National Front (UK)

2033:(6%). A report published in 1980 instead found that Greater London and the West Midlands were the NF's greatest areas of support, together making up 48% of its national vote share. Determining that 71% of the NF's support came from men, this study also found a strong link to class, with 72% of NF supporters being working-class; it noted that support was "somewhat stronger among the skilled working class than among the semi- and unskilled workers." The 1980 study also examined views of the NF among the broader electorate, finding that 6% would "seriously consider" voting for the NF. Two-thirds of respondents believed that the NF stirred up racial tensions to advance its cause, 64% believed that there was a Nazi element to the party and 56% believed that the NF wanted Britain to become a 1720: 847: 1558: 1393: 572:, a ban on migration into Britain and the expulsion of all settled non-white immigrants. They considered various names for the new party, before settling on "National Front" in December 1966. The National Front (NF) was founded on 7 February 1967, with Chesterton its first chairman. At the time it had approximately 2,500 members, of whom 1,000 were from the BNP, 300 from the LEL and over 100 from the RPS. The historian Richard Thurlow described the NF's formation as "the most significant event on the radical right and fascist fringe of British politics" since the internment of the country's fascists during the 2674: 2063:

the "territorial sensitivity" prevalent in English working-class culture was key. He argued that the English working-class largely created personal identities based on their neighbourhood rather than their profession, leaving them susceptible to far-right appeals based on location rather than leftist ones based on workplace solidarity. He argued that there were parallels with the Netherlands, where urban working-class communities had also expressed support for the far-right, although not in France, Germany, or Italy, where the urban proletariat had not offered substantial support for far-right parties.

1971: 2622:, it gained the third-largest vote share. Its share of the London vote also increased, reflecting an average rise from 4.4% in the October 1974 general election to 5.3% in the 1977 GLC election. It averaged over 10% of the vote in three boroughs: Hackney, Newham and Tower Hamlets. The NF's vote share began to stagnate in the local elections from 1977 and 1978. By 1977, the party's electoral support had peaked and, by the London Borough Council elections of 1978, its support "had very noticeably declined" in the city, something that was then reflected in local elections elsewhere in the UK. 2118:, it beat the Liberals to reach third place. Within a few years the NF's electoral support had drastically declined; in the 1979 general election, it fielded 303 candidates and averaged 0.6% of the total national vote, losing £45,000 in deposits. In the seats contested, it averaged 1.3% of the vote, a number which rose to 2% in the 88 constituencies it contested in Greater London. This election "marked the beginning of the end of the movement's claim to seek political legitimacy through the ballot box". In the 1983 general election, the NF fought 54 seats, averaging 1% in each. 856: 1690:

determined tactics. A third of the directorate were required to stand down every year, with a postal ballot of the membership to determine their replacements. Between 1971 and 1975, the directorate elected two of its members to be the chairman and deputy chairman. However, at the 1977 annual general meeting it agreed—at Tyndall's instigation—that the chairman would instead be elected through a postal ballot of the membership. As the directorate met in London infrequently, in practice the running of the party was left to the chairman and deputy chairman.

1468:(EEC). To replace the EEC, the NF called for stronger UK links with the "White countries" of the British Commonwealth, namely Canada, Australia and New Zealand, but also the white-minority governments of Rhodesia and South Africa. According to the Front, this would "strengthen the ethnic, cultural and family ties between peoples of British stock all over the world". It stated that an NF-led UK would not remain allied to the United States because the latter was dominated by the Jewish conspiracy, and called for withdrawal from the 1707:

annual elections for the committee positions. Typically taking place in pubs, branch meetings focused largely on practical issues like raising finances. Some NF branches established supporters' associations for sympathisers unwilling to become members. Supporter organisations were established elsewhere in the world; in New Zealand in 1977 and in Australia, Canada and South Africa in 1978. In April 1974, the party introduced regional councils to co-ordinate between the national party and its local groups and branches.

2750:

and athletes, some of whom later distanced themselves from it amid concerns that its sub-campaign, School Kids Against the Nazis, was politicising schoolchildren with leftist propaganda. A more moderate alternative, the Joint Committee Against Racialism (JCAR), was launched in December 1977, uniting Labour, Conservative and Liberal Party members. Rock Against Racism was formed in 1976, holding two well-attended music festivals in London in 1978. In January 1978, both Christians Against Racism and Fascism and the

1310:

It claimed that Labour had promoted migration to boost their vote and that Conservatives had seen migrants as cheap labour. Its early publications generally avoided derogatory terms for non-whites like "wog" or "nigger", although such language appeared at party rallies. As it developed, the NF press included racially inflammatory headlines like "Black Savages Terrorize Old Folk" and "Asians Import Bizarre Sex-Murder Rites", also comparing non-white migrants to vermin by describing areas as "immigrant-infested".

994:, emerged in 2009, the NF pursued links but was rebuffed by the EDL, which sought to distance itself from the Front and other established far-right groups. As the EDL declined in the following years, the NF collaborated with some of the groups that had split from it, like the North West Infidels and South East Alliance. In March 2015 Kevin Bryan became the NF's chair. After Bryan was injured in a car accident he was replaced by Dave MacDonald in November 2015, with Tony Martin taking over in September 2018. 1694: 1078:

ideology in more rational language and seemingly reasonable arguments", while Wilkinson observed that this faction's leadership was "deeply imbued with Nazi ideas" and retained "intimate connections" with both domestic and foreign neo-Nazi groups. Taylor also regarded the NF of the 1970s as a Nazi organisation because of its fixation on antisemitic conspiracy theories. In his words, the NF's "full ideology" was, "in a large number of respects", identical to the original German Nazism.

2705: 1905:

through" it; Taylor suggested that during the 1970s, "at least 12,000" people joined and then left. Many of those attracted to the party because of its anti-immigrationism may have departed on discovering its fascist ideology. In other cases, individuals may have left because the hardship they encountered — social ostracism, job losses, verbal abuse and, on rare occasions, assault — became too much to endure, particularly as the party's fortunes declined in the latter 1970s.

46: 9506: 879:, which adopted the name "National Front" in January 1987. According to Eatwell, the Flag NF "was essentially a continuation of the racial-populist tradition" used by earlier forms of the party. It had more working-class leaders than the Strasserite group and regarded the latter as intellectuals pursuing foreign ideological fads. There remained two organisations claiming the name of National Front—that controlled by the Flag Group and the Strasserites' 556:, as well as the recent arrest of Tyndall and seven other GBM members for illegal weapon possession. Chesterton wanted to keep his new party clear of the crude sloganeering he thought was holding back the far-right's electoral success; he later stated that "the man who thinks this is a war that can be won by mouthing slogans about 'dirty Jews' and 'filthy niggers' is a maniac whose place should not be in the National Front but in a mental hospital." 1928:

Fielding observed that party activism was generally carried out by upper working- and lower middle-class members rather than by their lower working-class and upper middle-class counterparts. Fielding also noted that the party contained individuals of all age ranges, although added that men in their thirties and fifties predominated over those in their forties, suggesting that the latter were typically preoccupied with raising families.

1529:, claiming that the latter places the interests of business above that of the nation. It promoted economic nationalism, calling for maximum national self-sufficiency and a rejection of international free trade. By this approach it wished to separate Britain from the international financial system, which it believed was controlled by the Jewish conspiracy. It opposed foreign ownership of British industry, endorsing 1434:, Tyndall stated that "it is only in banana republics, where the 'sophisticated' Western institutions of a multi- or two-party system, powerful trade unions and a 'free' press have not yet taken root, that there is still scope for men of real personality and decision to emerge and truly lead." Fielding believed that had the NF achieved political office it would have marginalised parliament and governed in a 1293:

non-whites would be stripped of British citizenship and placed behind white Britons when it came to access to welfare, education and housing. It accompanied this with a call to prohibit future non-white migration to Britain. In the 1970s the NF stated that it did not oppose the arrival of white immigrants from Commonwealth countries, but called for "firm controls" on the migration of whites from elsewhere.

597: 1549:

for large business and industry to be redistributed into a tripartite system: small privately owned enterprises, workers' co-operatives and, in the case of financial institutions and heavy industry, nationalised enterprises. To solve unemployment, the party stated that it would encourage urban-to-rural migration, with heavily mechanised agriculture being replaced by small, labour-intensive farms.

1069:

nationalism and anti-immigration stance but not its antisemitic conspiracy theories. While noting that the party's views on race departed considerably "from what is normal or acceptable to the average citizen" in the UK, the political scientist Nigel Fielding observes that many of its other views were grounded in what would be considered "popular common-sense opinion" across the political right.

1430:, "the survival, and the national recovery of Britain stand as top priority over all. We will support whatever political methods are necessary to attain that end." He called for governance by a strong leader, an individual unencumbered by political parties and elections so that they could focus on the national interest rather than the interests of sub-groups or short-term considerations. In 1338:. It claimed that Jews form a biologically distinct race—one of the world's "higher races"—and that they seek to destroy the white "Caucasoid" race. The Front alleged that a Jewish cabal orchestrated non-white migration into Britain, hoping to weaken the white race through racial mixing, as well as through internationalism and encouraging internal division. The party propagated the 1448:. It promoted the establishment of communal political structures, with street councils, area councils, county councils and a National People's Council "for each of the British Nations". In its view of this future, the British population would be armed and trained in military tactics, allowing for the establishment of local militias rather than a state-controlled professional army. 1023:

leadership is deeply imbued with Nazi ideas and though they try to play down their past affiliations with more blatantly Nazi movements, such as Colin Jordan's National Socialist Movement, they covertly maintain intimate connections with small neo-Nazi cells in Britain and abroad, because all their beliefs and motives make this not only tactically expedient but effective.

1949:", and that they expressed harsh prejudices against non-white Britons. A common perception among members was that life had changed for the worse in Britain, often outlined by the expression: "the country is going to the dogs". The members Fielding encountered widely perceived Britain's political leaders as corrupt and cruel and tended to believe conspiracy theories. 643:, fielding 10 candidates; almost all received under 5% of the vote. The party faced militant left-wing opposition, including the driving of a lorry into its Tulse Hill building in 1969, and to counter this the NF installed a spy in London's anti-fascist movement. Against Chesterton's wishes, NF activists carried out publicity stunts: in 1968 they marched onto a 941: 2059:

local whites and the greater the support for the NF. An alternate explanation is that the NF did particularly well in areas where the non-white population was moderately sized; and whites turned to the NF because they feared that the local non-white population would grow, particularly if neighbouring areas already had large non-white populations.

1384:, referring to the Holocaust as "the six million myth". It is possible that most senior NF figures were aware that the Holocaust really happened, but denied its occurrence for tactical reasons, hoping that the spread of Holocaust denial would facilitate a more positive attitude toward Nazi Germany among Britain's population. 1650:. It called for greater emphasis on examinations and sporting competitions, with a rejection of "slapdash Leftwing-inspired teaching fads". It stated that it would emphasise the teaching of British history to encourage patriotism while expanding science and technology in the curriculum at the expense of the 1380:, Tyndall stated: "if Britain were to become Jew-clean she would have no nigger neighbours to worry about ... It is the Jews who are our misfortune: T-h-e J-e-w-s. Do you hear me? THE JEWS?" While some of its senior members had previously called for a genocide of the Jews, the party itself engaged in 777:. It nevertheless performed badly, securing only 1.3% of the total vote, down from 3.1% in the October 1974 general election. This decline may have been due to increased anti-fascist campaigning over preceding years, or because of the Conservatives' increasingly restrictive stance on immigration under 2685:

During the NF's 1970s heyday, the mainstream media only occasionally paid it attention; the NF claimed that this was part of a conspiracy against the party. It often had a better relationship with local newspapers, which were more likely to publish letters sent in by the NF. In the 1970s, NF branches

2681:

The party also helped shape new far-right subcultures, for instance by cultivating the early white power skinhead music scene. Billig suggested that the NF's long-term importance might have been in keeping anti-Semitism alive in Britain at a time when, following the Holocaust, it was weakened. Billig

2077:

The National Front experienced its greatest success between 1972 and 1977. By the late 1970s, the party's support had drastically declined and in the 1980s it largely withdrew from electoral participation. The Front's emergence as an electoral force during the 1970s was an "unprecedented development"

2062:

On examining voting data from the 1977 Greater London Council election, the political scientist Paul Whiteley argued that the NF's vote share was best explained by the "working-class authoritarianism" phenomenon examined in the United States by S. M. Lipset. Christopher Husbands instead believed that

2058:

Increasing levels of non-white immigration have been cited as an explanation for the NF's electoral growth in the 1970s. One argument was that areas with large non-white immigrant communities were most susceptible to NF support, and the higher the non-white population, the higher the resentment among

1710:

After the Strasserite faction secured control in 1986, it formally adopted a cadre system of leadership. This made the party more elitist, creating what the Strasserites called "a revolutionary cadre party; a movement run by its most dedicated and active members rather than by armchair nationalists".

1701:

The NF's local presence divided into "groups", which had under twelve members, and "branches", which had over twelve. Fielding stated that in July 1973 the party had 32 branches and 80 groups, while the journalist Martin Walker claimed that in January 1974, it had 30 branches and 54 groups. Most were

1548:

policies, maintaining the emphasis on an economic system neither capitalist nor socialist. In the party's material from 1980, it claimed that "Capitalism and Communism" were "twin evils" to be overcome by "Revolutionary Nationalism". In keeping with the Strasserites' distributism, the 1980s NF called

1292:

The cornerstone of the Front's manifesto since 1974 has been the compulsory deportation of all non-white immigrants and their descendants, as well as the white British partners in mixed-race relationships. It stated that the "repatriation" process could take ten years, adding that before deportation,

1077:

During its history, the NF contained various factions with distinct ideological positions. From the party's early days until the 1980 Tyndall/Webster split, its ideology was dominated by the ex-GBM faction. According to Thurlow, the ex-GBM faction oversaw "an attempt to portray the essentials of Nazi

1052:

Rejecting the term "fascist" to describe itself, the NF sought to conceal its connections to older fascist movements, denying its leaders' previous fascist activities. It claimed that it could not be fascist because it took part in elections; the political scientist Stan Taylor argues that this claim

686:

noted that with Tyndall as chair, "the NF tried hard to hide its neo-Nazism from public view, fearing it might damage popular support." Refocusing its appeal towards the white working class, in June 1974 it launched the NF Trade Unionists Association. Britain's leftists fought back by publicising the

2047:

Many members of a 'dominant' group, the 'white' English, felt 'threatened' by a new group, the 'coloured' English or coloured immigrants, who, it was thought, were variously destroying their cultural and national uniqueness, or competing unfairly for resources, particularly employment and housing...

1877:

There was regional variation in the support that the NF received during the 1970s, reflected both in its vote share and the size and number of its branches. Paralleling the earlier support of the BUF, the NF's strength was centred heavily in England; its support was far weaker in Wales, Scotland and

1804:

and ratepayers' and residents' associations, through which to promote the NF. In 1978, the party's directorate established a legal department to deal with the growing number of members being charged with inciting racial hatred under the 1976 Race Relations Act. Also in the 1970s, it formed a Student

1593:

stance, stating that abortions should only be legal in medical emergencies. According to Tyndall, the legalisation of abortion was part of a conspiracy to reduce white British births. The issue decreased in resonance within the party during the early 1980s but was re-emphasised when the Strasserites

1135:

with their own physical and social characteristics. Although some of its published material referred only to "white" and "black" races, elsewhere it listed various racial groups, among them the "Nordics", "Caucasoids", "Negroids", "Semites" and "Turco-Armonoids". It claimed that within racial groups

2749:

Anti-fascist and anti-racist groups formed the National Co-Ordinating Committee in September 1977. That November, various left and far-left groups launched the Anti-Nazi League (ANL), which gained public endorsements from several Labour politicians, trade union leaders, academics, actors, musicians

1933:

While the party attracts significant numbers of working-class people the role they play in the branch is contingent on their political ability and zeal, and there is no doubt that it is those drawn from the upper ranks of the working class who predominate... It is noticeable that the more sedentary

1918:

claimed that from its origins with 4,000 members in 1968, the party reached a peak membership of 17,500 in 1972, which had declined to 10,000 in 1979, to 3,148 in 1984 and to 1,000 in 1985. An estimate of party membership in 1989 put adherents of the Flag Group at about 3,000 and of the Strasserite

1904:

The NF faced a high membership turnover. In 1977, Walker described its membership as being "like a bath with both taps running and the plughole empty. Members pour in and pour out." Fielding echoed this, stating that the NF's "stable membership" was lower than the number of people who have "passed

1727:

Preoccupied with security, during the 1970s, the Front created a file of its opponents' names and addresses. To guard its marches, it formed "defence groups"—later called the "Honour Guard"—who often carried makeshift weapons. These marches often took place in areas with high migrant populations to

1689:

During its 1970s, heyday the National Front was headed by its directorate, a body of between seven and 20 party members. With strict control over local and regional organisations, the directorate determined party policy, controlled its structures and finances, oversaw admissions and expulsions, and

1309:

During its first decade, the party emphasised the claim that it was the politicians who enabled immigration—rather than migrants themselves—who were to blame. In 1969, it stated: "Your enemies are not the coloured immigrants, but the British government which let them come in hundreds of thousands."

1081:

According to Thurlow, the members of the "Populist" faction that challenged the ex-GBM faction's dominance in the late 1970s were "pseudo-Conservative racial populists", representing the party's "non-fascist and ostensibly more democratic element". After Tyndall and Webster were ousted and replaced

2094:

it received 8.2% and in the 1973 West Bromwich by-election it received 16%, the first time that the party saved its electoral deposit. In the February 1974 election, 54 of its candidates averaged 3.3% of the vote, while in the October 1974 election, 90 candidates averaged 3.1%. In the October 1974

1952:

Fielding believed that some of the membership were "motivated by a search for community and reassurance in a world they find difficult to understand". For some, joining the NF was a psychological act of defiance against society, while many joined because friends and relatives had done so. Fielding

1022:

It is interesting that the NF has tried to develop a 'two-track' strategy. On the one hand it follows an opportunistic policy of attempting to present itself as a respectable political party appealing by argument and peaceful persuasion for the support of the British electorate. On the other, its

1706:

and 5 branches and 22 groups elsewhere in the south-east. It had 5 branches and 3 groups in the Midlands, 7 branches and 11 groups in the north, 1 branch and 7 groups in western Britain and 1 group each in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Each branch or group had its own five-person committee, with

1298:

The NF upholds the wish of the majority of the British people for Britain to remain a White country and for this reason opposes all coloured immigration into Britain. It further advocates the repatriation, by the most humane means possible, of those coloured immigrants already here, together with

1927:

No adequate sociological sampling of NF members took place, but interviews with members were conducted during the 1970s by Taylor, Fielding and Billig. Max Hanna noted that as of 1973, most NF members were "from the skilled working class and lower-middle class" but with variation among branches.

1645:

In the 1970s the NF claimed that the teaching profession was full of "communists", and stated that under an NF government all teachers deemed unsuitable would be fired. That decade, it stressed that education should be suited to the varying abilities of students although did not outright condemn

1180:

Fielding believed that the "dialectic of insiders and outsiders" was the "linchpin of its ideology", and noted that the NF's "rigid boundaries between in-group and out-group" were typical of the far-right. In its 1974 electoral manifesto, the NF called for a "vigorous birth-rate" among the white

651:

ministers. While Chesterton was holidaying in South Africa, a faction led by Gordon Brown—formerly of Tyndall's GBM—launched a leadership challenge against him. On realising that his support was weak, Chesterton resigned. He was succeeded by John O'Brien in February 1971. Frustrated that Tyndall

584:

The NF's first year was marked by a power struggle between the ex-LEL and ex-BNP factions. The former were unhappy with the behaviour of ex-BNP members, such as their propensity for political chanting, while the ex-BNP faction criticised Chesterton's elitist pretensions. At the invitation of the

1375:

Many of the Front's central members, among them Chesterton, Tyndall and Webster, had long histories of antisemitism before joining the party. For instance, in 1963, Tyndall claimed that "Jewry is a world pest wherever it is found in the world today. The Jews are more clever and more financially

817:

variant of Nazism – secured control of the party's directorate and suspended the membership of their opponents. Their focus was not on electoral success but on developing an activist elite consisting largely of working-class urban youths; its supporters became known as "Political Soldiers". The

792:

to join the NF, as well as allegations that Webster had been making sexual advances toward the party's young men. In October 1979 he urged the NF directorate to call for Webster's resignation, but was refused. Tyndall resigned in January 1980, complaining of a "foul stench of perversion" in the

725:'s election as chairman, with Tyndall demoted to vice chair. Growing strife between the Tyndallites and Populists broke out; Read and the executive committee suspended Tyndall and nine of his supporters from the directorate, before expelling Tyndall from the party. Tyndall took the issue to the 1569:

The NF adopted a strong stance against liberal and socially permissive policies, claiming that what it perceived as the growing permissiveness of British society was orchestrated by the Jewish conspiracy. Tyndall called for a moral "regeneration" penetrating "every sphere of work and leisure",

1854:

as its flagship band. In 1983 the NF launched a record label, White Noise Records, which became an important source of revenue for several years. The RAC had difficulty finding venues willing to stage its concerts and in 1984 got around this by staging its first large open-air concert at the

1787:

headquarters was hit by an arson attack; the slogan "NF Rules OK" was graffitied on the building. The NF denied responsibility. The party's leadership showed little concern with the violence of its members and supporters, and openly praised some of its members convicted for violent activity.

1886:

The National Front was not open about its finances, but often stressed that it was short of funds. It is likely that in its heyday, it had just enough money to pay for its two full-time officials, three head office secretaries and party expenses. Its central funds came from several sources:

1068:

As with many political extremists, the image the NF presented to the public was more moderate than the ideology of its inner core of members. As noted by Billig, the NF's "ideological core and its genocidal tendencies, are hidden" so as not to scare off potential recruits sympathetic to its

670:

I do not believe that the survival of the white man will be found through the crest of political respectability because I believe that respectability today means one thing, it means your preparedness to be a lackey of the establishment ... I don't want respectability if that is what

2669:

By the late 1960s, the National Front was "the principal electoral force" on the British far-right, and still dominated that scene at the start of the 1980s. By 1977, the NF was England's fourth largest political party in terms of electoral support, a level of success which—according to

1242:

carried articles maintaining that black Africans had lower average IQs than whites and thus were unfit "to go to white schools" or "live in white society". Its published material presented black people as dirty and unhygienic, infected with disease and incapable of governing themselves.

