.
1432:. 27 March 1916. p. 1.
1417:. 14 March 1917. p. 3.
1397:. 20 April 1927. p. 4.
1263:Gilbert, Sandra M. (1983).
1061:Mowbray, Jay Henry (1909).
988:The Aberdeen Weekly Journal
846:. 20 April 1927. p. 1.
820:The British Medical Journal
790:. 21 April 1927. p. 7.
529:Christmas Day in Jerusalem,
10:
2630:
2443:Marjorie Marshall-Cornwall
2145:Elizabeth Ness Mcbean Ross
2095:Katherine Stewart MacPhail
1496:Aberdeen Press and Journal
1415:The Yorkshire Evening Post
1139:. 26 July 1910. p. 3.
1104:The Aberdeen Daily Journal
1003:The Edinburgh Evening News
884:. National Archives. 1901.
561:A Lady Doctor at the Front
487:The book was described by
209:to serve in the parish of
18:Caroline Matthews (doctor)
2519:Harriet Christina Newcomb
2504:Margaret Helen Munro Kerr
2451:
2395:
2339:
2173:
1952:
1948:
1906:
1634:Sheffield Daily Telegraph
1528:Smith, Angela K. (2000).
1430:The Sheffield Independent
1194:The Birmingham Daily Mail
1173:Google Arts & Culture
1083:Google Arts & Culture
746:Catherine Twigge Matthews
611:In the hands of the enemy
446:The Sheffield Independent
424:Scottish Women's Hospital
341:Her former associates at
284:
121:
98:
90:
79:
68:
60:
48:
39:
32:
2321:Margaret Caroline C Ryle
1428:"Lady Doctor in Khaki".
184:Early life and education
142:Caroline Twigge Matthews
2594:1908 Messina earthquake
2306:Cicely Mary Leigh Pope
2201:Florence Missouri Caton
2155:Agnes Forbes Blackadder
2060:Honoria Somerville Keer
1619:The Belfast News-Letter
788:The Belfast News-Letter
444:' on the front page of
358:War service experiences
296:1908 Messina earthquake
158:1908 Messina earthquake
104:1908 Messina earthquake
2614:British women surgeons
2609:Italian women surgeons
2474:Violet Douglas-Pennant
2403:Mary Josephine Bedford
2085:Mary Lauchline McNeill
1375:Yorkshire Evening Post
943:"Census returns -1901"
677:
632:Personal life post-war
555:Hints of a Lady Doctor
531:in another article in
410:
388:In November 1912, in
310:
243:, radiologist pioneer
2459:Wilhelmina Hay Abbott
2413:Elsie Cameron Corbett
2231:Margaret Neill Fraser
1395:The Belfast Telegraph
914:The Wigton Advertiser
844:The Evening Telegraph
646:
408:
308:
2539:Leslie Joy Whitehead
2276:Margaret W Hutchison
2206:Margaret Cowie Crowe
2045:Isabel Emslie Hutton
1990:Lilian Violet Cooper
1960:Louisa Aldrich-Blake
1102:"Earthquake Items".
949:. 1901. 685/5 91/5.
716:Florence Nightingale
442:Lady Doctor in Khaki
330:, Calabria, where a
300:King Victor Emmanuel
178:Florence Nightingale
170:King Victor Emmanuel
126:King Victor Emmanuel
2452:Other support staff
2433:Rotha Lintorn-Orman
2418:Maud Doria Haviland
2387:Sara Payne Morrison
2347:Millicent Armstrong
2035:Laura Margaret Hope
1995:Elizabeth Courtauld
1773:Science Museum Blog
1038:. 1907. 685/4 801.
603:book, published by
510:The Yorkshire Post,
2362:Mary H J Henderson
2261:Evelina Haverfield
2241:Norah Neilson Gray
2191:Mary De Burgh Burt
2120:Gladys Miall-Smith
2080:Beatrice MacGregor
2030:Lydia Manley Henry
1591:. 20 January 1923.
1465:. 4 November 1916.
931:. 9 November 1901.
916:. 24 October 1903.
722:Evening Telegraph.
693:Death and memorial
411:
311:
207:Carlisle Cathedral
2551:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2534:Edith Anne Stoney
2514:Agnes T MacKenzie
2396:Ambulance drivers
2357:Kathleen N Dillon
2340:Nursing orderlies
2331:Caroline Toughill
2326:Bessie Sutherland
2286:Hughina McCulloch
2211:Margaret Davidson
2186:Elizabeth Bertram
2115:Caroline Matthews
2110:Louisa Martindale
2005:Georgina Davidson
1541:978-0-7190-5301-6
1450:. pp. 92–93.
1036:Scotland's People
947:Scotland's People
929:Wigton Advertiser
431:Serbian Red Cross
352:Italian Red Cross
261:Harvey Littlejohn
180:of the Balkans."
