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the stereoscopic motion picture one has to wear a pair of polaroid glasses, made—so far as I could determine—from tinted cellophane and cardboard. These keep slipping off, hanging from one ear, or sliding down the nose, all the while setting up extraneous tickling sensations. And once you have them adjusted and begin looking at the movie, you find that the tinted cellophane (or whatever it is) darkens the color of the screen, so that everything seems to be happening in late afternoon on a cloudy day. The people seem to have two faces, one receding behind the other; the screen becomes unaccountably small, as though one is peering in at a scene through a window. Everything keeps getting out of proportion. Nigel Bruce will either loom up before you or look like a puppet. Sometimes there is depth and sometimes there isn't. One thing is certain: it was all horribly unreal."
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wrote on March 14, 1953, "It is the worst movie in my rather faltering memory, and my hangover from it was so painful that I immediately went to see a two-dimensional movie for relief. Part of the hangover was undoubtedly induced by the photography process itself. To get all the wondrous effects of
639:
from Arch Oboler
Productions for $ 500,000 and a share of the profits and began a wide release of the film in March as a United Artists film. A lawsuit followed, in which producer Edward L. Alperson Jr. claimed that he was part owner of the film after purchasing a share of it for $ 1,000,000
29:
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to kill the lions. With them comes Bob's wife. After the game hunters are killed by the lions, Bob sets out once and for all to kill them. A grim battle between Bob and the lions endangers both Bob and his wife. Bob kills the lions and proves that he is not a weakling.
594:
color filter method was only used for a few short films during these years. The two-strip
Natural Vision projection system required making substantial alterations to a theater's projectors and providing its screen with a special non-depolarizing surface.
445:
had premiered on
September 30, 1952, at the Broadway Theater in New York and was a success there, but its bulky and expensive three-projector system and huge curved screen were impractical, if not impossible, to duplicate in any but the largest theaters.
710:
summed up the process: "This novelty feature boasts of being the first full-length film in
Natural Vision 3D. Although adding backsides to usually flat actors and depth to landscapes, the 3D technique still needs further technical
480:
camera department, was impressed enough to convince MGM to take an option on it, but they quickly let the option lapse. Milton
Gunzburg turned his focus to independent producers and demonstrated Natural Vision to
598:
The film was a critical failure, but a runaway success with audiences. It opened in San
Francisco on December 13, Philadelphia, Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio on December 25, and New York on February 18, 1953.
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at the
Hollywood Paramount Theater. "They were lined up around the block". "People would come out of the movie and yell, 'Don't go in, it stinks!' But nobody listened and they went in anyway."
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794:, "the spectators are laughing, their expressions of hilarity conveying the pleasure of an uproarious, active spectatorship." The Debord version is also flipped left to right and cropped.
441:
By 1951 film attendance had fallen dramatically from 90 million in 1948 to 46 million. Television was seen as the culprit and
Hollywood was looking for a way to lure audiences back.
790:(1973). The photo used for Debord's book shows the audience in "a virtually trance-like state of absorption, their faces grim, their lips pursed". However, in the one chosen by
307:, Africa's first railroad, and intense heat and sickness make it a formidable task. Two men in charge of the mission are Bob Hayward and Dr. Angus McLean. A pair of man-eating
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657:. It premiered on April 10, 1953, and was advertised as "the first 3D release by a major studio". In truth, Columbia had trumped them by two days with their release of
671:
The film grossed $ 20,000 in its opening day from two theaters and went on to earn $ 75,000 in its first four days setting house records. It earned $ 2.7 million in
1165:
THOMAS M. PRYOR (Nov 25, 1952). "12 FILMS TO BE SHOT IN NATURAL VISION: Feature-Length
Pictures Slated for Stereoscopic Process -- 'Bwana Devil' Debut Set".
1396:
https://www.amazon.com/Bwana-Devil-Robert-Stack/dp/B009B36B00/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=bwana+devil&qid=1602203844&s=instant-video&sr=1-1
1277:
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THOMAS M. PRYOR (Dec 13, 1952). "HUGHES IS NAMED TO BOARD AT R. K. O.: Former Major
Stockholder and Two Other Ex-Officials to Serve as Directors".
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craze in the motion picture industry, as well as for being the first feature-length 3D film in color and the first 3D sound feature in English.
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At all U.S. screenings of feature-length 3D films in the 1950s, the polarized light method was used and the audience wore 3D glasses with gray
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are on the loose and completely disrupt the undertaking. Hayward desperately attempts to overcome the situation, but the slaughter continues.
