319:
motive was profit through interest on deposits. Thus permanent building societies quickly became mortgage banks and in such institutions there always existed a conflict of interest between borrowers and savers. It was the task of the movement to reconcile that conflict of interest so as to enable savers to conclude that their interests and those of borrowers were to some extent complementary rather than conflictive. Conflict of interest between savers and borrowers was never fully reconciled in the building societies but upon deregulation that reconciliation became something of a lost cause. The management of building societies apparently could expend considerable time and resources (which belonged the organisation) planning their effective capture—of as much of the assets as they could. If so, this is arguably insider dealing on a grand scale with the benefit of inside specialist knowledge of the business and resources of the firm not shared with outsiders like politicians and members (and, perhaps, regulators). Once the opportunity to claim was presented by management the savers in particular could be relied upon to seize it. There were sufficient hard-up borrowers to take the inducement offered them by management (in spite of few simple sums sufficing to demonstrate that they were probably going to end up effectively paying back the inducement). (
424:(FSCS), but Nationwide and Yorkshire building societies negotiated a temporary change to the terms of the FSCS to protect members of the societies they acquired in late 2008/early 2009. The amended terms allowed former members of multiple societies which merge into one to maintain multiple entitlements to FSCS protection until 30 September 2009 (later extended to 30 December 2010), so (for example) a member with £50,000 in each of Nationwide, Cheshire and Derbyshire at the time of the respective mergers would retain £150,000 of FSCS protection for their funds in the merged Nationwide. On 31 December 2010 the general FSCS limit for retail deposits was increased to £85,000 for banks and building societies and the transitional arrangements in respect of building society mergers came to an end.
257:
335:" ... perks do not rise in proportion to bank size. If a mutual is large, or is expected to grow if it can raise capital by a conversion, its managers derive more value from a conversion but do not suffer much loss of perks than if the bank were small. Their benefit is in the right to purchase the new stock, which are valuable because the new issues are consistently underpriced . Moreover, by no means are all mutual managers incompetent, and conversions allows the bank to expand more easily and to grant executive stock options that are valuable to skilled managers".
33:
4092:
5418:
5599:
1848:
1816:
1784:
1752:
1720:
1688:
1656:
1624:
1592:
1560:
1528:
1496:
1464:
1432:
1400:
1367:
1335:
1303:
1270:
1238:
1206:
1174:
1141:
1108:
1076:
1044:
1012:
980:
947:
915:
883:
850:
784:
752:
717:
685:
652:
620:
588:
549:
71:, but rather than promoting thrift and offering unsecured and business loans, the purpose of a building society is to provide home mortgages to members. Borrowers and depositors are society members, setting policy and appointing directors on a one-member, one-vote basis. Building societies often provide other retail banking services, such as current accounts, credit cards and personal loans. The term "building society" first arose in the 19th century in
5429:
3362:, the terminating model was revived to fund returning servicemen's need for new houses. Hundreds were created with government seed capital, whereby the capital was returned to the government and the terminating societies retained the interest accumulated. Once all the seed funds were loaned, each terminating society could reapply for more seed capital to the point where they could re-lend their own funds and thus became a permanent society.
204:
817:
516:
3861:, building societies are registered with the Registrar of Building Societies under the Building Societies Act 1965. Registration as a building society is merely a process of establishing the entity as a corporation. It is largely a formality, and easily achieved, as the capital requirement is minimal (20 members must be issued shares of not less than NZ$ 1,000 each, for a total minimum foundation share capital of NZ$ 200,000).
310:
action brought by Abbey
National itself to circumvent the intent of the legislators. After this the legislation did prevent a cash distribution to members of less than two years standing, but the same result was obtained by permitting the issue of 'free' shares in the acquiring plc, saleable for cash. The Thatcher Conservative government declined to introduce amending legislation to make good the defect in the 'two-year rule'.
190:. There were three further mergers in each of 2009 and 2010, a demutualisation and a merger in 2011, and four further mergers 2013–2018 which resulted in there being only one building society headquartered respectively in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Since then, the only merger has been in 2023, when the Manchester society merged with the Newcastle society.
348:"... there was virtually no difference between banks and building society 'listed' interest rates for home finance mortgage lending between 1984 and 1997. This behaviour resulted in a return on assets for building societies which was at least as high as Plc banks and, in the absence of distribution, led to rapid accumulation of reserves".
3435:
Swaziland
Building Society: Registered in the 1960s, this is the first and oldest building society in Eswatini. It has branches in almost every town and city within the Kingdom and has been known to be conservative. There have been many rumours of this institution wishing to demutualise to the extent
339:
Instead of deploying their margin advantage as a defence of mutuality, around 1980 building societies began setting mortgage rates with reference to market clearing levels. In sum they began behaving more like banks, seeking to maximise profit instead of the advantages of a mutual organisation. Thus,
2237:
The following is an incomplete list of building societies in the United
Kingdom that no longer exist independently, since they either merged with or were taken over by other organisations. They may still have an active presence on the high street (or online) as a trading name or as a distinct brand.
292:
The process began with the demutualisation of the Abbey
National Building Society in 1989. Then, from 1995 to late 1999, eight societies demutualised accounting for two-thirds of building societies assets as at 1994. Five of these societies became joint stock banks (plc), one merged with another and
3883:. The Reserve Bank cautions on its website that it does not monitor transactions undertaken by New Zealand registered building societies operating in overseas markets. The Department of Internal Affairs is ultimately responsible for all entities that do not expressly fall into other categories for
318:
Building societies, like mutual life insurers, arose as people clubbed together to address a common need interest; in the case of the building societies, this was housing and members were originally both savers and borrowers. But it very quickly became clear that 'outsider' savers were needed whose
309:
contained an anti-carpetbagger provision in the form of a two-year rule. This prescribed a qualifying period of two years before savers could participate in a residual claim. But, before the 1989 Abbey
National Building Society demutualisation, the courts found against the two-year rule after legal
3874:
monitors compliance with the prudential regulations, but does not prudentially supervise individual building societies for financial soundness. Most such building societies are supervised for compliance with the terms of their debt securities by trustees appointed under securities legislation, and
326:
Management promoting demutualisation also thereby met managerial objectives because the end of mutuality brought joint stock company (plc) style remuneration committee pay standards and share options. Share options for management of converting societies appear to be a powerful factor in management
384:
he paradox of the Abbey members who campaigned against flotation of their building society. They were fighting to preserve a degree of accountability to the membership which the management of the
Society patently did not feel. For incumbent management, the contrary views of some of their members
371:
By adopting a policy of building up reserves by maintaining an excess margin, building societies simultaneously allowed banks to compete and may have undermined the long run viability of mutuality. A more cynical approach is that some societies may have adopted an excess-margin strategy simply to
4079:
More recently, building societies have tended to obtain sort-code and account number allocations within the clearing system, and hence the use of roll numbers has diminished. When using BACS, one needs to enter roll numbers for the reference field and the building society's generic sort code and
3365:
Terminating loans were still available and used inside the permanent businesses by staff up until the 1980s because their existence was not widely known after the early 1960s. Because of strict regulations on banks, building societies flourished until the deregulation of the
Australian financial
389:
In the end, after a number of large demutualisations, and pressure from carpetbaggers moving from one building society to another to cream off the windfalls, most of the societies whose management wished to keep them mutual modified their rules of membership in the late 1990s. The method usually
174:
In their heyday, there were hundreds of building societies: just about every town in the country had a building society named after that town. Over succeeding decades the number of societies has decreased, as various societies merged to form larger ones, often renaming in the process, and other
3869:
Building societies that accept deposits from members of the public in New
Zealand are regulated as "non-bank deposit takers" under the Non-bank Deposit Takers Act 2013. Such building societies must (unless they qualify for a particular exemption) comply with the prudential regulations. The
300:
mentions, demutualisation moves succeeded immediately because neither
Conservative nor Labour party UK governments created a framework which put obstacles in the way of demutualisation. Political acquiescence in demutualisation was clearest in the case of the position on
3453:
had around 40 building societies at the mid-20th century peak. Many of these were very small and, as the Irish commercial banks began to originate residential mortgages, the small building societies ceased to be competitive. Most merged or dissolved or, in the case of
3878:
Building societies that accept deposits only from offshore customers are not regulated under the Non-bank
Deposit Takers Act 2013 or New Zealand's financial markets legislation. Consequently, they are not prudentially monitored by the Reserve Bank or by the
390:
adopted were membership rules to ensure that anyone newly joining a society would, for the first few years, be unable to get any profit out of a demutualisation. With the chance of a quick profit removed, the wave of demutualisations came to an end in 2000.
