40:
801:
281:
331:
696:, a failed attempt to restore constitutional government to Brazil. Duarte Costa formed a "Battalion of the Bishop" to fight on the side of the Constitutionalist troops and helped finance the battalion by selling off diocesan assets along with his own personal possessions. Duarte Costa's battalion never fought, however, which was a source of disappointment to him.
862:(May 3, 1948). These bishops had intended to establish similar autonomous Catholic national churches in several other Latin American countries. Relations between the bishops were not always good, and Duarte Costa fought bitterly with Ferraz from the earliest days of the ICAB. His most fractious and quarrelsome relationship was with
791:
on July 2, 1945. Upon being informed of his excommunication, Duarte Costa responded by saying, "I consider today one of the happiest days of my life." He immediately titled himself "Archbishop of Rio de
Janeiro" and told the press that he hoped soon to ordain ten married lawyers and professional men
629:
on July 21, 1888, at the residence of his uncle
Eduardo Duarte de Silva. His father was João Matta Francisco Costa and his mother was Maria Carlota Duarte da Silva Costa, who came from a family heavily involved in politics and public service. He completed his primary studies at the Salesian College
823:
ruled that the ICAB could reopen its doors on condition that the church use a modified liturgy and its clergy wear gray cassocks to minimize the potential for confusion with the black-colored Roman
Catholic clergy. The ICAB attracted the attention of scholars of Brazilian religions such as
818:
himself for an injunction against both him and the ICAB. On
September 27, 1948, the ICAB churches were closed by the courts, on the grounds that they were deceiving the public into thinking they were Catholic churches and clergy. Duarte Costa quickly filed an appeal, and in 1949 the
775:
After his release from prison Carlos Duarte Costa soon found himself in trouble again. In May 1945, Duarte Costa gave newspaper interviews accusing Brazil's papal nuncio of Nazi-Fascist spying, and accused Rome of having aided and abetted
758:
As long as he enjoyed the protection of
Cardinal Dom Sebastiao Leme da Silveira Cintra, Duarte Costa's political activism proceeded without much trouble. However, soon after the cardinal's death, Duarte Costa was formally accused by
814:(ICAB), Duarte Costa continued to use the same vestments, insignia, and rites as he had in the Roman Catholic Church. This provoked the cardinals of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro to appeal to the Minister of Justice and the
661:
seminary in
Uberaba, where he continued his philosophical and theological studies. He only narrowly managed to complete his studies and qualify for ordination, however, and his uncle intervened to vouch for his nephew.
780:. In addition, he announced plans to set up his own Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church, in which priests would be permitted to marry (and hold regular jobs in the lay world), personal confessions and the praying of
839:. Duarte Costa "began giving talks in Spiritist centers to publicize the new church" and "ICAB would go on to attract many members" of Freemasonry. Duarte Costa also "openly encouraged cooperation with
39:
1393:
673:, Duarte Costa served in the cathedral church of Uberaba under his uncle, Dom Eduardo Duarte da Silva, who, on April 1, 1911, ordained Duarte Costa to the priesthood.
1139:
280:
530:
1398:
500:
1296:
540:
574:
883:
709:, though no record of this survives. During this period he did become friends with another outspoken priest who would go on to achieve world fame,
435:
520:
1107:
1423:
705:
visit to Rome, meeting with Pope Pius XI. It is widely believed that he presented the pope with a list of radical reform proposals for the
1418:
151:
1378:
810:
642:
from the hands of his uncle, Dom
Eduardo Duarte da Silva (now a bishop), on July 24, 1897. That same year he was taken by his uncle to
800:
1388:
647:
605:
439:
1408:
681:
585:
581:
123:
828:, who described it as "having both a religious and a political program, the latter much in common with the Communist Party".
1143:
1340:
923:
866:
however, whom he repeatedly denounced as a fraud and a charlatan. Duarte Costa consecrated eleven ICAB bishops in total.
566:
305:
254:
60:
31:
1081:
330:
1092:
934:
423:
164:
1383:
1168:, English translation of the 1960 French edition, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007, p. 233.