154:Italian Red Cross
150:war correspondent
139:
138:
130:Italian Red Cross
34:Caroline Matthews
16:(Redirected from
2621:
2604:Italian surgeons
2464:C Muriel Craigie
2438:Matilda McDowell
2428:Olive Kelso King
2296:Augusta Minshull
2271:Margaret Houston
2256:Katherine Harley
2181:Jean Aitken Bell
2130:Grace Pailthorpe
2075:Helen MacDougall
1975:Mary Alice Blair
1950:
1949:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1870:
1869:
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792:
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783:
605:Mills & Boon
478:Mills & Boon
263:and neurologist
44:
30:
29:
21:
2629:
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2624:
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2620:
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2554:
2553:
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2524:Alma Rattenbury
2494:Mary Henderson
2447:
2391:
2377:Isobel MacPhail
2335:
2251:Alice Annie Guy
2226:Louise E Fraser
2169:
2040:Alice Hutchison
2015:Edna Mary Guest
1944:
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1230:The Gentlewoman
1227:
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1208:
1201:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1177:
1175:
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1152:The Gentlewoman
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1122:The Gentlewoman
1119:
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936:
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851:
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827:
817:
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795:
785:
784:
771:
766:
741:
695:
638:Amy Maria Johns
634:
565:The Gentlewoman
551:
522:Alice Hutcheson
454:
403:
390:The Gentlewoman
375:Order of Danilo
365:
360:
344:The Gentlewoman
292:
287:
265:Alexander Bruce
257:William Russell
186:
174:Order of Danilo
134:Order of Danilo
55:
54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2627:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
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2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2499:Kathleen Innes
2496:
2491:
2486:
2484:Miles Franklin
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2440:
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2420:
2415:
2410:
2408:Elsie Bowerman
2405:
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2341:
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2334:
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2328:
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2318:
2313:
2308:
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2301:Bessie Murdoch
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2236:Violet Fraser
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2165:Eleanor Soltau
2162:
2157:
2152:
2150:Laura Sandeman
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2125:Ruth Nicholson
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2100:Louise McIlroy
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1965:Mary Alexander
1962:
1956:
1954:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1896:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1873:
1865:
1864:
1857:
1839:
1832:
1814:
1807:
1789:
1759:
1735:
1711:
1687:
1663:
1639:
1624:
1609:
1594:
1572:
1547:
1540:
1520:
1517:. p. 228.
1501:
1486:
1468:
1453:
1435:
1420:
1400:
1380:
1352:
1334:
1310:
1281:10.1086/493984
1275:(3): 422–450.
1255:
1235:
1217:
1214:. p. 104.
1199:
1184:
1157:
1142:
1127:
1109:
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1070:
1053:
1023:
1008:
993:
978:
964:
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887:
868:
849:
825:
793:
768:
767:
765:
762:
761:
760:
748:
740:
739:External links
737:
729:Science Museum
718:of the Balkans
694:
691:
633:
630:
629:
628:
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608:
598:
588:
578:
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558:
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291:
288:
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185:
182:
137:
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119:
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100:
99:Known for
96:
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81:
77:
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62:
58:
57:
52:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2401:
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2398:
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2378:
2375:
2373:
2372:Hilda Lorimer
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2352:Mabel Dearmer
2350:
2348:
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2281:Louisa Jordan
2279:
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2209:
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2199:
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2140:Elinor Rendel
2138:
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2055:Frances Ivens
2053:
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2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2010:Mary De Garis
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
2000:Elsie Dalyell
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1980:Lena Campbell
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1970:Agnes Bennett
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1938:
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1911:
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1858:9780428835866
1854:
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1833:9781334315688
1829:
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1808:9781340032296
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712:
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667:
664:
661:
660:Such child -
658:
655:
652:
649:
645:
643:
639:
626:
622:
619:
616:
612:
609:
607:London (1916)
606:
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589:
586:
582:
579:
576:
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569:
566:
562:
559:
556:
553:
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546:
544:
540:
535:
534:
530:
525:
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517:
516:officers'.
515:
511:
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503:
498:
494:
490:
485:
483:
479:
474:
473:
470:
466:
462:
458:
449:
447:
443:
438:
436:
432:
427:
426:'s doctors.
425:
421:
417:
407:
401:World War One
398:
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386:
383:
378:
376:
372:
371:
355:
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348:
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339:
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329:
325:
321:
316:
307:
303:
301:
297:
282:
280:
279:Sheriff Court
275:
272:
270:
267:, as well as
266:
262:
258:
254:
253:William Craig
250:
246:
245:Dawson Turner
242:
238:
234:
229:
228:, Scotland.