186:. At the start of 2008, there were 59 building societies in the UK, with total assets exceeding £360 billion. The number of societies in the UK fell by four during 2008 due to a series of mergers brought about, to a large extent, by the consequences of the
1920:
between 1989 and 2000, either becoming a bank or being acquired by a larger bank. By 2008, every building society that floated on the stock market in the wave of demutualisations of the 1980s and 1990s had either been sold to a conventional bank, or been
3439:
Status Capital Building Society: Status Capital Building Society was registered as the country's second building society and granted a licence in 2019 by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority after approval and recommendation from the Minister of
102:– a town which was undergoing rapid economic and physical expansion driven by a multiplicity of small metalworking firms, whose many highly skilled and prosperous owners readily invested in property. Many of the early building societies were based in
148:
3967:(CABS) is the leading building society offering a diverse range of financial products and services that include transaction and savings accounts, mobile banking, mortgage loans, money market investments, term deposits and pay-roll loans.
272:
In the 1980s, changes to British banking laws allowed building societies to offer banking services equivalent to normal banks. The management of a number of societies still felt that they were unable to compete with the banks, and a new
86:, and regulations permit up to half of their lending to be funded by debt to non-members, allowing societies to access wholesale bond and money markets to fund mortgages. The world's largest building society is Britain's
397:) found that demutualised societies' pricing behaviour on deposits and mortgages was more favourable to shareholders than to customers, with the remaining mutual building societies offering consistently better rates.
5635:
3910:, became banks in the 1980s and 1990s. Heartland Building Society (created in 2011 through a merger of Canterbury Building Society, Southern Cross Building Society, and two other financial institutions) became
2643:
3947:
merged with SBS Bank in October 2010, but with the Hastings Building Society brand continuing to operate as a building society under the name of HBS Bank. In November 2015, HBS Bank brand was discontinued.
2520:
2391:
3864:
As regards prudential supervision, a divide exists between building societies that operate in New Zealand, on the one hand, and those that (although formally registered in New Zealand) operate offshore:
385:
were not matters to be weighed in the balance and taken account of in formulation of policy. They were a nuisance to be dealt with by the costly use of public relations advisers and legal processes.
285:
like any other. Members' mutual rights were exchanged for shares in this new company. A number of the larger societies made such proposals to their members and all were accepted. Some listed on the
5680:
3431:
The Building Societies Act of 1962 allowed for the registration of building societies in Eswatini. For a long time the country only had one building society. A second was registered in late 2019.
2502:
2368:
2327:
2792:
2322:
406:
5650:
2828:
110:, which had become the focus for a network of clubs and societies for co-operation and the exchange of ideas among Birmingham's highly active citizenry as part of the movement known as the
4906:
2373:
179:
followed by – in the great majority of cases – eventual takeover by a listed bank. Most of the existing larger building societies are the result of the mergers of many smaller societies.
5655:
2460:
67:. They exist in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand, and formerly in Ireland and several Commonwealth countries, including South Africa as mutual banks. They are similar to
122:
inn, in 1775. Members of Ketley's society paid a monthly subscription to a central pool of funds which was used to finance the building of houses for members, which in turn acted as
5665:
5615:
2648:
2633:
5640:
2810:
2345:
305:', that is those who joined societies by lodging minimum amounts of £100 or so in the hope of profiting from a distribution of surplus after demutualisation. The deregulating
126:
to attract further funding to the society, enabling further construction. By 1781 three more societies had been established in Birmingham, with a fourth in the nearby town of
360:"... accumulation of reserves in the early-1990s, beyond regulatory and future growth requirements, is difficult to reconcile with conventional theories of mutual behaviour".
5630:
2846:
2442:
2258:
160:
5685:
4533:
2525:
2484:
2335:
4932:
2479:
2263:
4566:
2864:
2597:
2358:
2620:
5584:
3323:
4957:
409:, known as the Butterfill Act, was passed in 2007 giving building societies greater powers to merge with other companies. These powers have been used by the
2238:
This is typically because brands will often build up specific reputations and attract certain clientele, and this can continue to be marketed successfully.
3891:
Building societies' registration details and filed documents are available in the Register of Building Societies held at the New Zealand Companies Office.
4725:
3400:
A particular difference between Australian building societies and those elsewhere, is that Australian building societies are required to incorporate as
5466:
5422:
4354:
Peterson, Christopher L. (October 1991). "Truth, Understanding, and High-Cost Consumer Credit: The Historical Context of the Truth in Lending Act".
5160:
4750:
4910:
5718:
3436:
that an amendment to the Building Societies Act was passed in 2019 permitting building societies to demutualise and apply for banking licences.
420:
Prior to 31 December 2010, deposits with building societies of up to £50,000 per individual, per institution, were normally protected by the
4808:
4501:
3941:, which in October 2008 became a registered bank known as SBS Bank. However, it remains a building society and retains its mutual structure.
2151:
in January 2012, with remaining riskier mortgage business retained by the government and renamed NRAM plc (now Landmark Mortgages Limited).
5577:
4826:
2728:
4136:
2176:. Woolwich brand name now only used for mortgages from Barclays with the Woolwich branch network merging with that of Barclays in 2007.
5009:
4863:
2556:
2510:
3884:
3880:
3173:
2450:
2009:
2492:
4627:
4445:
4310:
5570:
4782:
3304:
2774:
2304:
155:, where the society continued on a rolling basis, continually taking in new members as earlier ones completed purchases, such as
82:
In the United Kingdom, building societies compete with banks for most consumer banking services, especially mortgage lending and
5459:
3339:
2872:
2674:
2294:
1636:
421:
4273:
3291:
2533:
90:. In Australia, building societies also compete with retail banks and offer the full range of banking services to consumers.
4559:
5388:
3136:
2782:
1347:
1120:
376:
Some of these managements ended up in dispute with their own members. Of the first major conversion of the Abbey in 1989,
5787:
5268:
5153:
3366:
industry in the 1980s. Eventually many of the smaller building societies disappeared, while some of the largest (such as
2602:
2419:
2286:
5711:
5313:
5293:
4961:
4604:
2581:
2414:
2281:
1250:
827:
17:
5549:
5544:
5452:
5368:
4851:
4413:
4380:
4338:
4194:
4170:
3559:
3503:
3467:
3463:
3319:
2720:
2144:
1732:
243:
221:
3480:
were Irish branches of building societies based in the United Kingdom; both have since ceased all Irish operations.
5797:
5258:
5208:
4881:
4283:
2756:
2140:
1604:
1444:
5670:
5105:
4933:"Non-bank Deposit Takers Act 2013 No 104 (as at 01 December 2014), Public Act Contents – New Zealand Legislation"
3833:, three building societies compete with commercial banks and credit unions for most consumer financial services:
2684:
2396:
2271:
2084:
4537:
5489:
5398:
5308:
5213:
5180:
5146:
4714:
4449:
4022:(LBS) and 12 private Bausparkassen, for example Schwäbisch Hall, Wüstenrot, Deutsche Bank Bauspar AG and so on.
3903:
3473:
3227:
3154:
2882:
959:
697:
443:
414:
225:
187:
183:
4983:
5704:
5343:
5283:
5243:
5185:
4105:
3294:, a requirement which was dropped with the merger and name-change – to the reported dismay of some members. .
2548:
2189:
2092:
1796:
1379:
664:
3466:, demutualised and were transferred or acquired into Bank subsidiaries in 2011 following the effects of the
5756:
5348:
5278:
5039:
Llewellyn, D.; Holmes, M. (1991). "In Defence of Mutuality: A Redress to an Emerging Conventional Wisdom".
4882:"Building Societies Act 1965 No 22 (as at 01 December 2014), Public Act Contents – New Zealand Legislation"
4029:
3235:
3062:
3044:
2738:
1024:
862:
115:
293:
the other four were taken over by plcs (in two cases after the mutual had previously converted to a plc).
5833:
5802:
5610:
5333:
5318:
5303:
5233:
5228:
4115:
4001:
3871:
3263:
3245:
3217:
3072:
2998:
2990:
2980:
2962:
2918:
2854:
2836:
2585:
2571:
2350:
2312:
1218:
1088:
796:
764:
737:
493:
306:
274:
87:
4266:
Industrial Enlightenment: Science, technology and culture in Birmingham and the West Midlands, 1760–1820
5782:
5675:
5625:
5403:
5328:
5288:
5263:
5138:
4675:
3938:
3271:
3181:
3108:
3082:
3016:
2944:
2936:
2818:
2800:
2692:
2404:
2381:
2080:
1895:
These societies do not form part of a corporate business group, although they may own other businesses.
