462:"Before descending into the bowels of the ship, we had passed from the deck into a long narrow apartment, not unlike a gigantic hearse with windows in the sides; having at the upper end a melancholy stove at which three or four chilly stewards were warming their hands; while on either side, extending down its whole dreary length, was a long, long table over which a rack, fixed to the low roof and stuck full of drinking-glasses and cruet-stands, hinted dismally at rolling seas and heavy weather."
576:
810:
725:
23:
1043:
1122:
470:"..deducting the two berths, one above the other (the top one a most inaccessible shelf) than which nothing smaller for sleeping in was ever made except coffins, it was no bigger than one of those hackney cabriolets which have the door behind and soot their fares out, like sacks of coals, upon the pavement."
375:. The other steamships under construction for Atlantic service at the time were also bigger than Cunard's initial units. Cunard's final contract added a fourth unit to insure that the fortnightly schedule could be maintained ten months a year with sailings during the height of winter reduced to monthly.
307:
times for the quartette were 13 days, 6 hours (7.9 knots, 14.6 km/h, 9.1 mph) westbound and 11 days, 3 hours (9.3 kn, 17.2 km/h, 10.7 mph) eastbound. The initial four units were insufficient to meet the contracted sailings, and an enhanced unit, the
919:
1183:
821:
took the first sailing to New York when Cunard added that city to the schedule in 1848. She was also sold to the
Spanish Navy in 1850 and converted to the transport ship
1188:
668:. In August 1853, she took the new line’s initial sailing, but required 24 days to reach New York because of boiler problems. Sailings were erratic until the fleet was
735:
was launched on 14 September 1840. She was also known as a fast ship and held the Blue Riband for three years. On 2 July 1843, she was wrecked on Devil's Limb Reef at
1123:"Paddle Steamer COLUMBIA built by Robert Steele & Co. in 1840 for The British & North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, Glasgow, Passenger / Cargo"
252:
initial fleet of wooden paddlers that established the first year round scheduled
Atlantic steamship service in 1840. By 1845, steamships carried half of the
1044:"Paddle Steamer CALEDONIA built by Charles Wood in 1840 for The British & North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, Glasgow, Passenger / Cargo"
648:
had a reputation for speed, but never actually won a speed record. She was also sold in 1849 to the North German
Confederation Navy for conversion to a
444:
quartette also carried 115 passengers traveling in a single class along with 225 tons of cargo. The dining room was a long deck house aft of the
260:
class were solid performers, they were not superior to many of the other steamers being placed on the
Atlantic at that time. What made the
1193:
264:
class successful is that it was the first homogeneous class of transatlantic steamships to provide a frequent and uniform service.
528:
Cunard quickly realized that five units were required to maintain the fortnightly service and in 1843 he commissioned an enhanced
1203:
684:
was out of service after the war until she was sold to
British shipowners. Her final deployment was as a troopship during the
1030:
Passenger Liners of the
Western Ocean: A Record of Atlantic Steam and Motor Passenger Vessels from 1838 to the Present Day
440:
Cunard's major concern was the delivery of the mail and most of the ship’s space was allocated to engines and coal. The
452:
had the ship's cow and overturned boats protected vegetables from the weather. Smoking was limited to the upper deck.
1178:
1072:
282:
in 1841 enabling Cunard to provide the dependable schedule of sailings required under his mail contracts with the
660:
was sold to W. A. Fritze and
Company of Bremen, Germany's first oceangoing steamship venture. The former
612:
286:. It was these mail contracts that enabled Cunard to survive when all of his early competitors failed.
817:
Hibernia was launched in 1842 and departed
Liverpool on her maiden voyage on 19 April 1843 to Halifax.
813:
A depiction of RMS Hibernia in 1843. This is possibly the only depiction of
Hibernia while she existed.
283:
1198:
736:
379:
964:
856:
62:
560:
took the westbound Blue Riband when she entered service in 1845 and held the honor until 1848.
383:
356:
253:
224:
157:
131:
1097:
706:
departed
Liverpool for Halifax on her maiden voyage on 19 September 1840. She was sold to the
669:
483:
399:
161:
881:. She held the Blue Riband for the fastest westbound Atlantic voyage from July 1845 until
628:
590:
348:
304:
8:
395:
927:
620:
608:
458:
and his wife crossed from Liverpool to Boston during a January 1842 storm. He wrote:
904:
s sister was sold before completion. After serving as a trooper in the Crimean War,
430:
371:. When completed, Cunard's ships grew to 1,150 GRT but were still 15% smaller than
943:
752:
426:
290:
532:
with an additional 300 hp (220 kW). While 21% larger than the original
1147:
455:
296:
227:
two-cylinder side-lever steam engine, 1,040 ihp (780 kW), paddle wheels
22:
422:
1172:
689:
685:
616:
584:
445:
368:
340:
265:
707:
603:
448:
and the only other public room was a small ladies cabin. A special padded
418:
327:
were sold to foreign navies after completing forty round trips for Cunard.
