285:
276:
464:
1581:
427:
94:
53:
300:
3204:
65:
259:
3215:
215:
486:
83:
478:
451:
printed if opposite color modes are being combined in both mediums. When designing items to be printed, designers view the colors which they are choosing on an RGB color mode (their computer screen), and it is often difficult to visualize the way in which the color will turn out post-printing because of this.
519:
The problem of computing a colorimetric estimate of the color that results from printing various combinations of ink has been addressed by many scientists. A general method that has emerged for the case of halftone printing is to treat each tiny overlap of color dots as one of 8 (combinations of CMY)
467:
Spectrum of the visible wavelengths on printed paper (SCA Graphosilk). Shown is the transition from red to yellow. White, red, blue, and green are shown for reference. Readings from a white orchid flower, a rose (red and yellow petals), and a red cyclamen flower are shown for comparison. The units of
320:
on the black line art marked the outline of solid or tint color areas. In some cases a black keyline was used when it served as both a color indicator and an outline to be printed in black because usually the black plate contained the keyline. The K in CMYK represents the keyline or black plate, also
311:
The CMYK color model is based on the CMY color model, which omits the black ink. However, the imperfect black generated by mixing commercially practical cyan, magenta, and yellow inks is unsatisfactory, so four-color printing uses black ink in addition to the subtractive primaries. Common reasons for
997:
The RSWOP.icm cyan-magenta-yellow-black (CMYK) color profile targets the "Specifications for Web Offset
Publications" (SWOP) printing standard. This color profile is installed when you install Microsoft Office. However, by default, this color profile is not installed in Windows Vista. Therefore, you
442:
displays and CMYK prints can be difficult, since the color reproduction technologies and properties are very different. A computer monitor mixes shades of red, green, and blue light to create color pictures. A CMYK printer instead uses light-absorbing cyan, magenta, and yellow inks, whose colors are
459:
To reproduce color, the CMYK color model codes for absorbing light rather than emitting it (as is assumed by RGB). The "K" component absorbs all wavelengths and is therefore achromatic. The cyan, magenta, and yellow components are used for color reproduction and they may be viewed as the inverse of
394:
printing, in which specific colored inks are used to generate the colors appearing on paper. Some printing presses are capable of printing with both four-color process inks and additional spot color inks at the same time. High-quality printed materials, such as marketing brochures and books, often
450:
Similar to monitors, the inks used in printing produce a color gamut that is "only a subset of the visible spectrum" although both color modes have their own specific ranges. As a result of this, items which are displayed on a computer monitor may not completely match the look of items which are
243:
a solid color. Magenta printed with a 20% halftone, for example, produces a pink color, because the eye perceives the tiny magenta dots on the large white paper as lighter and less saturated than the color of pure magenta ink. Halftoning allows for a continuous variability of each color, which
201:
colored lights, and black is the absence of light. In the CMYK model, it is the opposite: white is the natural color of the paper or other background, black results from a full combination of colored inks. To save cost on ink, and to produce deeper black tones,
528:
of scattered light between and within the areas complicates the physics and the analysis; empirical formulas for such analysis have been developed, in terms of detailed dye combination absorption spectra and empirical parameters.
346:
of light and produce a perfect black, practical inks fall short of their ideal characteristics, and the result is actually a dark muddy color that does not quite appear black. Black ink absorbs more light and yields much better
395:
include photographs requiring process-color printing, other graphic effects requiring spot colors (such as metallic inks), and finishes such as varnish, which enhances the glossy appearance of the printed piece.
218:
This diagram shows three examples of color halftoning with CMYK separations, as well as the combined halftone pattern and how the human eye would observe the combined halftone pattern from a sufficient
186:
because inks "subtract" the colors red, green and blue from white light; white light minus red leaves cyan, white light minus green leaves magenta, and white light minus blue leaves yellow.
806:
182:
The CMYK model works by partially or entirely masking colors on a lighter, usually white, background. The ink reduces the light that would otherwise be reflected. Such a model is called
516:, which show up as non-linear components in the color-to-density mapping. More complex interactions such as Neugebauer blending can be modelled in higher-dimension lookup tables.