1668:
1476:
895:
729:
561:
442:
As of February 2024, there are 42 independent building societies, all of which are members of the
410:
4757:
5645:
5620:
5383:
5358:
5223:
5203:
3944:
3419:
3209:
3199:
3144:
3026:
3008:
2972:
2702:
2610:
2469:
2427:
2001:
1980:
1764:
1540:
1282:
528:
302:
5378:
5373:
5363:
5353:
5338:
5323:
5298:
5253:
5248:
5218:
3253:
3191:
3126:
3118:
3100:
3052:
3034:
2954:
2908:
2900:
2890:
2764:
2746:
2656:
2625:
2543:
2437:
1828:
1700:
1412:
1186:
1153:
1056:
992:
927:
600:
569:
72:
256:
5660:
5494:
5393:
5238:
4812:
4508:
4015:
4005:
3933:
3907:
3477:
2666:
2566:
2034:
1508:
1315:
835:
214:
5444:
2079:
Became a division of Bank of Ireland but its savings balances and branch network transferred to
5807:
5273:
4830:
3987:
2926:
1988:
1954:
632:
111:
4370:
4180:
4004:, a permanent building society, was founded in 1860. Since 2002 mortgage loans are handled by
5198:
3090:
2206:
1572:
286:
156:
48:
5013:
5792:
2198:
2181:
2110:
151:, was wound up in March 1980. In the 1830s and 1840s a new development took place with the
123:
8:
5751:
5727:
5562:
4110:
4043:
3450:
281:'. If more than 75% of members voted in favour, the building society would then become a
143:
76:
56:
52:
4867:
5812:
5772:
5537:
5086:
5052:
4624:
4453:
4314:
4246:
4061:
3606:
3397:
in 2016. Building societies converting to banks are no longer required to demutualise.
3303:
Merger of Skipton Building Society and Scarborough Building Society, 29 November 2008.
2130:
501:
60:
4786:
4700:
5428:
4419:
4409:
4376:
4334:
4269:
4238:
4190:
4166:
3401:
2710:
4701:"LANDMARK MORTGAGES LIMITED overview - Find and update company information - GOV.UK"
5777:
5127:
5082:
5048:
4230:
3554:
3358:
In Australia, building societies evolved along British lines. Following the end of
3290:
The Temperance Permanent was so-called because the directors were required to sign
2063:
164:
131:
4648:
5520:
5504:
4631:
4403:
4184:
3975:
In other countries there are mutual organisations similar to building societies:
3707:
3343:
3327:
3308:
3163:
2219:
2148:
2126:
2071:
2051:
1968:
1922:
1917:
282:
278:
265:
176:
83:
5103:
Llewellyn, D. (1996). "Some Reflections on the Mutuality v. Conversion Debate".
3675:
Irish Civil Service and General (Permanent Benefit) Building Society (1867–1874)
147:, where they would be dissolved when all members had a house: the last of them,
130:; and 19 more formed in Birmingham between 1782 and 1795. The first outside the
5433:
3911:
3371:
2201:. The brand name is still retained, but running entirely by post and internet.
277:
was passed in 1986 in response to their concerns. This permitted societies to '
261:
32:
5827:
5527:
4242:
3664:
3545:
3378:
2118:
64:
5131:
4423:
4372:
British Clubs and Societies 1580–1800: The Origins of an Associational World
3458:, converted into conventional banks. The last remaining building societies,
5746:
5512:
4097:
4033:
3990:, Bausparkasse Wüstenrot AG and Bausparkasse der Sparkassen (savings bank).
3770:
3455:
3394:
3386:
3367:
3359:
3320:
Britannia and Co-operative Financial Services unveil plans for super-mutual
2223:
2156:
2055:
2042:
2026:
2017:
1972:
1959:
1948:
68:
4507:. City of London: Faculty of Finance, CASS Business School. Archived from
4687:
3858:
3777:
107:
5168:
3927:
Kiwi Deposit Building Society (in the process of dissolution since 2013)
5532:
4250:
4218:
3875:
those trustees have various reporting requirements to the Reserve Bank.
3602:
3459:
1997:
228: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
168:
99:
5696:
5598:
1847:
1815:
1783:
1751:
1719:
1687:
1655:
1623:
1591:
1559:
1527:
1495:
1463:
1431:
1399:
1366:
1334:
1302:
1269:
1237:
1205:
1173:
1140:
1107:
1075:
1043:
1011:
979:
946:
914:
882:
849:
783:
751:
716:
684:
651:
619:
587:
548:
407:
Building Societies (Funding) and Mutual Societies (Transfers) Act 2007
4907:"Incorporation information | Companies Office the Official Site"
4653:
4069:
3382:
4234:
203:
4987:
4502:"The Effect of UK Building Society Conversion on Pricing Behaviour"
3960:
3412:
3390:
2173:
2164:
2000:, although C&G still had a branch network which became part of
5118:
Tayler, G. (2003). "UK Building Society Demutualisation Motives".
5094:
Boxall, A.; Gallagher, N. (1997). "Mutuality at the Cross Roads".
4060:
Because most building societies were not direct members of the UK
3986:
there are four co-operative banks: Allgemeine Bausparkasse (ABV),
816:
515:
159:. The main legislative framework for the building society was the
5474:
3997:
3983:
3899:
Over the years, a number of building societies were established.
3830:
37:
4634:
Building Societies Association website . Retrieved 5 April 2007.
3921:
Pacific Eagle Capital (formerly General Equity Building Society)
2087:). Bristol & West mortgages ceased trading in January 2009.
167:
c. 42), with subsequent amending legislation in 1894, 1939 (see
98:
Building societies as an institution began in late-18th century
127:
103:
4986:. Kiwi Deposit Building Society. 18 April 2013. Archived from
4715:"Mergers and Name Changes: extract from BSA Yearbook 2013/14"
4080:
account number would be entered in the standard BACS fields.
3677:
Irish Civil Service (Permanent) Building Society (1874–1969)
3672:
Irish Civil Services and General Building Society (1864–1867)
135:
149:
First Salisbury and District Perfect Thrift Building Society
4073:
3970:
3393:
followed suit in 2015, and Greater Building Society became
2106:
5592:
4592:(data from last available annual reports as of March 2023)
4181:"Commerce and Creativity in Eighteenth-Century Birmingham"
2054:, which also owns Abbey, in October 2008, and merged into
4068:
to identify accounts rather than to allocate a six-digit
289:, while others were acquired by larger financial groups.
4560:"Building Societies Association Factsheet February 2024"
4478:
3684:
City and County Permanent Benefit Building Society, 1932
4676:
After 158 years, the end is nigh for Bristol & West
4268:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 65.
3381:
which converted from building society to bank in 2011,
5060:
Rasmusen, E. (1988). "Mutual banks and stock banks".
4050:
3497:
Irish Industrial Benefit Building Society (1873–1969)
1967:
The new bank, also known as "Abbey", was acquired by
5170:
Independent building societies in the United Kingdom
4783:"Background . Vision . Mission . Board of Directors"
4087:
3616:
Irish Permanent Benefit Building Society (1888–1940)
182:
All building societies in the UK are members of the
3613:
Irish Temperance Permanent Building Society (−1888)
367:draws a rather more direct and cynical conclusion:
114:. The first building society to be established was
4186:Markets and Manufacture in Early Industrial Europe
1904:If customer resides within their "operating area".
118:, founded by Richard Ketley, the landlord of the
5825:
4669:
4375:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 129,
4313:. Building Societies Association. Archived from
3894:
3385:in 2014, while Wide Bay Building Society became
93:
5636:International Building & Investment Society
5093:
5038:
4219:"The Evolution of the British Building Society"
3756:Postal Service Permanent Building Society, 1985
353:
341:
5073:Kay, J. (1991). "The Economics of Mutuality".
2644:Regency & West of England Building Society
5712:
5578:
5476:Building societies in the Republic of Ireland
5460:
5154:
4681:
3744:The Guinness Permanent Building Society, 1984
3725:Workingman's Benefit Building Society (−1960)
3640:Munster & Leinster Building Society, 1978
3500:Irish Industrial Building Society (1969–1975)
3338:Chesham Building Society AGM, 31 March 2010.
1916:Ten building societies of the United Kingdom
427:
4646:
4014:In Germany there are 8 Bausparkassen of the
2729:Cheltenham & Gloucester Building Society
2521:Birmingham & Bridgwater Building Society
2392:Huddersfield & Bradford Building Society
4473:
4471:
2557:Norwich & Peterborough Building Society
5719:
5705:
5585:
5571:
5467:
5453:
5161:
5147:
5075:Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics
5041:Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics
4829:. Irish Banking Federation. Archived from
4642:
4640:
4036:, have a similar organisation and purpose.
3814:National Provincial Building Society, 1977
3796:City and Provincial Building Society, 1978
3738:Grafton Savings and Building Society, 1974
3588:Midland and Western Building Society, 1994
2511:Cheltenham and Gloucester Building Society
2451:National & Provincial Building Society
417:in 2011 leading to their demutualisation.