227:
223:
219:
214:
212:
211:Ravenstondale
208:
204:
200:
196:
191:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
166:World War One
163:
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147:
143:
135:
131:
127:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
105:
101:
97:
93:
91:Occupation(s)
89:
85:
82:
78:
74:
71:
69:Resting place
67:
63:
59:
51:
47:
43:
38:
31:
19:
2509:Hilda Petrie
2316:Ishobel Ross
2221:Lorna Ferris
2160:Jessie Scott
2114:
2050:Elsie Inglis
2025:Mabel Hardie
2020:Helen Hanson
1985:Lily Chesney
1925:Ostrovo Unit
1851:. Fb&c.
1848:
1842:
1826:. Fb&c.
1823:
1817:
1798:
1792:
1781:. Retrieved
1772:
1762:
1751:. Retrieved
1747:
1738:
1727:. Retrieved
1723:
1714:
1703:. Retrieved
1699:
1690:
1679:. Retrieved
1675:
1666:
1655:. Retrieved
1651:
1642:
1633:
1627:
1618:
1612:
1603:
1597:
1589:The Standard
1588:
1564:. Retrieved
1562:. 1916-12-15
1559:
1550:
1530:
1523:
1514:
1495:
1489:
1480:
1462:
1456:
1447:
1429:
1423:
1414:
1394:
1374:
1346:
1328:
1272:
1268:
1258:
1250:The Scotsman
1249:
1229:
1211:
1193:
1187:
1176:. Retrieved
1172:
1151:
1145:
1136:
1130:
1121:
1103:
1097:
1086:. Retrieved
1082:
1073:
1063:
1056:
1044:. Retrieved
1035:
1026:
1017:
1011:
1005:. p. 4.
1002:
996:
987:
981:
972:
967:
955:. Retrieved
946:
937:
928:
922:
913:
895:
890:
881:
862:
843:
819:
787:
755:
751:
725:
721:
713:
710:
696:
682:Spiritualism
678:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
641:
635:
624:
623:(article in
620:
614:
613:(article in
610:
600:
594:
593:(article in
590:
584:
583:(article in
580:
574:
573:(article in
570:
564:
563:(article in
560:
554:
549:Publications
542:
539:Flora Sandes
536:
532:
528:
526:
518:
509:
507:
488:
486:
481:
475:
471:
468:
465:The Courier,
464:
460:
456:
455:
445:
441:
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328:Cinquefronde
312:
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249:D.Noel Paton
241:W.I. Macadam
230:
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187:
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140:
2599:1877 births
2564:1927 deaths
2529:Olive Smith
2489:Edith Hacon
2291:Edith McKay
2266:Ruth Holden
2196:Kate Burton
2105:Janet McVea
2070:Sybil Lewis
2065:Janet Laird
1481:The Courier
1463:The Courier
707:Farnborough
642:Experiences
595:The Sphere)
575:The Sphere)
543:Experiences
533:The Sphere.
489:The Courier
336:yellow flag
302:'s Medal.
233:extra-mural
222:Masson Hall
162:Balkans War
111:World War I
86:, Edinburgh
2558:Categories
2423:Vera Holme
2382:Ethel Moir
2311:Janet Reid
2216:Agnes Earl
1919:Kragujevac
1783:2021-10-31
1753:2021-10-31
1729:2021-10-31
1705:2021-10-31
1681:2021-10-31
1657:2021-10-31
1566:2021-10-31
1515:The Sphere
1448:The Sphere
1347:The Sphere
1212:The Sphere
1178:2021-10-31
1088:2021-10-31
1046:1 November
957:1 November
764:References
625:The Sphere
615:The Sphere
585:The Sphere
502:Union Jack
493:diphtheria
480:in a book
457:The Sphere
416:The Sphere
382:The Sphere
370:The Sphere
320:Grenadiers
269:Dr. Cadell
128:'s Medal,
107:Montenegro
2479:Maud Ford
2246:Mary Grey
1914:Royaumont
1907:Locations
1305:143537982
1289:0097-9740
720:' in the
218:Edinburgh
190:Liverpool
80:Education
1930:Salonika
1777:Archived
1040:Archived
951:Archived
733:Wellcome
699:Sydenham
684:, and a
627:) (1916)
617:) (1916)
587:) (1915)
567:) (1912)
514:Teutonic
332:smallpox
199:Waverton
1953:Doctors
1297:3173946
750:Book '
705:, near
497:cholera
467:titled
435:Lucerne
203:Dundraw
156:in the
122:Honours
115:Serbian
113:in the
2174:Nurses
1935:Troyes
1921:Serbia
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686:medium
597:(1916)
577:(1913)
557:(1905)
285:Career
226:Aboyne
195:curate
53:Twigge
1301:S2CID
1293:JSTOR
1269:Signs
703:Downe
394:Syria
324:Dante
315:leper
201:-cum-
146:MBChB
84:MBChB
73:Downe
1940:Niš
1853:ISBN
1828:ISBN
1803:ISBN
1536:ISBN
1285:ISSN
1048:2021
959:2021
731:or
714:The
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164:and
109:and
64:1927
61:Died
56:1877
49:Born
1277:doi
420:Niš
197:at
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