501:
that describe the spaces being converted. An ICC profile defines the bidirectional conversion between a neutral "profile connection" color space (CIE XYZ or Lab) and a selected
493:
Since RGB and CMYK spaces are both device-dependent spaces, there is no simple or general conversion formula that converts between them. Conversions are generally done through
783:
505:, in this case both RGB and CMYK. The precision of the conversion depends on the profile itself, the exact methodology, and because the gamuts do not generally match, the
361:
When a very dark area is wanted, a colored or gray CMY "bedding" is applied first, then a full black layer is applied on top, making a rich, deep black; this is called
335:
A combination of 100% cyan, magenta, and yellow inks soaks the paper with ink, making it slower to dry, causing bleeding, or (especially on low quality paper such as
410:
considerably expand the gamut. Light, saturated colors often cannot be created with CMYK, and light colors in general may make visible the halftone pattern. Using a
512:
ICC profiles, internally built out of lookup tables and other transformation functions, are capable of handling many effects of ink blending. One example is the
370:
The amount of black to use to replace amounts of the other inks is variable, and the choice depends on the technology, paper and ink in use. Processes called
70:
When subtractive CMY inks are combined at full strength, pairwise combinations are red, green, and blue. Combining all three gives an imperfect black color.
3172:
3119:
328:). To avoid even slight blurring when reproducing text (or other finely detailed outlines) using three inks would require impractically accurate
239:) allows for less than full saturation of the primary colors; tiny dots of each primary color are printed in a pattern small enough that humans
244:
enables continuous color mixing of the primaries. Without halftoning, each primary would be binary, i.e. on/off, which only allows for the
293:
The image above, (left) separated for printing with process cyan, magenta, and yellow (CMY) inks; (right) separated for CMY and black (K).
3162:
3114:
1560:
2899:
1179:
1126:
583:
533:
1136:
1764:
775:
1870:
1617:
1068:
704:
1031:
890:
3167:
206:
and dark colors are produced by using black ink instead of or in addition to the combination of cyan, magenta, and yellow.
1088:
414:, with the addition of light cyan and magenta inks to CMYK, can solve these problems, and such a process is used by many
525:
3109:
2661:
2870:
1438:
964:
867:
758:
731:
649:
620:
17:
2837:
524:. The resultant color would be an area-weighted colorimetric combination of these primary colors, except that the
3129:
2623:
1355:
925:
2802:
2285:
2072:
1149:
929:
666:
342:
Although a combination of 100% cyan, magenta, and yellow inks should, in theory, completely absorb the entire
3250:
2711:
2643:
2396:
1918:
1481:
1116:
3139:
3134:
3144:
2421:
1923:
382:
are used to decide on the final mix; different CMYK recipes will be used depending on the printing task.
2875:
2563:
2466:
1759:
1565:
1491:
1217:
1022:
573:
379:
532:
Standardization of printing practices allow for some profiles to be predefined. One of them is the US
2842:
2792:
2752:
2605:
2491:
2441:
2133:
2077:
1933:
1685:
1610:
1061:
981:"KB933845 How to obtain and install the Microsoft Standard CMYK Profile (RSWOP.icm) in Windows Vista"
203:
980:
109:) in the top image is actually a blend of cyan, magenta, yellow and black, as magnification under a
3043:
2638:
2366:
2158:
1222:
3008:
2812:
2716:
2580:
2431:
2263:
2168:
1811:
1729:
1695:
1585:
578:
3219:
3063:
3038:
2847:
2832:
2767:
2747:
2653:
2575:
2406:
2325:
2320:
2295:
2223:
2213:
2163:
2153:
2087:
2050:
1978:
1953:
1103:
721:
694:
3124:
2919:
2827:
2822:
2807:
2797:
2772:
2757:
2618:
2551:
2521:
2481:
2391:
2381:
2218:
2097:
2060:
1983:
1212:
954:
748:
468:
spectral power are simply raw sensor values (with a linear response at specific wavelengths).