141:Most of the original societies were fully
36:A high street building society branch, in
5102:
4625:Building Society Takeovers and Flotations
4590:Total group assets of building societies
4499:
4008:, the licensed bank owned by the society.
3568:Educational Building Society (1935−1991)
3313:
3174:Norwich and Peterborough Building Society
2493:Alliance & Leicester Building Society
2025:Business merged into Abbey National (now
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
394:
364:
244:Learn how and when to remove this message
5059:
4468:
4353:
4328:
4160:
4134:
4064:system, it was common for them to use a
3971:Similar organisations in other countries
3698:O'Connell Benefit Building Society, 1983
3657:Permanent TSB Group Holdings plc (1999–)
2775:City & Metropolitan Building Society
2222:with sale of savings book to Abbey (now
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
328:
255:
31:
5726:
5681:The Napier Building Society (Permanent)
4637:
3411:Bass & Equitable Building Society (
3332:
3297:
3284:
2873:Bradford & Bingley Building Society
2675:Bradford & Bingley Building Society
2305:Co-operative Permanent Building Society
2295:Bradford & Bingley Building Society
1637:Chorley & District Building Society
472:
467:
464:
461:
331:refers to this in the following terms:
14:
5826:
5117:
5012:. Experianpayments.com. Archived from
4534:"Building Society Merger Compensation"
4408:. London: Elek Books. pp. 11–12.
4401:
4333:. London: Franey & Co. p. 2.
4165:. London: Franey & Co. p. 4.
4072:and eight-digit account number to the
3917:Remaining building societies include:
3820:West of Ireland Building Society, 1977
3750:Ireland Benefit Building Society, 1984
3377:More recent conversions have included
2369:Leek & Westbourne Building Society
2141:Nationalised following near bankruptcy
1898:
422:Financial Services Compensation Scheme
320:
297:
5700:
5566:
5448:
5142:
4984:"Notice of Instrument of Dissolution"
4958:"Clarification on Building Societies"
4572:from the original on 27 February 2024
4368:
4281:
4263:
3805:Four Provinces Building Society, 1978
3802:Dublin Savings Building Society, 1977
3137:Stroud & Swindon Building Society
2783:Stroud & Swindon Building Society
2534:Birmingham Midshires Building Society
2503:Waltham Abbey Building Society (1847)
2328:Leicester Temperance Building Society
2109:in 2001, which itself became part of
1860:
1348:Tipton & Coseley Building Society
1121:Hinckley & Rugby Building Society
4178:
3811:Irish Savings Building Society, 1984
3689:Irish Civil Service Building Society
3594:Norwich Irish Building Society, 1998
3520:Allied Irish Building Society(−1976)
3514:Irish Mutual Building Society, 1989
2793:Nottingham Imperial Building Society
2323:Leicester Permanent Building Society
2113:in 2009. Trading name still in use.
226:adding citations to reliable sources
197:
5788:International Co-operative Alliance
5651:Manawatu Permanent Building Society
5072:
4731:from the original on 9 October 2022
4446:"The History of Building Societies"
4311:"The History of Building Societies"
4308:
4216:
3930:Manawatu Permanent Building Society
3799:Dublin Model Building Society, 1984
3787:
3534:Metropolitan Building Society, 1991
2829:Ilkeston Permanent Building Society
2603:Woolwich Equitable Building Society
2420:Coventry Provident Building Society
2287:Bradford Equitable Building Society
2083:in 2005 (which in turn merged with
377:
372:enhance their value for conversion.
340:according to the Bank of England's
24:
5120:Business Ethics: A European Review
5087:10.1111/j.1467-8292.1991.tb01489.x
5053:10.1111/j.1467-8292.1991.tb01490.x
5032:
4827:"List of Building Society Changes"
4647:Pollock, Ian (29 September 2008).
4189:. London: Routledge. p. 194.
4051:Operational differences from banks
3817:Progressive Building Society, 1977
3808:Independent Building Society, 1977
3634:Cork Mutual Building Society, 1975
3418:Maitland Mutual Building Society (
2582:Nationwide Anglia Building Society
2415:Coventry Economic Building Society
2374:Oldbury Britannia Building Society
2282:Bingley Permanent Building Society
2232:
1846:
1814:
1782:
1750:
1718:
1686:
1654:
1622:
1590:
1558:
1526:
1494:
1462:
1430:
1398:
1365:
1333:
1301:
1268:
1251:Market Harborough Building Society
1236:
1204:
1172:
1139:
1106:
1074:
1042:
1010:
978:
945:
913:
881:
848:
828:National Counties Building Society
782:
750:
715:
683:
650:
618:
586:
547:
514:
400:
313:
193:
25:
5845:
5656:Manchester Unity Building Society
5550:Irish Bank Resolution Corporation
4852:Irish Bank Resolution Corporation
4809:"Status Capital Building Society"
4688:Northern Rock Company Information
4649:"Not such a good idea after all?"
4500:Heffernan, Shelagh (March 2003).
4284:"Brum's building society origins"
3837:Jamaica National Building Society
3762:Irish Life Building Society, 1993
3574:The Family Building Society, 1975
3560:Irish Bank Resolution Corporation
3504:Irish Nationwide Building Society
3464:Irish Nationwide Building Society
2721:Heart of England Building Society
2711:Bristol and West Building Society
2461:London Permanent Building Society
2147:. Most of the business bought by
1733:Stafford Railway Building Society
432:
5597:
5427:
5417:
5416:
4678:, the Guardian, 10. January 2009
4479:"Building Societies Association"
4282:Chinn, Carl (15 November 2008).
4090:
3840:Victoria Mutual Building Society
3793:Ballygall Building Society, 1977
3665:Permanent TSB Group Holdings plc
3628:Provident Building Society, 1974
3619:Irish Permanent Building Society
3546:Permanent TSB Group Holdings plc
3374:) attained the status of banks.
2757:Leeds Permanent Building Society
2132:Northern Rock (Asset Management)
1605:Buckinghamshire Building Society
1445:Hanley Economic Building Society
815:
202:
5798:List of cooperative federations
5671:Southern Cross Building Society
5666:Safe And Sound Building Society
5616:General Equity Building Society
5106:Journal of Co-operative Studies
5002:
4976:
4950:
4925:
4899:
4874:
4856:
4845:
4819:
4801:
4775:
4743:
4707:
4693:
4618:
4597:
4584:
4552:
4526:
4493:
4443:
4055:
3965:Central Africa Building Society
3843:Scotia Jamaica Building Society
3729:First National Building Society
3654:Irish Permanent plc (1994–1999)
3407:Current building societies are
2685:Haywards Heath Building Society
2649:Portman Wessex Building Society
2634:Portman Wessex Building Society
2397:West Yorkshire Building Society
2272:Abbey National Building Society
2085:Co-operative Financial Services
1911:
213:needs additional citations for
5490:Leeds Building Society Ireland
5181:Building Societies Association
4722:Building Societies Association
4450:Building Societies Association
4437:
4395:
4362:
4347:
4302:
4290:. Birmingham Post and Mail Ltd
4257:
4210:
4154:
4137:"MUTUAL BANKS ACT 124 OF 1993"
4128:
3847:
3474:Leeds Building Society Ireland
3228:City of Derry Building Society
3155:Kent Reliance Building Society
2883:Staffordshire Building Society
960:Monmouthshire Building Society
698:West Bromwich Building Society
444:Building Societies Association
184:Building Societies Association
13:
1:
5641:Kiwi Deposit Building Society
5186:Banking in the United Kingdom
4405:The Building Society Movement
4121:
4106:Banking in the United Kingdom
4030:savings and loan associations
3895:Individual building societies
3852:
2811:Gainsborough Building Society
2549:Peterborough Building Society
2346:Bedfordshire Building Society
2145:financial crisis of 2007–2008
2143:in February 2008, due to the
1797:Earl Shilton Building Society
1380:Loughborough Building Society
665:Principality Building Society
354:Boxall & Gallagher (1997)
342:Boxall & Gallagher (1997)
188:financial crisis of 2007–2008
94:History in the United Kingdom
27:Type of financial institution
5757:Savings and loan association
5475:
5062:Journal of Law and Economics
4309:Rex, Simon (20 April 2010).
3904:Countrywide Building Society
3528:Garda Building Society, 1983
3353:
3322:(Retrieved 22 January 2009)
3236:Progressive Building Society
3063:Dunfermline Building Society
3045:Scarborough Building Society
2739:St. Pancras Building Society
1025:Leek United Building Society
863:Progressive Building Society
7:
5803:List of worker cooperatives
5631:Heretaunga Building Society
5611:Canterbury Building Society
4612:Cumberland Building Society
4223:The Economic History Review
4217:Bab, Herbert J. G. (1938).
