1610:
1622:
within the Cortes, including the conservative wing of the CEDA and the proposed reform was defeated. A change of personnel in the ministry also followed. The agrarian reform bill proved to be a catalyst for a series of increasingly bitter divisions within the
Catholic right, rifts that indicated that the broad based CEDA alliance was disintegrating. Partly as a result of the impetus of the JAP, the Catholic party had been moving further to the right, forcing the resignation of moderate government figures, including Filiberto Villalobos. Gil-Robles was not prepared to return the agriculture portfolio to Giménez Fernández. "For all the social Catholic rhetoric, the extreme right had won the day."
267:
1136:
43:
1148:
215:
1453:
Republican Spain, according to one of its posters had been decided by 'immorality and anarchy'. Catholics who continued to proclaim their republicanism were moved into the revolutionary camp and many speeches argued that the
Catholic republican option had become totally illegitimate. 'A good Catholic may not vote for the Conservative Republican party' declared a
1562:
argues that CEDA was neither fascist nor democratic. Payne argues that CEDA's goal was to win power through legal means and to then enact a constitutional revision that would protect property and religion and alter the basic political system. They would create neither a fascist state nor an absolute
1491:
made from the dried penises of bulls) – taken along to 'fend off the violence which had been promised.' It was one example of the polarisation of political opinions which had occurred in the province of
Salamanca, Robles's province, since the early days of the Republic. This new CEDA squad was
1621:
Between
November 1934 and March 1935, the CEDA minister for agriculture, Manuel Giménez Fernández, introduced into parliament a series of agrarian reform measures designed to better conditions in the Spanish countryside. These moderate proposals met with a hostile response from reactionary elements
1649:
replaced Gil Robles as the right's leading spokesman in parliament. The
Falange expanded massively, and thousands of the JAP joined the organisation (though the majority of the JAP seem to have abandoned politics). They successfully created a sense of militancy on the streets, in order to make an
1466:
would come " which will tear your children from your arms, your parish church will be destroyed, the husband you love will flee from your side authorized by the divorce law, anarchy will come to the countryside, hunger and misery to your home." AFEC orators and organisers urged women to vote 'For
1440:'s Conservative Republicans. The CEDA swamped entire localities with electoral publicity. The party produced ten million leaflets, together with some two hundred thousand coloured posters and hundreds of cars were used to distribute this material through the provinces. In all of the major cities
1452:
The need for unity was the constant theme of the campaign fought by the CEDA and the election was presented as a confrontation of ideas, not of personalities. The electors' choice was simple: they voted for redemption or revolution and they voted for
Christianity or Communism. The fortunes of
1400:
Gil Robles set up CEDA to contest the 1933 election, and tacitly embraced
Fascism. Despite dismissing the idea of a party as a 'rigid fiction', the CEDA leaders created a stable party organisation which would lead the Spanish right into the age of mass politics. The CEDA was constructed around
1457:
editorial and the impression was given that
Conservative Republicans, far from being Catholics, were in fact anti-religious. In this all-round attack on the political centre, the mobilization of women also became a major electoral tactic of the Catholic right. The
1352:
The CEDA failed to make the substantive electoral gains from 1933 to 1936 (though it did see an increase in the number of individual votes) that were needed for it to form government. This resulted in right-wing voters draining away and turning instead towards the
2124:
1582:, the youth wing within the CEDA, "soon developed its own character. The JAP emphasized sporting and political activity. It had its own fortnightly paper, the first issue of which proclaimed: 'We want a new state.' The JAP's distaste for the principles of
1609:
1544:, Robles staging a rally in March 1934, to shouts of "Jefe" ("Chief", after the Italian "Duce" used in support of Mussolini). Robles used anti-strike law to pick union leaders off one by one, and attempted to undermine the republican government of the
1650:
authoritarian regime justifiable. CEDA came under direct attack from the
Falange. This rapid radicalization of the CEDA youth movement effectively meant that all attempts to save parliamentary Catholicism were doomed to failure.