329:
2676:
610:
3240:
3208:
2817:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2762:
2416:
2335:
2305:
2258:
2203:
2193:
2118:
1943:
1890:
1603:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1508:
1159:
1154:
1144:
1054:
820:
431:
375:
284:
8:
2914:
2887:
2857:
2511:
2426:
2330:
2208:
2188:
2178:
2173:
2143:
2035:
1948:
1776:
1771:
1548:
1523:
1513:
1486:
1043:, which lists some standard CMYK profiles, their paper types, and color separation limits
811:
371:
1013:
824:
3058:
2721:
2671:
2496:
2351:
2310:
2290:
2228:
2183:
2148:
2123:
1680:
1645:
1553:
1383:
1164:
883:
856:
836:
558:
521:
411:
245:
3245:
3028:
2964:
2951:
2882:
2546:
2471:
2461:
2451:
2436:
2300:
2268:
2128:
1963:
1734:
1428:
960:
912:
863:
754:
727:
700:
645:
616:
133:
840:
275:
3083:
3033:
2976:
2959:
2929:
2924:
2568:
2526:
2476:
2238:
2198:
2138:
1993:
1423:
1197:
828:
589:
537:
506:
494:
343:
58:
Color printing typically uses ink of four colors: cyan, magenta, yellow, and black.
3179:
998:
may experience unexpected results when you use certain programs that manage color.
460:
RGB. Cyan absorbs red, magenta absorbs green, and yellow absorbs blue (-R,-G,-B).
350:
Black ink is less expensive than the combination of colored inks that makes black.
3088:
2996:
2613:
2361:
2243:
1938:
1885:
1880:
1848:
1833:
1791:
1503:
1463:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1418:
1403:
1207:
1189:
568:
553:
194:
140:
2865:
2691:
2633:
2401:
2082:
1988:
1973:
1968:
1863:
1670:
1660:
1650:
248:
of eight colors: white, the three primaries, the three secondaries, and black.
190:
144:
1040:
463:
3234:
3018:
2986:
2971:
2936:
2696:
2541:
2506:
2092:
2065:
2045:
2013:
1958:
638:
498:
426:
198:
147:, and is also used to describe the printing process itself. The abbreviation
2456:
3184:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3023:
2909:
2904:
2558:
2278:
2248:
2030:
2025:
2008:
1853:
1675:
1665:
1655:
1496:
520:
or of 16 (combinations of CMYK) colors, which in this context are known as
240:
93:
3189:
3053:
3048:
2981:
2894:
2731:
2706:
2536:
2531:
2516:
2371:
2253:
2233:
2102:
2003:
1895:
1858:
1828:
1781:
1749:
1744:
1705:
1626:
1518:
1413:
1093:
1077:
263:
136:
398:
CMYK are the process printers which often have a relatively small color
299:
2701:
2681:
2595:
2585:
2446:
2411:
2386:
2315:
2055:
2040:
2020:
1902:
1838:
1754:
1700:
1408:
887:
502:
407:
391:
363:
110:
41:
832:
52:
3093:
2666:
2628:
2590:
2486:
2376:
1843:
1806:
1801:
1786:
1739:
1722:
1343:
1331:
1326:
1257:
1252:
541:
536:, which has its ICC color profile built into some software including
444:
336:
324:
Text is typically printed in black and includes fine detail (such as
258:
173:
31:
2686:
2501:
1998:
1928:
1796:
1717:
1712:
1398:
1393:
1321:
1316:
1275:
1267:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1174:
1111:
513:
485:
231:
224:
100:
64:
805:
Zeng, Huanzhao (2003). Eschbach, Reiner; Marcu, Gabriel G (eds.).
214:
2726:
1875:
1821:
1543:
1433:
1019:– A Windows software with source code for converting CMYK to RGB.
671:
563:
403:
317:
159:
2273:
1690:
1640:
1232:
1169:
776:"Top 8 Large Format Printing Tips To Achieve High-End Projects"
415:
166:
82:
1595:
1046:
815:. Color Imaging VIII: Processing, Hardcopy, and Applications.
