481:
465:
451:
423:
391:
335:
319:
305:
277:
244:
227:
524:
378:
1257:
1317:
211:
1341:
1267:
492:
346:
55:
1293:
1329:
1305:
193:
and began survey observations in 2014 when it was deployed in the Karoo. The secondary mirrors on both telescopes were supported by cones of radio-transparent foam to minimize the contamination from ground pick up and to avoid scattering the incoming polarized radiation. The C-BASS North telescope
548:. At this frequency most of the signal comes from emissions from high-energy electrons spiralling around magnetic fields in the galaxy. This radiation is highly polarized and a major foreground distorting the
539:
of 0.73 degrees. The angular resolution represents the smallest details that can be distinguished in the images. This has been the first survey to map the sky at a frequency of 5 GHz—low enough to be
1066:
1366:
628:
556:
1115:
1270:
1077:
938:
656:
King, O.G.; et al. (2010). Holland, Wayne S; Zmuidzinas, Jonas (eds.). "The C-Band All-Sky Survey: Instrument design status and First-look data".
1031:
153:
137:
495:
776:
Holler, Christian M; et al. (28 August 2012). "A Circularly
Symmetric Antenna Design With High Polarization Purity and Low Spillover".
1196:
1376:
875:
862:
880:
870:
190:
133:
895:
890:
847:
559:, mainly from our own galaxy, from measurements of the CMB in order to improve the exactness of the CMB measurements. The CMB is
762:
58:
1125:
1071:
611:
194:
was retired in April 2015 after the initial observing phase was complete. C-BASS South continues to operate as of 2019.
167:
For an all sky survey two ground-based telescopes are required, one in the southern and one in the northern hemisphere.
1060:
1024:
129:
1371:
709:
Stevenson, M.A.; et al. (2019). "The C-Band All-Sky Survey (C-BASS): digital backend for the northern survey".
1391:
1219:
910:
1109:
237:
141:
105:
1396:
1260:
1017:
531:
The survey has mapped not only the intensity but also the orientation of the incoming electromagnetic waves (
349:
189:. One was used for testing at Hartebeesthoek and the other relocated to Klerefontein. It was commissioned at
840:
549:
1283:
1242:
1184:
1361:
1147:
954:
480:
334:
175:
422:
276:
243:
1381:
1230:
900:
450:
304:
125:
905:
885:
915:
833:
1236:
1213:
756:
541:
186:
149:
1054:
795:
728:
675:
560:
532:
182:
121:
464:
318:
8:
1345:
1202:
1158:
1040:
933:
658:
Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared
Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy V
171:
799:
732:
679:
1333:
1321:
1207:
811:
785:
744:
718:
691:
665:
536:
472:
326:
1190:
1120:
1098:
748:
695:
815:
390:
226:
1297:
925:
803:
736:
683:
564:
545:
1163:
964:
615:
523:
444:
377:
298:
93:
85:
527:
The southern C-BASS telescope in the final stages of commissioning in the Karoo.
1386:
576:
572:
1355:
807:
608:
584:
568:
405:
89:
1309:
1168:
982:
740:
555:
The primary scientific goal of the project is to aid in the subtraction of
255:
161:
157:
140:. The initial observations were made with two telescopes; one based at the
101:
504:
358:
67:
1009:
431:
285:
259:
145:
109:
687:
580:
723:
790:
670:
210:
825:
1225:
1153:
974:
959:
491:
345:
54:
36:
1093:
401:
97:
1103:
1304:
544:
dominated but high enough to be relatively unaffected by
1367:
Organisations associated with the
University of Oxford
1281:
939:
Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters
711:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
633:South African Radio Astronomy Observatory - SARAO
1353:
88:project that aims to map the entire sky in the
215:C-BASS North at Owens Valley Radio Observatory
138:King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology
1197:Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area Survey
1025:
841:
778:IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
174:, the dish was donated to the project by the
769:
651:
649:
604:
602:
600:
563:, this polarization can help shed light on
92:(5 GHz). It has been conducted on two
1032:
1018:
848:
834:
479:
463:
449:
421:
389:
376:
333:
317:
303:
275:
242:
225:
209:
191:Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory
134:Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory
120:The survey is a collaboration between the
789:
722:
708:
669:
1039:
646:
597:
522:
148:, United States, and the other near the
575:. Secondary goals include studying the
1354:
775:
702:
115:
1013:
829:
1266:
655:
609:Square Kilometer Array Media Release
535:) at every point on the sky with an
462:7.6 m (24 ft 11 in)
1126:Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer
1072:Palomar Distant Solar System Survey
518:
316:6.1 m (20 ft 0 in)
13:
1377:California Institute of Technology
1061:The INT Photometric H-Alpha Survey
761:: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
130:California Institute of Technology
14:
1408:
855:
1339:
1327:
1315:
1303:
1291:
1265:
1256:
1255:
490:
344:
53:
1220:Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey
1104:Infrared Astronomical Satellite
1110:UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey
621:
238:Owens Valley Radio Observatory
142:Owens Valley Radio Observatory
106:Owens Valley Radio Observatory
1:
590:
185:with two antennae donated by
7:
550:Cosmic Microwave Background
10:
1413:
1185:2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey
1251:
1177:
1148:GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey
1135:
1086:
1047:
991:
973:
955:GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey
947:
924:
861:
501:
488:
471:
458:
440:
430:
412:
397:
384:
375:
355:
342:
325:
312:
294:
284:
266:
251:
233:
220:
208:
176:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
78:The C-Band All Sky Survey
64:
51:
31:
23:
1372:University of Manchester
1231:Sloan Digital Sky Survey
808:10.1109/TAP.2012.2219843
496:Related media on Commons
436:5 GHz (6.0 cm)
350:Related media on Commons
290:5 GHz (6.0 cm)
181:C-BASS South is a 7.6-m
170:C-BASS North was a 6.1m
126:University of Manchester
59:Related media on Commons
863:Cambridge Radio Surveys
262:, Pacific States Region
96:, one operating in the
1392:Collaborative projects
1116:SCUBA-2 All Sky Survey
528:
385:Alternative names
221:Alternative names
24:Alternative names
1237:VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey
1214:DEEP2 Redshift Survey
999:C-Band All Sky Survey
948:Extragalactic sources
629:"C-BASS Klerefontein"
542:synchrotron radiation
526:
417:C-Band All Sky Survey
271:C-Band All Sky Survey
187:Telkom (South Africa)
150:Meerkat National Park
19:C-Band All Sky Survey
1397:Astronomical surveys
1055:Digitized Sky Survey
1041:Astronomical surveys
741:10.1093/mnras/stz313
583:, the WMAP Haze and
557:foreground radiation
441:Telescope style
295:Telescope style
183:Cassegrain telescope
122:University of Oxford
1203:CfA Redshift Survey
934:NRAO VLA Sky Survey
800:2013ITAP...61..117H
733:2019MNRAS.484.5377S
680:2010SPIE.7741E..1IK
372:
205:
198:
172:Gregorian telescope
136:(HartRAO), and the
116:Project description
20:
1208:Dark Energy Survey
614:2013-12-24 at the
537:angular resolution
529:
473:Angular resolution
370:
327:Angular resolution
203:
197:
18:
1279:
1278:
1191:6dF Galaxy Survey
1007:
1006:
688:10.1117/12.858011
516:
515:
512:
511:
477:0.75 degree
366:
365:
331:0.75 degree
75:
74:
1404:
1362:Radio telescopes
1344:
1343:
1342:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1308:
1307:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1269:
1268:
1259:
1258:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1011:
1010:
992:Galactic surveys
926:Very Large Array
850:
843:
836:
827:
826:
820:
819:
793:
773:
767:
766:
760:
752:
726:
717:(4): 5377–5388.
706:
700:
699:
673:
653:
644:
643:
641:
639:
625:
619:
606:
565:inflation theory
546:Faraday rotation
519:Scientific goals
505:edit on Wikidata
494:
484:
483:
467:
454:
453:
426:
425:
393:
380:
373:
369:
359:edit on Wikidata
348:
338:
337:
321:
308:
307:
280:
279:
247:
246:
229:
213:
206:
202:
199:
196:
94:radio telescopes
68:edit on Wikidata
57:
47:
44:
42:
40:
38:
21:
17:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1382:Radio astronomy
1352:
1351:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1328:
1326:
1316:
1314:
1302:
1292:
1290:
1282:
1280:
1275:
1247:
1173:
1164:Ohio Sky Survey
1131:
1099:Akari (Astro-F)
1082:
1043:
1038:
1008:
1003:
987:
969:
965:Ohio Sky Survey
943:
920:
857:
854:
824:
823:
774:
770:
754:
753:
707:
703:
654:
647:
637:
635:
627:
626:
622:
618:, South Africa.
616:Wayback Machine
607:
598:
593:
577:magnetic fields
521:
508:
478:
448:
445:radio telescope
420:
362:
332:
302:
299:radio telescope
274:
241:
216:
118:
104:, the other at
86:radio astronomy
71:
35:
12:
11:
5:
1410:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1349:
1348:
1336:
1324:
1312:
1300:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1263:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1096:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1064:
1058:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1037:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1014:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1001:
995:
993:
989:
988:
986:
985:
979:
977:
971:
970:
968:
967:
962:
957:
951:
949:
945:
944:
942:
941:
936:
930:
928:
922:
921:
919:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
867:
865:
859:
858:
853:
852:
845:
838:
830:
822:
821:
784:(1): 117–124.
768:
701:
645:
620:
595:
594:
592:
589:
573:early universe
552:(CMB) signal.