2121:
1503:
in no small part because the massive CNT membership abstained, holding true to their anarchist principles. The CEDA had won a plurality of seats; however, these were not enough to form a majority, but then
President
1379:
led to CEDA abandoning moderation and providing support for the military uprising against the republic, which included donating its electoral funds to the initial leader of the Nationalist faction, General
1242:,' translating this theoretical stand into a political demand for the revision of the anti-Catholic passages of the republican constitution. CEDA saw itself as a defensive organisation, formed to protect
676:
1405:
in December 1932. Having accepted the "principles of Christian civilization", confederated bodies retained full freedom both of thought and of action – such a definition was framed with the
1601:
On 26 September, the CEDA announced it would no longer support the RRP's minority government; it was replaced by a RRP cabinet, led by Lerroux once more, that included three members of the CEDA.
1492:
also very much in evidence on election day itself, when its members patrolled the streets and polling stations in the provincial capital, supposedly to prevent the left from tampering with the
1420:
instructed its readers to make the coming elections into an "obsession", the " sublime culmination of citizenly duties," so that victory in the polls would bring an end to the republican
1345:
CEDA was largely the party of practicing Roman Catholics, the middle-class, and small holding farm families. It would ultimately become the most popular individual party in Spain in the
1389:
1567:. While this would entail the limitation of direct democratic rights, it would not be a state in the style of Hitler or Mussolini's but probably closer to the neighbouring Portuguese
1677:, outlawing the rest of political parties in the rebel-controlled territory. As result, CEDA ceased to exist. Many party cadres, including Franco's co-brother-in-law
1556:
in 1933 and spoken of its " youthful enthusiasm, steeped in optimism, so different to the desolate and enervating scepticism of our defeatists and intellectuals."
1520:
government led by Lerroux; it later demanded and, on October 1, 1934, received three ministerial positions. They suspended most of the reforms of the previous
2248:
2228:
2238:
1436:. A national electoral committee was established, comprising CEDA, Alfonsist, Traditionalist, and Agrarian representatives – but excluding
1633:. However, Zamora did not allow the CEDA to form a government, and called elections. The elections of February 16, 1936 were narrowly won by the
1178:
2243:
1476:
2223:
2213:
2188:
848:
632:
1251:
778:
55:
2233:
2208:
2218:
2183:
1765:
1462:
had been formed in October 1931. As the 1933 general election approached women were warned that unless they voted correctly
1007:
2203:
1552:, the JAP created an intense and often disturbing cult around the figure of Gil Robles. Robles himself had returned from
1171:
808:
1409:
in mind. The right would work together for 'the radical transformation of the regime.' October 1933 announcement of a
505:
230:
2091:
2066:
2253:
2193:
1662:
1338:
and was greatly influenced by it, henceforth becoming committed to creating a single anti-Marxist and pro-Catholic
863:
2198:
1326:, the CEDA emulated the propaganda ploys of the Nazis, including a similar emphasis upon obedience to authority,
962:
562:
483:
164:
1670:
1578:
1385:
833:
572:
128:
2152:
1164:
250:
607:
478:
1413:
1346:
926:
758:
1681:(who ended up becoming chief of the political junta of the FET y de las JONS) joined the new organization.
1545:
952:
156:
147:
592:
1586:
was such that internal decisions were never voted upon. As the thirteenth point of the JAP put it: "Anti-
1247:
889:
1055:
537:
1085:
921:
1653:
Many of the party's supporters welcomed the military rebellion in the summer of 1936 which led to the
1690:
1266:
submits or we will eliminate it." The CEDA held Fascist-style rallies, called Gil-Robles "Jefe", the
899:
894:
1508:
declined to invite the leader of the CEDA, Gil Robles, to form a government and instead invited the
818:
622:
1678:
1509:
1376:
1357:
1287:
1103:
972:
937:
843:
686:
1075:
868:
647:
2029:
Ruiz, Julius. The 'red Terror' and the Spanish Civil War. Cambridge University Press, 2014, p. 28
1307:
1295:
1220:
947:
783:
1505:
1475:
the efforts of a group of left wing sympathisers to prevent people entering the bullring, where
1471:
brought young male activists to the fore. In one incident in the last week of the campaign, in
612:
1569:
1529:
1291:
1262:
is not an end but a mean to achieve the conquest of the new state. When the time comes, either
1239:
1235:
1108:
957:
828:
542:
356:
81:
1634:
1467:
God and for Spain!' Mirroring the female qualities emphasized by AFEC the CEDA's self-styled
1401:
organisational units known as Derechas Autónomas, the first of which had been established in
1303:
904:
838:
728:
341:
168:
20:
1540:), being followed by mass political arrests and trials. CEDA continued to mimic the German
1231:
858:
743:
557:
2162:
1757:
1750:
1587:
1243:
991:
803:
773:
577:
493:
428:
310:
1836:
Payne, Stanley G. The Franco Regime, 1936–1975. University of Wisconsin Press, 2011, p. 46
1646:
1364:
1070:
1065:
723:
8:
1327:
1140:
1113:
1018:
793:
738:
666:
597:
473:
363:
346:
184:
160:
552:
1583:
1368:
1267:
1050:
967:
788:
582:
235:
188:
179:
2148:
2087:
2062:
1761:
1666:
1654:
1513:
942:
931:
637:
488:
423:
381:
317:
225:
91:
1276:, and sometimes debated whether CEDA might lead a "March on Madrid" (similar to the
748:
587:
1658:
1559:
1537:
1500:
768:
753:
718:
627:
602:
567:
445:
440:
1614:
266:
2128:
1638:
1630:
1594:. The people participating in Government in an organic manner, not by degenerate
1553:
1441:
1433:
1360:
1339:
1277:
1255:
1238:
and defined itself in terms of the 'affirmation and defence of the principles of
1224:
1216:
1045:
617:
500:
386:
298:
1536:—both rebellions were suppressed (the Asturias rebellion by young General
1521:
351:
853:
468:
642:
2177:
2144:
1745:
1548:, who attempted to continue the republic's previous reforms. Using the title
1410:
1299:
1280:
823:
798:
696:
401:
292:
1060:
813:
2136:
1780:
Mary Vincent, Catholicism in the Second Spanish Republic, Chapter 9, p. 202
1591:
1483:. Later stopped and searched they were found to be carrying a quantity of
1437:
1429:
1372:
1323:
1315:
1227:
1152:
1012:
763:
733:
547:
201:
152:
50:
1806:. 3rd edition. New York: Norton & Company, Inc, 2007. 2006 pp. 45, 69.
1892:
Gaceta Regional, 27 December 1932, 9 January 1933, quoted, M.Vincent, 203
1849:. 3rd edition. New York: Norton & Company, Inc, 2007. 2006 pp. 88–89.
1642:
1564:
1381:
418:
396:
335:
172:
1637:, with vastly smaller resources than the political right, who followed
1541:
1493:
1425:
1354:
1331:
1319:
1263:
435:
407:
122:
1447:
1026:
1865:. 3rd edition. New York: Norton & Company, Inc, 2007. 2006 p. 89.
1824:. 3rd edition. New York: Norton & Company, Inc, 2007. 2006 p. 62.
1793:. 3rd edition. New York: Norton & Company, Inc, 2007. 2006 p. 64.
1626:
1625:
Lerroux's Radical government collapsed after two large scandals, the
1595:
1533:
1463:
1402:
1335:
1306:. CEDA often claimed that the Far Left political parties leading the
1259:
997:
450:
391:
305:
281:
1254:
declared his intention to "give Spain a true unity, a new spirit, a
513:
1525:
1517:
1488:
1472:
1444:
were shown around the streets on screens mounted on large lorries.
328:
1416:
brought about an unprecedented mobilization of the Spanish right.
42:
2113:
La CEDA: El catolicismo social y politico en la Segunda República
1674:
1641:
techniques. CEDA turned its campaign chest over to army plotter
1406:
1311:
1118:
322:
286:
1993:
Preston, Coming of the Spanish Civil war, 153–154 (2nd edn, 184)
1390:
Falange Española de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista
1598:." The JAP held a series of rallies during the course of 1934.
