402:
293:. He returned to help Liu Bang, who was trapped at Yongqiu, and defeated Li You, the Qin general defending Sanchuan. By then, Cao Shen had conquered two fiefs and 122 counties in total. In the following battles against Qin, Cao Shen defeated the Qin generals Wang Li and Zhao Ben and captured the Wu and Yao passes leading to
276:
as well, so he heeded Cao Shen and Xiao He's advice to invite Liu Bang back to support him. However, the magistrate changed his mind later and denied Liu Bang entry into the city. He was worried that Xiao He and Cao Shen might open the city gates for Liu Bang, so he planned to have them killed, but
36:
359:
of Liu Bang's Han kingdom, and subsequently promoted to Right
Chancellor. After the conquest of the Qi kingdom, Cao Shen left Han Xin and returned to Liu Bang's side to join him in resisting Xiang Yu. Liu Bang later sent Cao Shen to suppress the remnants of Qi.
277:
Xiao and Cao managed to escape and join Liu. The townsfolk rebelled against the magistrate and killed him, allowing Liu Bang and his men to enter. Liu Bang built up his rebel army in Pei County and Cao Shen served as one of his advisors.
461:
asked him why he did not change the system, Cao Shen replied that he was not as good as Xiao He and did not want to make changes for fear of negatively affecting the system left behind by Xiao. This became the origin of a
Chinese idiom,
375:". He was historically known as "Emperor Gao" (or Emperor Gaozu). When rewarding his subjects, Gaozu named Cao Shen as the person who made the most contributions in battle. However, Cao Shen resigned from his post as Right
423:) school of thought, which used a mix of persuasion and coercion. Cao Shen followed Gai Gong's advice to implement policies to restore social stability and frequently consulted Gai Gong on how to govern Qi.
500:
Cao Shen's son, Cao Zhu (曹窋; died 161 BC), inherited his father's marquis title "Marquis of
Pingyang". Cao Zhu was in turn succeeded by his son, Cao Qi (曹奇; died 153 BC), who helped
457:
died and was succeeded by Cao Shen. Cao Shen spent his time drinking and feasting, and maintained well Xiao He's system of governance but did not implement any new changes. When
790:
613:
583:
285:
Cao Shen defeated the Qin armies led by Xue Guo, Hu Ling and Fang Yu, and was promoted to a high rank by Liu Bang for his contributions. Cao Shen defeated
528:
in 91 BC and was stripped of the marquis title he inherited from his ancestor. He and his family also lost their inherited marquisate as a consequence.
783:
413:
scholars in governing Qi but was not impressed by their ideas. After discussing with a scholar called Gai Gong, Cao Shen was influenced by the
776:
935:
920:
915:
249:
to become labourers, but some prisoners escaped and Liu was forced to become a fugitive. He sought refuge with his followers on
1006:
466:(萧规曹随; lit. "Cao following Xiao's rules"), which is used to describe the continuation of the work of one's predecessor.
695:
628:
Wang, Chuanchao; Yan, Shi; Hou, Zheng; Fu, Wenqing; Xiong, Momiao; Han, Sheng; Jin, Li; Li, Hui (22 December 2011).
1016:
1011:
512:, one of Emperor Jing's daughters. Cao Shi's son, Cao Xiang (曹襄; died 115 BC), married Princess Wei (a daughter of
525:
827:
509:
480:
202:
505:
768:
484:
that he felt that among all of Liu Bang's subjects, Cao Shen's contributions in battle was second only to
488:. Commenting on Cao Shen's role as chancellor, Sima Qian mentioned that Cao had done well in preserving
566:(己丑) day of the 8th month of the 5th year of Emperor Hui's reign. However, that month does not have a
880:
380:
960:
760:
286:
538:
claimed to be a descendant of Cao Shen. However this has been rebuked through genetic evidence.
1001:
800:
324:
218:
601:
384:
158:
870:
242:
222:
8:
521:
501:
352:
214:
750:
725:] (in Chinese) (annotated critical ed.). Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju. vols. 8, 54.
458:
431:
376:
356:
340:
269:
210:
77:
55:
691:
651:
513:
492:'s system of governance and achieved the peace and stability desired by the people.
641:
517:
368:
364:
905:
685:
435:
175:
630:"Present Y chromosomes reveal the ancestry of Emperor CAO Cao of 1800 years ago"
387:(Gaozu's eldest son). He was also conferred the title of "Marquis of Pingyang" (
574:(乙丑) day, which corresponds to 24 Sep 190 BCE in the proleptic Julian calendar.
