166:
181:
132:
893:, post office, police station and telegraph building. The undersea cable to the United Kingdom, which unbeknownst to the Germans had been inoperable for more than three months, was severed. As they took control of the town without encountering any opposition, the Germans also seized a cache of rifles which had been used by the Norwegian authorities to provide military training to civilian volunteers in the months prior to the invasion. Before the Germans reached the
195:
146:
554:
471:
The German force landed unopposed, with the
Norwegian torpedo boat based in the town choosing to evacuate rather than take up the fight against the surprising arrival of the Germans. The Norwegian naval commander cited concern for civilian casualties and a glum view of his chances as reasons for not
877:
seaplane (F.328) landed in the harbour next to the German torpedo boat. The
Norwegian seaplane was one of four that had escaped from Kristiansand before the German attack on that city. Before the Germans reacted to the M.F.11, the Norwegian aircrew realised that Arendal had been captured, and took
533:
the next day ordered the invasion of Norway. Among Hitler's stated reasons for invading Norway was a need to pre-empt a potential
British landing in Norway, a desire to secure the iron ore and other natural resources originating in or being supplied through Norway, and to secure Germany's northern
933:
county, surviving several air attacks during the time. After considering evacuating the torpedo boats to the United
Kingdom, and dismissing the idea as infeasible, Lieutenant Holthe and the other commanders scuttled their vessels off Lyngør on 17 April. The crews went home and the ship commanders
941:
Although the population of
Arendal had reacted calmly to the German invasion, rumours soon began to circulate about a supposed Allied bombing raid scheduled for 12:00 on 10 April. Most of Arendal's population fled the town in panic in the early hours of 10 April. It took several days before the
579:
in
Germany. Arendal was also important as a telegraph junction for the southern parts of Norway, with German personnel tasked to listen in on Norwegian communications. Isolating Norway from the outside world was an important part of the German effort at pacifying the Norwegian population and
841:
in order to operate as a group. Norwegian neutrality rules regulated that since
Arendal was not a protected war port, Lieutenant Holthe was required to have orders before opening fire at any intruder. As he had no orders or information to act on, and
566:
In the plans for an attack on Norway presented on 29 February 1940 to Hitler by
General von Falkenhorst, Arendal was one of the Norwegian towns and cities to be captured in the initial invasion wave. Like the port town of Egersund, which was also
771:
In accordance with
Norwegian mobilization plans a company of infantry was supposed to be set up to defend Arendal. However, no mobilization orders had been issued prior to the German attack, so the town lay undefended on the landward side.
793:
arrived at
Arendal at 08:20. At 01:00, still more than seven hours from their objective, the Germans had received radio reports of fighting taking place in the Oslofjord. All the lighthouses along the southern Norwegian coast, from
475:
While the initial German occupation of Arendal took place without serious incident, panic broke out the following day and led to many civilians abandoning the town, following unfounded rumours of an incoming British bomber raid.
660:. Some of the German survivors told Norwegian police officers that they had been on their way to Bergen to "help the Norwegian government protect the country's neutrality". Twelve wounded Germans were admitted for treatment at
953:
On 14 April, five days after the German invasion of Norway and the bloodless conquest of their town, a number of Arendal's citizens founded the Arendal Group. The Arendal Group is generally regarded as the first organized
788:
von Lyncker to decrease the vessel's speed, delaying the arrival at Arendal. According to the operational plans for the invasion, all the German landing groups were to arrive at their targets simultaneously at 04:15.
491:
After the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, Norway declared her neutrality in the conflict. During the following months Norwegian neutrality was repeatedly ignored and violated by both the
856:
reached the quay without encountering any resistance other than a few rifle rounds fired by a customs officer and his son. The 100-strong landing force quickly disembarked and occupied the town. By 09:00,
479:
Five days after the German occupation of Arendal, the town saw the establishment of the first organized resistance group in Norway. The Arendal Group operated from 14 April 1940 until crushed by the
718:
170:
622:
869:
considered carrying out an attack, but avoided engaging due to the fire power of the German warship, and the numerous civilian onlookers crowding the quay area. As
287:
1377:
983:
575:
between Norway and the United Kingdom. The Germans set out to cut the cable to the United Kingdom, as well as securing the telegraph cables to Denmark and
836:
1517:
962:
during the Second World War. The group, mostly men employed in the shipping industry, initially functioned to provide supplies to the Norwegian forces
1522:
988:
806:
personnel as she made her way through the narrows leading to the town, the reports of the intruding warship did not reach Lieutenant Holthe on board
751:
508:
were ill-equipped, poorly trained, only partially mobilized, and unable to efficiently defend Norwegian territory against neutrality violations.