1484:
413:
101:
1367:. Outrage over both Calvo Sotelo's 1936 assassination and the
1832:
1830:
1080:
105:
1857:
1855:
1796:
214:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1424:. Great emphasis was placed on the techniques of electoral
1388:(JAP; "Youth for Popular Action") defected en masse to the
1272:
1002:
519:
1827:
1499:
In the 1933 elections, the CEDA won the most seats in the
1395:
2141:
The Spanish Civil War: Reaction, Revolution & Revenge
1863:
The Spanish Civil War: Reaction, Revolution & Revenge
1852:
1847:
The Spanish Civil War: Reaction, Revolution & Revenge
1822:
The Spanish Civil War: Reaction, Revolution & Revenge
1804:
The Spanish Civil War: Reaction, Revolution & Revenge
1791:
The Spanish Civil War: Reaction, Revolution & Revenge
1809:
1384:. Subsequently, many members of CEDA's youth movement,
1975:, 1923–1977. University of Wisconsin Pres, 1999, p. 45
1940:
1938:
1752:
The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War 1936–1939
1604:
1524:
government, provoking an armed miners' rebellion in
1935:
1479:was speaking, led to a running battle with CEDA's
1448:
The polarization of political opinions and the CEDA
1749:
2175:
1330:, and social hierarchy. Gil-Robles observed a
1613:José María Gil-Robles at a campaign rally at
1172:
2169:(1 ed.). London: Eyre and Spottiswoode.
1193:Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas
34:Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas
1710:
1708:
1706:
1375:linked to all Far Left parties against the
1286:The CEDA claimed that it was defending the
1196:
2249:Political parties of the Spanish Civil War
2229:Defunct political party alliances in Spain
1738:
1732:Democracy and Civil War in Spain 1932–1939
1717:Democracy and Civil War in Spain 1932–1939
1206:Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Rights
1179:
1165:
213:
41:
31:Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Rights
2061:. Cornell University Press. p. 106.
2056:
2041:
1729:
1723:
1714:
2239:Political parties disestablished in 1937
1703:
1608:
2135:
2110:
2059:The Sources of Democratic Consolidation
1432:to study modern methods, including the
1396:The CEDA eclipses the republican centre
2176:
2161:
2081:
1914:Gaceta Regional, 5 and 8 November 1933
1744:
1310:had already made politics a matter of
2244:Political parties established in 1933
1318:. With the advent of the rise of the
2224:Defunct nationalist parties in Spain
1230:force, it was the political heir to
1008:Francisco Franco National Foundation
2214:Defunct Christian political parties
1665:which laid out the creation of the
13:
1657:. In April 1937, the rebel leader
1605:Rifts, moving further to the right
16:1933–1937 political party in Spain
14:
2265:
2011:Preston (2006). pp. 82–83.
1962:Preston (2006). pp. 73–74.
1874:Preston (2006). pp. 63–65.
1669:upon the merging of the Fascist
1460:Asociación Femenina de Educación
1146:
1134:
265:
56:José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones
2189:1937 disestablishments in Spain
2132:, Volume: 49 Issue: 5, May 1999
2075:
2050:
2032:
2023:
2014:
2005:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1965:
1956:
1947:
1926:
1917:
1908:
1895:
1886:
1877:
1868:
1258:polity..." and went on to say "
963:Regionalist League of Catalonia
484:Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera
1839:
1783:
1774:
1:
2234:National conservative parties
2209:Conservative parties in Spain
1696:
1516:to do so. CEDA supported the
1477:José María Lamamié de Clairac
1283:) to forcefully seize power.
927:Democratic Union of Catalonia
2219:Defunct conservative parties
2184:1933 establishments in Spain
2111:Montero, José Ramón (1977),
1579:Juventudes de Acción Popular
1546:Republican Left of Catalonia
1414:general election in November
1386:Juventudes de Acción Popular
129:Juventudes de Acción Popular
7:
1684:
10:
2270:
2204:Catholic political parties
2104:
2057:Alexander, Gerard (2018).
2020:Preston (1999). pp. 17–23.
1730:Blinkhorn, Martin (2002),
1715:Blinkhorn, Martin (2002),
573:Fernández de la Mora y Mon
18:
1756:. Penguin Group. p.
1691:Category:CEDA politicians
1563:monarchy but a Catholic,
900:Spanish Catholic Movement
677:The Dehumanization of Art
221:
212:
207:
194:
178:
146:
135:
121:
111:
97:
87:
77:
69:
61:
49:
40:
28:
2086:. Penguin. p. 255.
1734:, Routledge, p. 140
1510:Radical Republican Party
1377:Catholic Church in Spain
1288:Catholic Church in Spain
973:Traditionalist Communion
938:Liberal Republican Right
890:Navarrese People's Union
687:The Revolt of the Masses
479:1923 Spanish coup d'état
2254:Second Spanish Republic
2194:Anti-communism in Spain
2082:Beevor, Antony (2006).
