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shell) instead of glass. The
Chinese were presumably the first to utilize the shell, the dissemination of which use has been credited to the Portuguese; extensive and widespread use of the shell for windows and other handicraft products as a substitute for the then more scarce and more expensive
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shell for windowpanes, cabinet decorations, and handicrafts starting in 1755, while before this period the seashell was only used widely in the decoration of weapons, clothes, and trading goods. It is believed that the shell was first used architecturally in the making of slide windows for the
116:, the Philippine province where the oyster is most abundant and after which the Philippine windowpane oyster has been called, can grow to over 150 mm in diameter, reaching maturity between 70 and 100 mm, making the size of the panes of Philippine capiz-shell windows variable.
151:
houses extensively used the capiz-shell window element. Designed to take advantage of tropical cool breezes, these houses' large windows were built at least a meter high and as wide as five meters. The typically sliding panels with
359:
123:
launched an online exhibition titled "Placuna placenta: Capis Shells and
Windows to Indigenous Artistry" alongside other government institutions' celebrations commemorating the 122nd anniversary of
76:; the entry for "Capiz" refers to it as "la Ventana" (the Window). Today, the shell is also used in the manufacture of decorative items, including mobiles, chandeliers, Christmas lanterns (the
274:
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Rustia, Jessica M.; Antonino, Judith P.; Velasco, Ravelina R.; Lima, Marcelo A.; Yates, Edwin
Alexander; Fernig, David G. (August 31, 2023).
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History and
Prospects for Sustainability and Circularity of the Windowpane Oyster Placuna placenta Fishery in the Philippines
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churches of the
Catholic Church in the Philippines. Philippine text history confirms the continued popularity of the
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panes would be drawn shut when there is too much wind, with the house still taking in daylight during the storm.
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shell as a
Philippine architectural element in the 19th century through the entry "Capiz" in the 1860 edition of
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glass was seen in
Portuguese settlements as well as in India in the 17th century.
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Panels from the early centuries of capiz-shell window-making show tight
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492:"Capiz Shell Use in Laurel House - 01 PDF | PDF | Window | Art Media"
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beds in the
Philippines, the major sources being in Sapian Bay and
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Placuna placenta: Capis Shells and
Windows to Indigenous Artistry
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shell inserted into a less than 1/16" groove. The flat shells of
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457:. Malacological Society of London. Retrieved on 2011-10-23.
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430:"Capiz Windows - A new look from long before I was born"
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or lattice work (muntins) that would carry the windows'
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on the frames, done using only chisels and hardwood
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Close-up of the panes of a capiz-shell window panel
145:In 19th-century Philippine colonial architecture,
455:"Fisheries and aquaculture of window-pane shells"
168:In the year 2000, there were at least 27 natural
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284:high-school building's large capiz-shell window
301:interior featuring sliding capiz shell windows
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313:A capiz shell window on a side tower of the
108:. The lattice work often show the delicate
557:Guide to capiz shell furniture maintenance
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268:'s row of capiz-shell windows with grills
518:"The window-pane (kapis shell) industry"
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55:Spanish colonization of the Philippines
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531:(4): 23 and 31 – via Core.ac.uk.
41:that use the translucent and durable
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121:National Museum of the Philippines
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572:Philippine architectural features
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405:"Capiz Shells (Placuna placenta)"
551:Capiz windows in the Philippines
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245:A man repainting the frames and
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16:Philippine architectural feature
82:), and various other products.
69:Vocabolario de la lengua tagala
37:is a type of window with small
516:Adan, RIY (July–August 2000).
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484:
460:
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379:"Capiz Shell - Arca del Gusto"
72:, the first dictionary of the
57:, churches and homes used the
1:
434:LumberJocks Woodworking Forum
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249:of three capiz-shell window
7:
403:matichub (March 14, 2021).
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25:A closed capiz-shell window
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577:Houses in the Philippines
525:SEAFDEC Asian Aquaculture
337:Gabaldon School Buildings
53:During the length of the
587:Vernacular architecture
266:Las Piñas Gabaldon Hall
125:Philippine independence
31:Philippine architecture
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119:On June 12, 2020, the
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553:at Wikimedia Commons
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383:Slow Food Foundation
226:Misamis Occidental
218:Mindoro Occidental
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35:capiz shell window
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549:Media related to
436:. August 17, 2007
210:Negros Occidental
99:mortise and tenon
47:windowpane oyster
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214:Mangarin Bay
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89:A piece of
566:Categories
343:References
332:Ventanilla
298:Bahay kubo
206:Pontevedra
174:Roxas City
102:lap joints
501:August 9,
476:August 9,
440:August 9,
414:August 9,
409:Matic Hub
388:August 8,
202:Hinigaran
176:, Capiz;
326:See also
182:Tigbauan
592:Windows
247:muntins
232:Gallery
154:conchas
45:shell (
496:Scribd
251:sashes
220:; and
186:Iloilo
106:dowels
33:, the
521:(PDF)
170:kapis
158:capis
114:Capiz
110:capiz
93:shell
91:capiz
79:parol
64:capiz
59:capiz
43:capiz
39:panes
529:XXII
503:2024
478:2024
442:2024
416:2024
390:2024
204:and
196:and
180:and
178:Oton
317:in
224:in
216:in
192:in
29:In
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370:^
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280:A
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