2686:

often sought good relations with police to ensure protection of NF events. While the party acknowledged sympathy for its views among the lower ranks of the police, it maintained that the police hierarchy was part of the conspiracy against it. During the 1970s, the party had cells among

2754:' own anti-fascist organisation were formed. Taylor noted that by the end of 1977, an "unprecedented range of groups from almost every section of British society spreading right across the political spectrum had declared an intention to oppose the NF and the racism upon which it fed". 883:—until 1990. In contrast to the Strasserite NF's increased centralisation, the Flag Group gave autonomy to its branches, focusing on local issues. Following the NF's declining vote share in the late 1970s, both groups had effectively abandoned interest in electoral participation. 1887:

membership dues, the sale of its publications, donations, and lotteries. Donations were requested at rallies and meetings, and also provided by wealthy supporters, some from abroad. Branches were expected to finance their own candidates in election campaigns, raising funds from

1326:(NHS), and that incompetent migrant staff were detrimental to the NHS. It claimed that immigrants evaded taxes and that they were arrogant, aggressive and unhygienic in the workplace. It maintained that blacks were a source of crime, and that black pupils eroded school quality. 911:

governments, presenting them as part of a global anti-capitalist and anti-Marxist third force; they may have also seen Libya and Iran as potential sources of funding. This new ideology alienated many NF members. The Official NF experienced internal problems and in 1989 Griffin,

1944:

Fielding found that NF members were sensitive to ideas that they were "fascistic" or "cranky", instead regarding themselves as "patriots" or "nationalists". He noted that race was the main issue that led members to join the Front, that they perceived their racial ideas to be

2095:

general election, the Front gained over twenty-five times as many votes as the BUF had gained at any election; this suggested that "politically speaking", fascism was "far stronger" in 1970s Britain than in 1930s Britain, the only European country where this was the case.

2008:

found that while most white residents thought the immigration rate too high, many related positive relationships with Afro-Caribbean and Asian migrants and opposed the NF. Some mocked the Front, although were cautious about doing so publicly, fearing violent retaliation.

1130:

party, the NF's concept of nationalism was bound up with that of race. NF members typically referred to themselves as "racialists", with Durham stating that the NF was "undeniably a racist organisation". The party claimed that humanity divides into biologically distinct

2736:

adopted a "no platform" policy regarding the NF, while the Labour Party forbade its candidates from sharing public platforms, radio, or television slots with NF candidates. 120 Labour-controlled councils banned the party from using local municipal halls. Labour and the

1956:

During the 1970s, the NF attempted to attract youth through new sub-groups. Many young people attracted to the group may have done so as a form of youthful rebellion, enjoying the "shock value" that membership offered; in this they had similarities with the late 1970s

1711:

This was linked to the idea that each NF member should be a "political soldier", a "New Type of Man" who rejected the "materialist nightmare" of contemporary capitalist society and underwent a personal "Spiritual Revolution" to dedicate themselves fully to the nation.

1346:, this achieved, "the Jewish nation would be the only surviving ethnically identifiable population group amid a mongrelised world population", the latter being easier for Jews to control. This conspiracy theory owed much to the 19th-century Russian antisemitic forgery 1850:. Tyndall and other senior NF members liked the opportunity for expanding party membership that RAC offered them, but were concerned that associations with the skinhead subculture would damage the NF's image. After Tyndall left the party, in 1982 RAC was revived with 1953:

suggested that the NF's moral indignation regarding perceived slackers and anti-social elements had particular appeal for upper working and lower middle-class Britons because these were the sectors of society which felt that they worked hardest for the least reward.

1978:

The NF's electoral support was overwhelmingly urban and English, with little support in rural parts of England or in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. According to Walker, the 1974 election results suggested that the NF's electoral heartlands were in London's

1492:

members should be interned and that those guilty of sabotage or murder should be executed. In the early 1970s it alleged that the Irish Republic was harbouring republican militants, "an act of war" that required trade sanctions. In that decade the NF endorsed the

632:, an appeal against non-white immigration into Britain. Although Powell proposed more moderate measures for expelling migrants than the NF, his use of language was similar to theirs, and some individuals on the right-wing of the Conservatives defected to the NF. 741:

In February 1976, Tyndall was restored as the NF leader. The party then capitalised on public anger at the government's agreement to accept Malawian Asian refugees, and held demonstrations against their arrival. After a resurgence in fortunes in London at the

1414:

was "bogus democracy" and declared that it would forge "a genuinely democratic political system", utilising referendums on major issues. In making claims such as that "true democracy is that which is representative of the will of the people", the NF espoused

681:

Tyndall became party chairman in July 1972, centralising the NF's activities at a new Croydon headquarters. According to Thurlow, under Tyndall the NF attempted to "convert racial populists" angry about immigration "into fascists". In his history of fascism,

2598:, the party averaged 10% of the vote in the boroughs of Haringey, Islington, Brent, Southwark and Lewisham, while its best result was in Hounslow. In the April 1976 council elections, the NF boosted its vote in many towns, securing 21% of the vote in 1199:, calling for the improvement of the quality as well as the quantity of the white British people. Under Tyndall, it called for the sterilisation of those with genetically transmittable disabilities. By 2011, the party's website was utilising the 1371:

stated that "the twin evils of International Finance and International Communism" are "perhaps better described as International Zionism". Fielding observed that party members used the term "Zionist" indiscriminately, often against any critics.

1231:—typically referring to the latter as "mongrelisation"—and displayed particular anxiety about black men seducing white women. It claimed its racial prejudice arose from a natural desire for racial preservation rather than hatred of other races. 1570:

including prohibitions on "art, literature or entertainment by which public moral standards might be endangered". Although placing little importance on religion, during the 1970s, the party claimed that God had set forth absolute moral values.

2712:

Major social and political groups largely ignored the NF's rise, hoping that depriving it of publicity would hasten its decline, although Jewish and leftist groups took a more proactive approach to opposing it. Leftist approaches varied: the

2657:, when Timothy Knowles was elected without opposition. On failing to attend council meetings, he was ejected from the council several months later. In October 2015, the NF chairman David MacDonald was elected to Garthdee Community Council in 1662:, stating that it wanted to end the perception of the UK as a "loafer's paradise". From its early years the NF promoted a tough stance on law and order, calling for harsher criminal sentencing, tougher prisons, and the reintroduction of both 2670:

Thurlow—"testified to the significance" of the immigration issue in 1970s British politics. Along with Tyndall's BNP, the NF was the most significant far-right group in Britain in the second half of the 20th century, according to Durham.

1352:, and was previously articulated by the BUF. Whereas the BUF explicitly claimed Jews were behind this global conspiracy, the NF were aware of considerable public disapproval of antisemitism following the Holocaust so used code-words and 1367:" was not used in the commonly understood manner, which is to describe the ideology promoting the formation of a Jewish state, but rather applied to the alleged Jewish cabal secretly manipulating the world. For instance, one issue of 2048:

It was only when... some members of the 'dominant' group who perceived themselves to be under 'attack' felt that the Conservative Party had betrayed their interests, that the extreme right was able to emerge with widespread support.

551:

Chesterton agreed to a merger of the LEL and BNP, and a faction of the RPS decided to join them. Chesterton and the BNP agreed that Tyndall's GBM would not be invited to join their new party because of its strong associations with

1751:

The Front claimed that its members only resorted to violence in self-defence, although in the 1970s Fielding observed the group using force "aggressively". Fielding believed the most notable violent clash involving the NF was the

1168:

was deemed essential to the cohesion of the British nation, with nationalism regarded as a vital component of patriotism. Members regarded themselves as patriots, and the party made heavy use of British patriotic symbols like the

874:

The Strasserites described themselves as "radical, youthful and successful", contrasting their approach with the "out-dated conservative policies" of their internal opponents. These opponents then formed a rival organisation, the

2617:

The NF made gains in the 1977 Greater London Council elections, where it contested all but one seat. Its 91 GLC candidates gained 120,000 votes, over twice the total that the party had accrued in the whole of England in 1974. In

1141:

The essential facet of nationalism in the NF ideology is the belief that Britain forms an entity that cannot be dismantled without irreparable harm and that the maintenance of British culture requires the exclusion of outsiders.

1045:—represented "the direct descendants of classical fascism". The political psychologist Michael Billig notes that the NF displayed many of fascism's recurring traits: an emphasis on nationalism and racism, an anti-Marxist stance, 706:. It contested six times as many seats as in 1970, averaging a vote share of 3.2%, slightly less than in 1970. By the mid-1970s, the NF's membership had stagnated and in several areas declined; all of its 90 candidates for the 1313:

The NF linked other issues to race and immigration, targeting concerns among the white British about immigrants being competition for jobs, housing and welfare. Common NF claims included that immigrants carried diseases like

464:

After the BNP, the NF has been the most successful far-right group in British politics since the Second World War. During its history, it has established sub-groups such as a trade unionist association, a youth group and the

8320: 559:

In October 1966, the LEL and BNP established a working committee to determine what policies they could agree on. The committee's initial policy platform revolved around opposition to Britain's political establishment,

334:, rapidly increasing its membership and vote share in the urban areas of east London and northern England. Its public profile was raised through street marches and rallies, which often resulted in violent clashes with 585:

ex-BNP faction, in June 1967, Tyndall discontinued the GBM and called on its members to join the NF. Despite his own earlier commitment to keep Tyndall out, Chesterton welcomed him into the party. Tyndall's magazine,

1657:

The Front exalted self-sufficiency, asserting that the individual should be willing to serve the state and that citizens' rights should be subordinate to their duties. During the 1970s, the Front criticised the UK's

886:

Reflecting the Nouvelle Droite's influence, the Strasserite Official NF promoted support for "a broad front of racialists of all colours" who were seeking an end to multi-racial society and capitalism, praising

2745:

called for the government to ban the party. Far-left and left-wing activists demonstrated outside NF meetings, encouraging landlords to bar the NF from using their premises, and sometimes assaulted NF members.

818:

Strasserites officially reformulated their party along a centralised cadre system at the November 1986 AGM. Their ideology was influenced by their strong links with members of an Italian fascist militia, the

2016:

found that 8% of those polled were likely to vote for the Front, reflecting "strong support amongst the working class, the young and the poorly educated". This survey found that support was strongest in the

1961:

movement. Ryan Shaffer stated that the party's shift away from traditional campaigning during the 1980s and its growing affiliation with neo-Nazi youth groups restricted its appeal to "mostly young people".

1284:. In citing these studies, the party claimed that its views were scientific, although Fielding observed that the NF's racial views relied "as much on blind assertion, on faith, as on 'scientific' sources". 480:

communities in northern England and east London. The NF has generated vocal opposition from left-wing and anti-fascist groups throughout its history, and NF members are prohibited from various professions.

8373: 1441:

Under its Strasserite leadership during the 1980s, the NF adopted a different position on governance, influenced heavily by the Third International Theory propounded by Libya's leader Muammar Gaddafi in

1487:

a communist conspiracy to undermine British unity. The NF argued that the UK had been too soft in dealing with militant Irish republicans; it argued that military courts should replace civil ones, that

784:

Although Tyndall and Webster had been longstanding comrades, in the late 1970s Tyndall began to blame his old friend for the party's problems. Tyndall was upset with Webster's attempts to encourage

864:

In 1983, the National Front was taken over by a faction led by Nick Griffin (left) and Joe Pearce (right), who were then followers of "Strasserism", the "left Nazism" of German fascist ideologue

1223:

was natural and ordained by God, but that non-whites had been encouraged to migrate to Britain and other white-majority countries to breed with the indigenous inhabitants and thus bring about "

1419:

rhetoric. Fielding nevertheless believed that "the essence of the NF ideology is incompatible with democracy" and instead reflected an "elitist tendency" at odds with its "populist rhetoric".

2653:—originally elected uncontested as a BNP candidate in 2008—defected to the NF. By 2011 he was no longer on the council. In 2011 the NF gained a representative on Langley Parish Council in 1061:—also contested elections. In avoiding the "fascist" label, the NF was typical of fascist groups operating after the Second World War; having to contend with the legacy of the war and the 805:

After Tyndall's departure, Andrew Brons became party chair, with Webster remaining as National Activities Organiser. Webster was ousted from all paid positions in 1983 by a faction led by

10803: 759:

It should be the pride of all NF members to be called extremists and not only that – it should be a matter of guilt to any person opposed to the Left that he is not labelled as extreme.

9438: 1728:

instil fear in the latter, whip up racial tensions and generate publicity. These tactics have continued into more recent times. Local authorities sometimes banned its marches; in 2012,

976:, a neo-Nazi paramilitary which had been founded by Tyndall's BNP before breaking from the latter. The Front continued to organise rallies, several of which were banned by successive 1983:

and inner north-east suburbs. He noted that it gained much support from "respectable working-class" areas, where many traditional Labour voters were attracted by its racial appeals.

8328: 1033:

A far-right or extreme-right party, the NF has both commonalities and differences with older far-right groups. Political scientists and historians characterise it as fascist, or

698:

it gained 16% of the vote, passing the 10% mark in a parliamentary election for the first time, something that brought greater media coverage. 54 candidates were fielded at the

1501:

proscribed it as "a neo-Nazi movement". In 1985 – by which time Strasserites dominated the party – the NF called on Northern Ireland to declare independence in response to the

500:

The National Front began as a coalition of small far-right groups active on the fringes of British politics during the 1960s. The resolve to unite them came in early 1966 from

8342: 2090:. In the 1970 general election, the NF fielded ten candidates and averaged 3.6% of the vote share in those constituencies. It did better in subsequent by-elections; in the 8747: 729:, where his expulsion was declared illegal. In frustration at their inability to eject Tyndall and the Tyndallites, Read and his supporters split from the NF to form the 397:

of the United Kingdom. The NF calls for an end to non-white migration into the UK and for settled non-white Britons to be stripped of their citizenship and deported. A

10788: 1219:. It argued that different races can be ranked hierarchically based on differing abilities, and that the "higher races" compete for world domination. It believed that 8290: 1986:

Examining the party's East End support, the sociologist Christopher T. Husbands argued that NF support was not evenly distributed across the area, but constrained to

721:'s leadership. They were frustrated that the NF's directorate was dominated by former BNP and GBM members and believed that Tyndall remained a neo-Nazi. They ensured 2682:

also argued that the NF helped tilt British politics to the right, encouraging the Conservatives to take a harder stance on immigration under Thatcher's leadership.

608:. In 1968, Chesterton's leadership was unsuccessfully challenged by Fountaine, who then left the party. There were further internal arguments after its lease on its 350:(BNP). Many NF members defected to Tyndall's BNP, contributing to a substantial decline in the Front's electoral support. During the 1980s, the NF split in two; the 10843: 303:. Founded in 1967, it reached the height of its electoral support during the mid-1970s, when it was briefly England's fourth-largest party in terms of vote share. 612:

headquarters ended. Ex-LEL members wanted another base in central London, while the ex-GBM and ex-BNP factions favoured moving into the GBM's old headquarters in

2559: 2534: 1908:

The Front refused to disclose the number of members that it had. Thurlow suggested that "the most reliable estimates" were produced by the anti-fascist magazine

8365: 1110:

party; its early policy statements declared that it "pledged to work for the restoration of full national sovereignty for Britain in all affairs". It rejected

983:

A 2010 High Court ruling forced the BNP to remove a clause from its constitution prohibiting non-white membership, leading to defections to the NF. After the

9487: 2099: 1679: 944:

The National Front cooperated with the North West Infidels and South East Alliance, groups that splintered from the English Defence League (rally depicted).

9881: 2590:

Although performing better in local elections than general ones, the NF never won a local council seat. In October 1969, two Conservative councillors on

1619:— a society that instils into its young people from the cradle that nothing worthwhile is ever achieved, either by individuals or by nations, except by 589:—originally sold as "an organ of National Socialist opinion in Britain"—dropped its open neo-Nazism and backed the NF, eventually becoming the party's 10798: 10778: 10768: 1082:

by Brons and Anderson, a new faction took control whose members regarded themselves as Strasserite, drawing inspiration from German Nazi Party members

1258:

publications. Its booklist offered academic and quasi-academic books endorsing scientific racism; early party literature often referenced the work of

2781: 1780: 10793: 9819: 653: 426: 284: 8240: 1581:

stated that the NF saw "the feminine role as principally one of wife, mother and home maker". In the party's first year, it largely ignored the

746:, when the party improved on its October 1974 general election result, further marches were planned in the city. These included a march through 10783: 10773: 1775:

There have also been actions where covert NF involvement was suspected but not proven. For instance, in 1974, several men put up NF posters in

1537:

policies, advocating the state control of banking and financial services, and calling for a state bank to provide interest-free loans to fund

1136:

can be found "nations", a form of "race within a race"; many party activists nevertheless used the terms "race" and "nation" interchangeably.

10823: 9445: 2742: 2186: 1796:

The NF formed various sub-groups. In 1974, it launched the NF Trade Unionists Association, and issued a short-lived trade unionist magazine,

1160:

were condemned as threats to British racial unity. It viewed class as a false distinction among the British nation, rejecting the concept of

699: 10688: 9799: 9410: 2216: 2002:. He noted that in these urban strongholds, "only a minority" of white residents sympathised with the NF. A 1978 survey in the East End by 1356:

such as "Money Power", "internationalist", "cosmopolitan", "alien", "rootless", "shifty", "money-lenders" and "usurers" instead of "Jews".

707: 1859:

home of Nick Griffin's parents. Later in the 1980s, Skrewdriver broke from the NF to establish its own far-right music promotion network,

9050:

Richardson, John E. (2011). "Race and Racial Difference: The Surface and Depth of BNP Ideology". In Nigel Copsey; Graham Macklin (eds.).

2733: 1670:. Emphasising self-responsibility, it rejected the idea that an individual's misdeeds should be attributed to their societal background. 252: 1396:

When the Strasserite faction took control of the National Front in the 1980s, it based its views of a future government on the ideas in

8221: 1974:

During its 1970s heyday, one of the strongest areas of National Front support was Bethnal Green (pictured), part of London's East End.

9684: 4511: 1813:. In 1978 it launched the Young National Front (YNF): membership was restricted to 14 to 25 years olds. The YNF issued a newsletter, 8350: 1809:. The NF Student Association initially tried recruiting students at universities, but later refocused attention towards schools and 10236: 9552: 9020:

Husbands, Christopher T. (1988). "Extreme Right-Wing Politics in Great Britain: The Recent Marginalisation of the National Front".

299:, although it gained a small number of local councillors through defections and it has had a few of its representatives elected to 10663: 9492: 4571: 1872: 9396: 10818: 10206: 10051: 10005: 9794: 9543: 2626: 1719: 1195:

views about expanding British territory to create "living space" for the country's growing population. The party also promoted

908: 17: 1934:

members at branch level are those drawn from the lower middle-class and the few remaining elderly upper middle-class members.

1234:

The NF claimed that most non-white racial groups were inferior to "Caucasoids and Mongoloids". In the mid-1970s, Tyndall used

434: 10186: 10081: 9856: 9482: 9222: 9203: 9184: 9059: 9010: 8798:

Durham, Martin (1995) . "Women and the British Extreme Right". In Luciano Cheles; Ronnie Ferguson; Michalina Vaughan (eds.).

2699: 2103: 369:

Ideologically positioned on the extreme right or far-right of British politics, the NF has been characterised as fascist or

10813: 10683: 10497: 9759: 9467: 9391: 8298: 8265: 2469: 2441: 2413: 2385: 2357: 2329: 2301: 2273: 2245: 2155: 2111: 2072: 998: 969: 965: 774: 770: 743: 569: 2594:

Council—Athlene O'Connell and Peter Mitchell—defected to the Front, but returned to the Conservatives in December. In the

1603:

To survive, we've got to become a virile and competitive society. We've got to be a society that demands from its members

1238:

to claim that "the negro has a smaller brain and a much less complex cerebral structure" than whites; in the early 1980s,

9764: 9477: 1541:

construction. These economic views were common across Britain's far-right, being akin, for example, to those of the BUF.

1494: 1010: 961: 711: 640: 636: 469:

musical organisation. Only whites are permitted membership of the party, and in its heyday most of its support came from

363: 9401: 10833: 10462: 10196: 10106: 9472: 9319: 9291: 9128: 8939: 8899: 8880: 8832: 8788: 8736: 1919:

faction at about 600. Even at its 1970s peak, the Front's membership was half that of the BUF during its 1930s heyday.

1723:

Plaque memorialising the "Battle of Lewisham" in which anti-fascist protesters combatted a National Front march in 1977

1335: 490: 1152:

The NF claimed the existence of a distinct British racial "nation", all the members of which shared common interests;

10577: 10267: 9970: 9839: 8813: 1489: 957: 537: 327: 10342: 1736:'s birthday. The NF also disrupted anti-fascist and mainstream political meetings. In 1975, NF activists attacked a 1376:

powerful than other people and have to be eradicated before they destroy the Aryan peoples." In an early edition of

10587: 10557: 10302: 10086: 9779: 9774: 9704: 9679: 9576: 2714: 2115: 1764:

groups attacked the NF marchers, resulting in the "Battle of Lewisham". In April 1979, an anti-NF demonstration in

1444: 1398: 1342:

that Jews did this to plunge other "higher races" in disarray so that they would be left dominant. As mentioned in

1224: 657: 406: 292: 9338:

Whiteley, Paul (1980). "A Comment on 'The Incidence of Coloured Populations and Support for the National Front'".

10838: 10678: 10487: 10422: 9899: 9789: 9664: 1348: 846: 838:, a French far-right movement that advocated long-term strategies of cultural influence to achieve their goals. 671:

respectability means, preparedness to surrender my own race, to hell with respectability if that is what it is.

