24:
47:
40:
462:(conventionally translated as "camp") referred exclusively to the Camp of Diocletian. The wall that separated the military buildings from the civilian settlement at Palmyra was clearly only symbolic and there would have been relatively free movement between the camp and the rest of the city. It is possible that the whole city may have been regarded as a
486:
colonnade is a remnant of older structures and probably pre-dates the construction of the camp by a century. It also uncovered the layer of occupation preceding the camp which included a residential quarter and funerary artefacts dating to the first-century CE. Furthermore, the excavations discovered
322:
Following the Roman reconquest, the city was re-fortified with a new set of city walls enclosing a much smaller area. It lost its former importance as a semi-independent trading centre, instead becoming a key military outpost. This is reflected in
Palmyra's virtual disappearance from the historical
373:
The complex may also have included barracks rooms for the soldiers, though it is unclear whether the Roman forces in
Palmyra were actually quartered there. They may alternatively have lodged in the city while the "camp" may have functioned as legionary headquarters. The area also enveloped the
337:
The area known today as the Camp of
Diocletian was a group of buildings that spanned an area of 4 hectares (9.9 acres) in an enclosure in the western end of the city. It was built on a hill separated from the town proper by a small wall. The hill was located at the far end of the city's
402:
res orbis sui et propagatores generis humani dd. pp. Diocletianus simi impp. et
Constantius et Maximianus nobb. Caess. castra feliciter condiderunt nte Sossiano Hieroclete v p, praess. provinciae, d n mq
857:
409:
The repairers of their world and propagators of the human race, our lords
Diocletian and , the most unconquered emperors, and Constantius and Maximianus , the most noble
507:(ISIL) group occupied Palmyra between May 2015 and March 2016. Parts of the ancient city were damaged or destroyed by ISIL, and the Russian television network
447:, under which his name was erased from public inscriptions and images of him were destroyed. The other co-emperors mentioned in the inscription are
244:
370:, and located at the highest point in the complex was the so-called "temple of the standards," where the legion's standards were probably kept.
482:, unearthed several structures believed to be guard rooms, staircases and side entrances to the compound. The works also determined that the
862:
852:
847:
877:
82:
319:. The city was recaptured by Aurelian in 272 and, following another unsuccessful rebellion, it was sacked by the Romans in 273.
397:
The "camp" was designed and built between 293 and 305 CE. An inscription discovered at the temple of the standards proclaims:
504:
867:
39:
827:
804:
756:
737:
714:
695:
676:
251:
297:
515:
satellite imagery from the end of March 2016 showed that there was no visible change to the status of the area.
667:
Drinkwater, John (2005). "Maximian to
Diocletian". In Bowman, Alan; Cameron, Averil; Garnsey, Peter (eds.).
394:– a sign of how militarised Roman architecture had become in the unsettled climate of the late 3rd century.
211:
433:
The second name after
Diocletian's was erased from the inscription but is probably that of his co-emperor
374:
pre–existing Temple of Allat. The overall design of the site is similar to that of a contemporary camp at
312:
511:
claimed that the Camp of
Diocletian had been among the areas affected by the ISIL occupation. However,
339:
275:
329:, a late-4th century record of imperial offices, merely as the base of the Legio I Illyricorum.
387:
466:, in the wider sense of a fortified place rather than just the much smaller area of the camp.
23:
766:
Ochsenschlager, Edward L. (1968). "Classical
Excavations in the Southeastern Mediterranean".
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axis started at the
Praetorian Gate and led to the top of the hill where the
343:
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in the late third-century CE and served as the military headquarters for the
289:
117:
97:
84:
749:
Rome, the Greek World, and the East: The Greek world, the Jews, and the East
512:
140:
669:
The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume 12, The Crisis of Empire, AD 193-337
787:
355:
293:
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The site has been excavated by a Polish archaeological team from the
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234:
452:
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224:
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346:. The complex was laid out around two colonnaded streets, the
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375:
70:
774:(6). Classical Association of the Atlantic States: 224–230.