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and would include footage shot in Africa several years beforehand. Filming was to start in May. It was always going to be in Natural Vision.
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Eventually Duff and Miller dropped out and were replaced by Robert Stack and Barbara Britton. The title of Oboler's film was changed to
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at the premiere. One of the photos was published as a full page in the magazine and has become iconic. It was also used as the cover of
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The film was given Code approval in two dimension but not in three dimension due to a kissing scene. Eventually approval was given.
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said it was "a clumsy try at an African adventure film, photographed in very poor color in what appear to be the California hills".
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THOMAS M. PRYOR (Dec 7, 1952). "HOLLYWOOD SURVEY: R.K.O. Victory in Screen Credits Case Poser for Creative Artists -- Addenda".
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The film premiered under the banner of "Arch Oboler Productions" on Wednesday, November 26, 1952, with a twin engagement at the
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THOMAS M. PRYOR (6 July 1952). "HOLLYWOOD SURVEY: Arch Oboler's Africa and Natural Vision -- 'Ivanhoe' Source -- Politics".
409:, in which many workers building the Uganda Railway were killed by lions. These incidents were also the basis for the book
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in the United States and Canada in 1953. United Artists ultimately ended up recording a loss of $ 200,000 on the film.
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Richard Dyer MacCann (Aug 5, 1952). "Polaroid Spectacles Required For Feature Picture in Color: Hollywood Letter".
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780:, New York. Another of the photos was used as a symbol of alienation under capitalism, for the American cover of
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1023:
Schallert, Edwin (July 4, 1952). "Drama: Coogan Changing Type in Mad Scientist Role; Debbie Star Part Looms".
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817:(as of October 2020). KINO LORBER released it on Blu-ray as 2D, 3-D and Anaglyphic 3-D on July 30, 2024.
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644:. The courts decided in Oboler's favor, as Alperson's claim was unsubstantiated and "under the table".
421:
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Schallert, Edwin (Nov 25, 1952). "Natural Vision Plan Aimed at Hayworth; Film Refused Code Approval".
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The advertising tagline was: "The Miracle of the Age!!! A LION in your lap! A LOVER in your arms!"
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549:. There is now a hiking trail in the area named "The Bwana Trail" to denote the locations used in
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553:. Authentic African footage shot by Arch Oboler in 1948 (in 2D) was incorporated into the film.
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Oboler said he had overheard Joseph Biroc and the camera crew talking about 3D while filming
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and filmed with the Natural Vision 3D system. The film is notable for sparking the first
1353:
J. R. Eyerman's iconic photo of a bespectacled 3D audience at the Hollywood premiere of
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The film was never released on VHS and has not been released on DVD but is available on
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865:"NEW OBOLER FILM TO OPEN TUESDAY; '1 Plus 1' Is the Writer's First Movie in Nine Years"
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in June 1952. (Oboler already announced he would make a second film in the format,
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radio show. Oboler was impressed enough to option it for his next film project.
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and his brother Julian thought they had a solution with their Natural Vision
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Johnson, Lawrence A. (October 17, 2002). "S. Pink, Made Low-Budget Films".
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Tiburón ¡Vas a necesitar un barco más grande! El filme que cambió Hollywood
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Hopper, Hedda (Sep 9, 1952). "Eleanor Parker to Be Star for Her Husband".
993:
HEDDA HOPPER (Apr 16, 1952). "Phyllis Thaxter Will Play Wife of Cooper".
772:, a book published in conjunction with an exhibition of photographs from
613:, was screened preceding the film. Long thought lost, the short rejoined
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Oboler announced the project in March 1952. He said it would be called
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in downtown Los Angeles. It opened to the public the following day.
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The other major studios reacted by releasing their own 3D films.
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The plot was based on a well-known historical event, that of the
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in the early 20th century. Thousands of workers are building the
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A. H. WELLER (Mar 23, 1952). "NOTED ON THE LOCAL SCREEN SCENE".
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Alpert, Hollis (March 14, 1953). "The Movies: The Big Switch".
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Natural Vision announced they would make 12 follow up films.
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film was used, instead of the more expensive and cumbersome
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United Artists: The Company That Changed the Film Industry
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on September 13, 2006, in two strip polarized 3D at the
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Dismantling the Spectacle: The cinema of Guy Debord
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Bwana Devil played at the Second World 3D Film Expo
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683:In 1989, Pink spoke fondly of the opening week of
564:Lloyd Nolan appeared in a prologue for the film.