1719:, Routledge, p. 15
1673:and the traditionalist
1308:Second Spanish Republic
1296:authoritarian socialism
1248:private property rights
1221:Second Spanish Republic
1141:Conservatism portal
180:Political position
142:700,000 (party's claim)
2199:Anti-communist parties
2047:Preston (2006). p. 92.
2038:Preston (2006). p. 89.
1953:Preston (2006). p. 72.
1944:Thomas (1961). p. 100.
1932:Preston (2006). p. 67.
1618:
1292:Christian civilization
1240:Christian civilization
1109:Sociological Francoism
2167:The Spanish Civil War
1984:Thomas (1961). p. 78.
1903:No fue posible la paz
1612:
1528:on October 6, and an
1428:. Gil Robles visited
1304:religious persecution
1252:José María Gil-Robles
1104:Immigration and crime
1076:Revista Contemporánea
342:Political Catholicism
259:Conservatism in Spain
169:National conservatism
157:Political Catholicism
21:CEDA (disambiguation)
2115:, Revista de Trabajo
2084:The Battle for Spain
1565:corporative republic
1506:Niceto Alcalá-Zamora
1244:religious toleration
311:National Catholicism
19:For other uses, see
1679:Ramón Serrano Suñer
1358:Renovación Española
1328:extreme nationalism
1114:Spanish irredentism
1019:Movimiento Nacional
667:Liberalism is a Sin
474:Bourbon Restoration
364:Spanish nationalism
347:Christian democracy
161:Spanish nationalism
2127:2007-03-13 at the
1971:Payne, Stanley G.
1663:Unification Decree
1619:
1588:parliamentarianism
1584:universal suffrage
1481:sección de defensa
1469:sección de defensa
1268:Castillian Spanish
1232:Ángel Herrera Oria
968:Spanish Renovation
922:Conservative Party
1767:978-0-14-303765-1
1667:FET y de las JONS
1655:Spanish Civil War
1647:José Calvo Sotelo
1514:Alejandro Lerroux
1365:José Calvo Sotelo
1189:
1188:
1066:Heraldo de Aragón
953:People's Alliance
932:FET y de las JONS
759:Fernández-Miranda
489:Spanish Civil War
244:
243:
231:Political parties
226:Politics of Spain
92:FET y de las JONS
2261:
2170:
2158:
2122:Franco and Azaña
2116:
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2030:
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2021:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1976:
1973:Fascism in Spain
1969:
1963:
1960:
1954:
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1945:
1942:
1933:
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1924:
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1736:
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1659:Francisco Franco
1538:Francisco Franco
1442:propaganda films
1215:) was a Spanish
1210:
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1204:
1201:
1198:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1153:Spain portal
1151:
1150:
1149:
1139:
1138:
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869:Vázquez de Mella
702:
692:
682:
672:
648:Vázquez de Mella
446:Spanish unionism
441:Social hierarchy
269:
260:
246:
245:
217:
200:
139:
88:Merged into
78:Preceded by
45:
26:
25:
2269:
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2262:
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2258:
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2129:Wayback Machine
2119:Preston, Paul.
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2019:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2002:Vincent, p. 235
2001:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1923:Vincent p. 212.
1922:
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1882:
1878:
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1768:
1743:
1739:
1728:
1724:
1713:
1704:
1699:
1687:
1639:Nazi propaganda
1631:Nombela scandal
1629:affair and the
1607:
1554:Nuremberg Rally
1487:whips – (
1455:Gaceta Regional
1450:
1434:Nuremberg Rally
1398:
1363:and its leader
1361:political party
1340:political party
1278:Italian Fascist
1217:political party
1208:
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1202:
1199:
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1147:
1145:
1135:
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1125:
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992:Acción Española
986:
978:
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948:Patriotic Union
882:
874:
873:
714:
706:
705:
700:
690:
680:
670:
661:
653:
652:
613:Ortega y Gasset
568:d'Ors (Eugenio)
543:Aznar Zubigaray
533:
525:
524:
506:Art and culture
501:Francoist Spain
464:
456:
455:
377:
369:
368:
299:Carlo-francoism
277:
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2143:(3 ed.).