413:, have successfully founded the camp , under the care of
315:, Palmyra broke away from Rome to form the short-lived
366:, or the military headquarters, was built. Within the
858:
Buildings and structures completed in the 3rd century
643:. American Schools of Oriental Research. March 2016
815:
725:
839:
797:Soldiers, Cities, & Civilians in Roman Syria
617:
615:
292:. The complex was built under the Roman Emperor
765:
587:
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28:Remains of the Camp of Diocletian (foreground)
728:The Roman Near East: 31 BC – AD 337
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382:and also has similarities with the palace at
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641:"Special Report: The Recapture of Palmyra"
332:
46:
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688:The Byzantine And Early Islamic Near East
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354:, that intersected at right angles at a
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751:. University of North Carolina Press.
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505:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
863:Roman legionary fortresses in Syria
853:Buildings and structures in Palmyra
848:Roman fortifications in Roman Syria
704:
13:
878:Military history of Palmyra, Syria
421:of the province, devoted to their
14:
889:
458:It is not clear whether the term
799:. University of Michigan Press.
487:several additions dating to the
323:literature; it is listed in the
45:
38:
659:
633:
491:, including a coin and jewelry
284:, built in the ancient city of
671:. Cambridge University Press.
624:
603:
594:
573:
478:. The excavations, led by Dr.
469:
1:
621:Ochsenschlager, 1968, p. 229.
518:
306:
732:. Harvard University Press.
523:
171:Inaccessible (in a war zone)
7:
818:Roman Imperial Architecture
814:Ward-Perkins, John (1994).
709:. Footprint Travel Guides.
313:Crisis of the Third Century
10:
894:
868:3rd-century fortifications
724:Millar, Fergus G. (1993).
591:Ward-Perkins, 1995, p. 361
182:UNESCO World Heritage Site
822:. Yale University Press.
686:Kennedy, Hugh N. (2006).
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417:, the most perfect man,
795:Pollard, Nigel (2000).
747:Millar, Fergus (2006).
554:Drinkwater, 2005, p. 52
437:, who was subjected to
333:Description of the site
690:. Ashgate Publishing.
630:Kennedy, 2006, p. 171.
545:Pollard, 2000, p. 298.
127:4 hectares (9.9 acres)
570:Millar, 1993, p. 182.
480:Kazimierz Michalowski
600:Millar, 2006, p. 227
476:University of Warsaw
768:The Classical World
609:Barnes, 1981, p. 41
449:Constantius Chlorus
415:Sossianus Hierocles
388:Diocletian's Palace
98:34.5548°N 38.2610°E
94: /
18:
705:Lee, Jess (2010).
499:Occupation by ISIL
326:Notitia Dignitatum
272:Camp of Diocletian
231:Reference no.
168:Public access
54:Shown within Syria
17:Camp of Diocletian
16:
440:damnatio memoriae
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360:via praetoria
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348:via praetoria
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344:Temple of Bel
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290:Syrian Desert
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647:21 September
645:. Retrieved
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278:complex, or
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256:2013–present
579:Lee, p. 269
470:Excavations
311:During the
300:Illyricorum
245:Arab States
212:4th session
101: /
77:Coordinates
873:Diocletian
842:Categories
519:References
356:tetrapylon
307:Background
294:Diocletian
252:Endangered
205:Designated
147:Site notes
89:38°15′40″E
86:34°33′17″N
524:Citations
368:principia
364:principia
342:from the
200:i, ii, iv
160:Ownership
152:Condition
453:Galerius
435:Maximian
427:maiestas
419:governor
350:and the
298:Legio I
223:Site of
197:Criteria
192:Cultural
63:Location
788:4346468
464:castrum
411:Caesars
384:Antioch
288:in the
286:Palmyra
225:Palmyra
220:Part of
137:Periods
132:History
67:Palmyra
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803:
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713:
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675:
460:castra
403:eorum.
358:. The
281:castra
274:was a
241:Region
163:Public
784:JSTOR
493:hoard
423:numen
392:Split
380:Egypt
376:Luxor
208:1980
155:ruins
141:Roman
71:Syria
824:ISBN
801:ISBN
753:ISBN
734:ISBN
711:ISBN
692:ISBN
673:ISBN
649:2016
451:and
425:and
386:and
270:The
189:Type
124:Area
114:Type
776:doi
443:by
390:in
378:in
844::
782:.
772:61
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614:^
584:^
559:^
532:^
509:RT
495:.
455:.
303:.
235:23
69:,
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210:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