4083:
4002:Mortgage Society of Finland
3954:
3950:Wairarapa Building Society.
3924:Heretaunga Building Society
3881:Financial Markets Authority
3872:Reserve Bank of New Zealand
3426:
3264:Manchester Building Society
3246:Holmesdale Building Society
3218:Nottingham Building Society
3073:Nationwide Building Society
3067:most assets and liabilities
2999:Nationwide Building Society
2991:Derbyshire Building Society
2981:Nationwide Building Society
2963:Nationwide Building Society
2919:Mercantile Building Society
2855:Derbyshire Building Society
2847:Clay Cross Building Society
2837:Derbyshire Building Society
2586:Nationwide Building Society
2572:Nationwide Building Society
2443:Provincial Building Society
2351:Temperance Building Society
2313:Nationwide Building Society
2259:Abbey Road Building Society
1936:
1933:
1930:
1219:The Melton Building Society
1089:Darlington Building Society
797:Cumberland Building Society
765:Nottingham Building Society
738:Manchester Building Society
494:Nationwide Building Society
307:Building Societies Act 1986
161:Building Societies Act 1874
88:Nationwide Building Society
10:
5850:
5686:Wairarapa Building Society
5676:Southland Building Society
5626:Heartland Building Society
5096:Financial Stability Review
4690:– Retrieved 16 June 2012.
4331:The Building Society Story
4329:Ashworth, Herbert (1980).
4163:The Building Society Story
4161:Ashworth, Herbert (1980).
4141:South African Reserve Bank
3939:Southland Building Society
3824:
3646:Guinness & Mahon, 1994
3562:(July 2011–February 2013)
3444:
3272:Newcastle Building Society
3182:Yorkshire Building Society
3109:Yorkshire Building Society
3083:Britannia Building Society
3017:Yorkshire Building Society
2945:Newcastle Building Society
2937:Universal Building Society
2819:Yorkshire Building Society
2801:Newcastle Building Society
2693:Yorkshire Building Society
2526:Midshires Building Society
2485:Leicester Building Society
2405:Yorkshire Building Society
2382:Britannia Building Society
2336:Leicester Building Society
2081:Britannia Building Society
1669:Harpenden Building Society
1477:Mansfield Building Society
896:Cambridge Building Society
730:Newcastle Building Society
562:Yorkshire Building Society
437:
428:List of building societies
153:permanent building society
51:owned by its members as a
5765:
5734:
5646:Loan And Building Society
5621:Hastings Building Society
5606:
5503:
5482:
5412:
5194:
5176:
4630:27 September 2007 at the
4183:. In Berg, Maxine (ed.).
3945:Hastings Building Society
3780:2004 and retired in 2009
3557:(February 2011–June 2011)
3548:(February 2011–June 2011)
3210:Shepshed Building Society
3200:Scottish Building Society
3145:Coventry Building Society
3027:Catholic Building Society
3009:Barnsley Building Society
2973:Cheshire Building Society
2703:Cheshunt Building Society
2611:Woolwich Building Society
2578:which changed name to the
2480:Alliance Building Society
2470:Cheltenham and Gloucester
2428:Coventry Building Society
2264:National Building Society
2010:National & Provincial
1981:Cheltenham and Gloucester
1765:Beverley Building Society
1541:Teachers Building Society
1283:Scottish Building Society
529:Coventry Building Society
456:
453:
451:
264:was the first society to
116:Ketley's Building Society
63:, especially savings and
4864:"Bank of Jamaica | Home"
4751:"retrieved 12 July 2008"
4264:Jones, Peter M. (2009).
3254:Skipton Building Society
3192:Century Building Society
3127:Skipton Building Society
3119:Chesham Building Society
3101:Chelsea Building Society
3053:Skipton Building Society
3035:Chelsea Building Society
2955:Portman Building Society
2909:Portman Building Society
2901:Lambeth Building Society
2891:Portman Building Society
2865:Padiham Building Society
2765:Halifax Building Society
2747:Portman Building Society
2657:Portman Building Society
2626:Portman Building Society
2598:Gateway Building Society
2544:Norwich Building Society
2438:Burnley Building Society
2359:Gateway Building Society
2035:Alliance & Leicester
2029:), name no longer used.
1829:Penrith Building Society
1701:Ecology Building Society
1413:Swansea Building Society
1187:Marsden Building Society
1154:Suffolk Building Society
1057:Furness Building Society
993:Saffron Building Society
928:Newbury Building Society
601:Skipton Building Society
570:Chelsea Building Society
5783:Consumers' co-operative
5661:Nelson Building Society
5495:Nationwide UK (Ireland)
5132:10.1111/1467-8608.00340
4937:www.legislation.govt.nz
4886:www.legislation.govt.nz
4016:Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe
4006:Suomen AsuntoHypoPankki
3988:Raiffeisen-Bausparkasse
3934:Nelson Building Society
3908:United Building Society
3478:Nationwide UK (Ireland)
3346:, accessed 1 April 2010
3162:OneSavings Plc to form
2667:Hendon Building Society
2621:Wessex Building Society
2567:Anglia Building Society
1509:Vernon Building Society
1316:Dudley Building Society
836:Family Building Society
5808:Purchasing cooperative
4402:Cleary, E. J. (1965).
4028:In the United States,
3468:Irish financial crisis
2927:Leeds Building Society
2207:Bradford & Bingley
1851:
1819:
1787:
1755:
1723:
1691:
1659:
1627:
1595:
1563:
1531:
1499:
1467:
1435:
1403:
1370:
1338:
1306:
1273:
1241:
1209:
1177:
1144:
1111:
1079:
1047:
1015:
983:
950:
918:
886:
853:
787:
755:
720:
688:
655:
633:Leeds Building Society
623:
591:
552:
519:
387:
374:
362:
350:
337:
275:Building Societies Act
269:
112:Midlands Enlightenment
40:
4369:Clark, Peter (2002),
4179:Berg, Maxine (1991).
3914:on 17 December 2012.
3885:anti money laundering
3307:10 April 2009 at the
3091:The Co-operative Bank
1971:and now rebranded as
1850:
1818:
1786:
1754:
1722:
1690:
1658:
1626:
1594:
1573:Bath Building Society
1562:
1530:
1498:
1466:
1434:
1402:
1369:
1337:
1305:
1272:
1240:
1208:
1176:
1143:
1110:
1078:
1046:
1014:
982:
949:
917:
885:
852:
814:
786:
754:
719:
687:
654:
622:
590:
551:
518:
382:
369:
358:
346:
333:
287:London Stock Exchange
259:
157:Leek Building Society
49:financial institution
35:
5793:List of cooperatives
5389:Tipton & Coseley
4990:on 23 September 2013
4565:. 27 February 2024.
3716:ICS Building Society
3579:EBS Building Society
3460:EBS Building Society
3326:27 June 2009 at the
2199:Lloyds Banking Group
2182:Birmingham Midshires
2111:Lloyds Banking Group
462:Other trading names
393:One academic study (
222:improve this article
175:societies opted for
5752:Mutual savings bank
5728:Cooperative banking
5483:Former subsidiaries
4540:on 30 December 2008
4514:on 29 November 2007
4111:Mutual organisation
4044:Cooperative banking
4020:Landesbausparkassen
3451:Republic of Ireland
3342:30 May 2010 at the
2309:changed its name to
134:was established in
77:cooperative savings
53:mutual organization
5834:Building societies
5813:Worker cooperative
5773:Co-operative Party
5594:Building societies
5538:Allied Irish Banks
5269:Hinckley and Rugby
5016:on 4 December 2008
4913:on 13 October 2014
4763:on 9 November 2013
4605:"Current Accounts"
4356:Florida Law Review
3607:Allied Irish Banks
3507:(1975 – Feb 2011)
2630:merged to form the
2607:merged to form the
2553:merged to form the
2530:merged to form the
2489:merged to form the
2447:merged to form the
2424:merged to form the
2332:merged to form the
2291:merged to form the
2268:merged to form the
1852:
1820:
1788:
1756:
1724:
1692:
1660:
1628:
1596:
1564:
1532:
1500:
1468:
1436:
1404:
1371:
1339:
1307:
1274:
1242:
1210:
1178:
1145:
1112:
1080:
1048:
1016:
984:
951:
919:
887:
854:
788:
756:
721:
689:
656:
624:
592:
553:
520:
502:The Mortgage Works
270:
61:financial services
41:
18:Building societies
5821:
5820:
5694:
5693:
5560:
5559:
5553:
5541:
5536:(a subsidiary of
5524:
5442:
5441:
5314:National Counties
5294:Market Harborough
4964:on 17 August 2013
4456:on 23 August 2013
4317:on 23 August 2013
4275:978-0-7190-7770-8
3785:
3784:
3402:limited companies
3280:
3279:
2671:was taken over by
2230:
2229:
2211:converted to plc
2161:converted to plc
2133:
2123:converted to plc
2039:converted to plc
1943:Current position
1856:
1855:
254:
253:
246:
165:37 & 38 Vict.