917:
out of the harbour and set up an ambush east of the town in case the German warship came back in that direction. Some time later on 9 April,
538:
easier access to the Atlantic Ocean. Hitler's concern about potential British landings in Norway was encouraged by Norwegian fascist leader
830:
727:
280:
69:
764:, Lieutenant Holthe had put his 18-man crew on increased readiness and brought up ammunition for the vessel's 37 mm guns and
946:
von Wesentahl arranged meetings with the local Norwegian authorities to ensure their cooperation in accordance with the rules of
273:
1429:
798:
in the west to the Swedish border in the east had been turned off the previous evening, on the orders of Commanding Admiral
959:
705:
701:. The signals personnel were to operate the town's telegraph station and sever the telegraph cable to the United Kingdom.
688:
212:
738:
at Kristiansand. The Germans did not expect resistance at Arendal, the town being unfortified and without a garrison.
1488:
1448:
1356:
1332:
929:. The three torpedo boats spent the next eight days trying to support the Norwegian land forces being mobilized in
874:
687:
The German force tasked with the capture and occupation of Arendal was the 90-strong 234th Bicycle Squadron of the
1017:
1469:
1410:
572:
465:
515:
breached Norwegian neutrality in an operation to rescue 299 captive British sailors from the German auxiliary
955:
340:
400:
654:
personnel and anti-aircraft guns, had been intercepted and torpedoed off Lillesand by the Polish submarine
704:
Transporting the landing force to Arendal, and providing support in case of Norwegian resistance, was the
1512:
1381:
661:
1527:
942:
majority of the evacuees had returned. The German landing force were housed in a school building, and
600:
543:
443:
970:
ended on 5 May, the group continued their activities with intelligence work until discovered by the
330:
631:
547:
390:
345:
901:'s group centre in Arendal, the administrative officers there had made their way out of the town.
698:
320:
236:
525:. Norwegian naval vessels observed the British operation, but did not intervene. Angered by the
461:
312:
29:
963:
505:
497:
405:
878:
off. Chased by anti-aircraft fire, the M.F.11 flew south to the nearby unoccupied village of
747:
516:
380:
974:
on 14 August 1940. Close to 100 people were arrested in connection with the Arendal Group.
898:
847:
365:
8:
1342:
947:
795:
568:
410:
395:
325:
723:
655:
370:
1459:
1400:
1385:
1367:
1346:
1219:
415:
350:
297:
1016:
eventually made his way to the United Kingdom, serving for the rest of the war in the
714:
1484:
1465:
1444:
1425:
1406:
1352:
1328:
504:
attacks on both Allied and neutral shipping within Norwegian territorial waters. The
360:
335:
522:
1507:
886:
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449:
630:
In Arendal there was much tension due to the sinking of the German transport ship
890:
592:
539:
385:
375:
1438:
935:
894:
422:
784:
made her way towards Arendal, the torpedo boat encountered thick fog, forcing
1501:
850:
naval vessel pointing inland, Lieutenant Holthe refrained from opening fire.
84:
71:
1390:. History of the Second World War: Campaigns Series (1st ed.). London:
610:
1013:
799:
760:. Following reports of German ships off Denmark and at the entrance to the
757:
596:
535:
530:
199:
180:
165:
137:
693:
666:
493:
542:, who claimed that an alliance between the United Kingdom and Norway's
512:
1439:
Hafsten, Bjørn; Ulf Larsstuvold; Bjørn Olsen; Sten Stenersen (2005).
765:
761:
650:
637:
453:
265:
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was in an unfavourable position to attack, the torpedo tubes of the
826:
1443:(in Norwegian) (2nd, revised ed.). Oslo: Sem og Stenersen AS.
930:
674:
sinking and reports of German fleet movements off Southern Norway.
576:
553:
971:
803:
730:. Once the army troops were on shore and in control of the town,
480:
457:
62:
613:
in Germany at 05:00 the same day. Before proceeding on her own,
645:
618:
501:
194:
151:
817:
entered the harbour in Arendal at 08:30, she was spotted from
967:
879:
950:. Arendal's mayor agreed to help maintain calm in the town.
1391:
746:
The sole Norwegian military unit in Arendal was the 75-ton
1327:(in Norwegian and English). Oslo: Sem & Stenersen AS.
442:
occurred on 9 April 1940 and saw the German torpedo boat
587:
of the German invasion fleet. The primary objective of
1441:
Flyalarm – luftkrigen over Norge 1939–1945
500:. On the part of the Germans, the violations included
550:
was given overall command of the invasion of Norway.
1464:(in Norwegian). Arendal: Arendals sjømandsforening.