377:. Different factions have dominated the party at different times, each with its own ideological bent, including 9955: 1582: 695: 10477: 10407: 9694: 6964: 2718: 2625:

In 2010, the NF gained its first elected representative in 35 years after John Gamble, a local councillor on

1360: 921: 548:(GBM). Although everyone agreed with the idea of unification, personal rivalries made the process difficult. 529: 319: 115: 10808: 10763: 9919: 9744: 9606: 9509: 9431: 2726: 2591: 953: 917: 639:

and averaged a poll of 8%, although a few secured over 10%. The party focused on these latter seats in the

130: 8706:

Baker, David L. (1985). "A. K. Chesterton, the Strasser Brothers and the Politics of the National Front".

2789: 1164:

as "nonsense", and—like most fascist groups—tried to attract support across class boundaries. For the NF,

10572: 10412: 10402: 10010: 9834: 9621: 9566: 8970:

Harrop, Martin; England, Judith; Husbands, Christopher T. (1980). "The Bases of National Front Support".

2751: 2722: 2595: 1465: 1132: 1111: 929: 819: 533: 257: 9245:

Whiteley, Paul (1979). "The National Front Vote in the 1977 GLC Elections: An Aggregate Data Analysis".

4545: 1878:

Northern Ireland. In England, its support clustered along the South Coast and in London and Birmingham.

960:

attempted to escape the negative associations of the name "National Front" by renaming the party as the

330:

became the Front's chairman in 1972. Under Tyndall's leadership it capitalised on growing concern about

9814: 9749: 9616: 9591: 9536: 2642: 1801: 1498: 1095: 505: 315: 247: 120: 10552: 10467: 10046: 10015: 9784: 9719: 9636: 9631: 9581: 2107: 2091: 1753: 1557: 1042: 730: 703: 644: 513: 339: 311: 2708:

The Rock Against Racism movement was established in order to combat the National Front in the 1970s.

10612: 10607: 10532: 10417: 9945: 9940: 9739: 9689: 9329:

Scott, D. (1975). "The National Front in Local Politics: Some Interpretations". In I. Crewe (ed.).

3266: 2690:. By 2011, both the prison service and police had forbidden their employees from being NF members. 2030: 1737: 1526: 1181:

British, claiming that any ensuing overpopulation of the UK could be resolved by emigration to the

913: 545: 442: 362:

stance before disbanding in 1990. In 1995, the Flag NF's leadership transformed the party into the

323: 10648: 10282: 10226: 10211: 9871: 9866: 9824: 9709: 9611: 9138:

Taylor, Stan (1979). "The Incidence of Coloured Populations and Support for the National Front".

3430: 2782:"Yesterday the Directorate appointed me Chairman of the National Front and Jordan Pont as deputy" 1392: 1323: 1182: 1038: 880: 621: 620:. In April 1968, immigration became the foremost political topic in the national media after the 355: 3302: 1970: 1426:, Tyndall stated that although he would support parliamentary democracy if he thought it in the 10698: 10653: 10517: 10292: 10216: 10191: 10041: 10000: 9950: 9929: 9909: 9734: 3781: 3634: 3590: 2026: 1910: 1843: 1479:, advocating for the unity of the United Kingdom. From the late 1960s onward, it supported the 1058: 984: 949: 904: 629: 466: 438: 347: 9069:

Shaffer, Ryan (2013). "The Soundtrack of Neo-Fascism: Youth and Music in the National Front".

8805: 8799: 7219: 6942: 10121: 9980: 9674: 9529: 9232:

Weightman, Gavin; Weir, Stuart (1978). "The National Front and the Young: A Special Survey".

3873: 2729:

favoured direct action to disrupt the NF, holding to the slogan: "No platform for fascists".

1729: 1502: 726: 687:

neo-Nazi past of senior NF members, including photographs of Tyndall wearing a Nazi uniform.

1422:

The NF saw democracy as a luxury that was subordinate to the preservation of the nation. In

516:(BUF) in the 1930s. Over the following months, many far-rightists visited Chesterton at his 10828: 10567: 10522: 10131: 10091: 10071: 9995: 9985: 9975: 9960: 9861: 9844: 9829: 9804: 9729: 9669: 9521: 6355: 3474: 2738: 2673: 1769: 1647: 1457: 1157: 956:

of 1995, in which English far-right hooligans attacked Irish supporters, the NF's chairman

855: 785: 220: 6042: 1842:

and decided to employ similar techniques. In 1979, Pearce—then the YNF leader—established

1838:

The NF observed how the left mobilised anti-fascist support through musical ventures like

1561:

National Front members protesting against growing legal recognition of LGBT rights at the

1049:

and support for private enterprise, and a hostile view of democracy and personal freedom.

8: 10251: 10231: 10176: 10151: 10111: 9769: 9714: 8748:"Why Even Misleading Identity Claims Matter: The Evolution of the English Defence League" 2630: 2013: 1839: 1740:

meeting, with eight people requiring hospitalisation; in another instance they stormed a

1484: 1480: 1353: 1107: 781:

attracted many votes that previously went to the Front. NF membership had also declined.

386: 374: 296: 175: 148: 1565:

march in 2007. The party has tried to protest against various Pride parades in the past.

10714: 10597: 10457: 10201: 9363: 9355: 9270: 9262: 9163: 9155: 9086: 8987: 8983: 8859: 8767: 1980: 1741: 1663: 1522: 1271: 1220: 1127: 972:

general elections, with little success. By 2001, the NF had developed close links with

794: 751: 722: 477: 458: 410: 390: 343: 300: 277: 210: 205: 9111: 4575: 2649:. In 2010, Sam Clayton, a representative for Bilton and Ainsty with Bickerton Ward in 1203:

slogan: "We must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children."

10693: 10632: 10617: 10592: 10272: 10066: 10056: 10031: 9934: 9889: 9809: 9626: 9367: 9315: 9287: 9274: 9218: 9199: 9180: 9167: 9124: 9090: 9055: 9006: 9000: 8991: 8935: 8895: 8876: 8863: 8828: 8809: 8784: 8781:

Contemporary British Fascism: The British National Party and the Quest for Legitimacy

8771: 8732: 3454: 2646: 1860: 1847: 1833:— Skrewdriver, "White Noise", the first song released by the NF's White Noise Records 1538: 1472:, with Britain instead boosting its defensive capabilities through nuclear weaponry. 1427: 1411: 1339: 1280: 1255: 1248: 1212: 1153: 1126:

with its view that nations should have their own distinct values. Labelling itself a

925: 888: 789: 778: 648: 446: 430: 402: 398: 394: 153: 9419:

BBC documentary about the National Front and other far-right groups produced in 1999

8366:"UK's National Front leader Dave MacDonald is elected to Aberdeen community council" 4320: 3614: 10627: 10622: 10377: 10332: 10241: 10156: 10116: 10061: 9904: 9571: 9347: 9254: 9147: 9107: 9078: 9029: 8979: 8958: 8918: 8851: 8759: 8715: 3022: 2721:

mobilised the labour movement against racism to diffuse the NF's appeal, while the

2087: 1784: 1667: 1476: 1456:

Regarding international institutions as part of the Jewish conspiracy's plan for a

1381: 1263: 823: 573: 521: 501: 422: 307: 82: 10452: 8962: 8922: 8719: 8620: 7049: 6628: 5139: 3510: 1800:. During the 1970s, it encouraged members to infiltrate other groups, such as the 1760:, was killed. Another prominent clash took place in Lewisham in August 1977, when 1363:"; it claimed to oppose "Zionists" rather than all Jews. Within the NF, the word " 10673: 10658: 10582: 10537: 10367: 10307: 10136: 9601: 9082: 8855: 4488: 4472: 3805: 3410: 1958: 1651: 1627:. We've got to dedicate ourselves to producing, as we used to, young men who are 1435: 1403: 1216: 1174: 1123: 1091: 1087: 991: 892: 835: 509: 281: 138: 7402: 3686: 1744:

meeting discussing the transition to black-majority rule in Rhodesia, chanting "

10602: 10562: 10542: 10347: 10277: 10246: 10221: 9990: 9851: 7172: 5390: 4102: 2687: 1703: 1461: 1200: 1161: 977: 964:. A small faction broke away to retain the National Front name, contesting the 827: 691: 604:

The party held its first annual conference in October 1967; it was picketed by

561: 541: 525: 359: 185: 9415: 9351: 9258: 9151: 9033: 5705: 4617: 1090:. This faction embraced the Third Position ideology and drew inspiration from 932:. This left the Flag Group as the only party using the National Front banner. 10757: 10742: 10507: 10482: 10472: 10442: 10427: 10382: 10362: 10297: 10287: 10181: 10166: 10161: 10141: 10101: 10096: 10076: 9894: 9641: 9596: 8763: 5343: 3909: 2603: 2098:

In 1977 the NF contested three by-elections, gaining 5.2% of the vote in the

2018: 1987: 1757: 1659: 1595: 1590: 1530: 1267: 1228: 1083: 1053:

was obsolete, for many earlier fascist parties—including the BUF, the German

896: 865: 826:. Like the NAR, the NF Strasserites emphasised the far-right ideology of the 810: 683: 473: 470: 414: 331: 8949:

Hanna, Max (1974). "The National Front and Other Right-Wing Organizations".

2078:

in British politics, the first time a far-right party gained so many votes.

10668: 10437: 10432: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10337: 10312: 10171: 10146: 6226: 4452: 2704: 2619: 2034: 1946: 1888: 1733: 1574: 1562: 1545: 1319: 1259: 988: 806: 625: 617: 605: 418: 335: 195: 190: 61: 7886: 7874: 6711: 5097: 1254:

The NF sought academic support for its views, placing great importance on

10527: 10512: 10502: 10492: 10447: 10357: 10352: 10327: 10322: 10317: 10126: 9586: 9002:

Racial Exclusionism and the City: The Urban Support of the National Front

8842:

Durham, Martin (2012). "The British Extreme Right and Northern Ireland".

7898: 2022: 2004: 1851: 1745: 1359:

In the 1970s the NF denied it was "antisemitic", instead calling itself "

1192: 1034: 814: 797:(NNF), which claimed that a third of the NF's membership defected to it. 718: 609: 454: 382: 370: 288: 180: 143: 45: 9042: 7864: 7862: 6026: 5493: 4127: 4125: 2844: 2842: 1693: 1544:

After the Strasserite faction took control in the 1980s, the NF adopted

997:

The NF has not put forward a single candidate in any election since the

10547: 10372: 10036: 9754: 9724: 9646: 8909:

Fielding, Nigel (1981b). "Ideology, Democracy and the National Front".

8400: 6965:"National Front bid to march on Hitler's birthday in Aberdeen rejected" 6648: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6430: 4011: 2825: 2823: 2654: 2633:. In 2011 he was removed for failure to attend meetings in six months. 1999: 1991: 1810: 1761: 1534: 1514: 1187: 1170: 1165: 1115: 1054: 876: 616:. Chesterton backed the ex-LEL position, and offered a small office in 613: 553: 351: 170: 9423: 9359: 9266: 9159: 5887: 5828: 1779:, assaulted individuals they accused of being Jewish and attacked the 750:

in August 1977, where clashes with anti-fascists became known as the "

694:

refugees in 1972, resulting in rapid growth of its membership. At the

10737: 9924: 9913: 9699: 9406: 8078: 7859: 7847: 7561: 7453: 7386: 6895: 6526: 5749: 5721: 4405: 4122: 3841: 2839: 2650: 2607: 1518: 1119: 1062: 1037:, with the historian Martin Durham stating that the NF—like France's 973: 9331:

British Political Sociology Yearbook, Volume 2: The Politics of Race

8667: 7437: 6695: 6679: 6571: 6090: 5626: 5586: 5287: 4836: 4391: 4389: 4193: 4160: 2820: 1783:

bookshop. The local NF branch denied involvement. In June 1978, the

773:, the NF contested more seats than any insurgent party since Labour 10721: 7780: 6198: 6130: 4456: 2741:(TUC) helped mobilise the trade union movement against the NF; the 2658: 2599: 1776: 1765: 1586: 1497:, but many Ulster Unionists were suspicious of the NF; in 1973 the 1416: 1196: 747: 565: 450: 378: 8539: 8014: 7481: 6182: 6062: 5856: 5426: 5113: 4661: 3968: 3706: 3121: 3105: 2905: 2110:. In the Birmingham Stechford by-election, followed by another in 714:

they fielded 60 candidates, far fewer than in previous elections.

7509: 6370: 5303: 4386: 3857: 3825: 3753: 3737: 3670: 2804: 2611: 1856: 1364: 1315: 1046: 831: 517: 8804:(second ed.). London and New York: Longman Group. pp. 5410: 4292: 3190: 3006: 1995: 1065:, they tried to hide their intellectual pedigrees from voters. 830:, which they presented as being opposed to both capitalism and 596: 3929: 3230: 1227:" through assimilation. It opposed inter-racial marriage and 952:(BNP) as Britain's foremost far-right movement. Following the 920:. In March 1990 the Official NF was disbanded by its leaders, 717:

A faction known as the "Populists" emerged in the party under

7946: 7820: 2895: 2893: 1521:, advocating an economic system drawing on both. It endorsed 1278:

and other NF publications repeatedly cited articles from the

1015: 928:

and David Kerr, who replaced it with a new organisation, the

800: 9551: 7311: 7088: 7030: 6991: 6382: 4802: 4800: 656:, O'Brien and his supporters ultimately left the NF for the 10804:

Organisations that oppose LGBT rights in the United Kingdom

9312:

Ideology of Obsession: A. K. Chesterton and British Fascism

9121:

The Radical Right in Britain: Social Imperialism to the BNP

8729:

Fascists: A Social Psychological View of the National Front

8640: 8469: 8467: 7683: 7681: 7020: 7018: 6781: 6559: 6549: 6547: 6545: 6475: 6473: 6406: 5975: 5939: 5794: 5792: 4947: 4945: 4595: 4593: 1469: 1451: 9407:

Catalogue of Wayne Ashcroft's papers on the National Front

8201: 8177: 8143: 8141: 7977: 7975: 7973: 7922: 7910: 7837: 7835: 7770: 7768: 7741: 7729: 7618: 7584: 7582: 7580: 7549: 7537: 7376: 7374: 7277: 7275: 7250: 7248: 7246: 6871: 6861: 6859: 6810: 6808: 6793: 6769: 6759: 6757: 6290: 6288: 6251: 6249: 6247: 6245: 6214: 6170: 6146: 5877: 5875: 5777: 5614: 5562: 5481: 5457: 5447: 5445: 5380: 5378: 5319: 5275: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5157: 5039: 5037: 5035: 4998: 4996: 3566: 2890: 1817:, and organised a football competition between YNF teams. 1101: 8657: 8655: 8562: 8560: 8558: 8503: 7992: 7990: 6923: 6844: 6832: 6492: 6490: 6488: 6336: 6324: 5552: 5550: 5548: 5229: 5227: 5202: 5200: 4797: 4376: 4374: 4340: 4282: 4280: 4183: 4181: 4179: 3999: 3769: 3144: 3142: 3140: 1939:— Fielding, on the class composition of NF branches, 1981 1251:; at least one article claimed they ate dirt and faeces. 736: 346:. In 1982, Tyndall left the National Front to form a new 9384: 8515: 8491: 8479: 8464: 8165: 7958: 7934: 7717: 7705: 7693: 7678: 7666: 7654: 7642: 7427: 7425: 7112: 7076: 7015: 7003: 6979: 6911: 6820: 6744: 6742: 6727: 6669: 6667: 6616: 6592: 6542: 6514: 6470: 6004: 6002: 5987: 5951: 5927: 5915: 5903: 5804: 5789: 5737: 5693: 5659: 5657: 5173: 5049: 4942: 4920: 4918: 4893: 4891: 4749: 4725: 4689: 4605: 4590: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4355: 4248: 3946: 3944: 3727: 3725: 3206: 3178: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2677:

One variant of the National Front logo used by the party

1702:

in south-east England, with 11 branches and 8 groups in

663: 366:, although a small splinter group retained the NF name. 234: 8932:

New British Fascism: Rise of the British National Party

8428: 8241:"Extremist councillor claimed £25,000 council expenses" 8138: 8114: 8102: 8090: 8066: 8002: 7970: 7832: 7808: 7765: 7753: 7630: 7606: 7577: 7371: 7347: 7335: 7323: 7299: 7287: 7272: 7260: 7243: 7207: 7197: 7195: 6856: 6805: 6754: 6604: 6394: 6285: 6242: 5872: 5602: 5509: 5469: 5442: 5375: 5251: 5185: 5154: 5061: 5032: 5020: 4993: 4981: 4969: 4957: 4930: 4852: 4308: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4214: 4212: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4092: 4090: 4063: 3989: 3987: 3498: 3398: 3386: 3350: 3290: 3071: 3069: 3054: 2994: 2984: 2982: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2926: 2924: 2863: 2861: 1287: 948:

During the 1990s, the NF was eclipsed by Tyndall's new

940: 690:

The NF capitalised on fears surrounding the arrival of

8683: 8652: 8608: 8596: 8584: 8572: 8555: 8452: 8440: 8416: 8388: 8189: 8153: 8126: 8042: 8030: 7987: 7796: 7525: 7497: 7359: 7148: 7136: 7124: 7100: 7064: 6883: 6502: 6485: 6458: 6446: 6418: 6261: 6158: 6118: 6106: 6014: 5844: 5765: 5669: 5574: 5545: 5533: 5331: 5263: 5239: 5224: 5212: 5197: 5073: 5008: 4876: 4864: 4824: 4773: 4737: 4713: 4649: 4526: 4371: 4277: 4236: 4224: 4176: 4051: 3554: 3542: 3137: 2936: 1756:

in June 1974, during which an anti-fascist protester,

834:-oriented socialism. They were also influenced by the 291:, it has never had its representatives elected to the 8969: 8527: 8084: 8054: 7904: 7892: 7880: 7868: 7853: 7594: 7469: 7422: 7160: 6739: 6664: 6312: 6300: 6273: 6078: 5999: 5963: 5816: 5681: 5654: 5521: 5363: 5085: 4915: 4903: 4888: 4761: 4677: 4433: 4421: 4352: 3941: 3722: 3658: 3578: 3530: 3338: 3326: 3218: 3042: 2873: 1680:

Organisation and structure of the National Front (UK)

27:

British fascist and white supremacist political party

7192: 5642: 4812: 4785: 4701: 4637: 4260: 4209: 4141: 4087: 4075: 4039: 4027: 3984: 3956: 3897: 3374: 3362: 3254: 3242: 3166: 3154: 3093: 3081: 3066: 2979: 2948: 2921: 2858: 1846:(RAC), through which the NF held concerts featuring 1329: 600:

A National Front march in Yorkshire during the 1970s

8783:(second ed.). London and New York: Routledge. 6943:"National Front rally in Grantham sees two arrests" 2967: 2505:

EU parliament elections stats of the National Front

1791: 9098:Steed, Michael (1978). "The National Front Vote". 9054:. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 38–61. 9043:The EDL: Britain's 'New Far Right' Social Movement 8222:"Far right councillor axed after missing meetings" 4574:. National Front. 17 November 2015. Archived from 1732:rejected the NF's request to hold a procession on 1513:During the 1970s, the Front identified as neither 1410:During the 1970s, the Front alleged that the UK's 10789:Far-right political parties in the United Kingdom 9052:British National Party: Contemporary Perspectives 9045:(Report). Northampton: University of Northampton. 8266:Harrogate Borough Council Parish Council Election 1191:policy, and under his leadership the NF promoted 1122:, contrasting their internationalist espousal of 813:. In May 1985, this faction – who adhered to the 10755: 9314:. London and New York: Tauris Academic Studies. 9123:. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 8363: 2727:International Socialists/Socialist Workers Party 2636: 2215: 2185: 2100:City of London and Westminster South by-election 1611:. We've got to be a society that encourages the 935: 564:, support for the white minority governments in 10844:Anti-immigration politics in the United Kingdom 9402:BBC 1975: National Front rallies against Europe 652:maintained links with neo-Nazi groups like the 8325:Bilton in Ainsty with Bickerton Parish Council 916:and Colin Todd split from it to establish the 520:apartment to discuss the proposal, among them 9537: 9439: 9231: 7826: 1805:Association, and issued the student magazine 1781:Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist) 1673: 676:— Tyndall's views on electoral respectability 413:and condemning interracial relationships and 10689:Organisation for the Maintenance of Supplies 9411:Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick 8801:The Far Right in Western and Eastern Europe 5140:"Scottish election: National Front profile" 2641:The NF obtained several representatives on 2123:Electoral performance of the National Front 2081: 1387: 822:(NAR), who were hiding in London after the 9544: 9530: 9446: 9432: 9049: 5838: 2498: 1684: 1598:, mixed-race marriages, and prostitution. 1247:featured references to black people being 1147:— Political scientist Nigel Fielding, 1981 1016:Far-right politics, fascism and neo-Nazism 801:Strasserites and the Flag Group: 1983–1990 579: 10799:Nationalist parties in the United Kingdom 10779:Eurosceptic parties in the United Kingdom 10769:1967 establishments in the United Kingdom 9685:British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women 9281: 8908: 8509: 8410: 8291:"BNP councillor joins the National Front" 7648: 6929: 6717: 6701: 6685: 6658: 6638: 6056: 5993: 5981: 5945: 5933: 5909: 5897: 4599: 4572:"New National Front Leadership Announced" 4108: 3696: 3600: 2829: 1573:The party opposed changes to traditional 1460:, the Front opposed UK membership of the 647:show uninvited and in 1969 assaulted two 10237:Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington 9553:Far-right politics in the United Kingdom 9337: 9244: 9196:Fascism in Britain: A History, 1918–1985 9019: 8998: 8889: 8497: 8485: 8473: 8406: 8394: 8207: 8171: 8147: 8108: 8096: 8072: 8024: 8008: 7981: 7964: 7952: 7940: 7841: 7814: 7790: 7774: 7723: 7711: 7699: 7687: 7672: 7660: 7636: 7624: 7567: 7491: 7459: 7447: 7412: 7392: 7380: 7353: 7225: 7213: 7182: 7118: 7094: 7082: 7036: 7024: 7009: 6997: 6985: 6917: 6905: 6865: 6814: 6799: 6787: 6763: 6654: 6634: 6622: 6610: 6598: 6586: 6565: 6553: 6532: 6520: 6479: 6400: 6388: 6376: 6294: 6255: 6236: 6204: 6100: 6072: 6052: 6036: 5957: 5921: 5893: 5881: 5810: 5798: 5759: 5743: 5731: 5715: 5699: 5636: 5620: 5608: 5596: 5568: 5515: 5503: 5487: 5463: 5451: 5436: 5404: 5384: 5297: 5257: 5191: 5167: 5134: 5132: 5067: 5055: 5043: 5026: 5002: 4987: 4975: 4963: 4951: 4936: 4870: 4858: 4846: 4755: 4611: 4314: 4242: 4199: 4166: 4131: 3883: 3484: 3440: 3276: 3115: 2942: 2930: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2703: 2672: 2066: 1969: 1718: 1714: 1692: 1556: 1452:International institutions and relations 1391: 939: 595: 287:. It is currently led by Tony Martin. A 10664:British National Party election results 9453: 9333:. London: Croom Helm. pp. 214–238. 9193: 9068: 9040: 8951:Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 8929: 8870: 8677: 8634: 8630: 8434: 8343:"National Front man loses council seat" 8120: 7759: 7612: 7588: 7571: 7463: 7396: 7341: 7329: 7317: 7305: 7293: 7281: 7266: 7254: 7237: 7050:"A look back at the Battle of Lewisham" 5475: 5123: 4631: 4532: 4509: 4330: 4286: 4230: 4203: 4187: 4170: 4057: 4021: 3978: 3887: 3795: 3716: 3648: 3560: 3548: 3444: 3424: 3320: 3316: 3280: 3148: 3131: 2899: 2884: 2867: 2833: 2814: 2053:— Political scientist Stan Taylor, 1982 1873:Support base of the National Front (UK) 1824:Have they got the white man on the run? 1102:Ethnic nationalism, racism and eugenics 495: 354:retained the older ideology, while the 14: 10794:Holocaust denial in the United Kingdom 10756: 10207:Edward Russell, 26th Baron de Clifford 10052:Hastings Russell, 12th Duke of Bedford 9212: 9177:The National Front in English Politics 9174: 9137: 8894:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 8841: 8822: 8797: 8778: 8745: 8726: 8689: 8673: 8661: 8646: 8626: 8614: 8602: 8590: 8578: 8566: 8549: 8545: 8533: 8521: 8458: 8446: 8422: 8238: 8219: 8195: 8183: 8159: 8132: 8048: 8036: 7996: 7928: 7916: 7802: 7747: 7735: 7600: 7555: 7543: 7531: 7519: 7515: 7503: 7475: 7443: 7431: 7416: 7408: 7365: 7233: 7229: 7178: 7166: 7154: 7142: 7130: 7106: 7070: 6901: 6889: 6877: 6826: 6775: 6748: 6733: 6721: 6705: 6689: 6673: 6642: 6582: 6536: 6508: 6496: 6464: 6452: 6440: 6436: 6424: 6412: 6279: 6267: 6232: 6220: 6208: 6188: 6176: 6164: 6152: 6140: 6136: 6124: 6112: 6096: 6084: 6048: 6032: 6020: 5969: 5866: 5862: 5850: 5834: 5822: 5783: 5771: 5755: 5727: 5711: 5687: 5675: 5663: 5648: 5632: 5592: 5580: 5556: 5539: 5527: 5499: 5420: 5400: 5369: 5357: 5353: 5337: 5325: 5313: 5293: 5281: 5269: 5245: 5233: 5218: 5206: 5179: 5119: 5107: 5103: 5091: 5079: 5014: 4924: 4909: 4897: 4882: 4842: 4830: 4779: 4767: 4743: 4731: 4719: 4707: 4695: 4683: 4671: 4667: 4655: 4643: 4627: 4623: 4411: 4395: 4380: 4326: 4298: 4135: 4116: 4112: 4096: 4081: 4069: 4045: 4033: 4017: 4005: 3993: 3974: 3962: 3950: 3935: 3919: 3915: 3903: 3879: 3863: 3847: 3835: 3831: 3815: 3811: 3791: 3787: 3775: 3759: 3747: 3743: 3731: 3712: 3700: 3692: 3680: 3676: 3664: 3644: 3640: 3624: 3620: 3604: 3596: 3584: 3572: 3536: 3520: 3516: 3504: 3488: 3480: 3464: 3460: 3436: 3420: 3416: 3404: 3392: 3380: 3368: 3356: 3344: 3332: 3312: 3308: 3296: 3272: 3260: 3248: 3236: 3224: 3212: 3200: 3196: 3184: 3172: 3160: 3127: 3111: 3099: 3087: 3075: 3060: 3048: 3032: 3028: 3016: 3012: 3000: 2988: 2961: 2852: 2848: 2810: 2779: 2627:Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council 1828:We ain't gonna take much more of this 1768:clashed with police, resulting in the 1697:One variant of the National Front flag 1215:party, the NF rejected the concept of 737:Tyndall's second leadership: 1976–1982 512:movement, having been a member of the 10784:Fascist parties in the United Kingdom 10774:Political parties established in 1967 10187:Gerard Wallop, 9th Earl of Portsmouth 9525: 9427: 9328: 9309: 9118: 9097: 8948: 8705: 8060: 8020: 7786: 7487: 7201: 7186: 6850: 6838: 6342: 6330: 6318: 6306: 6192: 6068: 6008: 5432: 5416: 5396: 5349: 5309: 5129: 4818: 4806: 4791: 4439: 4427: 4415: 4399: 4365: 4346: 4334: 4302: 4271: 4254: 4218: 4154: 3923: 3891: 3867: 3851: 3819: 3799: 3763: 3652: 3628: 3608: 3524: 3492: 3468: 3448: 3284: 3036: 2973: 2915: 2911: 2768: 2700:Opposition to the National Front (UK) 2086:The Front never gained a seat in the 664:Tyndall's first leadership: 1972–1975 285:political party in the United Kingdom 10824:Discrimination in the United Kingdom 9340:British Journal of Political Science 9247:British Journal of Political Science 9140:British Journal of Political Science 9005:. London: George Allen & Unwin. 2073:National Front (UK) election results 1288:Anti-immigrationism and repatriation 1206: 999:2015 United Kingdom general election 903:, featured positive articles on the 635:The NF fielded 45 candidates in the 508:(LEL). He had a long history in the 395:only white people should be citizens 8364:Andrew Learmonth (5 January 2016). 8085:Harrop, England & Husbands 1980 7905:Harrop, England & Husbands 1980 7893:Harrop, England & Husbands 1980 7881:Harrop, England & Husbands 1980 7869:Harrop, England & Husbands 1980 7854:Harrop, England & Husbands 1980 6356:"National Front 'will not protest'" 1822:Are we gonna sit and let them come? 1738:National Council of Civil Liberties 1495:Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party 1011:Ideology of the National Front (UK) 449:, while its social policies oppose 24: 10197:David Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale 10107:Patrick Boyle, 8th Earl of Glasgow 9302: 8984:10.1111/j.1467-9248.1980.tb01250.x 8349:. 1 September 2011. Archived from 4510:Stowell, Sean (19 February 2010). 2585: 1594:took control. The party condemned 1589:, although by 1974 had adopted an 1508: 1470:North Atlantic Treaty Organisation 1299:their descendants and dependants. 1185:. Tyndall defended Nazi Germany's 702:, a number that guaranteed them a 491:History of the National Front (UK) 338:protesters, most notably the 1974 25: 10855: 9840:Revolutionary Conservative Caucus 9376: 9112:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pa.a054266 8999:Husbands, Christopher T. (1983). 8376:from the original on 12 June 2018 8220:Gamble, John (12 December 2011). 4546:"Registration summary ref PP2707" 4512:"Far Right: BNP 'losing members'" 2780:Martin, Tony (9 September 2018). 2596:May 1974 London council elections 1490:Provisional Irish Republican Army 1330:Antisemitism and Holocaust denial 1322:, that they were a burden on the 10087:Josslyn Hay, 22nd Earl of Erroll 9705:Conservative Democratic Alliance 9505: 9504: 8357: 8335: 8313: 8295:The East Midlands National Front 8283: 8258: 8239:Turner, Phil (9 December 2011). 8213: 7042: 6957: 6935: 6348: 4564: 4538: 4503: 4489:"National Front march is banned" 4445: 2715:Communist Party of Great Britain 2104:Birmingham Stechford by-election 2021:(10%), followed by London (8%), 1792:Sub-groups and propaganda output 1552: 1475:During the 1970s, the Front was 854: 845: 407:white genocide conspiracy theory 332:South Asian migration to Britain 44: 10684:National Front election results 10679:List of British fascist parties 9790:National Socialist Action Party 2040: 1826:Multi-racial society is a mess. 1349:Protocols of the Elders of Zion 793:party. In June, he founded the 445:and a transformation away from 421:conspiracy theories, endorsing 1304:— The NF's Statement of Policy 700:February 1974 general election 696:1973 West Bromwich by-election 13: 1: 10819:Fascism in the United Kingdom 8963:10.1080/1369183X.1974.9975257 8923:10.1080/01419870.1981.9993324 8720:10.1080/0031322X.1985.9969821 4491:. BBC News. 24 September 2002 4473:"National Front march banned" 4453:"National Front march banned" 2757: 2743:National Union of Mineworkers 2719:Labour Party Young Socialists 2693: 2637:Parish and community councils 1965: 1894: 936:Further decline: 1990–present 708:October 1974 general election 9920:Christian Council of Britain 9745:International Third Position 9607:English National Association 9083:10.1080/0031322X.2013.842289 8856:10.1080/13619462.2012.673713 8844:Contemporary British History 6358:. BBC News. 4 September 2009 4475:. BBC News. 16 November 2001 2762: 2664: 2138:Average voters per candidate 954:Lansdowne Road football riot 918:International Third Position 710:lost their deposits. In the 322:. It was soon joined by the 7: 10814:Syncretic political parties 10708:Active notable publications 10011:Stop Islamisation of Europe 9835:Racial Preservation Society 9800:National Socialist Movement 9795:National Socialist Movement 9775:National Independence Party 9622:Militant Christian Patriots 8327:. June 2011. Archived from 2752:British Council of Churches 2723:International Marxist Group 2112:Birmingham Ladywood in 1977 1881: 1466:European Economic Community 1072: 1004: 820:Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari 658:National Independence Party 534:Racial Preservation Society 10: 10860: 9750:League of Empire Loyalists 9592:Britons Publishing Society 9488:Organisation and structure 9286:. London: Grant McIntyre. 8731:. London: Academic Press. 8698: 7052:. BBC News. 30 August 2017 6945:. BBC News. 21 August 2017 2734:National Union of Students 2697: 2629:, defected to it from the 2147:Change (percentage points) 2070: 1922: 1899: 1870: 1866: 1802:Hunt Saboteurs Association 1677: 1674:Organisation and structure 1640:— NF Chairman John Tyndall 1499:Ulster Defence Association 1096:Third International Theory 1008: 532:(BNP), David Brown of the 506:League of Empire Loyalists 488: 484: 316:League of Empire Loyalists 314:, as a merger between his 248:Politics of United Kingdom 121:League of Empire Loyalists 10834:White nationalist parties 10730: 10707: 10641: 10260: 10024: 10016:Traditional Britain Group 9880: 9760:National Democratic Party 9720:European Liberation Front 9655: 9637:National Socialist League 9582:British Union of Fascists 9559: 9501: 9463: 9352:10.1017/s0007123400002143 9259:10.1017/s000712340000185x 9194:Thurlow, Richard (1987). 9152:10.1017/s0007123400001757 9034:10.1080/01402388808424682 8930:Goodwin, Matthew (2011). 8911:Ethnic and Racial Studies 7827:Weightman & Weir 1978 6967:. BBC News. 27 March 2012 5714:, pp. 164–165, 167; 5142:. BBC News. 13 April 2011 2592:Wandsworth London Borough 2092:1972 Uxbridge by-election 1754:Red Lion Square disorders 704:party political broadcast 645:London Weekend Television 514:British Union of Fascists 389:. The party espouses the 340:Red Lion Square disorders 312:British Union of Fascists 243: 232: 227: 216: 204: 129: 108: 88: 78: 70: 60: 52: 43: 34: 9941:Friends of Oswald Mosley 9900:British Democratic Party 9740:Greater Britain Movement 9690:British League of Rights 9665:British Democratic Party 9567:British Brothers' League 9282:Wilkinson, Paul (1981). 8890:Fielding, Nigel (1981). 8871:Eatwell, Roger (2003) . 8764:10.1177/0032321717720378 8727:Billig, Michael (1978). 6379:, pp. 106–107, 204. 3938:, pp. 118–119, 131. 3239:, pp. 126–128, 130. 2082:General and by-elections 2031:Yorkshire and Humberside 1527:laissez-faire capitalism 1388:Government and the state 1106:The National Front is a 546:Greater Britain Movement 324:Greater Britain Movement 10649:Anglo-German Fellowship 10283:James Larratt Battersby 10212:Alexander Raven Thomson 9872:Western Goals Institute 9867:White Nationalist Party 9825:Official National Front 9710:Constitutional Movement 9612:Imperial Fascist League 9213:Walker, Martin (1977). 8823:Durham, Martin (1998). 2499:EU parliament elections 2116:Lambeth Central in 1978 1848:neo-Nazi skinhead bands 1685:Leadership and branches 1648:comprehensive schooling 1324:National Health Service 881:Official National Front 733:(NP) in December 1975. 580:Early growth: 1968–1972 459:societal permissiveness 427:Jews dominate the world 206:Political position 10839:Anti-communist parties 10699:Rock Against Communism 10654:Battle of Cable Street 10217:Graham Seton Hutchison 10192:Archibald Maule Ramsay 10042:Henry Hamilton Beamish 10001:Racial Volunteer Force 9971:National Liberal Party 9951:League of Saint George 9930:English Defence League 9910:British National Party 9735:Football Lads Alliance 9695:British National Party 9680:British People's Party 9577:British People's Party 9041:Jackson, Paul (2011). 9022:West European Politics 8779:Copsey, Nigel (2008). 8297:. 2010. Archived from 6055:, pp. 66, 78–79; 2709: 2678: 2050: 1975: 1936: 1844:Rock Against Communism 1830: 1724: 1698: 1637: 1566: 1407: 1301: 1144: 1114:and thus opposed both 1059:National Fascist Party 1028:— Paul Wilkinson, 1981 1025: 985:English Defence League 950:British National Party 945: 761: 673: 630:Rivers of Blood speech 601: 530:British National Party 467:Rock Against Communism 439:economic protectionism 348:British National Party 320:British National Party 306:The NF was founded by 116:British National Front 95:; 57 years ago 18:British National Front 10122:Robert Gordon-Canning 9981:Patriotic Alternative 9815:New Nationalist Party 9780:National Labour Party 9675:British Freedom Party 9310:Baker, David (1996). 9198:. Oxford: Blackwell. 9179:. London: Macmillan. 9175:Taylor, Stan (1982). 9100:Parliamentary Affairs 9071:Patterns of Prejudice 8827:. London: Routledge. 8746:Busher, Joel (2018). 8708:Patterns of Prejudice 8331:on 10 September 2011. 8321:"Dates and Committes" 3519:, pp. 133, 164; 2707: 2676: 2067:Electoral performance 2045: 2012:A 1977 survey by the 1973: 1931: 1820: 1730:Aberdeen City Council 1722: 1715:Security and violence 1696: 1601: 1560: 1503:Anglo-Irish Agreement 1395: 1296: 1158:Scottish nationalisms 1139: 1020: 943: 899:. Their publication, 771:1979 general election 757: 668: 599: 409:, calling for global 10731:Far-right monitoring 10568:Ian Stuart Donaldson 10523:Anthony Reed Herbert 10132:Neil Francis Hawkins 10092:William Evans-Gordon 10082:Henry Drummond Wolff 10072:Thomas Haller Cooper 10006:Sonnenkrieg Division 9996:Order of Nine Angles 9986:Protestant Coalition 9976:November 9th Society 9862:White Defence League 9857:United Country Party 9805:Nationalist Alliance 9670:British Empire Party 9119:Sykes, Alan (2005). 