508:
629:
611:
647:
429:
115:
519:. Overall, when compared with other Middle Cambrian formations in the region, the Bright Angel Shale body fossils are fragmentary and rare. Although it is relatively barren regionally of body fossils, individual beds can be rich in complete body fossils. Individual beds within the Bright Angel Shale are as productive as many of the other Cambrian formations in the Great Basin and Rocky Mountain regions. The Bright Angel Shale has yielded at least 15
579:
transgressions and regressions. However, parts of it have also been more recently interpreted as including estuary and tidal flat settings influenced by storm events. This interpretation is based on the type of cross-bedding in sandstones and presence of wavy or lenticular heterolithic bedding, both of which indicate a changing tidal environment. Finally, the lack of
499:
canyon. It is 100 m (330 ft) thick in Bright Angel Canyon. The complex interfingering of the Bright Angel Shale with the overlying Muav
Limestone is the main cause of the variability in its thickness. South the Grand Canyon, decreases in thickness only a few feet thick in the Juniper Mountains north of Prescott, Arizona.
583:
in the shales, the dominant lithology of the formation is regarded as evidence for minimal marine influence during their deposition. Isolated shale beds within the Bright Angel Shale that contain a well preserved and diverse fauna of trilobites, brachiopods and others fossils likely represent periods
494:
throughout the Grand Canyon. These sedimentary structures include horizontal laminations, small- to large-scale planar tabular and trough cross-stratification, and wavy and lenticular bedding. The isolated coarse-grained and conglomeratic sandstones are typically structureless and crudely stratified
498:
In the Grand Canyon, the Bright Angel Shale is generally about 110 to 150 m (360 to 490 ft) thick. In the western Grand Canyon, the Bright Angel Shale is over 140 m (460 ft) thick and decrease eastward in thickness to only about 82 m (269 ft) at
Toroweap in the central
596:
to indicate that it crosses time lines and becomes younger toward the east. In their interpretation, the base of the Bright Angel Shale and its lower third of it is late Early
Cambrian whereas in the eastern part of the canyon its base and entire thickness is Middle Cambrian. In 2018, K. Karlstrom
338:
that include current, oscillation, and interference ripples. The Bright Angel Shale also gradually grades downward into the underlying
Tapeats Sandstone. It also complexly interfingers with the overlying Muav Limestone. These characters make the upper and lower contacts of the Bright Angel Shale
674:
The units of the Tonto Group and the colorful Bright Angel Shale are easily identified as a geological sequence beneath the tall cliffs of the
Redwall Limestone (the Redwall sits upon a short resistant cliff of Muav Limestone); the Tonto Group is also easily seen beside Granite Gorge of the
578:
Initially, the Bright Angel Shale, largely on the presence of glauconite, was regarded to have accumulated within the deeper part of a marine shelf. Later, the Bright Angel Shale is typically interpreted as a shallow marine shelf unit and its various members are interpreted to be to minor
487:. Glauconite also occurs in and imparts a greenish color to many of the siltstones and sandstones. Towards its base, the Bright Angel Shale becomes increasingly coarser with increasing frequency of sandstone beds until it grades gradually into the Tapeats Sandstone.
444:, mixture of interbedded shale, mudstone, siltstone, fine-grained sandstone, and isolated beds of limestone. The dominant lithology within the Bright Angel Shale is greenish shale that is composed largely of
408:
beds and a lower set of limestone beds. Noble's lower set of limestone beds is now defined as the Muav
Limestone and the Frenchman Mountain Dolostone is now defined as Noble's upper set of dolomite beds.
1528:
339:
often difficult to define. Typically, its thin-bedded shales and sandstones erode into green and red-brown slopes that rise from the Tonto
Platform up to cliffs formed by limestones of the overlying
597:
and others found that the
Tapeats Sandstone is younger than previously interpreted and does not get younger to the east. As a result, the Bright Angel Shale lies entirely in the Middle Cambrian.