465:and had no interest in another new process. Both
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1713:
1276:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
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764:took a series of photos of the audience wearing
1250:"Immersive Technology Debuts, in the Movie Ads"
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543:Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area
1258:. Archived from the original on April 15, 2018
534:The film was shot in the San Fernando Valley.
415:(1907), the story of the events as written by
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940:Festival Internacional de Cinema de Catalunya
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457:process. They shopped it around Hollywood.
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1191:. University of Wisconsin Press. p.
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651:optioned the Natural Vision process for
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1248:Dunlap, David W. (November 12, 2015).
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485:, producer and writer of the popular
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461:was focusing on the introduction of
1304:. December 31, 1951. Archived from
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907:Harrison's Reports and Film Reviews
778:International Center of Photography
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260:written, directed, and produced by
13:
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770:Life, The Second Decade, 1946–1955
280:is based on the true story of the
14:
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476:Only John Arnold, who headed the
1802:English-language adventure films
1782:Films produced by Sidney W. Pink
1563:Pyro... The Thing Without a Face
915:. December 6, 1952. p. 195.
737:The audience at the premiere of
1752:Films set in the British Empire
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1222:. January 13, 1954. p. 10.
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380:Bhogwan Singh as Indian Headman
1104:. 6 November 1952. p. A9.
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894:. December 3, 1952. p. 6.
877:
498:and Oboler became interested.
437:Natural Vision 3D Film Process
389:Bal Seirgakar as Indian hunter
356:Hope Miller as Portuguese girl
1:
1792:Fiction about Indian diaspora
1742:Films directed by Arch Oboler
1651:The Vengeance of Pancho Villa
1547:Journey to the Seventh Planet
1135:"'BWANA DEVIL' SETS RECORD".
1098:"'Bwana Devil' to Premiere".
965:The Christian Science Monitor
932:(October 2005). "Apéndices".
821:
520:were the first stars signed.
501:
1737:1950s English-language films
1419:AFI Catalog of Feature Films
845:AFI Catalog of Feature Films
787:The Society of the Spectacle
7:
1139:. Dec 4, 1952. p. B10.
1012:. 24 June 1952. p. A7.
605:, a short film produced by
577:Hollywood Paramount Theatre
190:November 26, 1952
10:
1818:
1302:Penske Business Media, LLC
1235:South Florida Sun-Sentinel
690:
570:
422:The Ghost and the Darkness
392:Kalu K. Sonkar as Karparim
386:Bhupesh Guha as the dancer
353:Paul McVey as commissioner
1691:A Candidate for a Killing
1627:The Fickle Finger of Fate
1603:The Fickle Finger of Fate
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603:M.L. Gunzburg presents 3D
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34:Theatrical release poster
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1732:American adventure films
1381:Eyerman original version
1216:"Top Grossers of 1953".
545:, sat in for an African
417:Lt. Col. J. H. Patterson
395:Miles Clark Jr as Mukosi
16:1952 film by Arch Oboler
1683:The Emerald of Artatama
1619:A Witch Without a Broom
1507:I Was a Burlesque Queen
412:The Man-eaters of Tsavo
322:
294:
157:Arch Oboler Productions
1611:The Treasure of Makuba
1531:The Greeneyed Elephant
1344:Getty Images # 2905087
760:magazine photographer
752:
617:for screenings at the
362:as Sir William Drayton
1699:The Man from O.R.G.Y.
1571:Finger on the Trigger
1292:"Review: Bwana Devil"
736:
635:bought the rights to
541:, now located in The
1787:1950s American films
1772:United Artists films
1727:1952 adventure films
1595:Seven Vengeful Women
1523:The Angry Red Planet
1383:later used by Debord
1183:Balio, Tino (1987).
1008:"MOVIELAND BRIEFS".
886:Variety Film Reviews
863:(November 4, 1961).
667:Commercial reception
449:Former screenwriter
314:Britain sends three
1767:Films about hunters
1308:on November 5, 2015
720:The Saturday Review
696:Bosley Crowther of
531:with Lisa Howard.)
478:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
401:Historic background
344:as Dr. Angus McLean
301:British East Africa
299:The film is set in
253:is a 1952 American
1747:Films set in Kenya
1667:Madigan's Millions
1515:Flame Over Vietnam
1477:Films produced by
1349:2011-08-07 at the
1255:The New York Times
1167:The New York Times
1152:The New York Times
1085:The New York Times
1040:The New York Times
980:The New York Times
912:Harrison's Reports
870:The New York Times
753:
741:, photographed by
729:In popular culture
699:The New York Times
673:theatrical rentals
663:on April 8, 1953.