8649:, pp. 136, 143. 8245:Rotherham Advertiser 7955:, pp. 142, 143. 7895:, pp. 279, 280. 7883:, pp. 274, 276. 7320:, pp. 472, 473. 6439:, pp. 275–276; 6415:, pp. 148, 152. 6235:, pp. 160–161; 5502:, pp. 142–143; 5110:, pp. 119, 128. 4550:Electoral Commission 3850:, pp. 188–189; 3814:, pp. 174–175; 3790:, pp. 174–175; 3643:, pp. 140–141; 3623:, pp. 135–136; 3575:, pp. 139, 146. 3463:, pp. 103–104; 3439:, pp. 99, 101; 3283:, pp. 279–280; 2902:, pp. 283, 284. 2739:Trade Union Congress 2132:Number of candidates 2108:Ashfield by-election 1770:death of Blair Peach 1458:one world government 1183:British Commonwealth 712:1975 local elections 641:1970 local elections 637:1969 local elections 504:, the leader of the 496:Formation: 1966–1967 375:political scientists 297:European Parliaments 221:Nationalist Alliance 217:National affiliation 93:7 February 1967 10809:British nationalism 10764:National Front (UK) 10303:Jane, Lady Birdwood 10252:Francis Yeats-Brown 10232:Nesta Helen Webster 10152:Rotha Lintorn-Orman 10112:Harold Elsdale Goad 9770:National Fellowship 9715:England First Party 9456:National Front (UK) 9217:. London: Fontana. 8875:. London: Pimlico. 8353:on 18 October 2015. 8226:Sheffield Telegraph 8186:, pp. 118–119. 7931:, pp. 250–251. 7919:, pp. 171–172. 7907:, pp. 279–280. 7750:, pp. 142–143. 7738:, pp. 141–143. 7558:, pp. 105–106. 7546:, pp. 103–104. 7097:, pp. 178–179. 7039:, pp. 166–167. 7000:, pp. 160–161. 6880:, pp. 172–173. 6853:, pp. 122–123. 6841:, pp. 123–124. 6778:, pp. 149–150. 6391:, pp. 107–108. 6345:, pp. 118–119. 6333:, pp. 117–118. 6223:, pp. 160–161. 6179:, pp. 158–159. 6155:, pp. 198–199. 5786:, pp. 166–167. 5328:, pp. 144–145. 5284:, pp. 141–142. 4809:, pp. 119–120. 4578:on 23 December 2017 4418:, pp. 130–131. 4349:, pp. 126–127. 4337:, pp. 126–127. 4257:, pp. 124–125. 4024:, pp. 339–340. 4008:, pp. 165–166. 3778:, pp. 151–153. 3471:, pp. 106–107. 3031:, pp. 62, 65; 2918:, pp. 119–120. 2855:, pp. 196–197. 2631:England First Party 2507: 2125: 2014:University of Essex 1891:and social events. 1840:Rock Against Racism 1485:Irish republicanism 1108:British nationalist 786:far-right skinheads 443:hard Euroscepticism 401:party, it promotes 149:British nationalism 10598:Paul Joseph Watson 10478:Michael McLaughlin 10458:John Kingsley Read 10408:Patrick Harrington 10202:Alliott Verdon Roe 9991:Pie and Mash squad 9890:Blood & Honour 9765:National Democrats 9215:The National Front 8892:The National Front 8873:Fascism: A History 6790:, pp. 36, 45. 6720:, pp. 59–60; 6568:, pp. 63, 68. 6039:, pp. 69, 79. 5106:, pp. 67–68; 3627:, pp. 96–97; 3607:, pp. 23–24; 3419:, pp. 93–95; 3315:, pp. 20–21; 3275:, pp. 86–87; 3215:, pp. 76, 77. 3187:, pp. 68, 74. 3035:, pp. 18–19; 2710: 2679: 2647:community councils 2503: 2141:Percentage of vote 2121: 1976: 1861:Blood & Honour 1798:The British Worker 1725: 1699: 1664:capital punishment 1567: 1523:private enterprise 1408: 1272:Richard Herrnstein 1221:racial segregation 1128:racial nationalist 962:National Democrats 946: 922:Patrick Harrington 889:black nationalists 795:New National Front 790:football hooligans 752:Battle of Lewisham 723:John Kingsley Read 622:Conservative Party 602: 593:monthly magazine. 478:lower middle-class 435:finance capitalism 425:and claiming that 391:ethnic nationalist 364:National Democrats 344:Battle of Lewisham 310:, formerly of the 301:community councils 10751: 10750: 10694:Political Soldier 10633:Milo Yiannopoulos 10618:Graham Williamson 10593:Anne Marie Waters 10273:Richard Barnbrook 10067:John Henry Clarke 10057:R. B. D. Blakeney 10032:Mary Sophia Allen 9935:English Democrats 9810:New Britain Party 9627:National Fascisti 9519: 9518: 9224:978-0-00-634824-5 9205:978-0-631-13618-7 9186:978-0-333-27741-6 9061:978-0-415-48383-4 9012:978-0-04-329045-3 8972:Political Studies 8825:Women and Fascism 8752:Political Studies 8524:, pp. 31–32. 8210:, pp. 14–15. 7627:, pp. 48–49. 6829:, pp. 93–94. 6802:, pp. 33–34. 6736:, pp. 87–88. 6724:, pp. 89–90. 6239:, pp. 66–67. 5984:, pp. 62–63. 5948:, pp. 57–58. 5623:, pp. 93–94. 5571:, pp. 92–93. 5490:, pp. 89–90. 5466:, pp. 67–68. 5182:, pp. 64–65. 4734:, pp. 96–97. 4698:, pp. 79–80. 4138:, pp. 98–99. 4072:, pp. 21–22. 3507:, pp. 20–21. 3407:, pp. 88–89. 3395:, pp. 92–93. 3359:, pp. 90–91. 3299:, pp. 89–90. 3063:, pp. 65–66. 3003:, pp. 61–62. 2792:on 14 August 2019 2583: 2582: 2496: 2495: 1583:1967 Abortion Act 1563:London LGBT Pride 1539:municipal housing 1428:national interest 1412:liberal democracy 1340:conspiracy theory 1281:Mankind Quarterly 1256:scientific racist 1240:Nationalism Today 1213:white supremacist 1207:White supremacism 926:Graham Williamson 901:Nationalism Today 779:Margaret Thatcher 744:1977 GLC election 447:liberal democracy 411:racial separatism 403:biological racism 399:white supremacist 360:Third Positionist 266: 265: 253:Political parties 163:Internal factions 154:White supremacism 16:(Redirected from 10851: 10642:Related articles 10628:John Graeme Wood 10623:Martin Wingfield 10378:Andrew Fountaine 10333:A. K. Chesterton 10261:Post-1945 people 10242:Henry Williamson 10157:Anthony Ludovici 10117:Reginald Goodall 10062:A. K. Chesterton 9905:British Movement 9658:post-1945 groups 9572:British Fascists 9546: 9539: 9532: 9523: 9522: 9512: 9508: 9507: 9468:Election results 9457: 9448: 9441: 9434: 9425: 9424: 9388: 9387: 9385:Official website 9371: 9334: 9325: 9297: 9284:The New Fascists 9278: 9241: 9228: 9209: 9190: 9171: 9134: 9115: 9094: 9077:(4–5): 458–482. 9065: 9046: 9037: 9016: 8995: 8966: 8945: 8926: 8905: 8886: 8867: 8838: 8819: 8794: 8775: 8742: 8723: 8693: 8687: 8681: 8671: 8665: 8659: 8650: 8644: 8638: 8624: 8618: 8612: 8606: 8600: 8594: 8588: 8582: 8576: 8570: 8564: 8553: 8543: 8537: 8531: 8525: 8519: 8513: 8507: 8501: 8495: 8489: 8483: 8477: 8471: 8462: 8456: 8450: 8444: 8438: 8432: 8426: 8420: 8414: 8404: 8398: 8392: 8386: 8385: 8383: 8381: 8361: 8355: 8354: 8339: 8333: 8332: 8317: 8311: 8310: 8308: 8306: 8287: 8281: 8280: 8278: 8276: 8270: 8262: 8256: 8255: 8253: 8251: 8236: 8234: 8232: 8217: 8211: 8205: 8199: 8193: 8187: 8181: 8175: 8169: 8163: 8157: 8151: 8145: 8136: 8130: 8124: 8118: 8112: 8106: 8100: 8094: 8088: 8082: 8076: 8070: 8064: 8058: 8052: 8046: 8040: 8034: 8028: 8018: 8012: 8006: 8000: 7994: 7985: 7979: 7968: 7962: 7956: 7950: 7944: 7938: 7932: 7926: 7920: 7914: 7908: 7902: 7896: 7890: 7884: 7878: 7872: 7866: 7857: 7851: 7845: 7839: 7830: 7824: 7818: 7812: 7806: 7800: 7794: 7784: 7778: 7772: 7763: 7757: 7751: 7745: 7739: 7733: 7727: 7721: 7715: 7709: 7703: 7697: 7691: 7685: 7676: 7670: 7664: 7658: 7652: 7646: 7640: 7634: 7628: 7622: 7616: 7610: 7604: 7598: 7592: 7586: 7575: 7565: 7559: 7553: 7547: 7541: 7535: 7529: 7523: 7513: 7507: 7501: 7495: 7485: 7479: 7473: 7467: 7457: 7451: 7441: 7435: 7429: 7420: 7406: 7400: 7390: 7384: 7378: 7369: 7363: 7357: 7351: 7345: 7339: 7333: 7327: 7321: 7315: 7309: 7303: 7297: 7291: 7285: 7279: 7270: 7264: 7258: 7252: 7241: 7223: 7217: 7211: 7205: 7199: 7190: 7176: 7170: 7164: 7158: 7152: 7146: 7140: 7134: 7128: 7122: 7116: 7110: 7104: 7098: 7092: 7086: 7080: 7074: 7068: 7062: 7061: 7059: 7057: 7046: 7040: 7034: 7028: 7022: 7013: 7007: 7001: 6995: 6989: 6983: 6977: 6976: 6974: 6972: 6961: 6955: 6954: 6952: 6950: 6939: 6933: 6927: 6921: 6915: 6909: 6899: 6893: 6887: 6881: 6875: 6869: 6863: 6854: 6848: 6842: 6836: 6830: 6824: 6818: 6812: 6803: 6797: 6791: 6785: 6779: 6773: 6767: 6761: 6752: 6746: 6737: 6731: 6725: 6715: 6709: 6699: 6693: 6683: 6677: 6671: 6662: 6652: 6646: 6632: 6626: 6620: 6614: 6608: 6602: 6596: 6590: 6580: 6569: 6563: 6557: 6551: 6540: 6530: 6524: 6518: 6512: 6506: 6500: 6494: 6483: 6477: 6468: 6462: 6456: 6450: 6444: 6434: 6428: 6422: 6416: 6410: 6404: 6398: 6392: 6386: 6380: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6365: 6363: 6352: 6346: 6340: 6334: 6328: 6322: 6316: 6310: 6304: 6298: 6292: 6283: 6277: 6271: 6265: 6259: 6253: 6240: 6230: 6224: 6218: 6212: 6202: 6196: 6186: 6180: 6174: 6168: 6162: 6156: 6150: 6144: 6134: 6128: 6122: 6116: 6110: 6104: 6094: 6088: 6082: 6076: 6066: 6060: 6046: 6040: 6030: 6024: 6018: 6012: 6006: 5997: 5991: 5985: 5979: 5973: 5967: 5961: 5955: 5949: 5943: 5937: 5931: 5925: 5919: 5913: 5907: 5901: 5891: 5885: 5879: 5870: 5860: 5854: 5848: 5842: 5832: 5826: 5820: 5814: 5808: 5802: 5796: 5787: 5781: 5775: 5769: 5763: 5753: 5747: 5741: 5735: 5725: 5719: 5709: 5703: 5697: 5691: 5685: 5679: 5673: 5667: 5661: 5652: 5646: 5640: 5630: 5624: 5618: 5612: 5606: 5600: 5590: 5584: 5578: 5572: 5566: 5560: 5554: 5543: 5537: 5531: 5525: 5519: 5513: 5507: 5497: 5491: 5485: 5479: 5473: 5467: 5461: 5455: 5449: 5440: 5430: 5424: 5414: 5408: 5394: 5388: 5382: 5373: 5367: 5361: 5347: 5341: 5335: 5329: 5323: 5317: 5307: 5301: 5291: 5285: 5279: 5273: 5267: 5261: 5255: 5249: 5243: 5237: 5231: 5222: 5216: 5210: 5204: 5195: 5189: 5183: 5177: 5171: 5165: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5136: 5127: 5117: 5111: 5101: 5095: 5089: 5083: 5077: 5071: 5065: 5059: 5053: 5047: 5041: 5030: 5024: 5018: 5012: 5006: 5000: 4991: 4985: 4979: 4973: 4967: 4961: 4955: 4949: 4940: 4934: 4928: 4922: 4913: 4907: 4901: 4895: 4886: 4880: 4874: 4868: 4862: 4856: 4850: 4840: 4834: 4828: 4822: 4816: 4810: 4804: 4795: 4789: 4783: 4777: 4771: 4765: 4759: 4753: 4747: 4741: 4735: 4729: 4723: 4717: 4711: 4705: 4699: 4693: 4687: 4681: 4675: 4665: 4659: 4653: 4647: 4641: 4635: 4621: 4615: 4609: 4603: 4597: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4542: 4536: 4530: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4519: 4507: 4501: 4500: 4498: 4496: 4484: 4482: 4480: 4468: 4466: 4464: 4449: 4443: 4437: 4431: 4425: 4419: 4409: 4403: 4393: 4384: 4378: 4369: 4363: 4350: 4344: 4338: 4324: 4318: 4312: 4306: 4296: 4290: 4284: 4275: 4269: 4258: 4252: 4246: 4240: 4234: 4228: 4222: 4216: 4207: 4197: 4191: 4185: 4174: 4164: 4158: 4152: 4139: 4129: 4120: 4106: 4100: 4094: 4085: 4079: 4073: 4067: 4061: 4055: 4049: 4043: 4037: 4031: 4025: 4015: 4009: 4003: 3997: 3991: 3982: 3972: 3966: 3960: 3954: 3948: 3939: 3933: 3927: 3913: 3907: 3901: 3895: 3877: 3871: 3861: 3855: 3845: 3839: 3829: 3823: 3809: 3803: 3785: 3779: 3773: 3767: 3757: 3751: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3720: 3710: 3704: 3690: 3684: 3674: 3668: 3662: 3656: 3638: 3632: 3618: 3612: 3594: 3588: 3582: 3576: 3570: 3564: 3558: 3552: 3546: 3540: 3534: 3528: 3514: 3508: 3502: 3496: 3478: 3472: 3458: 3452: 3434: 3428: 3414: 3408: 3402: 3396: 3390: 3384: 3378: 3372: 3366: 3360: 3354: 3348: 3342: 3336: 3330: 3324: 3306: 3300: 3294: 3288: 3270: 3264: 3258: 3252: 3246: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3216: 3210: 3204: 3194: 3188: 3182: 3176: 3170: 3164: 3158: 3152: 3146: 3135: 3125: 3119: 3109: 3103: 3097: 3091: 3085: 3079: 3073: 3064: 3058: 3052: 3046: 3040: 3026: 3020: 3010: 3004: 2998: 2992: 2986: 2977: 2971: 2965: 2959: 2946: 2940: 2934: 2928: 2919: 2909: 2903: 2897: 2888: 2882: 2871: 2865: 2856: 2846: 2837: 2827: 2818: 2808: 2802: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2788:. Archived from 2777: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2219: 2189: 2126: 2124: 2120: 2106:and 3.8% in the 2088:House of Commons 2054: 1940: 1834: 1785:Anti-Nazi League 1668:national service 1641: 1481:Ulster Unionists 1477:British unionist 1382:Holocaust denial 1305: 1264:William Shockley 1148: 1124:universal values 1112:internationalism 1057:and the Italian 1029: 978:Home Secretaries 858: 849: 824:Bologna massacre 765: 677: 574:Second World War 522:Andrew Fountaine 502:A. K. Chesterton 423:Holocaust denial 387:racial populists 308:A. K. Chesterton 239: 236: 104: 103: 101: 96: 83:A. K. Chesterton 48: 32: 31: 21: 10859: 10858: 10854: 10853: 10852: 10850: 10849: 10848: 10754: 10753: 10752: 10747: 10726: 10703: 10674:Europe a Nation 10659:British Fascism 10637: 10583:Richard Verrall 10538:Colin Robertson 10403:Anthony Hancock 10368:Richard Edmonds 10308:Jonathan Bowden 10256: 10137:J. F. C. Fuller 10025:Pre-1945 people 10020: 9961:National Action 9876: 9830:Patriotic Party 9820:Northern League 9657: 9651: 9602:English Mistery 9560:Pre-1945 groups 9555: 9550: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9497: 9459: 9455: 9452: 9383: 9382: 9379: 9374: 9322: 9305: 9303:Further reading 9300: 9294: 9240:(812): 186–193. 9225: 9206: 9187: 9131: 9062: 9013: 8942: 8902: 8883: 8835: 8816: 8791: 8739: 8701: 8696: 8688: 8684: 8676:, p. 143; 8672: 8668: 8660: 8653: 8645: 8641: 8633:, p. 339; 8629:, p. 136; 8625: 8621: 8613: 8609: 8601: 8597: 8589: 8585: 8577: 8573: 8565: 8556: 8548:, p. 170; 8544: 8540: 8532: 8528: 8520: 8516: 8508: 8504: 8496: 8492: 8484: 8480: 8472: 8465: 8457: 8453: 8445: 8441: 8433: 8429: 8421: 8417: 8409:, p. 370; 8405: 8401: 8393: 8389: 8379: 8377: 8362: 8358: 8347:Derby Telegraph 8341: 8340: 8336: 8319: 8318: 8314: 8304: 8302: 8301:on 12 July 2018 8289: 8288: 8284: 8274: 8272: 8268: 8264: 8263: 8259: 8249: 8247: 8230: 8228: 8218: 8214: 8206: 8202: 8194: 8190: 8182: 8178: 8170: 8166: 8158: 8154: 8146: 8139: 8131: 8127: 8119: 8115: 8107: 8103: 8095: 8091: 8083: 8079: 8071: 8067: 8059: 8055: 8047: 8043: 8039:, pp. 3–4. 8035: 8031: 8019: 8015: 8007: 8003: 7995: 7988: 7980: 7971: 7963: 7959: 7951: 7947: 7939: 7935: 7927: 7923: 7915: 7911: 7903: 7899: 7891: 7887: 7879: 7875: 7867: 7860: 7852: 7848: 7840: 7833: 7825: 7821: 7813: 7809: 7801: 7797: 7789:, p. 292; 7785: 7781: 7773: 7766: 7758: 7754: 7746: 7742: 7734: 7730: 7722: 7718: 7710: 7706: 7698: 7694: 7686: 7679: 7671: 7667: 7659: 7655: 7647: 7643: 7635: 7631: 7623: 7619: 7611: 7607: 7599: 7595: 7587: 7578: 7566: 7562: 7554: 7550: 7542: 7538: 7530: 7526: 7514: 7510: 7502: 7498: 7486: 7482: 7474: 7470: 7458: 7454: 7446:, p. 165; 7442: 7438: 7430: 7423: 7411:, p. 164; 7407: 7403: 7391: 7387: 7379: 7372: 7364: 7360: 7352: 7348: 7340: 7336: 7328: 7324: 7316: 7312: 7304: 7300: 7292: 7288: 7280: 7273: 7265: 7261: 7253: 7244: 7236:, p. 109; 7224: 7220: 7212: 7208: 7200: 7193: 7177: 7173: 7165: 7161: 7153: 7149: 7141: 7137: 7129: 7125: 7117: 7113: 7105: 7101: 7093: 7089: 7081: 7077: 7069: 7065: 7055: 7053: 7048: 7047: 7043: 7035: 7031: 7023: 7016: 7008: 7004: 6996: 6992: 6984: 6980: 6970: 6968: 6963: 6962: 6958: 6948: 6946: 6941: 6940: 6936: 6928: 6924: 6916: 6912: 6904:, p. 171; 6900: 6896: 6888: 6884: 6876: 6872: 6864: 6857: 6849: 6845: 6837: 6833: 6825: 6821: 6813: 6806: 6798: 6794: 6786: 6782: 6774: 6770: 6762: 6755: 6747: 6740: 6732: 6728: 6716: 6712: 6700: 6696: 6684: 6680: 6672: 6665: 6657:, p. 137; 6653: 6649: 6633: 6629: 6621: 6617: 6609: 6605: 6597: 6593: 6585:, p. 138; 6581: 6572: 6564: 6560: 6552: 6543: 6535:, p. 110; 6531: 6527: 6519: 6515: 6507: 6503: 6495: 6486: 6478: 6471: 6463: 6459: 6451: 6447: 6435: 6431: 6423: 6419: 6411: 6407: 6399: 6395: 6387: 6383: 6375: 6371: 6361: 6359: 6354: 6353: 6349: 6341: 6337: 6329: 6325: 6317: 6313: 6305: 6301: 6293: 6286: 6278: 6274: 6266: 6262: 6254: 6243: 6231: 6227: 6219: 6215: 6203: 6199: 6191:, p. 160; 6187: 6183: 6175: 6171: 6163: 6159: 6151: 6147: 6139:, p. 102; 6135: 6131: 6123: 6119: 6111: 6107: 6099:, p. 205; 6095: 6091: 6083: 6079: 6067: 6063: 6051:, p. 102; 6047: 6043: 6035:, p. 205; 6031: 6027: 6019: 6015: 6007: 6000: 5992: 5988: 5980: 5976: 5968: 5964: 5956: 5952: 5944: 5940: 5932: 5928: 5920: 5916: 5908: 5904: 5892: 5888: 5880: 5873: 5865:, p. 183; 5861: 5857: 5849: 5845: 5839:Richardson 2011 5837:, p. 128; 5833: 5829: 5821: 5817: 5809: 5805: 5797: 5790: 5782: 5778: 5770: 5766: 5758:, p. 166; 5754: 5750: 5742: 5738: 5730:, p. 173; 5726: 5722: 5710: 5706: 5698: 5694: 5686: 5682: 5674: 5670: 5662: 5655: 5647: 5643: 5635:, p. 154; 5631: 5627: 5619: 5615: 5607: 5603: 5595:, p. 217; 5591: 5587: 5579: 5575: 5567: 5563: 5555: 5546: 5538: 5534: 5526: 5522: 5514: 5510: 5498: 5494: 5486: 5482: 5474: 5470: 5462: 5458: 5450: 5443: 5431: 5427: 5415: 5411: 5403:, p. 149; 5395: 5391: 5383: 5376: 5368: 5364: 5356:, p. 128; 5348: 5344: 5336: 5332: 5324: 5320: 5308: 5304: 5296:, p. 144; 5292: 5288: 5280: 5276: 5268: 5264: 5256: 5252: 5244: 5240: 5232: 5225: 5217: 5213: 5205: 5198: 5190: 5186: 5178: 5174: 5166: 5155: 5145: 5143: 5138: 5137: 5130: 5118: 5114: 5102: 5098: 5090: 5086: 5078: 5074: 5066: 5062: 5054: 5050: 5042: 5033: 5025: 5021: 5013: 5009: 5001: 4994: 4986: 4982: 4974: 4970: 4962: 4958: 4950: 4943: 4935: 4931: 4923: 4916: 4908: 4904: 4896: 4889: 4881: 4877: 4869: 4865: 4857: 4853: 4841: 4837: 4829: 4825: 4817: 4813: 4805: 4798: 4790: 4786: 4778: 4774: 4766: 4762: 4754: 4750: 4742: 4738: 4730: 4726: 4718: 4714: 4706: 4702: 4694: 4690: 4682: 4678: 4666: 4662: 4658:, pp. 6–7. 4654: 4650: 4642: 4638: 4622: 4618: 4610: 4606: 4598: 4591: 4581: 4579: 4570: 4569: 4565: 4555: 4553: 4552:. 26 March 2015 4544: 4543: 4539: 4531: 4527: 4517: 4515: 4508: 4504: 4494: 4492: 4487: 4485: 4478: 4476: 4471: 4469: 4462: 4460: 4459:. 