256:
saloon passengers and Cunard dominated this trade. While the units of the
953:
845:
782:
762:
677:
632:
575:
510:
479:
434:
249:
177:
52:
44:
Robert Duncan & Co., John & Charles Wood, Robert Steele & Co.
909:
449:
387:
809:
673:
525:
also took the eastbound record in April 1843 before she was wrecked.
344:
300:
1073:"EL PADDLE STEAMER CALEDONIA, LUEGO CONDE DE REGLA… | Vida Marítima"
1000:
Record breakers of the North Atlantic, Blue Riband Liners 1838-1953
890:
598:
403:
165:
649:
364:
724:
624:
352:
299:
unfavourably likened to a "gigantic hearse". Mean 1840 – 1841
30:
of 1840, the first Cunard liner built for transatlantic service
893:
in April 1846, but was towed off. She was to be replaced by
429:
for sails. To speed delivery, construction of the wooden
323:
In 1849 and 1850, the surviving original units along with
421:, resulting in a unique profile. The ships had three
908:
was briefly placed back on the Boston service until
664:
was converted back to an Atlantic liner and renamed
1184:
Victorian-era passenger ships of the United Kingdom
295:and only carried 115 passengers in conditions that
1189:Victorian-era merchant ships of the United Kingdom
331:remained in the Cunard fleet for another decade.
1170:
339:In his initial negotiations with Admiral Parry,
208:219 ft (67 m) (between perpendiculars)
141:207 ft (63 m) (between perpendiculars)
160:two-cylinder side-lever steam engine, 740
417:s boilers were located aft of her engines and
926:was sold to Italian owners and served in the
918:went into reserve except for charter to the
825:. The former Cunarder was retired in 1868.
597:. Fitted with nine guns, she served as the
544:immediately took the eastbound record from
920:European and Australian Royal Mail Company
615:. In June 1852 she was transferred to the
552:was lost in 1843, a second enhanced unit,
316:was wrecked in 1843 without loss of life,
235:9.5 knots (17.6 km/h; 10.9 mph)
1070:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
808:
723:
574:
517:in April 1841 before losing it again to
410:. Unlike most other Atlantic steamers,
343:contemplated a fortnightly service from
289:Cunard's ships were reduced versions of
1098:"Conde de Regla (1850) - Todoavante.es"
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
714:in july 1852, and was retired in 1861.
394:class, Napier designed a two-cylinder
390:'s supplier of steam engines. For the
216:35 ft (11 m) (without wheels)
149:34 ft (10 m) (without wheels)
1171:
1071:Sanahuja, Vicente (27 November 2008).
997:
363:, which had just entered service from
1028:Gibbs, Charles Robert Vernon (1957).
1027:
982:
627:. Twenty-eight years later, she was
466:Describing the cabin, Dickens wrote:
359:steamers. This was 40% smaller than
334:
1092:
1090:
1066:
1064:
1006:
877:was the replacement for the wrecked
563:
540:only carried five more passengers.
631:and in July 1880 she was sunk as a
13:
14:
1215:
1087:
1061:
656:. When that navy was dissolved,
556:was ordered as her replacement.
406:), just ten horsepower less than
378:Samuel Cunard's major backer was
1194:Steamships of the United Kingdom
107:General characteristics :
21:
897:in 1852, but was retained when
579:A painting of the RMS Britannia
497:took the eastbound record from
486:, they were only able to match
312:entered service in 1843. When
185:General characteristics :
1204:Ships built on the River Clyde
1148:"Cunard Steamship Fleet, 1849"
1140:
1115:
1036:
885:won the record in June 1848.
548:and held it until 1849. When
1:
975:
695:
568:
505:regained it in April 1842.
320:was ordered to replace her.
278:entered service in 1840 and
7:
802:
717:
180:(17 km/h; 10 mph)
10:
1220:
867:
961:
950:
940:
935:
853:
843:
835:
830:
790:
780:
770:
759:
749:
744:
702:Launched on 13 May 1840,
638:
184:
106:
35:
20:
1179:Ships of the Cunard Line
930:until scrapped in 1875.