531:
250:
331:'s army in the campaigns on the northern front. They scored victories against
995:
910:
241:
and he served as a prison warden in his early days. He was a close friend of
195:
180:
137:
875:
930:
842:
798:
655:
410:
336:
319:) and promoted him to a general rank. Cao Shen helped Liu Bang conquer the
305:
After the fall of the Qin dynasty, Liu Bang received the title of "King of
171:
42:
965:
862:
809:
676:
646:
629:
615:
Social Power and Legal
Culture: Litigation Masters in Late Imperial China
372:
348:
306:
273:
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broke out, the magistrate of Pei County considered rebelling against the
852:
344:
320:
234:
110:
980:
705:
475:
439:
414:
254:
225:)'s side and contributed greatly to the founding of the Han dynasty.
955:
945:
900:
847:
822:
817:
709:
310:
294:
246:
327:, a power struggle between Liu Bang and Xiang Yu, Cao Shen joined
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950:
940:
925:
890:
885:
832:
743:
535:
489:
485:
454:
332:
328:
313:. Liu Bang granted Cao Shen the title of "Marquis of Jiancheng" (
262:
238:
209:), was a Chinese military general and politician. He served as a
114:
89:
687:
The Road to the Throne: How Liu Bang
Founded China's Han Dynasty
524:. Cao Xiang's son, Cao Zong (曹宗; died 91 BC), was implicated in
401:
975:
671:
443:
290:
837:
713:
447:
258:
245:. Once, Liu Bang was tasked with escorting some convicts to
35:
355:. During this time, Cao Shen was appointed as acting-Left
409:
While serving as chancellor, Cao Shen sought the help of
280:
367:
and unified China under his rule. Liu Bang became the
379:. In 201 BC, Cao Shen was appointed as chancellor of
508:. Cao Qi's son, Cao Shi (曹時; died 131 BC), married
261:) and maintained secret contact with Cao Shen and
393:) and given 10,630 households in his marquisate.
993:
784:
430:BC, he commanded the Qi forces that assisted
418:
388:
363:In 202 BC, Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu at the
314:
627:
791:
777:
645:
585:Autocratic Tradition and Chinese Politics
495:
400:
994:
309:" from Xiang Yu, and was relocated to
772:
300:
683:
597:
281:Insurrection against the Qin dynasty
40:An illustration of Cao Shen in the
13:
591:
14:
1028:
704:
522:Han campaigns against the Xiongnu
520:) and served as a general in the
16:Chinese politician (died 190 BCE)
396:
289:'s army and drove Zhang towards
34:
690:, New York: Algora Publishing,
665:
617:by Melissa Ann Macauley, p. 350
723:Records of the Grand Historian
621:
607:
577:
552:
526:a plot to overthrow Emperor Wu
481:Records of the Grand Historian
419:
206:
1:
541:
506:Rebellion of the Seven States
343:, and the combined forces of
228:
194:(died 24 September 190 BCE),
546:
469:
7:
371:and his dynasty was named "
10:
1033:
453:In 193 BC, the chancellor
383:, which was then ruled by
169:
159:Legalised Chinese religion
1007:Chu–Han contention people
861:
808:
757:
748:
740:
735:
634:Journal of Human Genetics
389:
315:
217:. He participated in the
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150:Marquis of Pingyang (平陽侯)
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128:
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104:
99:
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83:
73:
62:
54:
50:
33:
28:
21:
799:Prominent people of the
717:
558:According to vol. 12 of
1017:Politicians from Xuzhou
1012:Han dynasty chancellors
684:Hung Hing-ming (2011),
587:by Zhengyuan Fu, p. 49
496:Family and descendants
442:(present-day northern
406:
404:
268:In 209 BC, after the
647:10.1038/jhg.2011.147
570:day; it does have a
223:Emperor Gaozu of Han
751:Chancellor of China
353:Battle of Wei River
297:(the Qin capital).