18 April 2000 4451: 4450: 4446: 4438: 4434: 4426: 4422: 4410: 4406: 4394: 4387: 4379: 4372: 4364: 4353: 4345: 4341: 4333:, p. 341; 4329:, p. 272; 4325: 4321: 4313: 4309: 4297: 4293: 4285: 4278: 4270: 4261: 4253: 4249: 4241: 4237: 4229: 4225: 4217: 4210: 4198: 4194: 4186: 4177: 4165: 4161: 4153: 4142: 4130: 4123: 4107: 4103: 4095: 4088: 4080: 4076: 4068: 4064: 4056: 4052: 4044: 4040: 4032: 4028: 4020:, p. 152; 4016: 4012: 4004: 4000: 3992: 3985: 3973: 3969: 3961: 3957: 3949: 3942: 3934: 3930: 3918:, p. 197; 3914: 3910: 3902: 3898: 3890:, p. 284; 3882:, p. 189; 3878: 3874: 3866:, p. 189; 3862: 3858: 3846: 3842: 3834:, p. 178; 3830: 3826: 3810: 3806: 3798:, p. 283; 3786: 3782: 3774: 3770: 3762:, p. 149; 3758: 3754: 3746:, p. 174; 3742: 3738: 3730: 3723: 3711: 3707: 3695:, p. 140; 3691: 3687: 3679:, p. 149; 3675: 3671: 3663: 3659: 3651:, p. 338; 3639: 3635: 3619: 3615: 3599:, p. 133; 3595: 3591: 3583: 3579: 3571: 3567: 3559: 3555: 3547: 3543: 3535: 3531: 3515: 3511: 3503: 3499: 3483:, p. 106; 3479: 3475: 3459: 3455: 3447:, p. 283; 3435: 3431: 3415: 3411: 3403: 3399: 3391: 3387: 3379: 3375: 3367: 3363: 3355: 3351: 3343: 3339: 3331: 3327: 3319:, p. 276; 3311:, p. 109; 3307: 3303: 3295: 3291: 3271: 3267: 3259: 3255: 3247: 3243: 3235: 3231: 3223: 3219: 3211: 3207: 3195: 3191: 3183: 3179: 3171: 3167: 3159: 3155: 3147: 3138: 3126: 3122: 3110: 3106: 3098: 3094: 3086: 3082: 3074: 3067: 3059: 3055: 3047: 3043: 3027: 3023: 3011: 3007: 2999: 2995: 2987: 2980: 2972: 2968: 2960: 2949: 2941: 2937: 2929: 2922: 2910: 2906: 2898: 2891: 2883: 2874: 2866: 2859: 2851:, p. 161; 2847: 2840: 2828: 2821: 2809: 2805: 2795: 2793: 2778: 2769: 2765: 2760: 2702: 2696: 2688:prison officers 2667: 2661:with 18 votes. 2643:parish councils 2639: 2588: 2586:Local elections 2520:Percentage vote 2504: 2501: 2122: 2084: 2075: 2069: 2056: 2052: 2043: 1968: 1942: 1938: 1925: 1902: 1897: 1884: 1875: 1869: 1836: 1832: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1794: 1717: 1687: 1682: 1676: 1652:social sciences 1643: 1639: 1585:that legalised 1555: 1511: 1509:Economic policy 1454: 1404:Muammar Gaddafi 1390: 1332: 1307: 1303: 1290: 1217:racial equality 1209: 1175:Remembrance Day 1150: 1146: 1104: 1092:Muammar Gaddafi 1088:Gregor Strasser 1075: 1043:The Republicans 1031: 1027: 1018: 1013: 1007: 992:social movement 938: 893:Louis Farrakhan 872: 871: 870: 869: 861: 860: 859: 851: 850: 836:Nouvelle Droite 803: 767: 763: 739: 679: 675: 666: 654:Northern League 582: 510:British fascist 498: 493: 487: 326:, whose leader 262: 233: 200: 176:Racial populism 167: 166: 158: 139:British fascism 125: 99: 97: 94: 92: 39: 38: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10857: 10847: 10846: 10841: 10836: 10831: 10826: 10821: 10816: 10811: 10806: 10801: 10796: 10791: 10786: 10781: 10776: 10771: 10766: 10749: 10748: 10746: 10745: 10740: 10734: 10732: 10728: 10727: 10725: 10724: 10719: 10711: 10709: 10705: 10704: 10702: 10701: 10696: 10691: 10686: 10681: 10676: 10671: 10666: 10661: 10656: 10651: 10645: 10643: 10639: 10638: 10636: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10603:Martin Webster 10600: 10595: 10590: 10585: 10580: 10575: 10573:Keith Thompson 10570: 10565: 10563:Troy Southgate 10560: 10555: 10553:Simon Sheppard 10550: 10545: 10543:Tommy Robinson 10540: 10535: 10530: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10480: 10475: 10470: 10468:Richard Lawson 10465: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10365: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10348:Mark Cotterill 10345: 10343:David Copeland 10340: 10335: 10330: 10325: 10320: 10315: 10310: 10305: 10300: 10295: 10290: 10285: 10280: 10278:A. F. X. Baron 10275: 10270: 10264: 10262: 10258: 10257: 10255: 10254: 10249: 10247:Ormonde Winter 10244: 10239: 10234: 10229: 10224: 10222:Herbert Vivian 10219: 10214: 10209: 10204: 10199: 10194: 10189: 10184: 10179: 10177:Cynthia Mosley 10174: 10169: 10164: 10159: 10154: 10149: 10144: 10139: 10134: 10129: 10124: 10119: 10114: 10109: 10104: 10099: 10094: 10089: 10084: 10079: 10074: 10069: 10064: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10028: 10026: 10022: 10021: 10019: 10018: 10013: 10008: 10003: 9998: 9993: 9988: 9983: 9978: 9973: 9968: 9966:National Front 9963: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9946:Homeland Party 9943: 9938: 9937:(some members) 9932: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9907: 9902: 9897: 9892: 9886: 9884: 9878: 9877: 9875: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9854: 9852:Union Movement 9849: 9842: 9837: 9832: 9827: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9787: 9785:National Party 9782: 9777: 9772: 9767: 9762: 9757: 9752: 9747: 9742: 9737: 9732: 9727: 9722: 9717: 9712: 9707: 9702: 9697: 9692: 9687: 9682: 9677: 9672: 9667: 9661: 9659: 9653: 9652: 9650: 9649: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9632:National Party 9629: 9624: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9579: 9574: 9569: 9563: 9561: 9557: 9556: 9549: 9548: 9541: 9534: 9526: 9517: 9516: 9502: 9499: 9498: 9496: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9464: 9461: 9460: 9451: 9450: 9443: 9436: 9428: 9422: 9421: 9413: 9409:, held at the 9404: 9399: 9397:2010 Manifesto 9394: 9392:2005 Manifesto 9389: 9378: 9377:External links 9375: 9373: 9372: 9346:(2): 267–268. 9335: 9326: 9321:978-1860640735 9320: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9298: 9293:978-0330269537 9292: 9279: 9253:(3): 370–380. 9242: 9229: 9223: 9210: 9204: 9191: 9185: 9172: 9146:(2): 250–255. 9135: 9130:978-0333599242 9129: 9116: 9106:(3): 282–293. 9095: 9066: 9060: 9047: 9038: 9017: 9011: 8996: 8978:(2): 271–283. 8967: 8957:(1–2): 49–55. 8946: 8941:978-0415465014 8940: 8927: 8906: 8901:978-0710005595 8900: 8887: 8882:978-1844130900 8881: 8868: 8850:(2): 195–211. 8839: 8834:978-0415122795 8833: 8820: 8814: 8795: 8790:978-0230574373 8789: 8776: 8758:(2): 323–338. 8743: 8738:978-0150040040 8737: 8724: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8694: 8692:, p. 138. 8682: 8680:, p. 466. 8666: 8664:, p. 139. 8651: 8639: 8637:, p. 465. 8619: 8617:, p. 134. 8607: 8605:, p. 200. 8595: 8593:, p. 112. 8583: 8581:, p. 181. 8571: 8569:, p. 170. 8554: 8538: 8526: 8514: 8512:, p. 122. 8510:Wilkinson 1981 8502: 8500:, p. 128. 8490: 8488:, p. 125. 8478: 8476:, p. 126. 8463: 8461:, p. 348. 8451: 8449:, p. 350. 8439: 8437:, p. 481. 8427: 8425:, p. 100. 8415: 8411:Wilkinson 1981 8399: 8387: 8356: 8334: 8312: 8282: 8257: 8212: 8200: 8198:, p. 120. 8188: 8176: 8174:, p. 371. 8164: 8162:, p. 118. 8152: 8137: 8135:, p. 122. 8125: 8123:, p. 291. 8113: 8101: 8089: 8087:, p. 271. 8077: 8065: 8063:, p. 283. 8053: 8051:, p. 115. 8041: 8029: 8023:, p. 52; 8013: 8001: 7999:, p. 178. 7986: 7969: 7967:, p. 142. 7957: 7945: 7943:, p. 380. 7933: 7921: 7909: 7897: 7885: 7873: 7871:, p. 274. 7858: 7856:, p. 276. 7846: 7831: 7829:, p. 188. 7819: 7807: 7805:, p. 218. 7795: 7779: 7764: 7762:, p. 459. 7752: 7740: 7728: 7726:, p. 106. 7716: 7714:, p. 156. 7704: 7702:, p. 144. 7692: 7690:, p. 143. 7677: 7675:, p. 150. 7665: 7663:, p. 149. 7653: 7649:Fielding 1981b 7641: 7629: 7617: 7615:, p. 288. 7605: 7593: 7591:, p. 290. 7576: 7574:, p. 290. 7570:, p. 38; 7560: 7548: 7536: 7534:, p. 102. 7524: 7522:, p. 349. 7508: 7506:, p. 349. 7496: 7490:, p. 53; 7480: 7468: 7466:, p. 290. 7462:, p. 40; 7452: 7436: 7421: 7415:, p. 39; 7401: 7399:, p. 290. 7395:, p. 39; 7385: 7370: 7368:, p. xii. 7358: 7346: 7344:, p. 478. 7334: 7332:, p. 474. 7322: 7310: 7308:, p. 471. 7298: 7296:, p. 469. 7286: 7284:, p. 467. 7271: 7269:, p. 473. 7259: 7257:, p. 464. 7242: 7240:, p. 464. 7232:, p. 93; 7228:, p. 55; 7218: 7206: 7191: 7189:, p. 108. 7185:, p. 55; 7181:, p. 84; 7171: 7159: 7157:, p. 168. 7147: 7145:, p. 108. 7135: 7133:, p. 139. 7123: 7121:, p. 184. 7111: 7109:, p. 158. 7099: 7087: 7085:, p. 177. 7075: 7073:, p. 164. 7063: 7041: 7029: 7027:, p. 161. 7014: 7012:, p. 160. 7002: 6990: 6988:, p. 159. 6978: 6956: 6934: 6932:, p. 165. 6930:Wilkinson 1981 6922: 6920:, p. 165. 6910: 6908:, p. 164. 6894: 6892:, p. 171. 6882: 6870: 6855: 6843: 6831: 6819: 6804: 6792: 6780: 6768: 6753: 6738: 6726: 6718:Fielding 1981b 6710: 6704:, p. 58; 6702:Fielding 1981b 6694: 6688:, p. 58; 6686:Fielding 1981b 6678: 6663: 6659:Fielding 1981b 6647: 6641:, p. 57; 6639:Fielding 1981b 6637:, p. 85; 6627: 6625:, p. 119. 6615: 6603: 6601:, p. 118. 6591: 6570: 6558: 6556:, p. 109. 6541: 6539:, p. 141. 6525: 6523:, p. 108. 6513: 6511:, p. 159. 6501: 6499:, p. 149. 6484: 6482:, p. 111. 6469: 6467:, p. 139. 6457: 6455:, p. 137. 6445: 6443:, p. 136. 6429: 6427:, p. 153. 6417: 6405: 6393: 6381: 6369: 6347: 6335: 6323: 6321:, p. 116. 6311: 6309:, p. 117. 6299: 6284: 6272: 6270:, p. 160. 6260: 6241: 6225: 6213: 6207:, p. 66; 6197: 6195:, p. 108. 6181: 6169: 6167:, p. 199. 6157: 6145: 6143:, p. 197. 6129: 6127:, p. 215. 6117: 6115:, p. 205. 6105: 6089: 6077: 6071:, p. 50; 6061: 6057:Wilkinson 1981 6041: 6025: 6023:, p. 161. 6013: 6011:, p. 120. 5998: 5994:Fielding 1981b 5986: 5982:Fielding 1981b 5974: 5962: 5960:, p. 110. 5950: 5946:Fielding 1981b 5938: 5934:Fielding 1981b 5926: 5924:, p. 196. 5914: 5910:Fielding 1981b 5902: 5898:Fielding 1981b 5896:, p. 66; 5886: 5871: 5855: 5853:, p. 183. 5843: 5827: 5815: 5813:, p. 100. 5803: 5801:, p. 102. 5788: 5776: 5774:, p. 166. 5764: 5762:, p. 101. 5748: 5746:, p. 134. 5736: 5734:, p. 101. 5720: 5718:, p. 133. 5704: 5702:, p. 101. 5692: 5680: 5678:, p. 154. 5668: 5653: 5641: 5625: 5613: 5601: 5585: 5583:, p. 169. 5573: 5561: 5559:, p. 217. 5544: 5542:, p. 141. 5532: 5520: 5508: 5492: 5480: 5478:, p. 462. 5468: 5456: 5441: 5435:, p. 50; 5425: 5419:, p. 50; 5409: 5399:, p. 50; 5389: 5374: 5362: 5352:, p. 50; 5342: 5340:, p. 150. 5330: 5318: 5316:, p. 143. 5312:, p. 50; 5302: 5286: 5274: 5272:, p. 192. 5262: 5250: 5248:, p. 143. 5238: 5236:, p. 142. 5223: 5221:, p. 140. 5211: 5209:, p. 182. 5196: 5184: 5172: 5153: 5128: 5122:, p. 90; 5112: 5096: 5084: 5082:, p. 119. 5072: 5060: 5058:, p. 205. 5048: 5031: 5019: 5017:, p. 347. 5007: 4992: 4980: 4968: 4956: 4954:, p. 148. 4941: 4929: 4914: 4902: 4887: 4885:, p. 158. 4875: 4863: 4851: 4849:, p. 130. 4845:, p. 34; 4835: 4833:, p. 162. 4823: 4811: 4796: 4784: 4782:, p. 175. 4772: 4760: 4758:, p. 121. 4748: 4746:, p. 191. 4736: 4724: 4722:, p. 124. 4712: 4700: 4688: 4676: 4674:, p. 171. 4670:, p. 79; 4660: 4648: 4636: 4634:, p. 336. 4630:, p. 79; 4616: 4614:, p. 192. 4604: 4600:Wilkinson 1981 4589: 4563: 4537: 4525: 4502: 4444: 4442:, p. 135. 4432: 4430:, p. 131. 4420: 4414:, p. 99; 4404: 4402:, p. 131. 4398:, p. 99; 4385: 4383:, p. 327. 4370: 4368:, p. 127. 4351: 4339: 4319: 4307: 4305:, p. 125. 4301:, p. 99; 4291: 4289:, p. 342. 4276: 4274:, p. 125. 4259: 4247: 4235: 4233:, p. 340. 4223: 4221:, p. 126. 4208: 4206:, p. 341. 4202:, p. 69; 4192: 4190:, p. 341. 4175: 4173:, p. 341. 4169:, p. 71; 4159: 4157:, p. 124. 4140: 4134:, p. 68; 4121: 4115:, p. 98; 4111:, p. 77; 4109:Wilkinson 1981 4101: 4086: 4074: 4062: 4060:, p. 282. 4050: 4038: 4026: 4010: 3998: 3983: 3981:, p. 340. 3977:, p. xi; 3967: 3955: 3953:, p. 132. 3940: 3928: 3926:, p. 112. 3922:, p. 45; 3908: 3896: 3894:, p. 111. 3886:, p. 25; 3872: 3870:, p. 111. 3856: 3854:, p. 111. 3840: 3824: 3822:, p. 110. 3818:, p. 44; 3804: 3802:, p. 110. 3794:, p. 44; 3780: 3768: 3766:, p. 109. 3752: 3736: 3734:, p. 180. 3721: 3719:, p. 338. 3715:, p. 27; 3705: 3699:, p. 76; 3697:Wilkinson 1981 3685: 3669: 3667:, p. 141. 3657: 3655:, p. 107. 3647:, p. 25; 3633: 3631:, p. 107. 3613: 3611:, p. 107. 3603:, p. 74; 3601:Wilkinson 1981 3589: 3587:, p. 148. 3577: 3565: 3563:, p. 336. 3553: 3551:, p. 293. 3541: 3539:, p. 164. 3529: 3527:, p. 107. 3523:, p. 23; 3509: 3497: 3495:, p. 107. 3491:, p. 23; 3487:, p. 24; 3473: 3467:, p. 23; 3453: 3451:, p. 106. 3443:, p. 24; 3429: 3427:, p. 280. 3423:, p. 22; 3409: 3397: 3385: 3373: 3361: 3349: 3347:, p. 115. 3337: 3335:, p. 113. 3325: 3323:, p. 337. 3301: 3289: 3287:, p. 106. 3279:, p. 24; 3265: 3253: 3241: 3229: 3227:, p. 127. 3217: 3205: 3199:, p. 68; 3189: 3177: 3165: 3153: 3151:, p. 275. 3136: 3134:, p. 335. 3130:, p. 18; 3120: 3114:, p. 67; 3104: 3092: 3080: 3065: 3053: 3051:, p. 134. 3041: 3039:, p. 104. 3021: 3015:, p. 64; 3005: 2993: 2978: 2966: 2947: 2935: 2920: 2914:, p. 23; 2904: 2889: 2887:, p. 292. 2872: 2857: 2838: 2836:, p. 460. 2832:, p. 73; 2830:Wilkinson 1981 2819: 2817:, p. 336. 2813:, p. 79; 2803: 2786:National Front 2766: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2698:Main article: 2695: 2692: 2666: 2663: 2638: 2635: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2556: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2466: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2438: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2410: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2382: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2354: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2326: 2325: 2322: 2319: 2316: 2313: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2298: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2276: 2270: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2242: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2212: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2182: 2181: 2178: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2152: 2151: 2150:Number of MPs 2148: 2145: 2144:Saved deposits 2142: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2102:, 8.2% in the 2083: 2080: 2071:Main article: 2068: 2065: 2044: 2042: 2039: 1967: 1964: 1930: 1924: 1921: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1883: 1880: 1871:Main article: 1868: 1865: 1819: 1793: 1790: 1716: 1713: 1704:Greater London 1686: 1683: 1678:Main article: 1675: 1672: 1600: 1554: 1551: 1510: 1507: 1462:United Nations 1453: 1450: 1445:The Green Book 1399:The Green Book 1389: 1386: 1331: 1328: 1295: 1289: 1286: 1225:white genocide 1208: 1205: 1201:Fourteen Words 1138: 1103: 1100: 1074: 1071: 1041:and Germany's 1039:National Front 1019: 1017: 1014: 1009:Main article: 1006: 1003: 937: 934: 863: 862: 853: 852: 844: 843: 842: 841: 840: 828:Third Position 802: 799: 764:— John Tyndall 756: 738: 735: 731:National Party 667: 665: 662: 660:in June 1972. 581: 578: 562:anti-communism 542:Martin Webster 526:Philip Maxwell 497: 494: 489:Main article: 486: 483: 437:. It promotes 417:. It espouses 270:National Front 264: 263: 261: 260: 255: 250: 244: 241: 240: 230: 229: 225: 224: 218: 214: 213: 208: 202: 201: 199: 198: 193: 188: 186:Third Position 183: 178: 173: 161: 160: 159: 157: 156: 151: 146: 141: 135: 133: 127: 126: 124: 123: 118: 112: 110: 109:Merger of 106: 105: 90: 86: 85: 80: 76: 75: 72: 68: 67: 64: 58: 57: 54: 50: 49: 41: 40: 37:National Front 36: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10856: 10845: 10842: 10840: 10837: 10835: 10832: 10830: 10827: 10825: 10822: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10812: 10810: 10807: 10805: 10802: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10782: 10780: 10777: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10767: 10765: 10762: 10761: 10759: 10744: 10743:Hope Not Hate 10741: 10739: 10736: 10735: 10733: 10729: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10717: 10713: 10712: 10710: 10706: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10685: 10682: 10680: 10677: 10675: 10672: 10670: 10667: 10665: 10662: 10660: 10657: 10655: 10652: 10650: 10647: 10646: 10644: 10640: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10584: 10581: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10571: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10561: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10549: 10546: 10544: 10541: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10508:Neema Parvini 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10483:Eddy Morrison 10481: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10473:Tony Lecomber 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10453:Alex Kurtagić 10451: 10449: 10446: 10444: 10443:Raheem Kassam 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10428:Katie Hopkins 10426: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10418:Derek Holland 10416: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10383:Jayda Fransen 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10363:Sharon Ebanks 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10319: 10316: 10314: 10311: 10309: 10306: 10304: 10301: 10299: 10298:Carl Benjamin 10296: 10294: 10291: 10289: 10288:Derek Beackon 10286: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10265: 10263: 10259: 10253: 10250: 10248: 10245: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10227:Charlie Watts 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10188: 10185: 10183: 10182:Oswald Mosley 10180: 10178: 10175: 10173: 10170: 10168: 10167:Unity Mitford 10165: 10163: 10162:Frank McLardy 10160: 10158: 10155: 10153: 10150: 10148: 10145: 10143: 10142:William Joyce 10140: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10108: 10105: 10103: 10102:Rolf Gardiner 10100: 10098: 10097:Robert Forgan 10095: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10085: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10077:Barry Domvile 10075: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10029: 10027: 10023: 10017: 10014: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10004: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9982: 9979: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9918: 9915: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9895:Britain First 9893: 9891: 9888: 9887: 9885: 9883: 9882:Active groups 9879: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9847: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9728: 9726: 9723: 9721: 9718: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9691: 9688: 9686: 9683: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9662: 9660: 9654: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9642:Nordic League 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9597:English Array 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9565: 9564: 9562: 9558: 9554: 9547: 9542: 9540: 9535: 9533: 9528: 9527: 9524: 9514: 9513: 9500: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9465: 9462: 9458: 9449: 9444: 9442: 9437: 9435: 9430: 9429: 9426: 9420: 9418: 9417:The Lost Race 9414: 9412: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9386: 9381: 9380: 9369: 9365: 9361: 9357: 9353: 9349: 9345: 9341: 9336: 9332: 9327: 9323: 9317: 9313: 9308: 9307: 9295: 9289: 9285: 9280: 9276: 9272: 9268: 9264: 9260: 9256: 9252: 9248: 9243: 9239: 9235: 9230: 9226: 9220: 9216: 9211: 9207: 9201: 9197: 9192: 9188: 9182: 9178: 9173: 9169: 9165: 9161: 9157: 9153: 9149: 9145: 9141: 9136: 9132: 9126: 9122: 9117: 9113: 9109: 9105: 9101: 9096: 9092: 9088: 9084: 9080: 9076: 9072: 9067: 9063: 9057: 9053: 9048: 9044: 9039: 9035: 9031: 9027: 9023: 9018: 9014: 9008: 9004: 9003: 8997: 8993: 8989: 8985: 8981: 8977: 8973: 8968: 8964: 8960: 8956: 8952: 8947: 8943: 8937: 8934:. Routledge. 