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2100:
2099:
2092:
2074:
2067:
2049:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2013:
2004:
1995:
1986:
1977:
1964:
1955:
1946:
1934:
1925:
1916:
1907:
1894:
1885:
1883:Vincent, p.202
1876:
1867:
1861:Paul Preston.
1851:
1845:Paul Preston.
1838:
1826:
1820:Paul Preston.
1808:
1802:Paul Preston.
1795:
1789:Paul Preston.
1782:
1773:
1766:
1746:Beevor, Antony
1737:
1722:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1686:
1683:
1671:FE de las JONS
1645:. Monarchist
1606:
1603:
1530:independentist
1449:
1446:
1397:
1394:
1392:or "Falange".
1347:1936 elections
1270:equivalent to
1246:, family, and
1236:Acción Popular
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1143:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1111:
1106:
1100:
1098:Related topics
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
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1053:
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1005:
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987:
984:
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965:
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958:Popular Action
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
929:
924:
919:
908:
907:
902:
897:
895:People's Party
892:
883:
880:
879:
876:
875:
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866:
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841:
836:
831:
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563:d'Ors (Álvaro)
560:
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534:
531:
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469:Spanish Empire
465:
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448:
443:
438:
433:
432:
431:
421:
416:
411:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
382:Anti-communism
378:
375:
374:
371:
370:
367:
366:
361:
360:
359:
357:Traditionalism
354:
352:Neocatholicism
349:
339:
332:
325:
320:
315:
314:
313:
303:
302:
301:
296:
284:
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133:
132:
125:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
82:Popular Action
79:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
53:
47:
46:
38:
37:
33:
30:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2266:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
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2240:
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2202:
2200:
2197:
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2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2146:
2145:HarperCollins
2142:
2138:
2137:Preston, Paul
2134:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2095:
2093:9781101201206
2089:
2085:
2078:
2070:
2068:9781501720482
2064:
2060:
2053:
2044:
2035:
2026:
2017:
2008:
1999:
1990:
1981:
1974:
1968:
1959:
1950:
1941:
1939:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1904:
1898:
1889:
1880:
1871:
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1636:
1635:Popular Front
1632:
1628:
1623:
1616:
1615:San Sebastián
1611:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1560:Stanley Payne
1557:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1532:rebellion in
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
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1507:
1502:
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1393:
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1374:
1371:unleashed by
1370:
1366:
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1348:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1300:State Atheism
1297:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1281:March on Rome
1279:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1261:
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1016:
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985:Organisations
982:
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747:
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744:Donoso Cortés
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
716:
710:
709:
699:
698:
697:The New State
694:
689:
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561:
559:
558:Donoso Cortés
556:
554:
551:
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546:
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541:
539:
536:
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532:Intellectuals
529:
528:
521:
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444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
430:
427:
426:
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422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
409:
405:
403:
402:Family values
400:
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373:
372:
365:
362:
358:
355:
353:
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345:
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338:
337:
333:
331:
330:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
312:
309:
308:
307:
304:
300:
297:
295:
294:
293:Carloctavismo
290:
289:
288:
285:
283:
280:
279:
273:
272:
268:
264:
263:
257:
256:
252:
248:
247:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
223:
220:
216:
211:
206:
203:
197:
193:
190:
186:
183:
181:
177:
174:
170:
166:
165:Accidentalism
162:
158:
154:
151:
149:
145:
141:
134:
131:
130:
126:
124:
120:
117:
114:
110:
107:
103:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
83:
80:
76:
73:19 April 1937
72:
68:
64:
60:
57:
54:
52:
48:
44:
39:
27:
22:
2166:
2163:Thomas, Hugh
2140:
2120:
2112:
2083:
2077:
2058:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2007:
1998:
1989:
1980:
1972:
1967:
1958:
1949:
1928:
1919:
1910:
1902:
1901:Gil Robles,
1897:
1888:
1879:
1870:
1862:
1846:
1841:
1821:
1803:
1798:
1790:
1785:
1776:
1751:
1740:
1731:
1725:
1716:
1652:
1624:
1620:
1600:
1592:dictatorship
1577:
1575:
1568:
1558:
1549:
1522:Manuel Azaña
1498:
1494:ballot boxes
1480:
1468:
1459:
1454:
1451:
1438:Miguel Maura
1430:Nazi Germany
1421:
1417:
1399:
1373:death squads
1351:
1344:
1322:to power in
1316:anti-Marxism
1285:
1271:
1256:totalitarian
1228:conservative
1212:
1192:
1190:
1025:
1017:
1013:Madrid Forum
990:
916:
910:
909:
884:
695:
685:
675:
665:
512:
494:White Terror
406:
387:Anti-Masonry
334:
327:
291:
153:Conservatism
127:
115:
98:Headquarters
65:4 March 1933
1661:issued the
1643:Emilio Mola
1570:Estado Novo
1422:bienio rojo
1382:Emilio Mola
839:Ruiz-Jarabo
713:Politicians
429:Traditional
419:Imperialism
397:Familialism
336:Noucentisme
173:Corporatism
136:Membership
2178:Categories
2154:0007232071
1697:References
1542:Nazi Party
1426:propaganda
1369:Red Terror
1355:Monarchist
1342:in Spain.
