118:. He was taken to nearby Tottenham police station and charged with theft and assault (he was later acquitted of both charges). Five and a half hours later, D.C. Randle and three other officers decided to search his mother's home, also close by. Forty-nine-year-old Cynthia Jarrett immediately collapsed and died from a heart attack during disputed circumstances. During the coroner's inquest into Mrs Jarrett's death, her daughter, Patricia claimed to have seen D.C. Randle push her mother whilst conducting the search inside their house, causing her to fall. Randle denied this allegation.
22:
90:
188:
well-prepared in terms of disorder training. The London Fire
Brigade came under attack, as did the 'serial' of police, including Blakelock, who was there to assist. The rioting was too intense for police untrained in riot control, and they and the firefighters withdrew, chased by rioters. Blakelock tripped, fell, and was surrounded by a mob with
356:, people in Brixton went out, leaving their grocery money in a bag at the front door, and expecting to see groceries there when they got back...Riots, criminality and social disintegration are caused solely by individual characters and attitudes. So long as bad moral attitudes remain, all efforts to improve the inner cities will founder."
378:, beginning in February 1986 and concluding in July 1986, called The Broadwater Farm Inquiry. The Gifford report was published in July 1986. Second Report of the Independent Inquiry into the disturbances of October 1985 at the Broadwater Farm Estate, Totthenham, chaired by Gifford was also published.
266:
test demonstrated police notes of interrogations (the only evidence) had been tampered with. Braithwaite and Raghip were released after four years in prison. Silcott remained in prison for the separate murder of another man, Tony Smith, which occurred in
December 1984 in the Tottenham area, and for
168:
sound recordist Robin Green, and cameraman Keith
Skinner) were also claimed to have been hit. Cars were set on fire and barricades made, while one house on the edge of the estate was severely damaged by fire. The main conflict took place at the centre of the estate itself, with police officers and
282:
At the inquest into the death of
Cynthia Jarrett her daughter, Patricia, told the court that her mother had been pushed over by Detective Constable Michael Randle, which he denied. The inquest found that Jarrett had died accidentally. No police officers were charged or disciplined for her death.
246:
Six people (three juveniles and three adults) were charged with the murder of PC Blakelock. The juveniles all had their cases dismissed after the judge ruled the conditions in which they had been held were so inappropriate that their interrogation was inadmissible; conditions included being
187:
responded to reports of a fire on the elevated level of
Tangmere House; this block consisted of a shopping level with flats and maisonettes above. The location itself was some distance away from the main body of rioting, and as such was being policed by units who were less well-equipped and
651:
Keith
Tompson is a pen name for Silicon Valley entrepreneur Keith Teare. He was active in anti-racist campaigns in the UK between 1979 and 1996. This book was written at a time when extreme right wing groups were targeting activists, hence the use of a pen name to protect his
196:
and other weapons, who killed him in an attempt to decapitate him. PC Richard
Coombes suffered a serious facial injury from one of the attackers when he made efforts to rescue his colleague. The rioting tailed off during the night as rain fell and news of the death spread.
229:
Afterwards, the local council invested in the estate to improve some of the problems which were seen as factors in the rioting. By 2016, and although there is reportedly still contention with the police, the area has improved.
205:
Police maintained a substantial presence on the estate for several months, arresting and questioning 400 people. The disturbances led to changes in police tactics and equipment, and efforts to re-engage with the community.
306:'s policy unit in response to Broadwater Farm, urging "Thatcher to ignore reports that rioting in mainly black urban areas was the result of social deprivation and racism." The Broadwater Farm riot had been sparked by a
258:, despite no witnesses and no forensic evidence. The Tottenham Three are Innocent Campaign and the Broadwater Farm Defence Campaign pressed for a retrial. On 25 November 1991, all three defendants were cleared by the
237:
for responding to sudden major incidents. Among the difficulties with the police response was that orders had to be communicated through numerous ranks, and it was never clear who was in operational charge.
1714:
829:"Oliver Letwin blocked help for black youth after 1985 riots: Cameron's policy chief makes apology over advice to Thatcher that assistance would benefit 'disco and drug trade' and Rastafarian crafts"
274:. In July 2013, Nicholas Jacobs was charged with the murder of PC Blakelock. Four other men arrested at the same time were not charged. On 9 April 2014, Jacobs was cleared of all charges.
267:
which he was convicted in
February 1986. He was released on licence in October 2003 after serving 18 years in prison, a 14-year recommended minimum having been issued by the trial judge.