8933: 8928: 8924: 8920: 8916: 8912: 8907: 8903: 8897: 8893: 8888: 8884: 8878: 8874: 8869: 8865: 8861: 8857: 8853: 8849: 8845: 8840: 8836: 8830: 8826: 8821: 8817: 8815:9780582238817 8811: 8807: 8803: 8802: 8796: 8792: 8786: 8782: 8777: 8773: 8769: 8765: 8761: 8757: 8753: 8749: 8744: 8740: 8734: 8730: 8725: 8721: 8717: 8713: 8709: 8704: 8703: 8691: 8686: 8679: 8675: 8670: 8663: 8658: 8656: 8648: 8643: 8636: 8632: 8628: 8623: 8616: 8611: 8604: 8599: 8592: 8587: 8580: 8575: 8568: 8563: 8561: 8559: 8552:, p. 34. 8551: 8547: 8542: 8536:, p. 34. 8535: 8530: 8523: 8518: 8511: 8506: 8499: 8498:Fielding 1981 8494: 8487: 8486:Fielding 1981 8482: 8475: 8474:Fielding 1981 8470: 8468: 8460: 8455: 8448: 8443: 8436: 8431: 8424: 8419: 8413:, p. 76. 8412: 8408: 8407:Whiteley 1979 8403: 8396: 8395:Fielding 1981 8391: 8375: 8371: 8367: 8360: 8352: 8348: 8344: 8338: 8330: 8326: 8322: 8316: 8300: 8296: 8292: 8286: 8267: 8261: 8246: 8242: 8227: 8223: 8216: 8209: 8208:Husbands 1983 8204: 8197: 8192: 8185: 8180: 8173: 8172:Whiteley 1979 8168: 8161: 8156: 8150:, p. 27. 8149: 8148:Fielding 1981 8144: 8142: 8134: 8129: 8122: 8117: 8111:, p. 68. 8110: 8109:Husbands 1988 8105: 8099:, p. 67. 8098: 8097:Husbands 1988 8093: 8086: 8081: 8075:, p. 30. 8074: 8073:Fielding 1981 8069: 8062: 8057: 8050: 8045: 8038: 8033: 8027:, p. 26. 8026: 8025:Fielding 1981 8022: 8017: 8011:, p. 26. 8010: 8009:Fielding 1981 8005: 7998: 7993: 7991: 7984:, p. 65. 7983: 7982:Husbands 1988 7978: 7976: 7974: 7966: 7965:Husbands 1983 7961: 7954: 7953:Husbands 1983 7949: 7942: 7941:Whiteley 1979 7937: 7930: 7925: 7918: 7913: 7906: 7901: 7894: 7889: 7882: 7877: 7870: 7865: 7863: 7855: 7850: 7844:, p. 29. 7843: 7842:Fielding 1981 7838: 7836: 7828: 7823: 7817:, p. 44. 7816: 7815:Husbands 1983 7811: 7804: 7799: 7793:, p. 24. 7792: 7791:Husbands 1983 7788: 7783: 7777:, p. 14. 7776: 7775:Husbands 1983 7771: 7769: 7761: 7756: 7749: 7744: 7737: 7732: 7725: 7724:Fielding 1981 7720: 7713: 7712:Fielding 1981 7708: 7701: 7700:Fielding 1981 7696: 7689: 7688:Fielding 1981 7684: 7682: 7674: 7673:Fielding 1981 7669: 7662: 7661:Fielding 1981 7657: 7651:, p. 65. 7650: 7645: 7639:, p. 54. 7638: 7637:Fielding 1981 7633: 7626: 7625:Fielding 1981 7621: 7614: 7609: 7603:, p. 99. 7602: 7597: 7590: 7585: 7583: 7581: 7573: 7569: 7568:Fielding 1981 7564: 7557: 7552: 7545: 7540: 7533: 7528: 7521: 7518:, p. 9; 7517: 7512: 7505: 7500: 7494:, p. 39. 7493: 7492:Fielding 1981 7489: 7484: 7478:, p. 40. 7477: 7472: 7465: 7461: 7460:Fielding 1981 7456: 7450:, p. 39. 7449: 7448:Fielding 1981 7445: 7440: 7434:, p. 95. 7433: 7428: 7426: 7419:, p. 96. 7418: 7414: 7413:Fielding 1981 7410: 7405: 7398: 7394: 7393:Fielding 1981 7389: 7383:, p. 41. 7382: 7381:Fielding 1981 7377: 7375: 7367: 7362: 7356:, p. 40. 7355: 7354:Fielding 1981 7350: 7343: 7338: 7331: 7326: 7319: 7314: 7307: 7302: 7295: 7290: 7283: 7278: 7276: 7268: 7263: 7256: 7251: 7249: 7247: 7239: 7235: 7231: 7227: 7226:Fielding 1981 7222: 7216:, p. 55. 7215: 7214:Fielding 1981 7210: 7204:, p. 51. 7203: 7198: 7196: 7188: 7184: 7183:Fielding 1981 7180: 7175: 7169:, p. 93. 7168: 7163: 7156: 7151: 7144: 7139: 7132: 7127: 7120: 7119:Fielding 1981 7115: 7108: 7103: 7096: 7095:Fielding 1981 7091: 7084: 7083:Fielding 1981 7079: 7072: 7067: 7051: 7045: 7038: 7037:Fielding 1981 7033: 7026: 7025:Fielding 1981 7021: 7019: 7011: 7010:Fielding 1981 7006: 6999: 6998:Fielding 1981 6994: 6987: 6986:Fielding 1981 6982: 6966: 6960: 6944: 6938: 6931: 6926: 6919: 6918:Fielding 1981 6914: 6907: 6906:Fielding 1981 6903: 6898: 6891: 6886: 6879: 6874: 6868:, p. 37. 6867: 6866:Fielding 1981 6862: 6860: 6852: 6847: 6840: 6835: 6828: 6823: 6817:, p. 57. 6816: 6815:Fielding 1981 6811: 6809: 6801: 6800:Fielding 1981 6796: 6789: 6788:Fielding 1981 6784: 6777: 6772: 6766:, p. 39. 6765: 6764:Fielding 1981 6760: 6758: 6751:, p. 86. 6750: 6745: 6743: 6735: 6730: 6723: 6719: 6714: 6708:, p. 84. 6707: 6703: 6698: 6692:, p. 85. 6691: 6687: 6682: 6676:, p. 85. 6675: 6670: 6668: 6661:, p. 59. 6660: 6656: 6655:Fielding 1981 6651: 6645:, p. 85. 6644: 6640: 6636: 6635:Fielding 1981 6631: 6624: 6623:Fielding 1981 6619: 6613:, p. 69. 6612: 6611:Fielding 1981 6607: 6600: 6599:Fielding 1981 6595: 6589:, p. 69. 6588: 6587:Fielding 1981 6584: 6579: 6577: 6575: 6567: 6566:Fielding 1981 6562: 6555: 6554:Fielding 1981 6550: 6548: 6546: 6538: 6534: 6533:Fielding 1981 6529: 6522: 6521:Fielding 1981 6517: 6510: 6505: 6498: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6481: 6480:Fielding 1981 6476: 6474: 6466: 6461: 6454: 6449: 6442: 6438: 6433: 6426: 6421: 6414: 6409: 6403:, p. 79. 6402: 6401:Fielding 1981 6397: 6390: 6389:Fielding 1981 6385: 6378: 6377:Fielding 1981 6373: 6357: 6351: 6344: 6339: 6332: 6327: 6320: 6315: 6308: 6303: 6297:, p. 68. 6296: 6295:Fielding 1981 6291: 6289: 6282:, p. 75. 6281: 6276: 6269: 6264: 6258:, p. 67. 6257: 6256:Fielding 1981 6252: 6250: 6248: 6246: 6238: 6237:Fielding 1981 6234: 6229: 6222: 6217: 6211:, p. 75. 6210: 6206: 6205:Fielding 1981 6201: 6194: 6190: 6185: 6178: 6173: 6166: 6161: 6154: 6149: 6142: 6138: 6133: 6126: 6121: 6114: 6109: 6103:, p. 69. 6102: 6101:Fielding 1981 6098: 6093: 6087:, p. 76. 6086: 6081: 6075:, p. 66. 6074: 6073:Fielding 1981 6070: 6065: 6059:, p. 75. 6058: 6054: 6053:Fielding 1981 6050: 6045: 6038: 6037:Fielding 1981 6034: 6029: 6022: 6017: 6010: 6005: 6003: 5996:, p. 59. 5995: 5990: 5983: 5978: 5972:, p. 73. 5971: 5966: 5959: 5958:Fielding 1981 5954: 5947: 5942: 5936:, p. 56. 5935: 5930: 5923: 5922:Fielding 1981 5918: 5912:, p. 62. 5911: 5906: 5900:, p. 62. 5899: 5895: 5894:Fielding 1981 5890: 5884:, p. 66. 5883: 5882:Fielding 1981 5878: 5876: 5869:, p. 63. 5868: 5864: 5859: 5852: 5847: 5841:, p. 53. 5840: 5836: 5831: 5825:, p. 54. 5824: 5819: 5812: 5811:Fielding 1981 5807: 5800: 5799:Fielding 1981 5795: 5793: 5785: 5780: 5773: 5768: 5761: 5760:Fielding 1981 5757: 5752: 5745: 5744:Fielding 1981 5740: 5733: 5732:Fielding 1981 5729: 5724: 5717: 5716:Fielding 1981 5713: 5708: 5701: 5700:Fielding 1981 5696: 5690:, p. 69. 5689: 5684: 5677: 5672: 5666:, p. 65. 5665: 5660: 5658: 5650: 5645: 5639:, p. 94. 5638: 5637:Fielding 1981 5634: 5629: 5622: 5621:Fielding 1981 5617: 5611:, p. 96. 5610: 5609:Fielding 1981 5605: 5599:, p. 96. 5598: 5597:Fielding 1981 5594: 5589: 5582: 5577: 5570: 5569:Fielding 1981 5565: 5558: 5553: 5551: 5549: 5541: 5536: 5530:, p. 97. 5529: 5524: 5518:, p. 88. 5517: 5516:Fielding 1981 5512: 5506:, p. 88. 5505: 5504:Fielding 1981 5501: 5496: 5489: 5488:Fielding 1981 5484: 5477: 5472: 5465: 5464:Fielding 1981 5460: 5454:, p. 87. 5453: 5452:Fielding 1981 5448: 5446: 5439:, p. 87. 5438: 5437:Fielding 1981 5434: 5429: 5423:, p. 96. 5422: 5418: 5413: 5407:, p. 99. 5406: 5405:Fielding 1981 5402: 5398: 5393: 5387:, p. 99. 5386: 5385:Fielding 1981 5381: 5379: 5372:, p. 72. 5371: 5366: 5360:, p. 96. 5359: 5355: 5351: 5346: 5339: 5334: 5327: 5322: 5315: 5311: 5306: 5300:, p. 98. 5299: 5298:Fielding 1981 5295: 5290: 5283: 5278: 5271: 5266: 5260:, p. 97. 5259: 5258:Fielding 1981 5254: 5247: 5242: 5235: 5230: 5228: 5220: 5215: 5208: 5203: 5201: 5194:, p. 89. 5193: 5192:Fielding 1981 5188: 5181: 5176: 5170:, p. 98. 5169: 5168:Fielding 1981 5164: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5141: 5135: 5133: 5126:, p. 38. 5125: 5121: 5116: 5109: 5105: 5100: 5094:, p. 57. 5093: 5088: 5081: 5076: 5070:, p. 85. 5069: 5068:Fielding 1981 5064: 5057: 5056:Fielding 1981 5052: 5046:, p. 64. 5045: 5044:Fielding 1981 5040: 5038: 5036: 5029:, p. 75. 5028: 5027:Fielding 1981 5023: 5016: 5011: 5005:, p. 72. 5004: 5003:Fielding 1981 4999: 4997: 4990:, p. 49. 4989: 4988:Fielding 1981 4984: 4978:, p. 82. 4977: 4976:Fielding 1981 4972: 4966:, p. 73. 4965: 4964:Fielding 1981 4960: 4953: 4952:Fielding 1981 4948: 4946: 4939:, p. 86. 4938: 4937:Fielding 1981 4933: 4927:, p. 67. 4926: 4921: 4919: 4912:, p. 66. 4911: 4906: 4900:, p. 64. 4899: 4894: 4892: 4884: 4879: 4872: 4871:Fielding 1981 4867: 4861:, p. 78. 4860: 4859:Fielding 1981 4855: 4848: 4847:Fielding 1981 4844: 4839: 4832: 4827: 4821:, p. 50. 4820: 4815: 4808: 4803: 4801: 4794:, p. 23. 4793: 4788: 4781: 4776: 4770:, p. 79. 4769: 4764: 4757: 4756:Fielding 1981 4752: 4745: 4740: 4733: 4728: 4721: 4716: 4709: 4704: 4697: 4692: 4686:, p. 96. 4685: 4680: 4673: 4669: 4664: 4657: 4652: 4645: 4640: 4633: 4629: 4626:, p. v; 4625: 4620: 4613: 4612:Fielding 1981 4608: 4602:, p. 73. 4601: 4596: 4594: 4577: 4573: 4567: 4551: 4547: 4541: 4535:, p. 16. 4534: 4529: 4513: 4506: 4490: 4474: 4458: 4454: 4448: 4441: 4436: 4429: 4424: 4417: 4413: 4408: 4401: 4397: 4392: 4390: 4382: 4377: 4375: 4367: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4348: 4343: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4323: 4317:, p. 70. 4316: 4315:Husbands 1988 4311: 4304: 4300: 4295: 4288: 4283: 4281: 4273: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4256: 4251: 4245:, p. 69. 4244: 4243:Husbands 1988 4239: 4232: 4227: 4220: 4215: 4213: 4205: 4201: 4200:Husbands 1988 4196: 4189: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4172: 4168: 4167:Husbands 1988 4163: 4156: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4137: 4133: 4132:Husbands 1988 4128: 4126: 4119:, p. 23. 4118: 4114: 4110: 4105: 4099:, p. 23. 4098: 4093: 4091: 4084:, p. 22. 4083: 4078: 4071: 4066: 4059: 4054: 4048:, p. 21. 4047: 4042: 4036:, p. 19. 4035: 4030: 4023: 4019: 4014: 4007: 4002: 3996:, p. xi. 3995: 3990: 3988: 3980: 3976: 3971: 3965:, p. 90. 3964: 3959: 3952: 3947: 3945: 3937: 3932: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3912: 3906:, p. 44. 3905: 3900: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3884:Fielding 1981 3881: 3876: 3869: 3865: 3860: 3853: 3849: 3844: 3838:, p. 44. 3837: 3833: 3828: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3808: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3784: 3777: 3772: 3765: 3761: 3756: 3750:, p. 36. 3749: 3745: 3740: 3733: 3728: 3726: 3718: 3714: 3709: 3703:, p. 27. 3702: 3698: 3694: 3689: 3683:, p. 27. 3682: 3678: 3673: 3666: 3661: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3637: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3617: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3593: 3586: 3581: 3574: 3569: 3562: 3557: 3550: 3545: 3538: 3533: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3513: 3506: 3501: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3485:Fielding 1981 3482: 3477: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3457: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3441:Fielding 1981 3438: 3433: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3406: 3401: 3394: 3389: 3383:, p. 92. 3382: 3377: 3371:, p. 91. 3370: 3365: 3358: 3353: 3346: 3341: 3334: 3329: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3305: 3298: 3293: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3277:Fielding 1981 3274: 3269: 3263:, p. 84. 3262: 3257: 3251:, p. 17. 3250: 3245: 3238: 3233: 3226: 3221: 3214: 3209: 3203:, p. 19. 3202: 3198: 3193: 3186: 3181: 3175:, p. 75. 3174: 3169: 3163:, p. 74. 3162: 3157: 3150: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3133: 3129: 3124: 3118:, p. 19. 3117: 3116:Fielding 1981 3113: 3108: 3102:, p. 66. 3101: 3096: 3090:, p. 65. 3089: 3084: 3078:, p. 67. 3077: 3072: 3070: 3062: 3057: 3050: 3045: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3025: 3019:, p. 18. 3018: 3014: 3009: 3002: 2997: 2991:, p. 64. 2990: 2985: 2983: 2976:, p. 70. 2975: 2970: 2964:, p. 61. 2963: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2945:, p. 19. 2944: 2943:Fielding 1981 2939: 2932: 2931:Husbands 1983 2927: 2925: 2917: 2913: 2908: 2901: 2896: 2894: 2886: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2870:, p. 18. 2869: 2864: 2862: 2854: 2850: 2845: 2843: 2835: 2831: 2826: 2824: 2816: 2812: 2807: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2767: 2755: 2753: 2747: 2744: 2740: 2735: 2732:In 1974, the 2730: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2706: 2701: 2691: 2689: 2683: 2675: 2671: 2662: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2634: 2632: 2628: 2623: 2621: 2615: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2604:Wolverhampton 2601: 2597: 2593: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2557: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2529:Average vote 2528: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2510: 2509: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2467: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2439: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2411: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2383: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2355: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2299: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2271: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2214: 2213: 2209: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2184: 2183: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2153: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2127: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2093: 2089: 2079: 2074: 2064: 2060: 2055: 2049: 2038: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2027:West Midlands 2024: 2020: 2019:East Midlands 2015: 2010: 2007: 2006: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1988:Bethnal Green 1984: 1982: 1972: 1963: 1960: 1954: 1950: 1948: 1941: 1935: 1929: 1920: 1917: 1913: 1912: 1906: 1892: 1890: 1879: 1874: 1864: 1862: 1858: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1835: 1829: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1799: 1789: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1758:Kevin Gateley 1755: 1749: 1747: 1743: 1742:Liberal Party 1739: 1735: 1731: 1721: 1712: 1708: 1705: 1695: 1691: 1681: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1660:welfare state 1655: 1653: 1649: 1642: 1636: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1599: 1597: 1596:homosexuality 1592: 1591:anti-abortion 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1571: 1564: 1559: 1553:Social issues 1550: 1547: 1542: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1531:protectionist 1528: 1525:but rejected 1524: 1520: 1516: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1449: 1447: 1446: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1420: 1418: 1413: 1405: 1401: 1400: 1394: 1385: 1383: 1379: 1373: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1350: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1311: 1306: 1300: 1294: 1285: 1283: 1282: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1268:Arthur Jensen 1265: 1261: 1257: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1241: 1237: 1232: 1230: 1229:miscegenation 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1189: 1184: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1149: 1143: 1137: 1134: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1099: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1084:Otto Strasser 1079: 1070: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1030: 1024: 1012: 1002: 1000: 995: 993: 990: 986: 981: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 942: 933: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 914:Derek Holland 910: 906: 902: 898: 897:Marcus Garvey 894: 890: 884: 882: 878: 867: 866:Otto Strasser 857: 848: 839: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 816: 812: 808: 798: 796: 791: 787: 782: 780: 776: 772: 766: 760: 755: 753: 749: 745: 734: 732: 728: 724: 720: 715: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 692:Ugandan Asian 688: 685: 684:Roger Eatwell 678: 672: 661: 659: 655: 650: 646: 642: 638: 633: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 606:anti-fascists 598: 594: 592: 588: 577: 575: 571: 567: 563: 557: 555: 549: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 492: 482: 479: 475: 474:working-class 472: 471:white British 468: 462: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 429:through both 428: 424: 420: 416: 415:miscegenation 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 367: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 342:and the 1977 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 304: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 283: 279: 275: 271: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 245: 242: 238: 231: 226: 222: 219: 215: 212: 209: 207: 203: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 177: 174: 172: 169: 168: 164: 155: 152: 150: 147: 145: 142: 140: 137: 136: 134: 132: 128: 122: 119: 117: 114: 113: 111: 107: 91: 87: 84: 81: 77: 73: 71:Deputy Leader 69: 65: 63: 59: 55: 51: 47: 42: 33: 30: 19: 10715: 10669:Cliveden set 10578:John Tyndall 10533:Jack Renshaw 10498:John O'Brien 10438:Colin Jordan 10433:David Irving 10398:Jeffrey Hamm 10393:Nick Griffin 10388:Paul Golding 10338:Mark Collett 10313:Andrew Brons 10268:Ian Anderson 10172:Diana Mosley 10147:Arnold Leese 10047:John Beckett 9965: 9956:London Forum 9845: 9503: 9493:Support base 9454: 9416: 9343: 9339: 9330: 9311: 9283: 9250: 9246: 9237: 9233: 9214: 9195: 9176: 9143: 9139: 9120: 9103: 9099: 9074: 9070: 9051: 9028:(2): 65–79. 