520:
517:
514:
513:
510:
509:
502:
499:
498:
486:
485:
475:
469:
468:
460:
456:
455:
442:
438:
437:
434:
428:
427:
414:
410:
409:
399:
395:
394:
386:
382:
381:
367:
364:
363:
356:
353:
352:
340:
339:
329:
323:
322:
314:
310:
309:
296:
292:
291:
288:
282:
281:
268:
264:
263:
253:
249:
248:
235:
231:
230:
222:
218:
217:
214:
117:
114:
73:
72:
65:
62:
61:
49:
48:
33:
29:
28:
25:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1409:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1347:
1337:
1335:
1325:
1323:
1313:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1272:
1264:
1262:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:Spectroscopic
1176:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1000:
997:
996:
994:
990:
984:
981:
980:
978:
976:
972:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
952:
950:
946:
940:
937:
935:
932:
931:
929:
927:
923:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
868:
866:
864:
860:
856:Radio surveys
851:
846:
844:
839:
837:
832:
831:
828:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
792:
787:
783:
779:
772:
764:
758:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
725:
720:
716:
712:
705:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
672:
667:
663:
659:
652:
650:
634:
630:
624:
617:
613:
610:
605:
603:
601:
596:
588:
586:
585:spinning dust
582:
578:
574:
570:
569:gravity waves
566:
562:
558:
553:
551:
547:
543:
538:
534:
525:
506:
500:
497:
493:
487:
482:
476:
474:
470:
466:
461:
457:
452:
446:
443:
439:
435:
433:
429:
424:
418:
415:
411:
407:
406:Northern Cape
403:
400:
396:
392:
387:
383:
379:
374:
368:
360:
354:
351:
347:
341:
336:
330:
328:
324:
320:
315:
311:
306:
300:
297:
293:
289:
287:
283:
278:
272:
269:
265:
261:
257:
254:
250:
245:
239:
236:
232:
228:
223:
219:
212:
207:
201:
200:
195:
192:
188:
184:
179:
177:
173:
168:
165:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
69:
63:
60:
56:
50:
46:
34:
30:
26:
22:
16:
1346:Solar System
1169:PALFA Survey
1142:
1048:Photographic
998:
983:PALFA Survey
781:
777:
771:
757:cite journal
714:
710:
704:
661:
657:
636:. Retrieved
632:
623:
554:
533:polarization
530:
416:
413:Organization
371:C-BASS South
270:
267:Organization
256:Owens Valley
204:C-BASS North
180:
169:
166:
162:South Africa
158:Karoo desert
154:Klerefontein
119:
102:South Africa
81:
77:
76:
15:
1334:Outer space
1322:Spaceflight
579:within the
398:Location(s)
252:Location(s)
1356:Categories
724:1811.06124
664:: 77411I.
591:References
432:Wavelength
286:Wavelength
260:California
146:California
144:(OVRO) in
110:California
1298:Astronomy
1087:Infra-red
791:1111.2702
749:119031722
696:118360085
671:1008.4082
581:Milky Way
561:polarized
1261:Category
1199:(CALIFA)
1187:(2dFGRS)
1112:(UKIDSS)
1067:NGS-POSS
816:25748444
638:6 August
612:Archived
459:Diameter
313:Diameter
1284:Portals
1271:Commons
1243:WiggleZ
1216:(DEEP2)
1193:(6dFGS)
1074:(PDSSS)
1063:(IPHAS)
975:Pulsars
796:Bibcode
729:Bibcode
676:Bibcode
571:in the
388:C-BASS
234:Part of
224:C-BASS
156:in the
84:) is a
32:Website
1239:(VVDS)
1233:(SDSS)
1226:LAMOST
1222:(GAMA)
1154:HIPASS
1150:(GASS)
1143:C-BASS
1128:(WISE)
1106:(IRAS)
1078:SLUGGS
960:HIPASS
814:
747:
694:
489:
447:
419:
343:
301:
273:
240:
132:, the
128:, the
90:C Band
82:C-BASS
52:
27:C-BASS
1387:Karoo
1310:Stars
1210:(DES)
1136:Radio
1121:VISTA
1094:2MASS
1057:(DSS)
812:S2CID
786:arXiv
745:S2CID
719:arXiv
692:S2CID
666:arXiv
503:[
408:, RSA
402:Karoo
357:[
98:Karoo
66:[
37:cbass
1159:NVSS
763:link
662:7741
640:2023
567:and
39:.web
916:10C
804:doi
737:doi
715:484
684:doi
152:in
108:in
100:in
45:.uk
43:.ac
41:.ox
1358::
911:9C
906:8C
901:7C
896:6C
891:5C
886:4C
881:3C
876:2C
871:1C
810:.
802:.
794:.
782:61
780:.
759:}}
755:{{
743:.
735:.
727:.
713:.
690:.
682:.
674:.
660:.
648:^
631:.
599:^
587:.
404:,
258:,
178:.
164:.
160:,
124:,
112:.
1286::
1033:e
1026:t
1019:v
849:e
842:t
835:v
818:.
806::
798::
788::
765:)
751:.
739::
731::
721::
698:.
686::
678::
668::
642:.
507:]
361:]
80:(
70:]
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.