2941:
2356:
1816:
1367:
1362:
1350:
1338:
1311:
1292:
1287:
1227:
1121:
399:
325:
750:
Handbook of Print Media: Technologies and
Production Methods
477:
1304:
1202:
304:
152:
858:
Sams Teach
Yourself Adobe Photoshop Elements 2 in 24 Hours
1458:
1299:
1280:
439:
1578:
For the vision capacities of organisms or machines, see
316:
In traditional preparation of color separations, a red
481:
Early representation of the three-color process (1902)
354:
A black made with just CMY inks is sometimes called a
30:"CMYK" redirects here. For the EP by James Blake, see
807:"3-D Color Separation Maximizing the Printer Gamut"
40:"CMYB" redirects here. For the cMyb gene tree, see
855:
637:
390:CMYK or process color printing is contrasted with
696:Forensic Chemistry: Fundamentals and Applications
430:Comparison of some RGB and CMYK color gamut on a
3232:
667:"The Difference Between RGB and CMYK, Explained"
447:, halftoning, or some other optical technique.
421:
27:Subtractive color model, used in color printing
1028:– Tool for RGB to CMYK color converter online.
1611:
1062:
952:
723:The Guild Handbook of Scientific Illustration
385:
197:, white is the "additive" combination of all
719:
489:Approximation of the image using CMY colors.
454:
339:) weakening the paper so much that it tears.
3163:Conservation and restoration of photographs
635:
2900:Comparison of digital and film photography
1618:
1604:
1069:
1055:
853:
534:Specifications for Web Offset Publications
3120:Photographs considered the most important
948:
946:
911:Damien van Holten, Printinternational, "
484:
476:
462:
425:
298:
257:
213:
1037:– animated illustration of RGB vs. CMYK
786:from the original on September 29, 2020
746:
664:
14:
3233:
985:Beta Archive > Microsoft KB Archive
943:
773:
699:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 331.
1599:
1050:
893:from the original on February 7, 2023
692:
804:
726:. John Wiley and Sons. p. 242.
608:
307:colors of offset printing on a paper
253:
151:refers to the four ink plates used:
3115:Museums devoted to one photographer
509:and constraints such as ink limit.
24:
2662:Timeline of photography technology
884:"Overview of color in Illustrator"
406:'s proprietary six-color (CMYKOG)
25:
3262:
1007:
3213:
3203:
3202:
1580:
1579:
862:. Sams Publishing. p. 108.
774:Davies, Helen (August 3, 2020).
283:
274:
92:
81:
63:
51:
3214:
1625:
1076:
973:
918:
905:
876:
665:Menegus, Bryan (May 20, 2016).
644:. Watson–Guptill. p. 178.
321:sometimes called the key plate.
104:
956:Digital Color Imaging Handbook
930:L. R. Ingersoll Physics Museum
847:
798:
767:
740:
713:
686:
658:
629:
602:
13:
1:
2712:Painted photography backdrops
2644:Golden triangle (composition)
1919:35 mm equivalent focal length
747:Kipphan, Helmut, ed. (2001).
595:
472:
209:
422:Comparison with RGB displays
418:, including desktop models.
7:
2422:Intentional camera movement
547:
10:
3267:
3110:Most expensive photographs
2467:Multi-exposure HDR capture
1492:Colour Index International
926:"Subtractive Color Mixing"
574:Grey component replacement
386:Other printer color models
380:gray component replacement
262:A color photograph of the
222:
39:
29:
3198:
3155:
3102:
3007:
2950:
2856:
2740:
2652:
2604:
2344:
2111:
1911:
1633:
1576:
1472:
1376:
1266:
1188:
1135:
1102:
1084:
959:. CRC Press. p. 68.
615:. SPIE Press. p. 1.
455:Spectrum of printed paper
312:using black ink include:
3044:Digital image processing
1032:Color Space Fundamentals
753:. Springer. p. 87.
612:Digital Color Halftoning
434:xy chromaticity diagram.
2717:Photography and the law
609:Kang, Henry R. (1999).