515:
Within the Grand Canyon, the Bright Angel Shale is the most fossiliferous of the five formations that comprise the Tonto Group. It contains a variety of body fossils and is rich in
334:. It ranges in thickness from 57 to 450 ft (17 to 137 m). Typically, its thin-bedded shales and sandstones are interbedded in cm-scale cycles. They also exhibit abundant
142:) (Tapeats forms the "Tonto Platform"), inner canyon, Granite Gorge. (The 3 units – Muav, Bright Angel, and Tapeats, are easily seen below the red-stained
925:
Geology of Grand Canyon, northern
Arizona (with Colorado River guides): Lees Ferry to Pierce Ferry, Arizona. Field trips for the 28th international geological congress.
1072:
The Great
Unconformity and the Late Proterozoic-Cambrian Time Interval: Part II - The Rifting of Rodinia and the "Snowball Earth" Glaciations That Followed.
723:
Karlstrom, K.E., Mohr, M.T., Schmitz, M.D., Sundberg, F.A., Rowland, S.M., Blakey, R., Foster, J.R., Crossey, L.J., Dehler, C.M. and Hagadorn, J.W., 2020.
696:
1037:
355:
In 1875, G. K. Gilbert recognized that strata exposed near the bottom of parts of the Grand Canyon are similar to those known elsewhere in Arizona as the
416:, based upon prominent beds of limestone and sandstone within it. However, these members have found to be confusing and unhelpful in understanding the
986:
Palaeoecology of the Bright Angel Shale in the eastern Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, incorporating sedimentological, ichnological and palynological data
412:
E. D. McKee and C. E. Resser largely retained Noble's nomenclature. However, they did subdivide the Bright Angel Shale into a number of subdivisions,
1658:
941:
Trilobites and other fauna from two quarries in the Bright Angel Shale (Middle Cambrian, Series 3; Delamaran), Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona.
592:
In 1945, E. D. McKee and C. E. Resser used trilobite fossil assemblages to determine age of the Bright Angel Shale. They interpreted the trilobite
1070:
1062:
1623:
1001:
Karlstrom, K., Hagadorn, J., Gehrels, G., Matthews, W., Schmitz, M., Madronich, L., Mulder, J., Pecha, M., Giesler, D. and Crossey, L., 2018.
1628:
1523:
1248:
1055:
1049:
1653:
1633:
397:. He named the Bright Angel Shale after Bright Angel Canyon because in the walls of this canyon, this formation is well exposed.
1638:
1122:
1492:
1080:
Grand Canyon Supergroup Six Unconformities Make One Great Unconformity A Record of Supercontinent Assembly and Disassembly
1078:
1497:
507:
1031:
1584:
1518:
1484:
1200:
691:
456:. A reddish brown coloration is imparted to a number of the sandstone and siltstone beds by the high percentage of
1084:
1577:
1064:
The Great Unconformity of the Grand Canyon and the Late Proterozoic-Cambrian Time Interval: Part I – Defining It.
1591:
1502:
847:, vol. 3. U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey, Publication of the Wheeler Survey, Washington, D.C., 681 pp.
1170:
1042:
389:
In 1914, L F. Noble renamed Gilbert's subdivisions of the Tonto Group. He renamed the Tonto sandstone as the
905:
Cambrian stratigraphic nomenclature and ground-water prospecting failures on the Hualapai Plateau, Arizona.
584:
of shallow marine shelf deposition during periods of high, relative sea levels in the Grand Canyon region.
344:
1243:
972:. Natural Resource Report NPS/GRCA/NRR—2020/2103. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, 603 pp.
827:. Natural Resource Report NPS/GRCA/NRR—2020/2103. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, 603 pp.
1160:
1115:
463:
and iron oxide cements that they contain. Isolated beds of coarse-grained sandstone with either basal
1643:
845:
Report on the Geographical and Geological Explorations and Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian
1648:
1552:
1533:
970:
Grand Canyon National Park: Centennial Paleontological Resource Inventory (Non-sensitive Version)
825:
Grand Canyon National Park: Centennial Paleontological Resource Inventory (Non-sensitive Version)
1364:
1253:
1145:
701:
420:
of the Bright Angel Shale and are typically ignored and rarely used in the published literature.