984:
List of Norwegian military equipment of World War II
697:Smith von Wesentahl, with an attached unit of ten
1296:
1294:
989:List of German military equipment of World War II
802:of the Royal Norwegian Navy. Although spotted by
1499:
861:set off for Kristiansand. During the short time
670:, based in Arendal, ran an extra edition on the
571:, Arendal had a land station for one of the two
1422:The German invasion of Norway – April 1940
1369:Arendal gjennom skiftende tider: 1528-1723-1973
1204:
1202:
605:, was detached from the task force on 8 April,
1372:(in Norwegian). Arendal: Arendal Municipality.
1351:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag.
1291:
1183:
1181:
1142:
1140:
1402:KrigsĂĄr: Arendal under okkupasjonen 1940-1945
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
889:German infantry seized control of the town's
721:and carrying torpedo boat flotilla commander
557:Map showing the location of Arendal in Norway
281:
1199:
1098:
1096:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1461:Arendals sjømandsforening 1849-1999: 150 år
1178:
1137:
580:discouraging resistance to the occupation.
460:. The main aim of the landing, part of the
1158:
1121:
1119:
1117:
288:
274:
1518:Battles of World War II involving Germany
1478:
1457:
1093:
1061:
913:had left Arendal, Lieutenant Holthe took
873:was about to depart Arendal, a Norwegian
128:
1523:Battles and conflicts without fatalities
1398:
1365:
1341:
921:steamed to Lyngør where she met up with
552:
468:between Arendal and the United Kingdom.
1405:(in Norwegian). Arendal: Friluftsforl.
1322:
1217:
1114:
865:spent in Arendal, Lieutenant Holthe on
734:was to sail off and rejoin the rest of
1500:
295:
1483:(in Norwegian). Bergen: Eide Forlag.
1419:
1376:
719:Wilhelm-Nikolaus Freiherr von Lyncker
269:
171:Wilhelm-Nikolaus Freiherr von Lyncker
591:was the capture of the main port in
583:The task of seizing Arendal fell on
966:in Telemark. After the fighting at
664:in Arendal. The regional newspaper
13:
1481:90 ĂĄr under rent norsk orlogsflagg
1399:Frøstrup, Johan Christian (1998).
934:tried to join Norwegian forces in
677:
14:
1539:
1424:. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing.
829:to join the fellow torpedo boats
644:, a covert troopship en route to
511:On 16 February 1940, the British
875:Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk M.F.11
193:
179:
164:
144:
130:
1392:Her Majesty's Stationery Office
1325:Norwegian naval ships 1939–1945
1316:
1303:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1255:
1246:
1237:
1220:"Naval Events, 8–14 April 1940"
1211:
1190:
1149:
1128:
1018:Norwegian Armed Forces in exile
1006:
662:Arendal and Aust-Agder Hospital
627:off the west coast of Denmark.
1252:Hafsten et al. 2005, pp. 66–67
1105:
1084:
1075:
1052:
1043:
1034:
825:had been about to set off for
456:at the Norwegian port town of
1:
1218:Kindell, Don (7 April 2013).
994:
486:
1090:Haarr 2009, pp. 81, 101, 215
1027:
904:
897:'s air raid station and the
741:
7:
1458:Taraldsen, Kristen (1999).
1309:Taraldsen 1999, pp. 136–139
1300:Taraldsen 1999, pp. 135–136
977:
546:was in the making. General
10:
1544:
1479:Thomassen, Marius (1995).
1058:Haarr 2009, pp. 10–11, 215
775:
756:, commanded by Lieutenant
561:
1366:Dannevig, Birger (1973).
1040:Haarr 2009, pp. 15–23, 27
682:
599:. A single torpedo boat,
573:undersea telegraph cables
462:German invasion of Norway
307:
251:
227:
205:
157:
122:
38:
30:German invasion of Norway
27:
22:
1420:Haarr, Geirr H. (2009).
1288:Frøstrup 1998, pp. 48–49
1208:Frøstrup 1998, pp. 36–40
1111:Frøstrup 1998, pp. 24–27
999:
548:Nikolaus von Falkenhorst
466:undersea telegraph cable
1323:Abelsen, Frank (1986).