739:, without loss of life.
737:Seal Island, Nova Scotia
728:Artwork for RMS Columbia
433:was contracted to three
998:Kludas, Arnold (1999).
814:
729:
580:
472:
464:
384:Robert Napier and Sons
158:Robert Napier and Sons
812:
727:
593:Navy and renamed SMS
578:
484:power-to-weight ratio
468:
460:
355:using three 800
1127:www.clydeships.co.uk
1048:www.clydeships.co.uk
613:Battle of Heligoland
591:German Confederation
501:in August 1840, but
400:indicated horsepower
956:(Westbound record)
914:was commissioned.
848:(Eastbound Record)
785:(Eastbound Record)
765:(Westbound record)
509:took the westbound
1002:. London: Chatham.
928:Royal Italian Navy
815:
730:
609:Karl Rudolf Brommy
581:
398:that produced 740
335:History and design
973:
972:
962:Succeeded by
865:
864:
854:Succeeded by
800:
799:
791:Succeeded by
771:Succeeded by
710:in 1850, renamed
564:Service histories
482:had a favourable
396:side lever engine
239:
238:
59:Succeeded by
1211:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1094:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1068:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1032:. John De Graff.
1025:
1004:
1003:
995:
941:Preceded by
933:
932:
903:
836:Preceded by
828:
827:
750:Preceded by
742:
741:
658:Ersherzog Johann
654:Ersherzog Johann
589:was sold to the
492:
416:
168:), paddle wheels
25:
18:
17:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1199:Paddle steamers
1169:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1156:
1154:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1131:
1129:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1106:
1104:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1026:
1007:
996:
983:
978:
969:
958:
948:
901:
872:
861:
850:
841:
807:
796:
787:
776:
767:
757:
722:
700:
688:before she was
643:
573:
566:
490:
456:Charles Dickens
414:
337:
297:Charles Dickens
86:1840–1845
31:
12:
11:
5:
1217:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1165:
1164:
1139:
1114:
1086:
1060:
1035:
1005:
980:
979:
977:
974:
971:
970:
963:
960:
952:Holder of the
949:
942:
938:
937:
871:
866:
863:
862:
855:
852:
842:
837:
833:
832:
806:
801:
798:
797:
792:
789:
778:
777:
772:
769:
761:Holder of the
758:
751:
747:
746:
721:
716:
712:Conde de Regla
699:
694:
642:
637:
629:decommissioned
619:and used as a
583:In March 1849
572:
567:
565:
562:
336:
333:
237:
236:
233:
229:
228:
222:
218:
217:
214:
210:
209:
206:
202:
201:
200:1,400 GRT
198:
194:
193:
182:
181:
174:
170:
169:
155:
151:
150:
147:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
128:
124:
123:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
73:
69:
68:
60:
56:
55:
50:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
36:Class overview
33:
32:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1216:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1128:
1124:
1118:
1103:
1102:todoavante.es
1099:
1093:
1091:
1074:
1067:
1065:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1031:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1001:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
981:
968:
967:
957:
955:
947:
946:
945:Great Western
939:
934:
931:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
912:
907:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
870:
860:
859:
849:
847:
840:
834:
829:
826:
824:
820:
811:
805:
795:
786:
784:
779:
775:
774:Great Western
766:
764:
756:
755:
754:Great Western
748:
743:
740:
738:
734:
726:
720:
715:
713:
709:
705:
698:
693:
691:
687:
686:Indian Mutiny
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
641:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
621:barracks ship
618:
617:Prussian Navy
614:
610:
606:
605:
600:
596:
592:
588:
587:
577:
571:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
526:
524:
520:
519:Great Western
516:
515:Great Western
512:
508:
504:
503:Great Western
500:
499:Great Western
496:
489:
488:Great Western
485:
481:
477:
471:
467:
463:
459:
457:
453:
451:
447:
443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:paddle wheels
413:
409:
408:Great Western
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
380:Robert Napier
376:
374:
373:Great Western
370:
366:
362:
361:Great Western
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
341:Samuel Cunard
332:
330:
326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
306:
302:
298:
294:
293:
292:Great Western
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
268:
263:
259:
255:
254:transatlantic
251:
250:Cunard Line's
247:
245:
234:
231:
230:
226:
223:
220:
219:
215:
212:
211:
207:
204:
203:
199:
196:
195:
192:
188:
183:
179:
175:
172:
171:
167:
163:
159:
156:
153:
152:
148:
145:
144:
140:
137:
136:
133:
129:
126:
125:
122:
118:
114:
110:
105:
101:
98:
97:
93:
90:
89:
85:
82:
81:
77:
74:
71:
70:
67:
65:
61:
58:
57:
54:
51:
48:
47:
43:
40:
39:
34:
29:
24:
19:
16:
1155:. Retrieved
1151:
1142:
1130:. Retrieved
1126:
1117:
1105:. Retrieved
1101:
1077:. Retrieved
1075:(in Spanish)
1051:. Retrieved
1047:
1038:
1029:
999:
965:
951:
944:
923:
922:. In 1860,
915:
910:
905:
898:
894:
889:grounded on
886:
882:
878:
874:
873:
868:
857:
844:
838:
822:
818:
816:
803:
793:
781:
773:
760:
753:
732:
731:
718:
711:
708:Spanish Navy
703:
701:
696:
681:
665:
661:
657:
653:
645:
644:
639:
604:Reichsflotte
602:
594:
585:
582:
569:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
527:
522:
518:
514:
506:
502:
498:
494:
487:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
454:
441:
439:
427:full rigging
411:
407:
391:
377:
372:
360:
338:
328:
324:
322:
317:
313:
309:
291:
288:
279:
275:
271:
266:
261:
257:
243:
241:
240:
190:
186:
120:
116:
112:
108:
75:
63:
27:
15:
954:Blue Riband
846:Blue Riband
783:Blue Riband
763:Blue Riband
678:Crimean War
676:during the
633:target ship
511:Blue Riband
437:shipyards.
130:1,150
53:Cunard Line
1173:Categories
1157:19 October
1132:20 October
1053:20 October
976:References
959:1845–1848
851:1843–1849
768:1841–1843
595:Barbarossa
493:s speed.
450:deck house
402:(550
388:Royal Navy
221:Propulsion
164:(550
154:Propulsion
72:Subclasses
1152:nshdpi.ca
704:Caledonia
697:Caledonia
692:in 1858.
670:chartered
586:Britannia
570:Britannia
534:Britannia
530:Britannia
521:in 1843.
495:Britannia
476:Britannia
442:Britannia
412:Britannia
392:Britannia
351:and onto
345:Liverpool
301:Liverpool
284:Admiralty
276:Caledonia
267:Britannia
262:Britannia
258:Britannia
244:Britannia
117:Caledonia
109:Britannia
91:Completed
49:Operators
28:Britannia
936:Records
891:Cape Cod
879:Columbia
839:Columbia
831:Records
819:Hibernia
804:Hibernia
794:Hibernia
745:Records
733:Columbia
719:Columbia
690:scrapped
682:Germania
674:trooping
666:Germania
599:flagship
550:Columbia
546:Columbia
542:Hibernia
538:Hibernia
523:Columbia
507:Columbia
478:and her
386:was the
382:, whose
369:New York
325:Hibernia
314:Columbia
310:Hibernia
280:Columbia
248:was the
187:Hibernia
121:Columbia
76:Hibernia
41:Builders
1107:2 March
1079:2 March
966:America
924:Cambria
916:Cambria
906:Cambria
887:Cambria
883:America
875:Cambria
869:Cambria
823:Velasco
650:frigate
611:in the
601:of the
558:Cambria
554:Cambria
480:sisters
365:Bristol
349:Halifax
329:Cambria
318:Cambria
305:Halifax
197:Tonnage
191:Cambria
127:Tonnage
64:America
911:Persia
899:Arabia
895:Arabia
858:Canada
662:Acadia
646:Acadia
640:Acadia
625:Danzig
607:under
474:While
446:funnel
353:Boston
272:Acadia
225:Napier
205:Length
189:&
138:Length
119:&
113:Acadia
902:'
788:1843
513:from
491:'
435:Clyde
431:hulls
423:masts
415:'
246:class
232:Speed
178:knots
173:Speed
83:Built
78:class
66:class
1159:2023
1134:2023
1109:2024
1081:2024
1055:2023
672:for
425:and
274:and
242:The
213:Beam
146:Beam
99:Lost
623:at
367:to
357:GRT
347:to
162:ihp
132:GRT
1175::
1150:.
1125:.
1100:.
1089:^
1063:^
1046:.
1008:^
984:^
680:.
652:,
635:.
536:,
404:kW
303:-
270:,
176:9
166:kW
115:,
111:,
1161:.
1136:.
1111:.
1083:.
1057:.
102:3
94:6
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