1332:Nazi Party
1320:Nazi Party
1294:" against
1264:parliament
1061:El Alcázar
1022:(factions)
934:(factions)
789:Goicoechea
779:Gil-Robles
660:Literature
638:de Unamuno
583:Gil Robles
436:Patriotism
408:Hispanidad
376:Principles
276:Ideologies
208:Party flag
185:Right-wing
123:Youth wing
1627:Straperlo
1596:democracy
1534:Catalonia
1489:bullwhips
1464:communism
1418:El Debate
1403:Salamanca
1336:Nuremberg
1334:rally in
1260:Democracy
998:CitizenGo
943:New Force
849:de Tejada
829:de Rivera
794:Marhuenda
633:de Tejada
628:Santayana
603:de Maeztu
598:Marhuenda
451:Tradition
392:Authority
318:Integrism
306:Francoism
282:Alfonsism
236:Elections
189:far-right
116:El Debate
112:Newspaper
70:Dissolved
2165:(1961).
2139:(2006).
2125:Archived
1748:(2006).
1685:See also
1675:carlists
1617:in 1935.
1526:Asturias
1518:centrist
1473:Guijuelo
1407:Carlists
1225:Catholic
1071:La Razón
864:Valiente
608:Menéndez
593:Losantos
538:Albiñana
424:Monarchy
329:Mellismo
251:a series
249:Part of
148:Ideology
2105:Sources
1590:. Anti-
1324:Germany
1314:versus
1312:Marxism
1219:in the
1200:
1119:Iberism
1027:Requeté
911:Defunct
881:Parties
844:Serrano
834:Rodezno
819:Pradera
804:Navarro
739:Carrero
719:Abascal
623:Pradera
463:History
323:Maurism
287:Carlism
62:Founded
2151:
2090:
2065:
1764:
1501:Cortes
1485:pizzle
1302:, and
1051:Arriba
885:Active
859:Utrera
854:Tejero
774:Gambra
769:Franco
749:Cosidó
734:Casado
701:(1935)
691:(1929)
681:(1925)
671:(1884)
618:Panero
588:Hervás
578:Gambra
548:Balmes
514:Búnker
414:Honour
199:
195:Colors
138:(1933)
102:Madrid
51:Leader
1905:p.100
1290:and "
1086:Trece
1081:Telva
1056:Época
1040:Media
824:Rajoy
814:Piñar
809:Pérez
799:Maura
784:Girón
764:Fraga
729:Aznar
724:Ayuso
643:Vigón
106:Spain
2149:ISBN
2088:ISBN
2063:ISBN
1762:ISBN
1576:The
1550:jefe
1411:snap
1273:Duce
1223:. A
1213:CEDA
1197:lit.
1191:The
1003:FAES
917:CEDA
553:Cela
520:20-N
202:Blue
1758:xxx
1512:'s
1234:'s
1046:ABC
905:Vox
754:Fal
187:to
2180::
2147:.
1937:^
1854:^
1829:^
1811:^
1760:.
1705:^
1573:.
1496:.
1349:.
1298:,
1250:.
1211:,
253:on
104:,
2157:.
2096:.
2071:.
1770:.
1209:'
1203:'
1195:(
1180:e
1173:t
1166:v
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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