1175:Haarr 2009, pp. 216–217
689:163rd Infantry Division
636:off the nearby port of
617:had been escorting the
544:Labour Party government
534:flank while giving the
213:163rd Infantry Division
114:Germans capture Arendal
1387:The campaign in Norway
1261:Taraldsen 1999, p. 133
558:
506:Norwegian Armed Forces
452:and seize an invasion
218:234th Bicycle Squadron
158:Commanders and leaders
46:9 April 1940
1187:Dannevig 1973, p. 183
1155:Bjørnsen 1990, p. 382
1146:Bjørnsen 1990, p. 162
556:
252:Casualties and losses
1270:Frøstrup 1998, p. 43
1243:Frøstrup 1998, p. 42
1196:Frøstrup 1998, p. 35
1102:Frøstrup 1998, p. 28
1081:Bjørnsen 1990, p. 39
1072:Frøstrup 1998, p. 30
899:Royal Norwegian Navy
34:the Second World War
1348:Det utrolige døgnet
1049:Haarr 2009, pp. 3–8
796:Marstein Lighthouse
766:7.92 mm machine gun
483:four months later.
464:, was to sever the
185:Smith von Wesentahl
81: /
1513:Norwegian campaign
1279:Haarr 2009, p. 442
1125:Haarr 2009, p. 215
559:
440:Capture of Arendal
299:Norwegian campaign
85:58.4253°N 8.7620°E
23:Capture of Arendal
1528:April 1940 events
1431:978-1-84832-032-1
1224:Naval-History.net
1134:Derry 1952, p. 27
964:fighting at Vinje
699:signals personnel
521:in the Norwegian
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527:Altmark Incident
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401:Høljarast Bridge
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891:railway station
887:bicycle-mounted
821:. At the time,
786:Kapitänleutnant
778:
744:
715:Kapitänleutnant
712:, commanded by
706:Raubvogel class
691:, commanded by
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593:Southern Norway
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642:Rio de Janeiro
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1317:Bibliography
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1227:. Retrieved
1223:
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1014:Thore Holthe
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609:having left
606:
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597:Kristiansand
588:
584:
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569:to be seized
565:
536:Kriegsmarine
531:Adolf Hitler
517:
510:
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406:Vinjesvingen
355:
341:Kristiansand
331:Drøbak Sound
313:
311:
211:
200:Thore Holthe
123:Belligerents
28:Part of the
15:
1378:Derry, T.K.
1012:Lieutenant
944:Rittmeister
694:Rittmeister
667:Agderposten
472:resisting.
233:90 soldiers
109:Territorial
88: /
1502:Categories
1471:8299489202
1412:8291495068
995:References
948:occupation
728:Wolf Henne
640:that day.
611:WesermĂĽnde
513:Royal Navy
487:Background
366:Midtskogen
314:WeserĂĽbung
247:1 seaplane
243:19 sailors
73:58°25′31″N
50:1940-04-09
1028:Citations
905:Aftermath
762:Oslofjord
742:Norwegian
651:Luftwaffe
648:with 313
638:Lillesand
454:beachhead
396:Gratangen
381:Ă…ndalsnes
321:Oslofjord
76:8°45′43″E
1380:(1952).
1345:(1990).
1229:15 March
978:See also
931:Telemark
748:2. class
736:Gruppe 4
624:Tsingtau
607:Gruppe 4
589:Gruppe 4
585:Gruppe 4
577:Cuxhaven
496:and the
417:Alphabet
411:Nordland
326:Egersund
228:Strength
65:, Norway
58:Location
1508:Arendal
1384:(ed.).
972:Gestapo
804:customs
776:Landing
621:tender
562:Prelude
518:Altmark
481:Gestapo
458:Arendal
356:Arendal
351:Lofoten
336:Fornebu
223:unknown
175:(naval)
138:Germany
111:changes
63:Arendal
48: (
1487:
1468:
1447:
1428:
1409:
1355:
1331:
909:After
848:moored
827:Lyngør
683:German
646:Bergen
619:E-boat
502:U-boat
498:Allies
376:Namsos
371:DombĂĄs
361:Narvik
346:Horten
188:(land)
152:Norway
149:
135:
101:Result
32:during
1000:Notes
968:Vinje
911:Greif
880:Fevik
871:Greif
863:Greif
859:Greif
854:Greif
815:Greif
791:Greif
782:Greif
732:Greif
710:Greif
657:Orzeł
615:Greif
602:Greif
445:Greif
391:Hegra
1485:ISBN
1466:ISBN
1445:ISBN
1426:ISBN
1407:ISBN
1353:ISBN
1329:ISBN
1231:2013
927:Ravn
925:and
923:Grib
885:The
838:Ravn
835:and
832:Grib
494:Axis
438:The
424:Juno
386:Kvam
260:none
257:none
43:Date
958:in
813:As
780:As
235:10
1504::
1293:^
1222:.
1201:^
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938:.
919:Jo
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529:,
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1337:.
1233:.
1020:.
289:e
282:t
275:v
52:)
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