579:Jacob Christoph Le Blon
3064:Gelatin silver process
2088:Science of photography
2073:Photographic processes
2051:Perspective distortion
953:Gaurav Sharma (2003).
693:Sigel, Jay A. (2015).
490:
482:
469:
435:
308:
267:
220:
2522:Schlieren photography
2061:Photographic printing
1984:Exposure compensation
1023:RGB to CMYK converter
720:R. S. Hodges (2003).
488:
480:
466:
429:
302:
261:
217:
3251:Printing terminology
2306:Straight photography
1944:Chromatic aberration
1509:Federal Standard 595
1089:List of color spaces
1041:ICC profile registry
636:Roger Pring (2000).
522:Neugebauer primaries
438:Comparisons between
402:. Processes such as
376:under color addition
229:With CMYK printing,
3173:photographic plates
2858:Digital photography
2036:Hyperfocal distance
1949:Circle of confusion
854:Carla Rose (2003).
825:2003SPIE.5008..260Z
812:Proceedings of SPIE
526:Yule–Nielsen effect
372:under color removal
2677:Autochrome Lumière
2672:Analog photography
2497:Pigeon photography
2286:Social documentary
1765:discontinued films
559:CcMmYK color model
491:
483:
470:
436:
309:
268:
221:
3228:
3227:
3029:Collodion process
2965:Chromogenic print
2952:Color photography
2462:Multiple exposure
2437:Lo-fi photography
1964:Color temperature
1593:
1592:
833:10.1117/12.472012
706:978-1-118-89772-0
254:Comparison to CMY
18:CMYK colour model
16:(Redirected from
3258:
3217:
3216:
3206:
3205:
3084:Print permanence
3034:Cross processing
2992:CMYK color model
2977:Color management
2930:Foveon X3 sensor
2925:Three-CCD camera
2569:Miniature faking
2527:Sabattier effect
2139:Astrophotography
1994:Zebra patterning
1620:
1613:
1606:
1597:
1596:
1583:
1582:
1569:
1198:RGB color spaces
1071:
1064:
1057:
1048:
1047:
1036:
1027:
1018:
1001:
1000:
994:
992:
987:. March 15, 2007
977:
971:
970:
950:
941:
940:
938:
936:
922:
916:
909:
903:
902:
900:
898:
880:
874:
873:
861:
851:
845:
844:
802:
796:
795:
793:
791:
771:
765:
764:
744:
738:
737:
717:
711:
710:
690:
684:
683:
681:
679:
662:
656:
655:
643:
633:
627:
626:
606:
590:Color management
538:Microsoft Office
507:rendering intent
495:color management
344:visible spectrum
287:
278:
193:models, such as
122:CMYK color model
108:
107:
99:What appears as
96:
85:
67:
55:
21:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3194:
3151:
3098:
3089:Push processing
3010:
3003:
2997:RGB color model
2946:
2852:
2736:
2648:
2614:Diagonal method
2600:
2340:
2244:Photojournalism
2107:
1939:Black-and-white
1907:
1886:Slide projector
1881:Movie projector
1760:available films
1629:
1624:
1594:
1589:
1572:
1563:
1497:CI list of dyes
1474:
1468:
1424:Imaginary color
1372:
1262:
1208:rg chromaticity
1184:
1131:
1098:
1080:
1075:
1034:
1025:
1016:
1010:
1005:
1004:
990:
988:
979:
978:
974:
967:
951:
944:
934:
932:
924:
923:
919:
910:
906:
896:
894:
882:
881:
877:
870:
852:
848:
803:
799:
789:
787:
772:
768:
761:
745:
741:
734:
718:
714:
707:
691:
687:
677:
675:
663:
659:
652:
634:
630:
623:
607:
603:
598:
569:RGB color model
554:CMY color model
550:
497:systems, using
475:
457:
424:
416:inkjet printers
388:
356:composite black
297:
296:
295:
294:
290:
289:
288:
280:
279:
256:
227:
212:
141:CMY color model
139:, based on the
124:(also known as
118:
117:
116:
115:
114:
105:
97:
88:
87:
86:
75:
74:
73:
72:
71:
68:
60:
59:
56:
45:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3264:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3211:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3015:
3013:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2974:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2956:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2866:Digital camera
2862:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2692:Camera obscura
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2634:Rule of thirds
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2610:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2561:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2402:Harris shutter
2399:
2397:Hand-colouring
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2083:Red-eye effect
2080:
2075:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1989:Exposure value
1986:
1981:
1976:
1974:Depth of focus
1971:
1969:Depth of field
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1774:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1732:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1600:
1591:
1590:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1272:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1243:SMPTE 240M/"C"
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1194:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1108:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1074:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1029:
1020:
1009:
1008:External links
1006:
1003:
1002:
972:
965:
942:
917:
904:
875:
868:
846:
797:
766:
759:
739:
732:
712:
705:
685:
657:
650:
628:
621:
600:
599:
597:
594:
593:
592:
587:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
549:
546:
499:color profiles
474:
471:
456:
453:
423:
420:
412:CcMmYK process
387:
384:
352:
351:
348:
340:
333:
322:
292:
291:
282:
281:
273:
272:
271:
270:
269:
255:
252:
223:Main article:
211:
208:
191:additive color
145:color printing
98:
91:
90:
89:
80:
79:
78:
77:
76:
69:
62:
61:
57:
50:
49:
48:
47:
46:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3263:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3221:
3212:
3210:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3125:Photographers
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3019:Bleach bypass
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3006:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2987:primary color
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2972:Reversal film
2970:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2937:Image sharing
2935:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2838:United States
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2697:Daguerreotype
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2542:Stopping down
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2507:Rephotography
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2442:Long-exposure
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2134:Architectural
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2093:Shutter speed
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2046:Metering mode
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1959:Color balance
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1924:Angle of view
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1871:Manufacturers
1869:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1587:
1575:
1567:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:and standards
1473:Color systems
1471:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1170:CIELUV (1976)
1168:
1166:
1165:CIELAB (1976)
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1042:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1011:
999:
986:
982:
976:
968:
966:0-8493-0900-X
962:
958:
957:
949:
947:
931:
927:
921:
914:
908:
892:
889:
885:
879:
871:
869:0-672-32430-X
865:
860:
859:
850:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
813:
808:
801:
785:
781:
777:
770:
762:
760:3-540-67326-1
756:
752:
751:
743:
735:
733:0-471-36011-2
729:
725:
724:
716:
708:
702:
698:
697:
689:
674:
673:
668:
661:
653:
651:0-8230-5857-3
647:
642:
641:
632:
624:
622:0-8194-3318-7
618:
614:
613:
605:
601:
591:
588:
586:CMYK standard
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
551:
545:
543:
539:
535:
530:
527:
523:
517:
515:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
487:
479:
465:
461:
452:
448:
446:
441:
433:
428:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
396:
393:
383:
381:
377:
373:
368:
366:
365:
359:
357:
349:
345:
341:
338:
334:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
314:
313:
306:
301:
286:
277:
265:
260:
251:
249:
247:
242:
238:
235:(also called
234:
233:
226:
216:
207:
205:
200:
196:
192:
187:
185:
180:
178:
176:
171:
169:
164:
162:
157:
155:
150:
146:
142:
138:
135:
131:
127:
126:process color
123:
113:demonstrates.
112:
102:
95:
84:
66:
54:
43:
36:
34:
19:
3185:Polaroid art
3079:K-14 process
3074:Instant film
3069:Gum printing
3024:C-41 process
3009:Photographic
2991:
2910:Image sensor
2905:Film scanner
2559:Sun printing
2492:Print toning
2279:space selfie
2249:Pictorialism
2179:Ethnographic
2159:Conservation
2031:Guide number
2026:Focal length
1586:Color vision
1388:
1094:Color models
996:
989:. Retrieved
984:
975:
955:
933:. Retrieved
920:
907:
895:. Retrieved
878:
857:
849:
816:
810:
800:
788:. Retrieved
779:
769:
749:
742:
722:
715:
695:
688:
676:. Retrieved
670:
660:
639:
631:
611:
604:
544:RSWOP.icm).
