40:
185:
are frequently reported in association with carcinocythemia. The prognosis is poor: a review of 26 patients found that 85% died within 6 months of the diagnosis, with an average time of 6.1 weeks between diagnosis and death.
189:
The amount of tumour cells on the blood smear can range from 1 to 80 percent of the total white blood cell count, with lower percentages being more common. Carcinocythemia is distinct from the presence of
765:
Chang, Yuan-Hsin; Hsieh, Ruey-Kuen; Chang, Ming-Chi; Chen, Gon-Shen (2007). "Breast cancer with an unusual leukemia-like presentation: case report and literature review".
153:. It is an extremely rare condition, with 33 cases identified in the literature from 1960 to 2018. Carcinocythemia typically occurs secondary to infiltration of the
264:. Tumour cells are often found at the edge of the blood smear due to their large size, so this area should be examined thoroughly if carcinocythemia is suspected.
972:
Sá e Lemos, Eva; Lima de
Carvalho, Hugo; Gil da Costa, Rui M.; Pinto da Cunha, Nazaré (2018). "Carcinocythemia: First report in a cat and literature review".
194:(CTCs), as CTCs usually occur in such low quantities that they cannot be seen on blood smear examination, requiring special techniques for detection.
847:
685:
657:
658:
Michael
Caligiuri; Marcel M. Levi; Kenneth Kaushansky; Marshall A. Lichtman, Josef Prchal, Linda J Burns, Oliver W Press (23 December 2015).
941:
924:
861:
Ashworth, T.R. (1869). "(1869) A Case of Cancer in Which Cells
Similar to Those in the Tumours Were Seen in the Blood after Death".
389:
Ogura, Kanako; Amano, Maki; Matsumoto, Toshiharu; Sakaguchi, Asumi; Kosaka, Taijiro; Kitabatake, Toshiaki; Kojima, Kuniaki (2015).
573:"Carcinocythemia: A rare entity becoming more common? A 3-year, single institution series of seven cases and literature review"
182:
880:
Carey, Robert W.; Taft, Priscilla D.; Bennett, John M.; Kaufman, Sheldon (1976). "Carcinocythemia (carcinoma cell leukemia)".
669:
642:
530:
365:
was first used in 1976 by Robert Carey. In 1984, a review of 10 cases was published, noting the condition's poor prognosis.
39:
355:
The presence of tumour cells in the peripheral blood of a cancer patient was first described in an 1869 case report in the
291:
1017:
245:
cells. Features that aid in distinguishing tumour cells from other cells include their very large size, mature
290:, a profile that is non-specific but unusual for hematologic malignancies. In some cases, flow cytometry and
357:
256:, and their tendency to appear in clumps or clusters, although some of these characteristics are shared by
202:
The mechanism of carcinocythemia is poorly understood. Some patients with carcinocythemia show evidence of
207:
571:
Ronen, Shira; Kroft, Steven H.; Olteanu, Horatiu; Hosking, Paul R.; Harrington, Alexandra M. (2019).
1032:
191:
815:
301:
1042:
925:"Carcinocythemia (carcinoma cell leukemia). Report of two cases with english literature review"
632:
174:
150:
87:
518:
373:
As of 2018, there were two documented cases of carcinocythemia in dogs and one case in a cat.
841:
391:"Occult Breast Lobular Carcinoma with Numerous Circulating Tumor Cells in Peripheral Blood"
271:
8:
227:
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of malignant cells, could contribute to the presence of tumour cells in the blood.
108:
659:
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454:
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10.1002/1097-0142(19840301)53:5<1100::AID-CNCR2820530514>3.0.CO;2-K
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279:
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146:
92:
778:
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993:
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786:
726:
631:
Noel
Weidner; Richard J. Cote; Saul Suster; Lawrence M. Weiss (8 July 2009).
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480:
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332:
230:. If the number of suspicious cells is low, a smear can be prepared from the
170:
112:
48:
1001:
794:
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322:
211:
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104:
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Images of carcinocythemia at the
American Society of Hematology image bank
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909:
833:
817:
816:
Lugassy G, Vorst EJ, Varon D, Sigler E, Shani A, Bassous-Guedj L. (1990).
516:
407:
818:"Carcinocythemia. Report of two cases, one simulating a Burkitt lymphoma"
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is indicated in carcinocythemia to better characterize the tumour cells.
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80:
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Carcinocythemia must be distinguished from the following conditions:
261:
253:
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123:
298:
and chromosomal abnormalities associated with hematologic diseases.
294:
results may be misleading, as circulating tumour cells can exhibit
242:
96:
65:
517:
Irma
Pereira; Tracy I. George; Daniel A. Arber (7 December 2011).