404:
by L. F. Noble. According to Noble's definition, the Muav Limestone consisted of an upper set of
371:
250:
796:
1327:
638:
3-unit sequence is visible above the Colorado River (side intersecting canyon to Granite Gorge)
628:
554:
The trace fossils found in the Bright Angel Shale consist of arthropod tracks and trails, worm
464:
1618:
1597:
1561:
1417:
1155:
1108:
680:
491:
335:
227:
566:
level. In addition, wrinkle structures have been found within the Bright Angel Shale in the
1395:
1238:
1228:
1165:
1091:
610:
374:, he also subdivided the Tonto Group into three subdivisions, from youngest to oldest, the
284:
155:
428:
8:
1568:
1369:
1268:
1263:
1233:
927:
Museum of Northern Arizona Press, Flagstaff, Arizona. pp. 128–129. doi:10.1029/FT115p0128
359:. Based upon this similarity, he assigned the strata that form the lowermost part of the
841:
Report upon the geology of portions of Nevada, Utah, California, and Arizona, Chapter 6.
1539:
1422:
1374:
1208:
646:
511:
Fossil trilobites from Bright Angel Shale. Image courtesy of Grand Canyon National Park
413:
1546:
1332:
1307:
1283:
1180:
1150:
1027:
792:
660:
185:
143:
135:
125:
1003:
Cambrian Sauk transgression in the Grand Canyon region redefined by detrital zircons
725:
Redefining the Tonto Group of Grand Canyon and recalibrating the Cambrian time scale
1302:
1039:
Angular unconformity between Proterozoic and Cambrian rocks, Grand Canyon, Arizona.
784:
567:
480:
440:
In the Grand Canyon, the Bright Angel Shale is typically a heterogenous, sometimes
1438:
1292:
1218:
593:
467:
or conglomeratic sandstone also locally occur within the Bright Angel Shale. The
405:
1443:
1390:
1359:
1278:
992:
Special Publications 228. Geological Society of London, London, United Kingdom.
990:
The application of ichnology to palaeoenvironmental and stratigraphic analysis.
945:
Cambrian Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Northern Arizona and Southern Nevada.
676:
340:
175:
1051:
The Grand Age of Rocks: The Numeric Ages for Rocks Exposed within Grand Canyon
242:
northern Arizona, southeast California, southern Nevada, and southcentral Utah
1612:
1337:
1317:
1297:
1223:
1213:
1190:
921:
Cambrian stratigraphic nomenclature, Grand Canyon, Arizona: Mappers nightmare
66:
27:
114:
1529:
National Register of Historic Places listings in Grand Canyon National Park
1405:
1400:
1342:
1322:
1185:
1131:
861:
A section of the Paleozoic formations of the Grand Canyon at the Bass Trail
664:
663:
cliffs and horizontal platforms on the Muav Limestone on (white)-greenish (
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417:
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1412:
1347:
1312:
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291:
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41:
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563:
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532:
484:
303:
86:
51:
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Later in 1922, the Marbled limestone was redefined and renamed as the
1469:
580:
570:. They are classified as microbially induced sedimentary structures.
558:, and dwelling structures. Some of these have been identified at the
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223:
209:
91:
35:
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449:
288:
265:
Bright Angel Canyon, Bright Angel quadrangle, Coconino Co., Arizona
81:
76:
61:
56:
46:
16:
Cambrian geologic formation found in the Southwestern United States
964:
Miller, A.E., Marchetti, L., Francischini, H., Lucas, S.G., 2020.
984:
Baldwin, C.T., Strother, P.K. , Beck, J.H. , and Rose, E., 2004.
788:
761:
Museum of Northern Arizona Press, Flagstaff, Arizona. pp. 90–106.
540:
520:
299:
295:
96:
71:
943:
in Hollingsworth, J.S., Sundberg, F.A. & Foster, J.R., eds.
490:
The siltstones and sandstones of the Bright Angel Shale exhibit
1100:
555:
528:
472:
468:
445:
441:
363:
315:
307:
966:
Paleozoic invertebrate ichnology of Grand Canyon national Park
1097:, National Park Service, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona.