1350:
863:
859:
787:
In response to Duarte Costa's continued insubordination, the
Vatican finally laid against him the penalty of
510:
110:
45:
701:
693:
1319:
1117:
601:
1403:
1413:
751:. Duarte Costa consistently maintained his left-wing allegiance, calling for the establishment of a "
706:
559:
234:
855:
490:
728:
In 1944 he gained further notoriety by writing a glowing preface to the
Brazilian translation of
1257:
1241:
1225:
1209:
1193:
1177:
1065:
1049:
1033:
1017:
998:
951:
593:
1166:
The
African Religions of Brazil: Towards a Sociology of the Interpenetration of Civilizations
820:
1373:
1368:
974:
854:
In the years immediately after founding the church, Duarte Costa consecrated four bishops,
760:
573:
church, and its international communion, which long after his death became the short-lived
570:
831:
Unlike the official Catholic Church in Brazil, the ICAB developed friendly relations with
8:
832:
815:
752:
888:
946:
763:
of being a communist sympathizer. He was arrested on June 6, 1944, and imprisoned in
1088:
930:
893:
179:
858:(August 15, 1945), Jorge Alves de Souza and Antidio Jose Vargas (both in 1946) and
851:
communities" when these are considered wholly incompatible with Roman Catholicism.
721:
In September 1937, Duarte Costa resigned from his episcopal post and was appointed
651:
213:
1274:
1112:
788:
740:
733:
631:
764:
722:
654:
626:
457:
258:
230:
209:
1362:
897:
825:
710:
589:
777:
748:
677:
658:
609:
848:
836:
744:
666:
612:
as "St. Carlos of Brazil" by the Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church.
178:(title not used during his lifetime) (Brazilian Catholic Apostolic) /
635:
175:
737:
597:
484:
Bishops consecrated by Carlos Duarte Costa as principal consecrator
657:. In 1905 he returned to Brazil for health reasons and entered an
844:
840:
784:
would be abolished and bishops would be elected by popular vote.
639:
402:
781:
670:
562:
461:
406:
341:
244:
49:
747:
known as "The Red Dean" for his uncompromising support of the
992:
1013:
1011:
271:
Charitas Christi Urget Nos ("The Love of Christ Compels Us")
643:
1008:
687:
630:
Santa Rosa, in Niterói, and at age nine, he received his
1262:
Carlos Duarte Costa: Testament of a Socialist Bishop
1198:
Carlos Duarte Costa: Testament of a Socialist Bishop
1182:
Carlos Duarte Costa: Testament of a Socialist Bishop
1003:
Carlos Duarte Costa: Testament of a Socialist Bishop
1394:
Primates of the Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church
1264:, Apocryphile Press, Berkeley CA, 2019, pp. 197-206
1248:, Apocryphile Press, Berkeley CA, 2018, pp. 111-115
1155:
from the Brazilian Supreme Court historical website
692:In 1932, Duarte Costa played an active role in the
1040:, Apocryphile Press, Berkeley CA, 2018, pp. 46-47.
884:"Ex-Priest's 'Sainthood' Irks Catholics in Brazil"
575:Worldwide Communion of Catholic Apostolic Churches
1232:, Apocryphile Press, Berkeley CA, 2018, pp. 78-79
1216:, Apocryphile Press, Berkeley CA, 2018, pp 77-109
1184:, Apocryphile Press, Berkeley CA, 2019, pp. 77–78
1005:, Apocryphile Press, Berkeley CA, 2019, pp. 30-31
1360:
924:"Igreja Católica Apostólica Brasileira IICAB)",
804:Duarte Costa consecrates Castillo Mendez in 1948
1246:God, Land & Freedom: The True Story of ICAB
1230:God, Land & Freedom: The True Story of ICAB
1214:God, Land & Freedom: The True Story of ICAB
1070:God, Land & Freedom: The True Story of ICAB
1054:God, Land & Freedom: The True Story of ICAB
1038:God, Land & Freedom: The True Story of ICAB
1022:God, Land & Freedom: The True Story of ICAB
269:O Senhor é a Minha Luz ("The Lord is my Light")
1200:, Apocryphile Press, Berkeley CA, 2019, p. 59
1056:, Apocryphile Press, Berkeley CA, 2018, p. 49
1024:, Apocryphile Press, Berkeley CA, 2018, p. 42
558:(July 21, 1888 – March 26, 1961) was a
48:(right) during the episcopal consecration in
1399:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
1072:, Apocryphile Press, Berkeley CA, 2018, p 16
152:Joaquim Arcoverde de Albuquerque Cavalcanti
755:" in contrast to "Roman Church Fascism".