237:
Tumour cells in peripheral blood may look similar to circulating
701:"The emerging role of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer"
142:
274:
techniques can help determine the lineage of the cells. When
388:
287:
283:
177:, and usually appears late in the course of the disease.
570:
879:
523:
Atlas of
Peripheral Blood: The Primary Diagnostic Tool
47:
A case of carcinocythemia. The large, round cells are
525:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 185–7.
206:, and it has been suggested that dysfunction of the
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452:
916:
519:"Chapter 20: Nonhematopoietic tumors in the blood"
923:Gallivan, Monica V. E.; Lokich, Jacob J. (1984).
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453:Johnsrud, Andrew J.; Pina-Oviedo, Sergio (2017).
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141:, is a condition in which cells from malignant
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577:International Journal of Laboratory Hematology
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234:of the blood sample to concentrate the cells.
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222:Carcinocythemia can be detected on a routine
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846:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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637:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 1593–.
455:"Carcinocythemia (carcinoma cell leukemia)"
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51:cells circulating in the peripheral blood.
38:
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470:
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307:
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321:Circulating immature cells secondary to
169:Carcinocythemia occurs most commonly in
1025:
664:. McGraw-Hill Education. p. 658.
183:disseminated intravascular coagulation
161:and carries a very poor prognosis.
128:Poor; 15% survival rate at 6 months
13:
103:, circulating immature cells from
14:
1054:
1011:
882:The American Journal of Medicine
863:The Medical Journal of Australia
368:
699:Krishnamurthy, Savitri (2012).
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1:
974:Veterinary Clinical Pathology
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894:10.1016/0002-9343(76)90437-X
472:10.1182/blood-2017-08-799882
358:Medical Journal of Australia
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197:
7:
16:Tumour cells on blood smear
10:
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350:
282:, the cells are generally
208:reticuloendothelial system
149:origin are visible on the
779:10.1007/s12032-007-0048-2
634:Modern Surgical Pathology
395:Case Reports in Pathology
286:negative and may express
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71:
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204:impaired spleen function
192:circulating tumour cells
661:Williams Hematology, 9E
302:Bone marrow examination
139:carcinoma cell leukemia
33:Carcinoma cell leukemia
308:Differential diagnosis
175:small cell lung cancer
151:peripheral blood smear
88:Differential diagnosis
268:Cytochemical staining
75:Usually secondary to
705:Cancer Cytopathology
272:immunohistochemistry
408:10.1155/2015/135684
228:manual differential
718:10.1002/cncy.20207
590:10.1111/ijlh.12924
342:Leukemoid reaction
101:leukemoid reaction
986:10.1111/vcp.12565
671:978-0-07-183300-4
644:978-1-4377-1958-1
532:978-1-4511-6366-7
329:endothelial cells
247:nuclear chromatin
159:metastatic cancer
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109:endothelial cells
77:metastatic cancer
19:Medical condition
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258:megakaryoblasts
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135:Carcinocythemia
25:Carcinocythemia
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323:chemotherapy
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212:phagocytosis
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165:Presentation
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105:chemotherapy
361:. The term
337:osteoclasts
224:blood smear
155:bone marrow
117:osteoclasts
81:bone marrow
30:Other names
1027:Categories
869:: 146–147.
822:Acta Cytol
377:References
262:monoblasts
251:vacuolated
249:pattern,
232:buffy coat
179:Thrombosis
62:Hematology
994:0275-6382
951:0008-543X
902:0002-9343
787:1357-0560
727:1934-662X
680:cite book
599:1751-5521
481:0006-4971
417:2090-6781
254:cytoplasm
218:Diagnosis
198:Mechanism
124:Prognosis
57:Specialty
1038:Leukemia
1002:29360147
803:20417675
795:18188722
743:36422597
735:22275137
615:52278041
607:30216684
489:29170195
435:26199779
346:Lymphoma
243:lymphoma
97:lymphoma
66:oncology
959:6362836
910:1062163
834:2157324
426:4496473
401:: 1–6.
351:History
145:of non-
143:tumours
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239:blasts
72:Causes
799:S2CID
739:S2CID
611:S2CID
459:Blood
998:PMID
990:ISSN
955:PMID
947:ISSN
906:PMID
898:ISSN
848:link
830:PMID
791:PMID
783:ISSN
731:PMID
723:ISSN
686:link
666:ISBN
639:ISBN
603:PMID
595:ISSN
527:ISBN
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431:PMID
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399:2015
292:FISH
288:CD56
284:CD45
270:and
260:and
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