16:(Redirected from
5841:
5778:Co-operatives UK
5742:Building society
5721:
5714:
5707:
5698:
5697:
5601:
5587:
5580:
5573:
5564:
5563:
5547:
5545:Irish Nationwide
5535:
5518:
5469:
5462:
5455:
5446:
5445:
5431:
5420:
5419:
5369:Stafford Railway
5163:
5156:
5149:
5140:
5139:
5135:
5114:
5099:
5090:
5069:
5056:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5021:
5006:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4980:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4960:. Archived from
4954:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4943:
4929:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4918:
4909:. Archived from
4903:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4892:
4878:
4872:
4871:
4866:. Archived from
4860:
4854:
4849:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4823:
4817:
4816:
4815:on 10 July 2020.
4811:. Archived from
4805:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4794:
4785:. Archived from
4779:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4768:
4762:
4756:. Archived from
4755:
4747:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4736:
4730:
4719:
4711:
4705:
4704:
4697:
4691:
4685:
4679:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4644:
4635:
4622:
4616:
4615:
4609:
4601:
4595:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4571:
4564:
4556:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4536:. Archived from
4530:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4519:
4513:
4506:
4497:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4475:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4461:
4452:. Archived from
4441:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4366:
4360:
4359:
4351:
4345:
4344:
4326:
4324:
4322:
4306:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4279:
4261:
4255:
4254:
4214:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4176:
4158:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4132:
4100:
4095:
4094:
4093:
3902:Some, including
3788:Society closures
3771:First Active plc
3605:, subsidiary of
3555:Anglo Irish Bank
3483:
3482:
3456:First Active plc
3347:
3336:
3330:
3317:
3311:
3301:
3295:
3288:
2241:
2240:
2131:
2097:converted to plc
2064:Bristol and West
2004:in summer 2013.
1928:
1927:
1905:
1902:
1896:
1893:
819:
449:
448:
365:Llewellyn (1996)
249:
242:
238:
235:
229:
206:
198:
132:English Midlands
84:savings accounts
65:mortgage lending
45:building society
21:
5849:
5848:
5844:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5838:
5824:
5823:
5822:
5817:
5761:
5730:
5725:
5695:
5690:
5602:
5596:of New Zealand
5591:
5561:
5556:
5528:Irish Permanent
5521:Bank of Ireland
5499:
5478:
5473:
5443:
5438:
5408:
5259:Hanley Economic
5209:Buckinghamshire
5190:
5172:
5167:
5035:
5033:Further reading
5030:
5029:
5019:
5017:
5008:
5007:
5003:
4993:
4991:
4982:
4981:
4977:
4967:
4965:
4956:
4955:
4951:
4941:
4939:
4931:
4930:
4926:
4916:
4914:
4905:
4904:
4900:
4890:
4888:
4880:
4879:
4875:
4870:on 5 July 2011.
4862:
4861:
4857:
4850:
4846:
4836:
4834:
4833:on 25 July 2011
4825:
4824:
4820:
4807:
4806:
4802:
4792:
4790:
4789:on 10 July 2020
4781:
4780:
4776:
4766:
4764:
4760:
4753:
4749:
4748:
4744:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4717:
4713:
4712:
4708:
4699:
4698:
4694:
4686:
4682:
4674:
4670:
4660:
4658:
4645:
4638:
4632:Wayback Machine
4623:
4619:
4607:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4589:
4585:
4575:
4573:
4569:
4562:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4543:
4541:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4504:
4498:
4494:
4484:
4482:
4477:
4476:
4469:
4459:
4457:
4442:
4438:
4428:
4426:
4416:
4400:
4396:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4367:
4363:
4352:
4348:
4341:
4320:
4318:
4307:
4303:
4293:
4291:
4276:
4262:
4258:
4235:10.2307/2589967
4215:
4211:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4173:
4159:
4155:
4145:
4143:
4133:
4129:
4124:
4096:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4058:
4053:
3973:
3957:
3897:
3855:
3850:
3827:
3790:
3774:
3726:
3708:Bank of Ireland
3676:
3673:
3663:
3658:
3655:
3617:
3614:
3558:
3549:
3501:
3498:
3447:
3429:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3344:Wayback Machine
3337:
3333:
3328:Wayback Machine
3318:
3314:
3309:Wayback Machine
3302:
3298:
3289:
3285:
3268:merged with the
3250:merged with the
3232:merged with the
3214:merged with the
3196:merged with the
3178:merged with the
3164:OneSavings Bank
3141:merged with the
3123:merged with the
3105:merged with the
3068:
3049:merged with the
3031:merged with the
3013:merged with the
2995:merged with the
2977:merged with the
2959:merged with the
2941:merged with the
2923:merged with the
2905:merged with the
2887:merged with the
2869:merged with the
2851:merged with the
2833:merged with the
2815:merged with the
2797:merged with the
2779:merged with the
2761:merged with the
2743:merged with the
2725:merged with the
2707:merged with the
2689:merged with the
2646:
2624:
2601:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2576:merged to form
2570:
2547:
2523:
2507:merged with the
2483:
2441:
2418:
2394:
2372:
2349:
2326:
2285:
2262:
2235:
2233:No longer exist
2220:Nationalisation
2149:Virgin Money UK
2129:
2105:Became part of
2072:Bank of Ireland
2052:Banco Santander
1996:Became part of
1969:Banco Santander
1914:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1861:
573:
476:
474:
469:
458:
440:
435:
430:
403:
401:2000s and 2010s
329:Rasmusen (1988)
316:
314:1980s and 1990s
283:limited company
250:
239:
233:
230:
219:
207:
196:
194:Demutualisation
177:demutualisation
96:
55:, which offers
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5847:
5837:
5836:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5769:
5767:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5738:
5736:
5732:
5731:
5724:
5723:
5716:
5709:
5701:
5692:
5691:
5689:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5590:
5589:
5582:
5575:
5567:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5554:
5542:
5530:
5525:
5515:
5513:First National
5509:
5507:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5486:
5484:
5480:
5479:
5472:
5471:
5464:
5457:
5449:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5436:
5425:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5195:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5188:
5183:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5166:
5165:
5158:
5151:
5143:
5137:
5136:
5126:(4): 394–402.
5115:
5100:
5091:
5070:
5057:
5034:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5001:
4975:
4949:
4924:
4898:
4873:
4855:
4844:
4818:
4800:
4774:
4742:
4706:
4692:
4680:
4668:
4636:
4617:
4596:
4583:
4551:
4525:
4492:
4467:
4436:
4414:
4394:
4381:
4361:
4358:(55): 839–840.
4346:
4339:
4301:
4274:
4256:
4209:
4195:
4171:
4153:
4135:Reserve Bank.