1058:, National Park Service, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona.
536:
319:
213:
923:, in Elston, D.P., Billingsley, G.H., and Young, R.A., eds.
460:
311:
119:
Muav Limestone – (dark or light gray, brown, or orange-red
436:
on North Rim. Image courtesy of Grand Canyon National Park
1045:, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota.
1026:
Grand Canyon Association (publisher), 2008, 176 pages,
779:
The Shinumo quadrangle, Grand Canyon district, Arizona.
432:
The Bright Angel Shale exposed on canyon wall beneath
819:
Connors, T.B., Tweet, J.S., and Santucci, V.L., 2020.
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
980:
978:
968:. In: Santucci, V.L., Tweet, J.S., ed., pp. 277–331,
719:
717:
620:(adjacent prominence is Tiyo Point, of the North Rim)
960:
958:
956:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
697:
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Arizona
298:
in the Grand Canyon, Arizona, and parts of northern
995:
823:. In: Santucci, V.L., Tweet, J.S., ed., pp. 54–74,
734:
975:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
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714:
953:
802:
294:. It and the other formations of the Tonto Group
1610:
1077:Timmons, M. K. Karlstrom, and C. Dehler (1999)
870:
935:
933:
892:Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication
835:
833:
1116:
314:. The Bright Angel Shale consists of locally
1524:List of trails in Grand Canyon National Park
889:Cambrian history of the Grand Canyon region.
855:
853:
773:
771:
769:
767:
1024:Ancient Landscapes of the Colorado Plateau,
930:
913:
897:
830:
1123:
1109:
1085:Boatman's Quarterly Review. vol. 12, no. 1
1043:GeoDIL, A Geoscience Digital Image Library
821:Stratigraphy of Grand Canyon National Park
318:, green and red-brown, micaceous, fissile
850:
764:
753:Middleton, L.T. and Elliott, D.K., 2003.
326:with local, thicker beds of brown to tan
1659:Cambrian southern paleotropical deposits
1249:Grand Canyon–Parashant National Monument
757:, in Beus, S. S., and Morales, M., eds.
506:
427:
573:
495:and overlie a locally scoured surface.
1611:
1095:(Grand Canyon Geology Training Manual)
195:67 m (220 ft) at its maximum
1624:Shale formations of the United States
1104:
887:McKee, E.D., and Resser, C.E., 1945,
782:U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin. 549.
1493:Powell Geographic Expedition of 1869
1093:Learning to Read the Pages of a Book
988:. In: D. McIlroy, ed., pp. 213-236.
1629:Natural history of the Grand Canyon
1498:1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision
1056:Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona
948:Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin
843:In Wheeler, G.M., ed., pp. 17–187,
130:) and Bright Angel Shale (greenish
13:
1016:
14:
1670:
1048:Mathis, A., and C. Bowman (2007)
543:, four genera of possible marine
1654:Cambrian System of North America
1585:Grand Canyon: The Hidden Secrets
1519:Grand Canyon Backcountry Camping
1130:
692:Geology of the Grand Canyon area
645:
627:
616:Relative long distance photo of
609:
146:(220 m (720 ft) thick)
113:
39:
1578:The Man Who Walked Through Time
865:U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin
471:fraction of these beds contain
350:
1634:Geologic formations of Arizona
1592:Grand Canyon: A Different View
1503:Grand Canyon Airlines Flight 6
1022:Blakey, Ron and Wayne Ranney,
423:
1:
1639:Geologic formations of Nevada
1171:Grand Canyon Village, Arizona
707:
475:, minor amounts of potassium
370:. Without designating formal
302:, central Arizona, southeast
345:Frenchman Mountain Dolostone
7:
1244:Grand Canyon Forest Reserve
685:
393:and the Tonto shale as the
366:in the Grand Canyon to the
10:
1675:
1161:Grand Canyon National Park
652:(From Komo Point)-Sloping
502:
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151:
112:
26:
21:
1534:Grand Canyon Conservancy
603:Bright Angel Shale sites
251:United States of America
1365:Uinkaret volcanic field
1254:Grand Canyon Supergroup
1146:Black Suspension Bridge
919:Huntoon, P. W. (1989).