325:. The memo scorned suggestions by senior cabinet ministers to set up a £10m communities programme to tackle inner-city problems by helping black people start businesses, as suggested by
348:
on 30 December 2015, a chastened Letwin apologised on the same day for "the offence caused". The memo argued that the riots were caused by bad behaviour, rather than social conditions:
1121:
226:, was widely condemned for reportedly saying, "the police got a bloody good hiding" (although the actual statement was "the youth think they gave the police a bloody good hiding").
160:
The evening TV news claimed there were shots at the police, with two officers, PC Stuart Patt, and another unnamed officer being treated for gunshot wounds. Three journalists (
532:
938:
The
Broadwater Farm inquiry: report of the independent inquiry into disturbances of October 1985 at the Broadwater Farm Estate, Tottenham, chaired by Lord Gifford
901:
The
Broadwater Farm Inquiry: Report of the Independent Inquiry Into Disturbances of October 1985 at the Broadwater Farm Estate, Tottenham, Chaired by Lord Gifford
352:"Lower-class, unemployed white people lived for years in appalling slums without a breakdown of public order on anything like the present scale; in the midst of
93:
987:"BG 303.623 BRO: Second Report of the Independent Inquiry into the disturbances of October 1985 at the Broadwater Farm Estate, Totthenham, chaired by Gifford"
553:
333:, and "establishing training programs for low-income youth." Letwin claimed it would not ameliorate the situation but would do little more than "subsidise
1853:
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68:
which had occurred the previous week, following the shooting of a black woman, Cherry Groce, during another police search. The second death was the
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361:
Oliver Letwin, Hartley Booth Policy Broadwater Farm memo to Prime Minister Thatcher 1985 (released to the public domain on 30 December 2015)
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133:, later condemned the search and urged the local police chiefs to resign immediately as their behaviour had been "out of control".
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Brain, T. (2010) A history of policing in England and Wales from 1974: a turbulent journey. Oxford University Press.
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49:
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125:. There was a widespread belief, later confirmed to be accurate by two extensive inquiries, that the police were
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arts and crafts workshops", stating that black "entrepreneurs will set up in the disco and drug trade".
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129:, following Cherry Groce's shooting by police a week earlier. In particular, the local council leader,
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Jarrett's death sparked outrage from some members of the black community against the conduct of the
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The events of the day were dominated by two deaths. The first was that of Cynthia Jarrett, an
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The officer in charge of the interrogation of Silcott and the other two men was cleared of
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by a small crowd of people. Violence between police and youths escalated during the day.
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man, Floyd Jarrett, who lived about a mile from the Farm, was falsely arrested by
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were already high, due to a combination of local issues and the aftermath of the
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questioned naked except for a blanket, and being questioned without a guardian.
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254:, Engin Raghip and Mark Braithwaite, were convicted of murder and sentenced to
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60:, in a context where tensions between local black youth and the largely white
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292:
53:
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1715:
Actions against memorials in Great Britain during the George Floyd protests
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529:
Police-Public Relations: The Pace of Change: Police Foundation Lecture 1986
445:
207:
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during a police search at her home. It was one of the main triggers of the
42:
696:"Metropolitan Police Service – History of the Metropolitan Police Service"
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626:
72:, the third police officer since 1833 to be killed in a riot in Britain.
1349:
602:
760:"PC Keith Blakelock: man charged with murder at Broadwater Farm riots"
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Man arrested over 1985 murder of Pc Keith Blakelock, Bury St. Edmunds
334:
38:
1777:
1184:
1078:
1012:
Policeman killed in riot Street violence in Tottenham, North London
800:"Release of 1985 Race Riots Memo Prompts Apology From Cameron Aide"
161:
963:"Anger smoulders in Tottenham: the Broadwater Farm riots of 1985"
311:
271:
189:
778:"PC Keith Blakelock: Nicholas Jacobs cleared of killing officer"
439:
Gareth Parry, Susan Tirbutt and David Rose (30 September 1985).
321:
In 1985, Letwin was then considered to be a "young star" of the
114:, having been stopped in a vehicle with an allegedly suspicious
676:
Parry, Gareth; Rawnsley, Andrew; Ezard, John (7 October 1985).
310:; over the following weeks and months, riots also broke out in
329:, refurbishing public housing council blocks, as suggested by
141:
There was a demonstration the following day outside Tottenham
193:
57:
822:
820:
441:"From the archive: Riots in Brixton after police shooting"
165:
233:
The riot prompted the Metropolitan Police to devise the
75:
854:"Letwin apologises over 1985 Broadwater Farm riot memo"
817:
471:"Police blamed over 1985 Cherry Groce Brixton shooting"
286:
793:
791:
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620:
618:
737:
735:
628:Under Siege: Racism and Violence in Britain Today
434:
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169:rioters injured, and dozens of people arrested.