621:in 2003 and 2006.
350:as Major Parkhurst
1762:Films about lions
1757:Films set in 1898
1709:
1708:
1643:Operation Delilah
1635:The Christmas Kid
1587:The Drums of Tabu
1137:Los Angeles Times
1118:"'Bwana' Boffo".
1101:Los Angeles Times
1070:Los Angeles Times
1055:Los Angeles Times
1025:Los Angeles Times
1010:Los Angeles Times
995:Los Angeles Times
810:in Hollywood, Ca.
581:Paramount Theatre
529:Spear in the Sand
508:The Lions of Gulu
246:
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115:William D. Snyder
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1797:Tsavo Man-Eaters
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861:Thompson, Howard
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808:Egyptian Theater
679:Public reception
619:Egyptian Theater
459:20th Century Fox
338:as Alice Hayward
316:big-game hunters
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154:Gulu Productions
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942:. p. 114.
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451:Milton Gunzburg
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427:Michael Douglas
407:Tsavo maneaters
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377:Edward C. Short
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1121:Daily Variety
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815:Amazon Video
798:Availability
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425:(1996) with
420:
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368:as Ballinger
330:Robert Stack
313:
298:
290:
277:
266:Robert Stack
249:
248:
247:
206:Running time
183:Release date
127:John Hoffman
85:Robert Stack
1675:1001 Nights
1491:Bwana Devil
1437:Bwana Devil
1426:Bwana Devil
1413:Bwana Devil
1355:Bwana Devil
930:Sala, Ángel
839:Bwana Devil
739:Bwana Devil
685:Bwana Devil
637:Bwana Devil
615:Bwana Devil
559:Technicolor
555:Ansco Color
551:Bwana Devil
525:Bwana Devil
518:Hope Miller
514:Howard Duff
483:Arch Oboler
463:CinemaScope
348:Ramsay Hill
342:Nigel Bruce
278:Bwana Devil
274:Nigel Bruce
262:Arch Oboler
250:Bwana Devil
242:$ 5 million
95:Nigel Bruce
65:Arch Oboler
59:Produced by
54:Arch Oboler
45:Arch Oboler
41:Directed by
22:Bwana Devil
1722:1952 films
1716:Categories
1579:La Llamada
1539:Reptilicus
1499:The Twonky
822:References
782:Guy Debord
766:3D glasses
711:advances."
502:Production
496:The Twonky
488:Lights Out
431:Val Kilmer
372:Pat Aherne
239:Box office
210:79 minutes
194:1952-11-26
144:Production
51:Written by
1312:April 15,
1272:cite news
1262:March 15,
561:process.
471:Paramount
374:as Latham
255:adventure
234:$ 323,000
146:companies
123:Edited by
1442:AllMovie
1347:Archived
784:'s book
751:magazine
592:anaglyph
588:Polaroid
579:and the
467:Columbia
443:Cinerama
223:Language
133:Music by
78:Starring
1416:at the
1297:Variety
1219:Variety
891:Variety
842:at the
707:Variety
691:Reviews
571:Release
547:savanna
455:3D film
286:3D film
258:B movie
226:English
215:Country
192: (
1702:(1970)
1694:(1969)
1686:(1969)
1678:(1968)
1670:(1968)
1662:(1967)
1654:(1967)
1646:(1967)
1638:(1967)
1630:(1967)
1622:(1967)
1614:(1967)
1606:(1967)
1598:(1966)
1590:(1966)
1582:(1965)
1574:(1965)
1566:(1964)
1558:(1963)
1550:(1962)
1542:(1961)
1534:(1960)
1526:(1959)
1518:(1957)
1510:(1953)
1502:(1953)
1494:(1952)
1199:
946:
272:, and
231:Budget
309:lions
1431:IMDb
1314:2018
1278:link
1264:2018
1197:ISBN
944:ISBN
792:Life
774:Life
757:Life
748:Life
745:for
537:The
516:and
469:and
429:and
323:Cast
295:Plot
1440:at
1429:at
909:".
888:".
717:of
642:USD
1718::
1394:,
1300:.
1294:.
1274:}}
1270:{{
1252:.
1195:.
1193:51
1175:^
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921:^
867:.
852:^
830:^
433:.
276:.
268:,
1470:e
1463:t
1456:v
1398:.
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1316:.
1280:)
1266:.
1205:.
952:.
905:"
884:"
196:)
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