352:"is the more densely settled, often stringlike, area of habitation along the major avenues of transportation. Generally, this area includes the railroads, which are frequently paralleled by the major highways, bus routes, and by the public utilities such as telephone and telegraph lines, gas lines, and power distribution facilities. Here also, are found the larger towns and cities and all that they imply--specialized and enlarged wholesaling and retailing; banking; shipping and processing for livestock and grain; storage; and specialization in hospital and medical-care facilities."
361:," which he states, "historically was the supply agent at the army post before the day when the army maintained its own supply services." The "yonland" as defined by Kraenzel is "the area 'out yonder,' out of the sutland; the area without adequate services." They are the smaller areas dispersed among the sutland areas. There is also an "in-between" area defined by Kraenzel as being smaller towns without the major transportation systems and public services of the sutland and a difficulty in finding a sustainable population to maintain smaller services and facilities.
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the communities in the sutland. Higher education is a popular example of the pull-factor, where due to the larger colleges and universities being located on the far edges of the plains or outside the region all together. Shopping, entertainment, sports, and cultural events are further example of the push-pull factor as it applies to the sutland/yonland theory because they draw residents of the Great Plains to other cities to take part in what their own communities are too small to support.
255:, where he received his Ph.D. in 1935. While at the University of Wisconsin, Kraenzel conducted research under Dr. E. L. Kirkpatrick on a study of relief in relation to rural rehabilitation in the Great Lakes states area of Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. Upon completion of the study, Kraenzel returned to Wisconsin to act as Coordinator between the Wisconsin Emergency Relief Administration and the Wisconsin College of Agriculture. Kraenzel served as a professor of sociology at
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Kraenzel's theory of the sutland and yonland is significant because of the role of interdependence it creates. The yonland is dependent upon the sutland for services and the sutland is dependent upon the yonland for materials and resources. The sutland and yonland also produce a social organization
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factor related to the hinterlands of the Great Plains and the core of large cities on the edge of the Great Plains as well as throughout the country. Kraenzel's examination of the push-pull factor applies to his sutland and yonland theory because of the population fluctuations that emerge, shifting
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and cultural adaptation are two of the important elements of
Kraenzel's examination of the Great Plains, where the residents of the Great Plains must reside in the region and develop its needed facilities and institutions in order to cooperate with and become equal to the other regions in the United
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Kraenzel also states that this area includes high school facilities, colleges or universities, larger churches, and governmental agencies, state and federal. While it shares some commonalities with a core or center in the hinterland theory, that is only half correct. It shares some parts of the
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Farm population and rural life activities : review of current research and other related projects of the
Division of Farm Population and Rural Life and institutions and agencies cooperating; issued quarterly by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, United States Department of Agriculture,
243:, Kraenzel grew up on a farm in the countryside of the Northern Great Plains and witnessed first-hand the challenges of rural life and living in the region. Kraenzel attended the University of North Dakota for his undergraduate degree, and continued on to do graduate work at the
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Kraenzel created his own theory of the study of communities on the Great Plains that focus around two areas: the "sutland" and the "yonland," particularly related to the social and community life of a region. While there is a similarity to the
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Today, with the celebration of social and community life, especially on the Great Plains, regionalism and the relationship between the sutland and the yonland are just as important as ever to understanding the inhabitants of the plains.
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203:, covering a range of topics including quality of life, power relations, resource use, and mental health. Kraenzel has been widely published in a variety of professional journals,
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United States. Bureau of
Agricultural Economics. Division of Farm Population and Rural Life; United States. Bureau of Agricultural Economics (1934).
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theory in these terms, Kraenzel insists these terms are separate still as all the plains are hinterland. The "sutland," according to
Kraenzel:
219:, describes the challenges of social life and connections to the natural environments in the North American semiarid region located between the
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Social Forces in Rural
Communities of Sparsely Populated Areas; Findings and Recommendations Growing Out of a Mental Health Study.
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The
Northern Plains in a World of Change: A Study Outline for Adult Groups in the Northern Plains of Canada and the United States.