531:
518:
511:
492:
458:
449:
443:mixed using
437:
397:
389:
369:
362:
360:
355:
353:
330:registration
310:
250:
246:reproduction
236:
230:
228:
188:
183:
181:
174:
167:
160:
153:
148:
129:
125:
121:
119:
32:
3241:Color space
3190:Stereoscopy
3054:E-6 process
3049:Dye coupler
2982:color space
2895:Digiscoping
2888:camera back
2803:Philippines
2732:Visual arts
2722:Glass plate
2707:Heliography
2606:Composition
2581:Ultraviolet
2537:Stereoscopy
2532:Slow motion
2517:Scanography
2432:Kite aerial
2372:Contre-jour
2264:Post-mortem
2254:Pornography
2234:Neues Sehen
2169:Documentary
2103:Zone System
2078:Reciprocity
2004:Film format
1934:Backscatter
1912:Terminology
1782:beauty dish
1681:rangefinder
1646:light-field
1627:Photography
1564: [
1519:ICC profile
1078:Color space
991:1 September
913:RGB Vs CMYK
780:Front Signs
303:Inspection
264:Teton Range
204:unsaturated
184:subtractive
137:color model
134:subtractive
3235:Categories
3180:Lomography
3011:processing
2960:Print film
2876:comparison
2843:Uzbekistan
2793:Luxembourg
2753:Bangladesh
2702:Dufaycolor
2682:Box camera
2639:Simplicity
2596:Zoom burst
2591:Xerography
2586:Vignetting
2576:Time-lapse
2564:Tilt–shift
2457:Mordançage
2447:Luminogram
2412:Holography
2407:High-speed
2387:Fill flash
2367:Burst mode
2345:Techniques
2326:Vernacular
2321:Underwater
2316:Toy camera
2296:Still life
2224:Monochrome
2214:High-speed
2164:Cloudscape
2154:Conceptual
2056:Photograph
2041:Lens flare
2021:Film speed
1903:Zone plate
1849:wide-angle
1834:long-focus
1409:Hexachrome
1218:Wide-gamut
1160:UVW (1964)
1155:YUV (1960)
1150:RGB (1931)
1145:XYZ (1931)
935:October 4,
897:October 4,
888:Adobe Inc.
790:October 4,
678:October 4,
596:References
503:colorspace
473:Conversion
408:Hexachrome
392:spot color
364:rich black
232:halftoning
210:Halftoning
143:, used in
130:four color
111:microscope
42:MYB (gene)
3130:Norwegian
3094:Stop bath
3039:Developer
2667:Ambrotype
2629:Lead room
2552:Slit-scan
2487:Photogram
2482:Panoramic
2392:Fireworks
2377:Cyanotype
2219:Landscape
1864:telephoto
1812:reflector
1807:monolight
1802:lens hood
1787:cucoloris
1723:safelight
1634:Equipment
1561:JIS Z8102
1344:Rec. 2100
1332:Rec. 2100
1327:Rec. 2020
1258:Rec. 2100
1253:Rec. 2020
640:WWW.Color
445:dithering
337:newsprint
237:screening
219:distance.
179:(black).