215:Western Han dynasty
56:Chancellor of State
801:Chu–Han Contention
736:Political offices
562:, Cao died on the
407:
341:Battle of Jingxing
325:Chu–Han Contention
301:Chu–Han Contention
270:Dazexiang Uprising
233:Cao Shen was from
219:Chu–Han Contention
78:Emperor Hui of Han
23:Cao Shen / Cao Can
989:
988:
767:
766:
758:Succeeded by
510:Princess Pingyang
446:and northwestern
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167:
1024:
793:
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741:Preceded by
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619:
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581:
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518:Empress Wei Zifu
464:Xiao Gui Cao Sui
438:'s rebellion in
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392:
391:
365:Battle of Gaixia
318:
317:
253:(in present-day
208:
100:Personal details
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67:
38:
19:
18:
1032:
1031:
1027:
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1023:
1022:
1021:
992:
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990:
985:
906:King Xin of Han
857:
804:
797:
763:
754:
746:
730:
719:
698:
668:
663:
626:
622:
612:
608:
596:
592:
582:
578:
557:
553:
549:
544:
498:
472:
434:in suppressing
427:
399:
335:'s forces, the
303:
283:
237:in present-day
231:
185:
109:
84:
68:
63:
46:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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640:(3): 216–218.
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532:Three Kingdoms
497:
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474:The historian
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1002:190 BC deaths
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697:9780875868387
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527:
523:
519:
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511:
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504:suppress the
503:
493:
491:
487:
483:
482:
478:commented in
477:
467:
465:
460:
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451:
449:
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437:
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416:
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405:Cao Shen Tomb
403:
397:As chancellor
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378:
374:
370:
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361:
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350:
346:
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323:. During the
322:
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308:
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288:
278:
275:
271:
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252:
248:
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226:
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221:on Liu Bang (
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196:courtesy name
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32:
27:
20:
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843:Xiang Zhuang
803:(206–202 BC)
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666:Bibliography
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502:Emperor Jing
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362:
339:army at the
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267:
232:
198:
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187:
186:
179:
172:Chinese name
64:
43:Sancai Tuhui
41:
966:Xiahou Ying
881:Zhang Liang
810:Western Chu
755:193–190 BC
677:Book of Han
598:Hung (2011)
459:Emperor Hui
432:the emperor
274:Qin dynasty
176:family name
142:Jingbo (敬伯)
85:Preceded by
996:Categories
853:Zhongli Mo
828:Consort Yu
680:, vol. 39.
600:, p.
542:References
514:Emperor Wu
381:Qi Kingdom
377:Chancellor
357:Chancellor
321:Three Qins
235:Pei County
229:Early life
211:chancellor
129:Occupation
111:Pei County
69:193–190 BC
981:Guan Ying
961:Chen Ping
761:Chen Ping
712:(1959) .
706:Sima Qian
547:Citations
476:Sima Qian
470:Appraisal
415:Huang-Lao
411:Confucian
287:Zhang Han
255:Yongcheng
65:In office
956:Li Shang
946:Peng Yue
936:Zhou Xie
921:Chong Da
901:Fan Kuai
896:Cao Shen
871:Liu Bang
848:Xiang Bo
823:Fan Zeng
818:Xiang Yu
710:Sima Tan
656:22189622
534:warlord
311:Hanzhong
295:Xianyang
247:Mount Li
243:Liu Bang
188:Cao Shen
170:In this
155:Religion
132:Official
971:Zhou Bo
951:Li Yiji
941:Ying Bu
926:Fu Kuan
916:Ding Fu
911:Chen Xi
891:Han Xin
886:Xiao He
833:Long Ju
744:Xiao He
674:et al.
536:Cao Cao
490:Xiao He
486:Han Xin
455:Xiao He
436:Chen Xi
385:Liu Fei
369:Emperor
351:at the
333:Wei Bao
329:Han Xin
263:Xiao He
239:Jiangsu
213:of the
203:Chinese
192:Cao Can
147:Peerage
115:Jiangsu
108:Unknown
90:Xiao He
74:Monarch
976:Lu Wan
931:Jin Xi
876:Lü Zhi
694:
672:Ban Gu
654:
572:yichou
568:jichou
564:jichou
444:Shanxi
428:
426:In 196
291:Puyang
205::
199:Jingbo
174:, the
124:190 BC
838:Ji Bu
721:[
718:史記三家注
715:Shiji
448:Hebei
259:Henan
692:ISBN
652:PMID
516:and
347:and
337:Zhao
121:Died
105:Born
58:(相國)
863:Han
642:doi
602:202
450:).
440:Dai
390:平陽侯
373:Han
349:Chu
316:建成侯
307:Han
265:.
190:or
181:Cao
178:is
998::
708:;
650:.
638:57
636:.
632:.
420:黃老
345:Qi
257:,
207:敬伯
113:,
29:曹參
792:e
785:t
778:v
701:.
658:.
644::
604:.
417:(
201:(
184:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