9025: 9021: 9001: 8975: 8971: 8954: 8950: 8931: 8917:(1): 56–74. 8914: 8910: 8891: 8872: 8847: 8843: 8824: 8800: 8780: 8755: 8751: 8728: 8714:(3): 23–33. 8711: 8707: 8685: 8678:Shaffer 2013 8669: 8642: 8635:Shaffer 2013 8631:Eatwell 2003 8622: 8610: 8598: 8586: 8574: 8541: 8529: 8517: 8505: 8493: 8481: 8454: 8442: 8435:Shaffer 2013 8430: 8418: 8402: 8397:, p. 7. 8390: 8378:. Retrieved 8372:. Scotland. 8370:The National 8369: 8359: 8351:the original 8346: 8337: 8329:the original 8324: 8315: 8303:. Retrieved 8299:the original 8294: 8285: 8273:. Retrieved 8260: 8248:. Retrieved 8244: 8229:. Retrieved 8225: 8215: 8203: 8191: 8179: 8167: 8155: 8128: 8121:Thurlow 1987 8116: 8104: 8092: 8080: 8068: 8056: 8044: 8032: 8016: 8004: 7960: 7948: 7936: 7924: 7912: 7900: 7888: 7876: 7849: 7822: 7810: 7798: 7782: 7760:Shaffer 2013 7755: 7743: 7731: 7719: 7707: 7695: 7668: 7656: 7644: 7632: 7620: 7613:Thurlow 1987 7608: 7596: 7589:Thurlow 1987 7572:Thurlow 1987 7563: 7551: 7539: 7527: 7511: 7499: 7483: 7471: 7464:Thurlow 1987 7455: 7439: 7404: 7397:Thurlow 1987 7388: 7361: 7349: 7342:Shaffer 2013 7337: 7330:Shaffer 2013 7325: 7318:Shaffer 2013 7313: 7306:Shaffer 2013 7301: 7294:Shaffer 2013 7289: 7282:Shaffer 2013 7267:Shaffer 2013 7262: 7255:Shaffer 2013 7238:Shaffer 2013 7221: 7209: 7174: 7162: 7150: 7138: 7126: 7114: 7102: 7090: 7078: 7066: 7054:. Retrieved 7044: 7032: 7005: 6993: 6981: 6969:. Retrieved 6959: 6947:. Retrieved 6937: 6925: 6913: 6897: 6885: 6873: 6846: 6834: 6822: 6795: 6783: 6771: 6729: 6713: 6697: 6681: 6650: 6630: 6618: 6606: 6594: 6561: 6528: 6516: 6504: 6460: 6448: 6432: 6420: 6408: 6396: 6384: 6372: 6360:. Retrieved 6350: 6338: 6326: 6314: 6302: 6275: 6263: 6228: 6216: 6200: 6184: 6172: 6160: 6148: 6132: 6120: 6108: 6092: 6080: 6064: 6044: 6028: 6016: 5989: 5977: 5965: 5953: 5941: 5929: 5917: 5905: 5889: 5858: 5846: 5830: 5818: 5806: 5779: 5767: 5751: 5739: 5723: 5707: 5695: 5683: 5671: 5651:, p. v. 5644: 5628: 5616: 5604: 5588: 5576: 5564: 5535: 5523: 5511: 5495: 5483: 5476:Shaffer 2013 5471: 5459: 5428: 5412: 5392: 5365: 5345: 5333: 5321: 5305: 5289: 5277: 5265: 5253: 5241: 5214: 5187: 5175: 5144:. Retrieved 5124:Goodwin 2011 5115: 5099: 5087: 5075: 5063: 5051: 5022: 5010: 4983: 4971: 4959: 4932: 4905: 4878: 4873:, p. 9. 4866: 4854: 4838: 4826: 4814: 4787: 4775: 4763: 4751: 4739: 4727: 4715: 4710:, p. 4. 4703: 4691: 4679: 4663: 4651: 4646:, p. 2. 4639: 4632:Eatwell 2003 4619: 4607: 4580:. Retrieved 4576:the original 4566: 4554:. Retrieved 4549: 4540: 4533:Jackson 2011 4528: 4516:. Retrieved 4505: 4493:. Retrieved 4477:. Retrieved 4461:. Retrieved 4447: 4435: 4423: 4407: 4342: 4331:Eatwell 2003 4322: 4310: 4294: 4287:Eatwell 2003 4250: 4238: 4231:Eatwell 2003 4226: 4204:Eatwell 2003 4195: 4188:Eatwell 2003 4171:Eatwell 2003 4162: 4104: 4077: 4065: 4058:Thurlow 1987 4053: 4041: 4029: 4022:Eatwell 2003 4013: 4001: 3979:Eatwell 2003 3970: 3958: 3931: 3911: 3899: 3888:Thurlow 1987 3875: 3859: 3843: 3827: 3807: 3796:Thurlow 1987 3783: 3771: 3755: 3739: 3717:Eatwell 2003 3708: 3688: 3672: 3660: 3649:Eatwell 2003 3636: 3616: 3592: 3580: 3568: 3561:Eatwell 2003 3556: 3549:Thurlow 1987 3544: 3532: 3512: 3500: 3476: 3456: 3445:Thurlow 1987 3432: 3425:Thurlow 1987 3412: 3400: 3388: 3376: 3364: 3352: 3340: 3328: 3321:Eatwell 2003 3317:Thurlow 1987 3304: 3292: 3281:Thurlow 1987 3268: 3256: 3244: 3232: 3220: 3208: 3192: 3180: 3168: 3156: 3149:Thurlow 1987 3132:Eatwell 2003 3123: 3107: 3095: 3083: 3056: 3044: 3024: 3008: 2996: 2969: 2938: 2933:, p. 6. 2907: 2900:Thurlow 1987 2885:Thurlow 1987 2868:Jackson 2011 2834:Shaffer 2013 2815:Eatwell 2003 2806: 2796:14 September 2794:. Retrieved 2790:the original 2785: 2748: 2731: 2711: 2684: 2680: 2668: 2640: 2624: 2620:Inner London 2616: 2606:, 18.54% in 2589: 2175: 2097: 2085: 2076: 2061: 2057: 2051: 2046: 2041:Explanations 2035:dictatorship 2011: 2003: 1985: 1977: 1955: 1951: 1947:common sense 1943: 1937: 1932: 1926: 1915: 1909: 1907: 1903: 1889:jumble sales 1885: 1876: 1837: 1831: 1821: 1814: 1806: 1797: 1795: 1774: 1750: 1734:Adolf Hitler 1726: 1709: 1700: 1688: 1656: 1644: 1638: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1602: 1578: 1575:gender roles 1572: 1568: 1546:distributist 1543: 1512: 1474: 1455: 1443: 1440: 1436:totalitarian 1431: 1423: 1421: 1409: 1397: 1377: 1374: 1368: 1361:anti-Zionist 1358: 1347: 1343: 1333: 1320:tuberculosis 1312: 1308: 1302: 1297: 1291: 1279: 1275: 1260:Hans Eysenck 1253: 1244: 1239: 1235: 1233: 1210: 1186: 1179: 1151: 1145: 1140: 1105: 1080: 1076: 1067: 1051: 1032: 1026: 1021: 996: 989:Islamophobic 982: 958:Ian Anderson 947: 900: 885: 873: 807:Nick Griffin 804: 783: 768: 762: 758: 740: 716: 689: 680: 674: 669: 649:Labour Party 634: 626:Enoch Powell 618:Fleet Street 603: 590: 586: 583: 570:South Africa 558: 550: 538:John Tyndall 499: 463: 419:anti-semitic 383:Strasserites 368: 336:anti-fascist 328:John Tyndall 305: 273: 269: 267: 196:Islamophobia 191:Antisemitism 162: 53:Abbreviation 29: 10829:Strasserism 10613:Paul Weston 10608:Robert West 10588:Adam Walker 10558:Kenny Smith 10528:Robert Relf 10518:Kevin Quinn 10513:Denis Pirie 10503:Roy Painter 10493:David Myatt 10448:Arthur Kemp 10358:Simon Darby 10353:Nicky Crane 10328:Eddy Butler 10323:Jack Buckby 10318:Kevin Bryan 10127:Louis Greig 9730:For Britain 9587:The Britons 9234:New Society 8690:Taylor 1982 8674:Taylor 1982 8662:Taylor 1982 8647:Taylor 1982 8627:Taylor 1982 8615:Taylor 1982 8603:Walker 1977 8591:Taylor 1982 8579:Walker 1977 8567:Walker 1977 8550:Taylor 1982 8546:Walker 1977 8534:Taylor 1982 8522:Taylor 1982 8459:Billig 1978 8447:Billig 1978 8423:Durham 1998 8196:Taylor 1982 8184:Taylor 1982 8160:Taylor 1982 8133:Walker 1977 8049:Taylor 1982 8037:Billig 1978 7997:Taylor 1982 7929:Taylor 1979 7917:Taylor 1982 7803:Walker 1977 7748:Taylor 1982 7736:Taylor 1982 7601:Durham 1998 7556:Taylor 1982 7544:Taylor 1982 7532:Taylor 1982 7520:Billig 1978 7516:Walker 1977 7504:Billig 1978 7476:Walker 1977 7444:Walker 1977 7432:Taylor 1982 7417:Taylor 1982 7409:Walker 1977 7366:Taylor 1982 7234:Durham 1998 7230:Taylor 1982 7179:Walker 1977 7167:Taylor 1982 7155:Walker 1977 7143:Billig 1978 7131:Walker 1977 7107:Taylor 1982 7071:Taylor 1982 6902:Walker 1977 6890:Walker 1977 6878:Walker 1977 6827:Taylor 1982 6776:Walker 1977 6749:Taylor 1982 6734:Taylor 1982 6722:Taylor 1982 6706:Taylor 1982 6690:Taylor 1982 6674:Taylor 1982 6643:Taylor 1982 6583:Walker 1977 6537:Taylor 1982 6509:Durham 1998 6497:Walker 1977 6465:Durham 1998 6453:Durham 1998 6441:Durham 1998 6437:Durham 1995 6425:Billig 1978 6413:Durham 1998 6280:Taylor 1982 6268:Billig 1978 6233:Billig 1978 6221:Billig 1978 6209:Taylor 1982 6189:Walker 1977 6177:Walker 1977 6165:Durham 2012 6153:Durham 2012 6141:Durham 2012 6137:Walker 1977 6125:Walker 1977 6113:Walker 1977 6097:Walker 1977 6085:Taylor 1982 6049:Walker 1977 6033:Walker 1977 6021:Billig 1978 5970:Taylor 1982 5867:Taylor 1982 5863:Billig 1978 5851:Billig 1978 5835:Billig 1978 5823:Taylor 1982 5784:Billig 1978 5772:Billig 1978 5756:Billig 1978 5728:Billig 1978 5712:Billig 1978 5688:Taylor 1982 5676:Billig 1978 5664:Taylor 1982 5649:Billig 1978 5633:Walker 1977 5593:Walker 1977 5581:Walker 1977 5557:Walker 1977 5540:Billig 1978 5528:Taylor 1982 5500:Billig 1978 5421:Durham 1998 5401:Walker 1977 5370:Taylor 1982 5358:Durham 1998 5354:Walker 1977 5338:Billig 1978 5326:Billig 1978 5314:Billig 1978 5294:Billig 1978 5282:Billig 1978 5270:Walker 1977 5246:Billig 1978 5234:Billig 1978 5219:Billig 1978 5207:Billig 1978 5180:Taylor 1982 5120:Copsey 2008 5108:Durham 1998 5104:Taylor 1982 5092:Taylor 1982 5080:Durham 1998 5015:Billig 1978 4925:Taylor 1982 4910:Taylor 1982 4898:Taylor 1982 4883:Durham 1998 4843:Walker 1977 4831:Billig 1978 4780:Taylor 1982 4768:Taylor 1982 4744:Billig 1978 4732:Taylor 1982 4720:Billig 1978 4708:Billig 1978 4696:Taylor 1982 4684:Durham 1998 4672:Durham 1998 4668:Taylor 1982 4656:Billig 1978 4644:Durham 1998 4628:Taylor 1982 4624:Billig 1978 4412:Durham 1998 4396:Durham 1998 4381:Busher 2018 4327:Durham 1995 4299:Durham 1998 4136:Durham 1998 4117:Copsey 2008 4113:Durham 1998 4097:Copsey 2008 4082:Copsey 2008 4070:Copsey 2008 4046:Copsey 2008 4034:Copsey 2008 4018:Taylor 1982 4006:Taylor 1982 3994:Taylor 1982 3975:Taylor 1982 3963:Walker 1977 3951:Taylor 1982 3936:Taylor 1982 3920:Taylor 1982 3916:Walker 1977 3904:Taylor 1982 3880:Walker 1977 3864:Walker 1977 3848:Walker 1977 3836:Taylor 1982 3832:Walker 1977 3816:Taylor 1982 3812:Walker 1977 3792:Taylor 1982 3788:Walker 1977 3776:Walker 1977 3760:Walker 1977 3748:Taylor 1982 3744:Walker 1977 3732:Walker 1977 3713:Taylor 1982 3701:Taylor 1982 3693:Walker 1977 3681:Taylor 1982 3677:Walker 1977 3665:Walker 1977 3645:Taylor 1982 3641:Walker 1977 3625:Durham 1998 3621:Walker 1977 3605:Taylor 1982 3597:Walker 1977 3585:Walker 1977 3573:Walker 1977 3537:Walker 1977 3521:Taylor 1982 3517:Walker 1977 3505:Copsey 2008 3489:Taylor 1982 3481:Walker 1977 3465:Taylor 1982 3461:Walker 1977 3437:Walker 1977 3421:Taylor 1982 3417:Walker 1977 3405:Walker 1977 3393:Walker 1977 3381:Walker 1977 3369:Walker 1977 3357:Walker 1977 3345:Walker 1977 3333:Walker 1977 3313:Taylor 1982 3309:Walker 1977 3297:Walker 1977 3273:Walker 1977 3261:Walker 1977 3249:Copsey 2008 3237:Billig 1978 3225:Billig 1978 3213:Walker 1977 3201:Taylor 1982 3197:Walker 1977 3185:Walker 1977 3173:Walker 1977 3161:Walker 1977 3128:Taylor 1982 3112:Walker 1977 3100:Walker 1977 3088:Walker 1977 3076:Walker 1977 3061:Walker 1977 3049:Billig 1978 3033:Taylor 1982 3029:Walker 1977 3017:Taylor 1982 3013:Walker 1977 3001:Walker 1977 2989:Walker 1977 2962:Walker 1977 2853:Durham 2012 2849:Walker 1977 2811:Taylor 1982 2610:and 17% in 2602:, 20.7% in 2523:Total votes 2135:Total votes 2023:East Anglia 2005:New Society 1916:Searchlight 1911:Searchlight 1852:Skrewdriver 1811:sixth forms 1746:White Power 1406:(pictured). 1354:dogwhistles 1336:antisemitic 1193:imperialist 1035:neo-fascist 815:Strasserite 719:Roy Painter 624:politician 610:Westminster 536:(RPS), and 455:LGBT rights 371:neo-fascist 356:Official NF 289:minor party 223:(2005–2008) 181:Strasserism 144:Neo-fascism 74:Jordan Pont 66:Tony Martin 10758:Categories 10548:Robert Row 10488:John Morse 10423:Tom Holmes 10373:Jim Dowson 10037:John Amery 9755:Liberty GB 9725:Flag Group 9647:Right Club 9483:Opposition 8380:8 December 8061:Steed 1978 8021:Hanna 1974 7787:Steed 1978 7488:Hanna 1974 7202:Hanna 1974 7187:Sykes 2005 7056:8 December 6971:8 December 6949:8 December 6851:Sykes 2005 6839:Sykes 2005 6362:8 December 6343:Sykes 2005 6331:Sykes 2005 6319:Sykes 2005 6307:Sykes 2005 6193:Sykes 2005 6069:Hanna 1974 6009:Sykes 2005 5433:Hanna 1974 5417:Hanna 1974 5397:Hanna 1974 5350:Hanna 1974 5310:Hanna 1974 5146:8 December 4819:Hanna 1974 4807:Sykes 2005 4792:Baker 1985 4514:. BBC News 4495:8 December 4479:8 December 4463:8 December 4440:Sykes 2005 4428:Sykes 2005 4416:Sykes 2005 4400:Sykes 2005 4366:Sykes 2005 4347:Sykes 2005 4335:Sykes 2005 4303:Sykes 2005 4272:Sykes 2005 4255:Sykes 2005 4219:Sykes 2005 4155:Sykes 2005 3924:Sykes 2005 3892:Sykes 2005 3868:Sykes 2005 3852:Sykes 2005 3820:Sykes 2005 3800:Sykes 2005 3764:Sykes 2005 3653:Sykes 2005 3629:Sykes 2005 3609:Sykes 2005 3525:Sykes 2005 3493:Sykes 2005 3469:Sykes 2005 3449:Sykes 2005 3285:Sykes 2005 3037:Sykes 2005 2974:Sykes 2005 2916:Sykes 2005 2912:Baker 1985 2758:References 2694:Opposition 2655:Derbyshire 2514:Candidates 2025:(7%), the 2000:Haggerston 1992:Shoreditch 1966:Voter base 1895:Membership 1762:Trotskyist 1535:monetarist 1515:capitalist 1483:, deeming 1334:The NF is 1188:lebensraum 1171:Union Flag 1166:patriotism 1116:liberalism 1055:Nazi Party 987:(EDL), an 877:Flag Group 811:Joe Pearce 727:High Court 614:Tulse Hill 554:neo-Nazism 393:view that 358:adopted a 171:Neo-Nazism 100:1967-02-07 10738:Red Flare 10463:Alan Lake 10293:John Bean 9925:Combat 18 9914:BNP Youth 9846:Spearhead 9700:Column 88 9368:154032804 9275:154940048 9168:154871273 9091:144461518 8992:144314684 8864:144145359 8772:149419383 2763:Footnotes 2665:Reception 2651:Harrogate 2608:Leicester 2029:(6%) and 1579:Spearhead 1519:socialist 1432:Spearhead 1424:Spearhead 1378:Spearhead 1369:Spearhead 1344:Spearhead 1276:Spearhead 1249:cannibals 1245:Spearhead 1236:Spearhead 1162:class war 1120:communism 1063:Holocaust 974:Combat 18 930:Third Way 628:made his 587:Spearhead 431:communism 379:neo-Nazis 278:far-right 258:Elections 211:Far-right 10722:Redwatch 10413:Ray Hill 9617:The Link 9511:Category 9478:Ideology 8374:Archived 8271:(Report) 4582:4 August 4518:27 April 4457:BBC News 2725:and the 2659:Aberdeen 2600:Sandwell 2217:Oct 1974 2187:Feb 1974 1981:East End 1882:Finances 1777:Brighton 1766:Southall 1625:struggle 1615:and the 1587:abortion 1464:and the 1438:manner. 1417:populist 1274:, while 1197:eugenics 1073:Factions 1005:Ideology 748:Lewisham 591:de facto 566:Rhodesia 451:feminism 405:and the 318:and the 235:natfront 131:Ideology 10716:Candour 9656:Defunct 9473:History 8806:272–289 8699:Sources 8305:12 July 8275:12 July 8250:12 July 8231:12 July 2612:Watford 2253:191,719 2225:113,843 2114:and in 1923:Profile 1900:Numbers 1867:Support 1857:Suffolk 1815:Bulldog 1365:Zionism 1316:leprosy 1047:statism 909:Iranian 832:Marxist 775:in 1918 769:In the 544:of the 528:of the 518:Croydon 485:History 352:Flag NF 293:British 282:fascist 276:) is a 228:Website 98: ( 89:Founded 79:Founder 9366: 9360:193484 9358: 9318: 9290: 9273: 9267:193338 9265: 9221: 9202: 9183: 9166: 9160:193434 9158: 9127: 9089: 9058: 9009: 8990: 8938: 8898: 8879: 8862: 8831: 8812: 8787: 8770: 8735: 2573:12,469 2526:Change 2449:10,784 2281:27,065 2195:76,865 2163:11,449 1996:Hoxton 1666:, and 1617:strong 1609:effort 905:Libyan 62:Leader 9364:S2CID 9356:JSTOR 9271:S2CID 9263:JSTOR 9164:S2CID 9156:JSTOR 9087:S2CID 8988:S2CID 8860:S2CID 8768:S2CID 8269:(PDF) 4556:7 May 2579:2494 2554:1471 2548:1,471 2477:1,114 2421:8,029 2393:2,484 2365:2,716 2337:4,816 2228:1,265 2207:+0.16 2198:1,423 2166:1,145 1807:Spark 1629:tough 1154:Welsh 1133:races 891:like 237:.info 9316:ISBN 9288:ISBN 9238:XLIV 9219:ISBN 9200:ISBN 9181:ISBN 9125:ISBN 9056:ISBN 9007:ISBN 8936:ISBN 8896:ISBN 8877:ISBN 8829:ISBN 8810:ISBN 8785:ISBN 8733:ISBN 8382:2017 8307:2018 8277:2018 8252:2017 8233:2017 7058:2017 6973:2017 6951:2017 6364:2017 5148:2017 4584:2016 4558:2015 4520:2010 4497:2017 4481:2017 4465:2017 2798:2018 2717:and 2645:and 2576:+0.1 2560:1994 2535:1989 2517:MEPs 2511:Year 2470:2015 2442:2010 2414:2005 2386:2001 2377:−0.1 2358:1997 2349:+0.1 2330:1992 2321:−0.1 2302:1987 2293:−0.5 2274:1983 2265:+0.2 2246:1979 2237:+0.2 2169:0.04 2156:1970 2129:Year 1998:and 1959:punk 1633:hard 1631:and 1623:and 1621:work 1607:and 1605:duty 1533:and 1517:nor 1318:and 1270:and 1173:and 1156:and 1118:and 1086:and 970:2001 968:and 966:1997 907:and 895:and 809:and 788:and 568:and 540:and 524:and 476:and 457:and 433:and 385:and 268:The 9348:doi 9255:doi 9148:doi 9108:doi 9079:doi 9030:doi 8980:doi 8959:doi 8919:doi 8852:doi 8760:doi 8716:doi 2570:0.1 2551:N/A 2545:0.0 2489:0.0 2483:0.0 2480:159 2461:0.0 2455:0.0 2452:634 2433:0.0 2427:0.0 2424:617 2405:0.0 2399:0.0 2396:497 2371:0.0 2368:452 2343:0.1 2340:344 2315:0.0 2312:286 2309:286 2287:0.1 2284:451 2259:0.6 2256:633 2250:303 2231:0.4 2201:0.2 2176:N/A 1748:". 1613:fit 1402:of 1094:'s 754:". 373:by 295:or 10760:: 9362:. 9354:. 9344:10 9342:. 9269:. 9261:. 9249:. 9236:. 9162:. 9154:. 9142:. 9104:31 9102:. 9085:. 9075:47 9073:. 9026:11 9024:. 8986:. 8976:28 8974:. 8953:. 8913:. 8858:. 8848:26 8846:. 8808:. 8766:. 8756:66 8754:. 8750:. 8712:19 8710:. 8654:^ 8557:^ 8466:^ 8368:. 8345:. 8323:. 8293:. 8243:. 8237:; 8224:. 8140:^ 7989:^ 7972:^ 7861:^ 7834:^ 7767:^ 7680:^ 7579:^ 7424:^ 7373:^ 7274:^ 7245:^ 7194:^ 7017:^ 6858:^ 6807:^ 6756:^ 6741:^ 6666:^ 6573:^ 6544:^ 6487:^ 6472:^ 6287:^ 6244:^ 6001:^ 5874:^ 5791:^ 5656:^ 5547:^ 5444:^ 5377:^ 5226:^ 5199:^ 5156:^ 5131:^ 5034:^ 4995:^ 4944:^ 4917:^ 4890:^ 4799:^ 4592:^ 4548:. 4486:- 4470:- 4455:. 4388:^ 4373:^ 4354:^ 4279:^ 4262:^ 4211:^ 4178:^ 4143:^ 4124:^ 4089:^ 3986:^ 3943:^ 3724:^ 3139:^ 3068:^ 2981:^ 2950:^ 2923:^ 2892:^ 2875:^ 2860:^ 2841:^ 2822:^ 2784:. 2770:^ 2614:. 2492:0 2464:0 2446:17 2436:0 2418:13 2408:0 2380:0 2352:0 2334:14 2324:0 2296:0 2278:60 2268:0 2240:0 2222:90 2210:0 2192:54 2180:0 2160:10 2037:. 1994:, 1990:, 1914:. 1863:. 1772:. 1654:. 1635:. 1577:. 1505:. 1266:, 1262:, 1211:A 1177:. 1098:. 1001:. 980:. 924:, 576:. 461:. 453:, 441:, 381:, 280:, 274:NF 56:NF 9916:) 9912:( 9545:e 9538:t 9531:v 9447:e 9440:t 9433:v 9370:. 9350:: 9324:. 9296:. 9277:. 9257:: 9251:9 9227:. 9208:. 9189:. 9170:. 9150:: 9144:9 9133:. 9114:. 9110:: 9093:. 9081:: 9064:. 9036:. 9032:: 9015:. 8994:. 8982:: 8965:. 8961:: 8955:3 8944:. 8925:. 8921:: 8915:4 8904:. 8885:. 8866:. 8854:: 8837:. 8818:. 8793:. 8774:. 8762:: 8741:. 8722:. 8718:: 8384:. 8309:. 8279:. 8254:. 8235:. 7060:. 6975:. 6953:. 6366:. 5150:. 4586:. 4560:. 4522:. 4499:. 4483:. 4467:. 2800:. 2567:0 2564:5 2542:0 2539:1 2486:0 2474:7 2458:0 2430:0 2402:0 2390:5 2374:0 2362:6 2346:0 2318:0 2306:1 2290:0 2262:0 2234:0 2204:0 2172:0 1945:" 868:. 272:( 165:: 102:) 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

National Front (UK)

Index