3246:Printing
3209:Category
2915:CMOS APS
2813:Slovenia
2741:Regional
2687:Calotype
2624:Headroom
2502:Redscale
2417:Infrared
2362:Brenizer
2336:Wildlife
2259:Portrait
2204:Forensic
2194:Fine-art
2129:Aircraft
2119:Abstract
1999:F-number
1979:Exposure
1954:Clipping
1929:Aperture
1797:hot shoe
1718:enlarger
1713:Darkroom
1524:ISCC–NBS
1414:HSL, HSV
1399:Coloroid
1394:ColorADD
1322:Rec. 709
1317:Rec. 601
1248:Rec. 709
1238:Rec. 601
1223:ProPhoto
1180:CIECAM16
1175:CIECAM02
1127:CIECAM16
1112:CIECAM02
891:Archived
841:20555157
784:Archived
548:See also
514:dot gain
432:CIE 1931
241:perceive
225:Halftone
101:cerulean
3220:Outline
3156:Related
2848:Vietnam
2833:Ukraine
2768:Denmark
2748:Albania
2727:Tintype
2654:History
2619:Framing
2512:Rollout
2477:Panning
2427:Kirlian
2331:Wedding
2209:Glamour
2189:Fashion
2174:Eclipse
2144:Banquet
2066:Albumen
1876:Monopod
1854:fisheye
1822:softbox
1671:pinhole
1661:instant
1651:digital
1544:Pantone
1539:Ostwald
1529:Munsell
1434:OSA-UCS
821:Bibcode
819:: 260.
672:Gizmodo
564:Cycolor
404:Pantone
347:blacks.
318:keyline
199:primary
132:) is a
106:
3218:
3207:
3140:street
3135:Polish
2828:Turkey
2823:Taiwan
2808:Serbia
2798:Norway
2773:Greece
2758:Canada
2352:Afocal
2311:Street
2291:Sports
2274:Selfie
2229:Nature
2184:Erotic
2149:Candid
2124:Aerial
2112:Genres
2014:medium
1891:Tripod
1859:swivel
1772:Filter
1750:holder
1745:format
1641:Camera
1584:
1384:CcMmYK
1233:DCI-P3
1035:
1026:
1017:
963:
866:
839:
757:
730:
703:
648:
619:
378:, and
326:serifs
172:, and
163:agenta
3145:women
3103:Lists
3059:Fixer
2942:Pixel
2871:D-SLR
2818:Sudan
2788:Korea
2783:Japan
2778:India
2763:China
2547:Strip
2472:Night
2452:Macro
2357:Bokeh
2301:Stock
2269:Ruins
2009:large
1839:prime
1817:snoot
1777:Flash
1755:stock
1730:Drone
1691:still
1676:press
1666:phone
1656:field
1568:]
1429:Oklab
1377:Other
1368:YCoCg
1363:xvYCC
1351:YPbPr
1339:ICtCp
1312:YCbCr
1293:SECAM
1288:YDbDr
1228:scRGB
1213:Adobe
1122:CAM16
1014:XCmyk
837:S2CID
400:gamut
170:ellow
128:, or
3168:film
2883:MILC
2382:ETTR
2239:Nude
2199:Fire
2098:Sync
1896:head
1844:zoom
1829:Lens
1792:gobo
1740:base
1735:Film
1706:view
1554:list
1487:ANPA
1482:ACES
1439:PCCS
1389:CMYK
1305:NTSC
1268:Y′UV
1203:sRGB
1117:iCAM
993:2023
961:ISBN
937:2020
899:2020
864:ISBN
817:5008
792:2020
755:ISBN
728:ISBN
701:ISBN
680:2020
646:ISBN
617:ISBN
584:SWOP
542:Agfa
540:(as
305:CMYK
149:CMYK
120:The
35:(EP)
33:CMYK
2920:CCD
1701:toy
1696:TLR
1686:SLR
1549:RAL
1534:NCS
1514:HKS
1504:DIC
1464:TSL
1459:YJK
1454:HWB
1449:RYB
1419:HCL
1404:LMS
1356:MAC
1300:YIQ
1281:PAL
1276:YUV
1190:RGB
1137:CIE
1104:CAM
829:doi
440:RGB
195:RGB
189:In
156:yan
3237::
1566:ja
1444:RG
995:.
983:.
945:^
928:.
886:.
835:.
827:.
809:.
782:.
778:.
669:.
374:,
367:.
358:.
177:ey
165:,
158:,
1619:e
1612:t
1605:v
1588:.
1070:e
1063:t
1056:v
969:.
939:.
915:"
901:.
872:.
843:.
831::
823::
794:.
763:.
736:.
709:.
682:.
654:.
625:.
332:.
266:.
175:k
168:y
161:m
154:c
103:(
44:.
37:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.