4126:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4085:
4082:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4037:
4026:United States:
4023:
4009:
3991:
3972:
3969:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3942:
3936:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3912:Heartland Bank
3896:
3893:
3889:
3888:
3876:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3757:
3751:
3745:
3739:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3706:subsidiary of
3704:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3686:
3685:
3669:
3668:
3662:TSB Bank, 2001
3652:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3641:
3635:
3629:
3610:
3609:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3589:
3576:
3575:
3565:
3564:
3540:
3539:February 2011
3537:
3536:
3535:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3416:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3331:
3312:
3296:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3269:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3251:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3233:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3215:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3197:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3179:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3160:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3142:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3124:
3121:
3115:
3114:
3111:
3106:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3088:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3070:
3069:transferred to
3065:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3050:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3032:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3014:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3001:
2996:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2978:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2960:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2947:
2942:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2924:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2906:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2888:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2870:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2852:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2834:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2816:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2798:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2780:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2762:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2744:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2726:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2708:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2690:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2672:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2654:
2653:merged to form
2651:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2631:
2628:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2608:
2605:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2579:
2574:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2554:
2551:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2531:
2528:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2508:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2490:
2487:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2467:
2464:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2448:
2445:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2425:
2422:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2402:
2401:merged to form
2399:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2379:
2378:merged to form
2376:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2356:
2355:merged to form
2353:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2333:
2330:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2310:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2292:
2289:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2269:
2266:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2195:
2192:
2187:
2186:taken over by
2184:
2178:
2177:
2170:
2167:
2162:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2138:
2135:
2124:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2077:
2074:
2069:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2018:Abbey National
2015:
2014:taken over by
2012:
2006:
2005:
1994:
1991:
1986:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1965:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1949:Abbey National
1945:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1897:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
990:
986:
985:
976:
973:
970:
967:
965:
962:
957:
953:
952:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
925:
921:
920:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
893:
889:
888:
879:
876:
873:
870:
868:
865:
860:
856:
855:
846:
843:
841:
838:
833:
830:
825:
821:
820:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
794:
790:
789:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
762:
758:
757:
748:
745:
743:
740:
735:
732:
727:
723:
722:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
695:
691:
690:
681:
678:
675:
672:
670:
667:
662:
658:
657:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
630:
626:
625:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
598:
594:
593:
584:
581:
578:
575:
567:
564:
559:
555:
554:
545:
542:
539:
536:
534:
531:
526:
522:
521:
512:
509:
507:
504:
499:
496:
491:
487:
486:
483:
479:
478:
471:
466:
463:
460:
455:
452:
439:
436:
434:
433:United Kingdom
431:
429:
426:
402:
399:
395:Heffernan 2003
356:also observe:
315:
312:
262:Abbey National
252:
251:
210:
208:
201:
195:
192:
95:
92:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5846:
5835:
5832:
5831:
5829:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5768:
5764:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5733:
5729:
5722:
5717:
5715:
5710:
5708:
5703:
5702:
5699:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5588:
5583:
5581:
5576:
5574:
5569:
5568:
5565:
5551:
5548:(merged into
5546:
5543:
5539:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5522:
5519:(now part of
5516:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5506:
5502:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5470:
5465:
5463:
5458:
5456:
5451:
5450:
5447:
5435:
5430:
5426:
5424:
5415:
5414:
5411:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5399:West Bromwich
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5309:Monmouthshire
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5193:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5175:
5171:
5164:
5159:
5157:
5152:
5150:
5145:
5144:
5141:
5133:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5116:
5112:
5108:
5107:
5101:
5097:
5092:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5037:
5036:
5015:
5011:
5010:"Roll Number"
5005:
4989:
4985:
4979:
4963:
4959:
4953:
4938:
4934:
4928:
4912:
4908:
4902:
4887:
4883:
4877:
4869:
4865:
4859:
4853:
4848:
4832:
4828:
4822:
4814:
4810:
4804:
4788:
4784:
4778:
4759:
4752:
4746:
4727:
4723:
4716:
4710:
4702:
4696:
4689:
4684:
4677:
4672:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4643:
4641:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4621:
4613:
4606:
4600:
4593:
4587:
4568:
4561:
4555:
4539:
4535:
4529:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4480:
4474:
4472:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4440:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4415:9780236311446
4411:
4407:
4406:
4398:
4384:
4382:0-19-924843-5
4378:
4374:
4373:
4365:
4357:
4350:
4342:
4340:0-900382-38-4
4336:
4332:
4316:
4312:
4305:
4289:
4288:Strabane Mail
4285:
4277:
4271:
4267:
4260:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4213:
4198:
4196:0-415-03720-4
4192:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4174:
4172:0-900382-38-4
4168:
4164:
4157:
4142:
4138:
4131:
4127:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4088:
4081:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4045:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4034:credit unions
4032:, as well as
4031:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4010:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3900:
3892:
3886:
3882:
3877:
3873:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3860:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3781:
3779:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3702:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3653:
3650:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3556:
3553:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3452:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3379:Heritage Bank
3375:
3373:
3369:
3363:
3361:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3316:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3293:
3287:
3283:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2197:Now owned by
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2119:Northern Rock
2117:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:taken over by
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:taken over by
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:converted to
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1919:
1901:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1859:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
988:
987:
981:
977:
974:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
955:
954:
948:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
923:
922:
916:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
891:
890:
884:
880:
877:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
858:
857:
851:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
831:
829:
826:
823:
822:
818:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
792:
791:
785:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
760:
759:
753:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
733:
731:
728:
725:
724:
718:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
693:
692:
686:
682:
679:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
660:
659:
653:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
628:
627:
621:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
596:
595:
589:
585:
582:
579:
576:
571:
568:
565:
563:
560:
557:
556:
550:
546:
543:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
524:
523:
517:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
497:
495:
492:
489:
488:
484:
481:
480:
450:
447:
445:
425:
423:
418:
416:
415:Kent Reliance
412:
408:
398:
396:
391:
386:
381:
379:
373:
368:
366:
361:
357:
355:
349:
345:
343:
336:
332:
330:
327:calculation.
324:
322:
311:
308:
304:
303:carpetbaggers
299:
298:Tayler (2003)
294:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
268:in July 1989.
267:
263:
258:
248:
245:
237:
227:
223:
217:
216:
211:This section
209:
205:
200:
199:
191:
189:
185:
180:
178:
172:
171:), and 1960.
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
145:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
91:
89:
85:
80:
78:
74:
73:Great Britain
70:
69:credit unions
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
39:
34:
30:
19:
5747:Credit union
5741:
5593:
5505:Demutualised
5344:Principality
5284:Loughborough
5244:Earl Shilton
5169:
5123:
5119:
5110:
5104:
5095:
5078:
5074:
5065:
5061:
5044:
5040:
5018:. Retrieved
5014:the original
5004:
4992:. Retrieved
4988:the original
4978:
4966:. Retrieved
4962:the original
4952:
4940:. Retrieved
4936:
4927:
4915:. Retrieved
4911:the original
4901:
4889:. Retrieved
4885:
4876:
4868:the original
4858:
4847:
4835:. Retrieved
4831:the original
4821:
4813:the original
4803:
4791:. Retrieved
4787:the original
4777:
4765:. Retrieved
4758:the original
4745:
4733:. Retrieved
4721:
4709:
4695:
4683:
4671:
4659:. Retrieved
4652:
4620:
4611:
4599:
4591:
4586:
4574:. Retrieved
4554:
4542:. Retrieved
4538:the original
4528:
4516:. Retrieved
4509:the original
4495:
4483:. Retrieved
4481:. Bsa.org.uk
4458:. Retrieved
4454:the original
4444:Rex, Simon.
4439:
4427:. Retrieved
4404:
4397:
4386:, retrieved
4371:
4364:
4355:
4349:
4330:
4319:. Retrieved
4315:the original
4304:
4292:. Retrieved
4287:
4265:
4259:
4229:(1): 56–63.
4226:
4222:
4212:
4200:. Retrieved
4185:
4162:
4156:
4144:. Retrieved
4140:
4130:
4098:Banks portal
4078:
4065:
4059:
4056:Roll numbers
4039:
4025:
4019:
4011:
3993:
3979:
3974:
3964:
3958:
3916:
3901:
3898:
3890:
3863:
3856:
3828:
3776:acquired by
3775:
3759:
3753:
3747:
3741:
3735:
3731:(1960–1998)
3728:
3727:
3715:
3712:
3695:
3691:(1969–1984)
3688:
3687:
3681:
3674:
3659:
3656:
3643:
3637:
3631:
3625:
3621:(1940–1994)
3618:
3615:
3591:
3585:
3581:(1991–2011)
3578:
3577:
3571:
3551:
3550:
3543:deposit book
3542:
3531:
3525:
3517:
3511:
3502:
3499:
3489:Demutualised
3472:
3448:
3430:
3406:
3399:
3395:Greater Bank
3387:Auswide Bank
3376:
3364:
3360:World War II
3357:
3334:
3315:
3299:
3286:
2236:
2174:Barclays plc
2172:Now part of
2157:The Woolwich
2127:Virgin Money
2050:Acquired by
1923:nationalised
1918:demutualised
1915:
1912:Demutualised
1900:
457:Group assets
441:
419:
413:in 2009 and
404:
392:
388:
383:
375:
370:
363:
359:
351:
347:
338:
334:
325:
317:
295:
291:
271:
240:
231:
220:Please help
215:verification
212:
181:
173:
152:
142:
140:
120:Golden Cross
119:
108:coffeehouses
97:
81:
59:and related
44:
42:
29:
5349:Progressive
5279:Leek United
4576:27 February
4544:20 December
4429:7 September
4388:20 November
4321:6 September
4294:6 September
4202:7 September
4076:standards.
4066:roll number
3859:New Zealand
3848:New Zealand
3778:Ulster Bank
3773:(1998–2004)
3660:merged with
3159:acquired by
3087:acquired by
2466:merged into
2463:(est 1914)
1989:Lloyds Bank
465:Numbers of
459:(millions)
321:Tayler 2003
279:demutualise
266:demutualise
144:terminating
5334:Nottingham
5319:Nationwide
5234:Darlington
5229:Cumberland
5081:(3): 317.
5047:(3): 327.