620:
279:
38:
1102:
1100:
919:
917:
915:
913:
799:
926:Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements
795:
1361:
928:, (Peter Clarke, ed.), Routledge, 2004
699:In 1936, Duarte Costa made his second
688:Attempts at church and societal reform
1097:
910:
811:Igreja Católica Apostólica Brasileira
132:Bishop of Rio de Janeiro (1945-death)
1327:Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church
1424:Founders of new religious movements
1341:Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church
567:Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church
306:Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church
255:Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church
129:Titular Bishop of Maura (1937-1945)
61:Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church
32:Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church
13:
1419:Roman Catholic bishops of Botucatu
770:
716:
14:
1435:
1379:People from Rio de Janeiro (city)
1086:, Columbia University Press, 2016
648:Pontifical Latin American College
1140:""Freedom of Religious Worship""
625:Carlos Duarte Costa was born in
596:, but in culmination of several
329:
1389:Independent Catholic patriarchs
1251:
1235:
1219:
1203:
1187:
1171:
1158:
1132:
1116:. July 23, 1945. Archived from
1075:
1059:
1043:
1027:
967:
939:
876:
792:as priests in his new church.
565:who became the founder of the
1:
1409:20th-century Brazilian clergy
1351:Luis Fernando Castillo Mendez
869:
864:Luis Fernando Castillo Mendez
860:Luis Fernando Castillo Mendez
604:issues (such as his views on
511:Luis Fernando Castillo Mendez
440:Benedito Paulo Alves de Souza
111:Luis Fernando Castillo Mendez
46:Luis Fernando Castillo Mendez
1288:Diocesan Bishop of Botucatu
947:"Bishop Carlos Duarte Costa"
694:Constitutionalist Revolution
615:
424:Sebastião da Silveira Cintra
165:Sebastião da Silveira Cintra
7:
1320:Cipriano Biyehima Kihangire
582:Catholic Bishop of Botucatu
10:
1440:
680:nominated Duarte Costa as
1347:
1337:
1331:
1326:
1316:
1309:
1303:
1293:
1286:
1280:
1273:
707:Catholic Church in Brazil
608:). Duarte Costa has been
539:
529:
519:
509:
499:
489:
482:
475:
471:
453:
445:
429:
419:
412:
398:
390:
383:
376:
372:
359:
347:
337:
328:
315:
300:
292:
287:
275:
265:
250:
240:
220:
191:
186:
170:
157:
144:
139:
116:
106:
98:
90:
82:
74:
66:
56:
44:Duarte Costa (left) with
37:
28:
21:
16:Brazilian Catholic bishop
1311:Titular Bishop of Maura
1108:"Religion: Rebel in Rio"
761:the Brazilian government
821:Brazilian Supreme Court
808:After establishing the
621:Early life and ministry
1283:Lúcio Antunes de Souza
1275:Catholic Church titles
952:Catholic-Hierarchy.org
856:Salomão Barbosa Ferraz
805:
732:by the Very Reverend
531:Pedro dos Santos Silva
491:Salomão Barbosa Ferraz
436:Alberto José Gonçalves
414:Episcopal consecration
1384:Apostolic pronotaries
803:
420:Principal consecrator
362:Ordination history of
975:"História da Igreja"
796:Founding of the ICAB
571:Independent Catholic
477:Episcopal succession
296:São Carlos do Brasil
1084:The Other Catholics
753:Christian communism
556:Carlos Duarte Costa
501:Antidio Jose Vargas
385:Priestly ordination
366:Carlos Duarte Costa
322:Carlos Duarte Costa
196:Carlos Duarte Costa
23:Carlos Duarte Costa
889:The New York Times
806:
682:Bishop of Botucatu
560:Brazilian Catholic
124:Bishop of Botucatu
1404:Brazilian bishops
1357:
1356:
1348:Succeeded by
1317:Succeeded by
1297:Antonio Colturato
1294:Succeeded by
979:Igreja Brasileira
955:. David M. Cheney
676:On July 4, 1924,
606:clerical celibacy
592:, ultimately for
553:
552:
549:
548:
541:Orlando Acre Moya
467:
466:
355:
354:
311:
310:
1431:
1414:Brazilian saints
1334:Position created
1332:Preceded by
1304:Preceded by
1281:Preceded by
1271:
1270:
1265:
1255:
1249:
1239:
1233:
1223:
1217:
1207:
1201:
1191:
1185:
1175:
1169:
1162:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1142:. Archived from
1136:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1120:on March 7, 2021
1104:
1095:
1079:
1073:
1063:
1057:
1047:
1041:
1031:
1025:
1015:
1006:
996:
990:
989:
987:
986:
971:
965:
964:
962:
960:
943:
937:
921:
908:
907:
905:
904:
880:
730:The Soviet Power
646:to study at the
545:30 November 1956
478:
473:
472:
432:
379:
374:
373:
367:
363:
357:
356:
348:Posthumous style
333:
323:
318:
313:
312:
283:
227:
205:
203:
187:Personal details
117:Previous post(s)
102:Position created
42:
19:
18:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1344:
1335:
1322:
1313:
1307:
1299:
1290:
1284:
1269:
1268:
1256:
1252:
1240:
1236:
1224:
1220:
1208:
1204:
1192:
1188:
1176:
1172:
1164:Roger Bastide,
1163:
1159:
1149:
1147:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1121:
1106:
1105:
1098:
1080:
1076:
1064:
1060:
1048:
1044:
1032:
1028:
1016:
1009:
997:
993:
984:
982:
981:(in Portuguese)
973:
972:
968:
958:
956:
945:
944:
940:
922:
911:
902:
900:
882:
881:
877:
872:
798:
789:excommunication
773:
771:Excommunication
734:Hewlett Johnson
719:
717:Bishop of Maura
690:
632:first communion
623:
618:
535:4 November 1956
505:8 December 1946
485:
476:
449:8 December 1924
438:
431:Co-consecrators
430:
415:
386:
377:
368:
365:
364:
361:
338:Religious style
321:
319:
316:
270:
229:
225:
216:
207:
201:
199:
198:
197:
162:
161:8 December 1924
149:
135:
52:
30:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1437:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1346:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1315:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1292:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1267:
1266:
1258:Jarvis, Edward
1250:
1242:Jarvis, Edward
1234:
1226:Jarvis, Edward
1218:
1210:Jarvis, Edward
1202:
1194:Jarvis, Edward
1186:
1178:Jarvis, Edward
1170:
1157:
1131:
1096:
1082:Byrne, Julie.
1074:
1066:Jarvis, Edward
1058:
1050:Jarvis, Edward
1042:
1034:Jarvis, Edward
1026:
1018:Jarvis, Edward
1007:
999:Jarvis, Edward
991:
966:
938:
909:
892:. 1973-08-03.
874:
873:
871:
868:
797:
794:
772:
769:
765:Belo Horizonte
723:titular bishop
718:
715:
689:
686:
655:minor seminary
627:Rio de Janeiro
622:
619:
617:
614:
586:excommunicated
551:
550:
547:
546:
543:
537:
536:
533:
527:
526:
523:
517:
516:
513:
507:
506:
503:
497:
496:
495:15 August 1945
493:
487:
486:
483:
480:
479:
469:
468:
465:
464:
458:Rio de Janeiro
455:
451:
450:
447:
443:
442:
433:
427:
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416:
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410:
409:
400:
396:
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388:
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353:
352:
349:
345:
344:
339:
335:
334:
326:
325:
309:
308:
302:
298:
297:
294:
293:Title as Saint
290:
289:
285:
284:
277:
273:
272:
267:
263:
262:
259:Roman Catholic
252:
248:
247:
242:
238:
237:
231:Rio de Janeiro
228:(aged 72)
224:March 26, 1961
222:
218:
217:
210:Rio de Janeiro
208:
195:
193:
189:
188:
184:
183:
174:Considered as
172:
168:
167:
159:
155:
154:
146:
142:
141:
137:
136:
134:
133:
130:
127:
120:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
78:Rio de Janeiro
76:
72:
71:
70:Rio de Janeiro
68:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
43:
35:
34:
29:Founder of the
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1436:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1352:
1343:
1342:
1339:Patriarch of
1330:
1325:
1321:
1312:
1302:
1298:
1289:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1167:
1161:
1146:on 2005-03-12
1145:
1141:
1135:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1103:
1101:
1094:
1093:9780231541701
1090:
1087:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1004:
1000:
995:
980:
976:
970:
954:
953:
948:
942:
936:
935:9781134499700
932:
929:
927:
920:
918:
916:
914:
899:
895:
891:
890:
885:
879:
875:
867:
865:
861:
857:
852:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
829:
827:
826:Roger Bastide
822:
817:
813:
812:
802:
793:
790:
785:
783:
779:
768:
766:
762:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
739:
735:
731:
726:
724:
714:
712:
711:Helder Camara
708:
704:
703:
697:
695:
685:
683:
679:
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663:
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656:
653:
649:
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637:
633:
628:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
590:Pope Pius XII
587:
583:
578:
576:
572:
568:
564:
561:
557:
544:
542:
538:
534:
532:
528:
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518:
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502:
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494:
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459:
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452:
448:
444:
441:
437:
434:
428:
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418:
411:
408:
404:
401:
397:
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375:
371:
358:
350:
346:
343:
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336:
332:
327:
324:
314:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
286:
282:
278:
274:
268:
264:
260:
256:
253:
249:
246:
243:
239:
236:
232:
223:
219:
215:
211:
206:July 21, 1888
194:
190:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
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156:
153:
147:
143:
138:
131:
128:
125:
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119:
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109:
105:
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97:
94:26 March 1961
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
51:
47:
41:
36:
33:
27:
20:
1345:1945 – 1961
1338:
1314:1937 - 1945
1310:
1291:1924 – 1937
1287:
1261:
1253:
1245:
1237:
1229:
1221:
1213:
1205:
1197:
1189:
1181:
1173:
1165:
1160:
1148:. Retrieved
1144:the original
1134:
1122:. Retrieved
1118:the original
1111:
1083:
1077:
1069:
1061:
1053:
1045:
1037:
1029:
1021:
1002:
994:
983:. Retrieved
978:
969:
957:. Retrieved
950:
941:
925:
901:. Retrieved
887:
878:
853:
830:
809:
807:
786:
778:Adolf Hitler
774:
757:
749:Soviet Union
729:
727:
720:
700:
698:
691:
678:Pope Pius XI
675:
664:
624:
579:
555:
554:
521:Milton Cunha
320:
276:Coat of arms
251:Denomination
226:(1961-03-26)
182:- (Catholic)
158:Consecration
1374:1961 deaths
1369:1888 births
837:Freemasonry
659:Augustinian
580:The former
525:5 June 1960
241:Nationality
126:(1924-1937)
99:Predecessor
86:5 July 1945
1363:Categories
1150:2007-07-06
985:2021-03-01
959:21 January
903:2021-03-01
870:References
745:Canterbury
725:of Maura.
667:ordination
515:3 May 1948
394:4 May 1911
257:(formerly
202:1888-07-21
148:4 May 1911
145:Ordination
91:Term ended
898:0362-4331
849:Candomblé
833:Spiritism
816:President
702:ad limina
636:cathedral
616:Biography
610:canonized
602:canonical
598:doctrinal
584:, he was
317:Styles of
301:Canonized
288:Sainthood
245:Brazilian
176:Patriarch
107:Successor
83:Installed
1124:March 7,
782:rosaries
738:Anglican
304:by
163:by
150:by
845:Macumba
841:Umbanda
640:Uberaba
634:in the
403:Uberaba
378:History
67:Diocese
1306:Vacant
1091:
933:
896:
736:, the
671:deacon
665:After
652:Jesuit
594:schism
563:bishop
462:Brazil
407:Brazil
342:Bishop
235:Brazil
214:Brazil
180:Bishop
140:Orders
57:Church
50:Panama
669:as a
569:, an
454:Place
399:Place
351:Saint
266:Motto
1126:2021
1113:Time
1089:ISBN
961:2015
931:ISBN
894:ISSN
847:and
835:and
741:Dean
650:, a
644:Rome
600:and
446:Date
391:Date
221:Died
192:Born
171:Rank
743:of
638:of
588:by
75:See
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1244:,
1228:,
1212:,
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