788:
615:
554:"Police - Public Relations: The Pace of Change"
1049:It's no surprise concrete estates never worked
732:
586:"Broadside entitled 'Dreadful Riot in London'"
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411:"1985: Riots in Brixton after police shooting"
366:
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465:
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153:. The youths in the conflict used bricks and
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494:
492:
405:
403:
1710:George Floyd protests in the United Kingdom
592:, National Library of Scotland, citing the
340:When the 1985 paper was released under the
1101:
1087:
500:"1985: Riots erupt in Toxteth and Peckham"
460:
1854:October 1985 events in the United Kingdom
1829:History of the London Borough of Haringey
714:"Politics, race and the fight to inherit"
489:
400:
172:
1029:Talking Blues: Police in their own words
106:At 13:00 hrs on 5 October 1985, a young
20:
1017:Metropolitan Police history of the riot
931:
894:
624:
52:woman who died the previous day due to
1801:
299:co-authored a memo as members of then-
136:
1082:
798:Erlanger, Steven (30 December 2015).
76:Police encounter with Cynthia Jarrett
1108:
1053:Scott, Stafford (7 December 2003). "
757:
746:Article of detailing trial evidence
582:1833 Police Constable Robert Culley
235:Gold-silver-bronze command structure
1197:1768 Massacre of St George's Fields
981:
846:
698:. 30 September 2007. Archived from
374:chaired a six-person panel for the
344:into the public record through the
318:and at the Broadwater Farm estate.
13:
1582:1999 Carnival Against Capital riot
1063:Scott, Stafford (7 October 2005) "
1044:. (7 April 2005). BBC News online.
372:Anthony Gifford, 6th Baron Gifford
25:Broadwater Farm riot: the next day
14:
1865:
1042:MP caught up in drive-by shooting
827:Travis, Alan (30 December 2015).
1662:2011 Stokes Croft riot (Bristol)
287:Broadwater Farm memo controversy
250:In March 1987, three local men,
88:
1667:2011 UK anti-austerity protests
1629:2009 G20 London summit protests
1562:1994 Criminal Justice Bill riot
1122:1189–1190 Massacres of the Jews
1005:
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888:
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376:Haringey London Borough Council
1834:Metropolitan Police operations
1552:1992 Hartcliffe riot (Bristol)
1421:1974 Red Lion Square disorders
1365:1932 Old Market riot (Bristol)
574:
546:
518:
1:
1672:2011 London anti-cuts protest
1297:1838 Battle of Bossenden Wood
1253:1816 Ely and Littleport riots
1227:1795 Revolt of the housewives
1024:– 6 October. BBC News online.
758:Dodd, Vikram (23 July 2013).
603:Station Sergeant Thomas Green
393:
149:tried to clear streets using
1844:20th-century riots in London
1537:1990 Strangeways Prison riot
1395:1958 Notting Hill race riots
1380:1943 Battle of Bamber Bridge
1312:1866 Hyde Park demonstration
1132:1355 St Scholastica Day riot
1055:End this Blakelock obsession
200:
7:
1577:1996 Trafalgar Square riots
1375:1936 Battle of Cable Street
1207:1776 Nottingham cheese riot
381:
367:The Broadwater Farm Inquiry
10:
1870:
1370:1932 National Hunger March
1360:1919 Luton Peace Day riots
678:"Policeman killed in riot"
631:. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
277:
218:, later elected as Labour
183:At 9.30pm, police and the
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1788:Territorial Support Group
1760:
1744:
1732:2024 United Kingdom riots
1702:
1649:
1601:
1594:
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1504:Murder of Keith Blakelock
1499:1985 Broadwater Farm riot
1444:
1436:1979 Death of Blair Peach
1408:
1355:1919 Battle of Bow Street
1337:
1330:
1235:
1162:
1114:
1065:Sacrifice of a generation
876:"Broadwater Farm Inquiry"
241:
179:Murder of Keith Blakelock
87:
82:
70:murder of Keith Blakelock
1657:2010 UK student protests
1307:1865 Leeds dripping riot
1222:1793 Bristol Bridge riot
951:– via Hathi Trust.
164:reporter Peter Woodman,
1431:1977 Battle of Lewisham
1263:1821 Cinderloo Uprising
856:. BBC. 30 December 2015
625:Tompson, Keith (1988).