5020:18 January
4657:. BBC News
4518:10 October
4122:References
3853:Regulation
3603:EBS d.a.c.
3599:July 2011
3492:Successor
3292:the pledge
1998:Lloyds TSB
1937:Successor
380:observed:
378:Kay (1991)
234:March 2012
169:Coney Hall
124:collateral
100:Birmingham
5404:Yorkshire
5329:Newcastle
5289:Mansfield
5264:Harpenden
5214:Cambridge
5098:(3): 112.
4917:7 October
4661:1 October
4654:bbc.co.uk
4243:0013-0117
4116:Mutualism
4070:sort-code
3887:purposes.
3552:loan book
3372:St George
3354:Australia
2250:Successor
2224:Santander
2058:in 2010.
2056:Santander
2043:Santander
2027:Santander
1973:Santander
1960:Santander
498:£271,893
485:Agencies
482:Branches
477:account?
411:Britannia
138:in 1785.
5828:Category
5766:See also
5423:Category
5384:Teachers
5359:Scottish
5224:Coventry
5204:Beverley
5113:(2): 61.
4994:2 August
4968:2 August
4837:25 April
4726:Archived
4628:Archived
4567:Archived
4424:11817434
4146:8 August
4084:See also
4062:clearing
4012:Germany:
3994:Finland:
3961:Zimbabwe
3955:Zimbabwe
3760:acquired
3754:acquired
3748:acquired
3742:acquired
3736:acquired
3696:acquired
3682:acquired
3644:acquired
3638:acquired
3632:acquired
3626:acquired
3592:acquired
3586:acquired
3572:acquired
3532:acquired
3526:acquired
3518:formerly
3512:acquired
3440:Finance.
3427:Eswatini
3420:Maitland
3413:Tasmania
3340:Archived
3324:Archived
3305:Archived
2165:Barclays
2002:TSB Bank
669:£11,257
637:£25,514
605:£33,571
566:£58,754
533:£58,867
473:Provides
79:groups.
5379:Swansea
5374:Suffolk
5364:Skipton
5354:Saffron
5339:Penrith
5324:Newbury
5299:Marsden
5254:Furness
5249:Ecology
5219:Chorley
4942:1 March
4891:1 March
4793:10 July
4735:10 July
4251:2589967
3998:Finland
3984:Austria
3980:Austria
3831:Jamaica
3825:Jamaica
3713:renamed
3445:Ireland
3368:Advance
2190:Halifax
2093:Halifax
1061:£1,236
1029:£1,238
997:£1,286
964:£1,488
932:£1,547
900:£1,859
867:£1,900
832:£2,402
801:£3,090
769:£3,813
734:£5,313
702:£5,689
574:Accord
511:17,680
475:current
438:Current
104:taverns
57:banking
38:Banbury
5434:Portal
5432:
5421:
5394:Vernon
5304:Melton
5239:Dudley
5068:: 412.
4767:6 June
4485:6 June
4460:8 June
4422:
4412:
4379:
4337:
4272:
4249:
4241:
4193:
4169:
4042:: See
4018:named
3718:(1986)
747:1,393
680:1,157
647:1,538
615:2,506
583:3,117
544:2,824
470:staff
468:No. of
128:Dudley
5735:Types
5274:Leeds
4761:(PDF)
4754:(PDF)
4729:(PDF)
4718:(PDF)
4608:(PDF)
4570:(PDF)
4563:(PDF)
4512:(PDF)
4505:(PDF)
4247:JSTOR
4040:Other
3982:: In
3767:1998
3703:1984
3651:1994
3276:2023
3258:2018
3240:2014
3222:2013
3204:2013
3186:2011
3168:2011
3149:2010
3131:2010
3113:2010
3095:2009
3077:2009
3057:2009
3039:2008
3021:2008
3003:2008
2985:2008
2967:2007
2949:2006
2931:2006
2913:2006
2895:2003
2877:1983
2859:2003
2841:2001
2823:2001
2805:2000
2787:1996
2769:1995
2751:1993
2733:1993
2715:1992
2697:1992
2679:1991
2661:1990
2638:1989
2615:1988
2592:1991
2590:1987
2561:1986
2538:1986
2515:1985
2497:1985
2474:1984
2455:1984
2432:1983
2409:1982
2386:1975
2363:1974
2340:1974
2317:1970
2299:1964
2276:1944
2253:Year
2216:2000
2194:1999
2169:1997
2137:1997
2047:1997
2022:1995
1964:1989
1940:Year
1934:Fate
1931:Name
1833:£138
1801:£163
1769:£198
1737:£292
1705:£304
1673:£306
1641:£334
1609:£355
1577:£362
1545:£375
1513:£417
1481:£485
1449:£516
1417:£530
1384:£533
1352:£540
1320:£545
1287:£645
1255:£647
1223:£715
1191:£734
1158:£799
1125:£812
1093:£833
454:Name
136:Leeds
75:from
47:is a
5517:ICS
5199:Bath
5022:2009
4996:2013
4970:2013
4944:2016
4919:2014
4893:2016
4839:2013
4795:2020
4769:2012
4737:2017
4663:2008
4578:2024
4546:2008
4520:2007
4487:2012
4462:2010
4431:2010
4420:OCLC
4410:ISBN
4390:2010
4377:ISBN
4335:ISBN
4323:2010
4296:2010
4270:ISBN
4239:ISSN
4204:2010
4191:ISBN
4167:ISBN
4148:2023
4074:BACS
4000:the
3906:and
3486:Name
3476:and
3462:and
3449:The
3389:and
3383:Hume
3370:and
2647:and
2623:and
2600:and
2569:and
2546:and
2524:and
2482:and
2440:and
2417:and
2395:and
2371:and
2348:and
2325:and
2284:and
2261:and
2247:Fate
2244:Name
2107:HBOS
2102:1997
2076:1997
1993:1994
1265:118
1169:123
1136:116
1103:113
1071:177
1039:164
1007:181
975:145
942:180
910:236
878:172
845:196
811:634
779:513
712:633
405:The
260:The
5533:EBS
5128:doi
5083:doi
5049:doi
4231:doi
3996:In
3959:In
3857:In
3829:In
3391:IMB
2226:).
1955:plc
1843:26
1811:27
1779:22
1747:31
1715:25
1683:64
1651:50
1619:39
1587:67
1555:39
1523:68
1491:73
1459:73
1427:36
1395:55
1362:83
1330:91
1298:71
1295:61
1233:88
1201:79
972:11
875:36
677:14
580:99
577:132
541:15
506:605
352:As
296:As
224:by
106:or
5830::
5124:12
5122:.
5111:29
5109:.
5079:62
5077:.
5066:31
5064:.
5045:62
5043:.
4935:.
4884:.
4724:.
4720:.
4651:.
4639:^
4610:.
4470:^
4448:.
4418:.
4327:;
4286:.
4280:;
4245:.
4237:.
4225:.
4221:.
4177:;
4139:.
3963:,
3470:.
3404:.
1975:.
1925:.
1862:^
1825:42
1793:41
1761:40
1729:39
1697:38
1665:37
1633:36
1601:35
1569:34
1537:33
1505:32
1473:31
1441:30
1409:29
1392:1
1376:28
1344:27
1312:26
1279:25
1247:24
1215:23
1183:22
1166:1
1150:21
1133:2
1117:20
1085:19
1053:18
1034:12
1021:17
989:16
969:11
956:15
937:10
924:14
905:13
892:13
872:11
859:12
824:11
806:34
793:10
774:31
742:31
707:37
674:54
642:50
610:82
538:64
446:.
344::
323:)
43:A
5720:e
5713:t
5706:v
5586:e
5579:t
5572:v
5552:)
5540:)
5523:)
5468:e
5461:t
5454:v
5162:e
5155:t
5148:v
5134:.
5130::
5089:.
5085::
5055:.
5051::
5024:.
4998:.
4972:.
4946:.
4921:.
4895:.
4841:.
4797:.
4771:.
4739:.
4703:.
4665:.
4614:.
4594:.
4580:.
4548:.
4522:.
4489:.
4464:.
4433:.
4343:.
4325:.
4298:.
4278:.
4253:.
4233::
4227:9
4206:.
4175:.
4150:.
4046:.
3422:)
3415:)
1838:1
1806:2
1774:1
1742:1
1710:1
1678:4
1646:3
1614:1
1582:2
1550:1
1518:6
1486:4
1454:7
1422:4
1389:5
1357:4
1325:5
1292:6
1260:5
1228:5
1196:8
1163:9
1130:7
1098:9
1066:9
1002:8
840:1
761:9
726:8
694:7
661:6
629:5
597:4
572:;
558:3
525:2
490:1
301:'
247:)
241:(
236:)
232:(
218:.
163:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