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Social forces in rural communities of sparsely populated areas; findings and recommendations growing out of a mental health study
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The northern plains in a world of change: a study outline for adult groups in the northern plains of Canada and the United States
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States. While neither of these two terms are unique to
Kraenzel and his study alone, they add to the greater discussion.
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core, but on a much smaller scale and often in specialized agricultural ways. Kraenzel termed sutland from the term "
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440:. National Agricultural Library U. S. Department of Agriculture. Washington, D.C. : The Bureau.
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American
Sociological Association Newsletter “Footnotes” October 1980 (Volume 8, Number 7), p. 11
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Montana's
Population Changes, 1920 to 1950: Especially as to Numbers and Composition.
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Montana's population changes, 1920 to 1950: especially as to numbers and composition
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516:. Bozeman, Mont.: Endowment and Research Foundation at Montana State University.
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trend for the Great Plains of four areas, divided among the two areas:
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Kraenzel's work has added greatly to the historical discussion of the
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Endowment and
Research Foundation at Montana State University, 1980.
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Kraenzel, Carl Frederick; Thompson, Watson; Craig, Glenn H (1942).
207:, research bulletins, special reports, and books in the fields of
267:, from 1968 to 1973. Carl F. Kraenzel died on July 16, 1980, in
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sociology, and natural resource sociology. His best known work,
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Montana State College, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1956.
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has greatly influenced the study of Great Plains history.
199:. Most of Kraenzel's work focuses on the people of the
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Kraenzel, Carl Frederick; MacDonald, Frances H (1971).
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591:. Bozeman: Montana Agricultural Experiment Station.
560:Kraenzel, Carl Frederick; Engstrom, George (1956).
195:(November 1, 1906 – July 26, 1980) was an American
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227:. While Kraenzel may not have been a historian,
322:Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, 1971.
636:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 208.
621:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 196.
541:. Toronto?: Printed by Gregory-Cartwright.
452:"Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek"
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295:The Social Cost of Space in the Yonland.
664:People from Morton County, North Dakota
513:The social cost of space in the Yonland
327:Impact on the study of the Great Plains
302:Works in association with other authors
694:University of Texas at El Paso faculty
684:University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
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263:from 1935 to 1968, and later at the
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510:Kraenzel, Carl Frederick (1980).
475:Kraenzel, Carl Frederick (1955).
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689:Montana State University faculty
375:The village as a service station
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286:The Great Plains in Transition.
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619:The Great Plains in Transition
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265:University of Texas at El Paso
229:The Great Plains in Transition
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310:Gregory-Cartwright, 1942.
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257:Montana State University
177:Montana State University
632:Kraenzel, Carl (1955).
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253:University of Wisconsin
245:University of Minnesota
193:Carl Frederick Kraenzel
131:University of Wisconsin
77:Carl Frederick Kraenzel
38:, as no other articles
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269:Las Cruces, New Mexico
146:Great Plains sociology
115:Las Cruces, New Mexico
669:American sociologists
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335:and its influences.
241:Hebron, North Dakota
97:Hebron, North Dakota
16:American sociologist
249:Harvard University
57:for suggestions.
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107:July 26, 1980
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459:. Retrieved
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109:(1980-07-26)
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659:1980 deaths
654:1906 births
392:There is a
337:Regionalism
280:Major works
197:sociologist
648:Categories
461:2018-12-08
405:References
346:hinterland
251:, and the
205:monographs
89:1906-11-01
53:; try the
40:link to it
394:push-pull
235:Biography
43:. Please
386:The city
383:The town
380:Sutland
369:Yonland
275:Writings
239:Born in
223:and the
140:Work on
62:May 2017
572:6978571
547:3386025
522:7459460
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291:, 1955.
261:Bozeman
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359:sutler
159:Fields
36:orphan
34:is an
593:OCLC
568:OCLC
543:OCLC
518:OCLC
493:OCLC
483:ISBN
104:Died
83:Born
259:in
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