1819:1980s crimes in London
1682:Killing of Mark Duggan
1634:Death of Ian Tomlinson
1542:1991 Meadow Well riots
1416:1970 Garden House riot
1258:1819 Peterloo Massacre
1202:1769 Spitalfield riots
1170:1710 Sacheverell riots
1154:1668 Bawdy House riots
607:1985 Police Constable
590:The Word on the Street
364:
173:Murder of PC Blakelock
127:institutionally racist
26:
1839:Race riots in England
1824:Black British history
1783:Public Order Act 1986
1722:2022 Leicester unrest
1624:2005 Birmingham riots
1547:1991 Handsworth riots
1489:1985 Handsworth riots
1482:1981 Handsworth riots
1467:1981 Chapeltown riots
1385:1944 Park Street riot
1248:1816 Spa Fields riots
1175:1714 Coronation riots
1137:1381 Peasants' Revolt
702:on 30 September 2007.
561:The Police Foundation
350:
210:, then leader of the
45:, on 6 October 1985.
24:
1687:House of Reeves fire
1641:2009 Upton Park riot
1567:1995 Manningham riot
1511:1987 Chapeltown riot
1426:1975 Chapeltown riot
1345:1907 Brown Dog riots
1243:1809 Old Price riots
1217:1791 Priestley riots
535:21 July 2011 at the
31:Broadwater Farm riot
1752:1981 Scarman report
1727:2024 Harehills riot
1619:2001 Harehills riot
1609:2001 Bradford riots
1532:1990 Poll Tax riots
1477:1981 Moss Side riot
1390:1945 Aldershot riot
1115:12th–17th centuries
570:on 30 January 2022.
417:. 28 September 1985
185:London Fire Brigade
137:Day of disturbances
123:Metropolitan Police
62:Metropolitan Police
1677:2011 England riots
1557:1993 Welling riots
1516:1989 Dewsbury riot
1472:1981 Toxteth riots
1457:1981 England riots
1452:1980 St Pauls riot
1400:1968 student riots
1317:1887 Bloody Sunday
1302:1842 Pottery Riots
1285:1831 Bristol riots
1180:1715 England riots
1127:The revolt of 1196
1047:Christian Wolmar.
935:(15 August 1986).
594:Caledonian Mercury
388:2011 England riots
323:Conservative Party
37:council estate in
27:
1796:
1795:
1740:
1739:
1614:2001 Oldham riots
1590:
1589:
1572:1995 Brixton riot
1494:1985 Brixton riot
1462:1981 Brixton riot
1322:1896 Newlyn riots
1280:1831 reform riots
1212:1780 Gordon riots
1149:1517 Evil May Day
1031:. Fontana Press.
911:978-0-946918-60-7
748:, 18 January 2004
541:Police Foundation
346:National Archives
304:Margaret Thatcher
256:life imprisonment
162:Press Association
155:Molotov cocktails
104:
103:
66:1985 Brixton riot
1861:
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1292:1832 Days of May
1268:1830 Swing riots
1142:Treason Act 1381
1109:Riots in England
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971:. 8 August 2011.
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506:. 1 October 1985
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941:. Karia Press.
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784:. 9 April 2014.
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1006:Bibliography
993:Bernie Grant
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807:. Retrieved
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722:. Retrieved
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116:car tax disc
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99:Getty Images
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43:North London
30:
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1338:1900s–1960s
1022:On this day
860:30 December
838:30 December
809:30 December
724:17 February
335:Rastafarian
327:David Young
147:Riot police
1814:1985 riots
1803:Categories
525:Newman, K.
394:References
35:Broadwater
1849:Tottenham
917:15 August
766:. London.
684:. London.
652:identity.
291:In 1985,
224:Tottenham
201:Aftermath
39:Tottenham
1778:Riot Act
1692:Timeline
1185:Riot Act
898:(1986).
782:BBC News
647:18623757
533:Archived
504:BBC News
475:BBC News
415:BBC News
382:See also
359:—
262:when an
190:machetes
1761:Related
1745:Reports
995:Archive
510:10 July
481:10 July
452:10 July
421:10 July
316:Toxteth
312:Peckham
278:Inquest
272:perjury
1035:
945:
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543:, 1986
539:, The
242:Trials
212:Labour
194:knives
112:police
1703:2020s
1650:2010s
1602:2000s
1525:1990s
1445:1980s
1409:1970s
601:1919
568:(PDF)
557:(PDF)
108:black
1033:ISBN
991:The
943:ISBN
919:2021
906:ISBN
862:2015
840:2015
811:2015
726:2018
643:OCLC
633:ISBN
512:2014
483:2014
454:2014
423:2014
295:and
264:ESDA
222:for
58:riot
29:The
1057:".
166:BBC
1805::
1067:".
989:.
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220:MP
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