702:Paleontology in Arizona
667:) of Bright Angel Shale
551:have been found in it.
448:and varying amounts of
140:dp brown vertical cliff
1572:(2017 children's book)
1090:Timmons, S. S. (2003)
587:
512:
492:sedimentary structures
437:
336:sedimentary structures
1598:Grand Canyon Escalade
1562:A Bigger Grand Canyon
1418:Little Colorado River
1156:Grand Canyon Escalade
1036:Brandriss, M. (2004)
903:Huntoon, P.W., 1977.
839:Gilbert, G.K., 1875.
731:, 48(5), pp. 425–430.
681:Vishnu Basement Rocks
547:, and two species of
510:
431:
343:and dolomites of the
285:geological formations
228:glauconitic sandstone
1239:Grand Canyon Caverns
1229:Ericameria arizonica
1166:Grand Canyon Skywalk
1009:, 11(6), pp.438-443.
939:Foster, R.J., 2011.
910:, 15(6), pp.426-433.
759:Grand Canyon geology
574:Depositional setting
156:Geological formation
1269:Sixtymile Formation
1264:Nankoweap Formation
1234:Esplanade Sandstone
859:Noble, L.F., 1922.
777:Noble, L.F., 1914.
535:. In addition, one
28:Stratigraphic range
1540:Grand Canyon Suite
1423:Bright Angel Creek
1353:Bright Angel Shale
1209:Agave phillipsiana
1069:Share, J. (2102a)
1061:Share, J. (2102a)
867:. 131-B, pp. 23–73
513:
438:
395:Bright Angel Shale
287:that comprise the
281:Bright Angel Shale
30:: Middle Cambrian
22:Bright Angel Shale
1606:
1605:
1547:Desert Wonderland
1333:Redwall Limestone
1308:Hyaloclastite Dam
1284:Shinumo Quartzite
1181:Marble Canyon Dam
1151:Bridge Canyon Dam
1087:, pp. 29–32.
1007:Nature Geoscience
661:Redwall Limestone
568:Sumner Butte area
391:Tapeats Sandstone
376:Marbled limestone
277:
276:
186:Tapeats Sandstone
144:Redwall Limestone
136:Tapeats Sandstone
126:Redwall Limestone
1666:
1644:Cambrian Arizona
1370:Vasey's Paradise
1303:Hermit Formation
1125:
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310:, and southeast
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38:
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1649:Cambrian Nevada
1609:
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1565:(1998 painting)
1507:
1479:
1458:
1439:Harvey Butchart
1427:
1384:Bodies of water
1379:
1375:Vulcan's Throne
1293:Grand Staircase
1219:Cardenas Basalt
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1017:Further reading
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384:Tonto sandstone
372:type localities
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322:(mudstone) and
283:is one of five
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1032:978-1934656037
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34:507–502
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1570:Grand Canyon
1569:
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1554:Grand Canyon
1553:
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1538:
1406:Havasu Falls
1401:Havasu Creek
1352:
1343:Temple Butte
1328:Prospect Dam
1323:Newton Butte
1186:Maswik Lodge
1132:Grand Canyon
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564:ichnospecies
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465:conglomerate
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434:Kaibab Lodge
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418:stratigraphy
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367:
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354:
351:Nomenclature
280:
278:
273:Noble (1914)
257:Type section
139:
132:slope-former
131:
124:
120:
1556:(1958 film)
1449:Kenton Grua
1413:Kanab Creek
1348:Tonto Group
1313:Isis Temple
1274:Unkar Group
1259:Chuar Group
1176:Kolb Studio
908:Groundwater
755:Tonto Group
654:Supai Group
636:Tonto Group
634:The entire
618:Isis Temple
533:brachiopods
424:Description
380:Tonto shale
368:Tonto Group
361:Phanerozoic
357:Tonto Group
306:, southern
292:Tonto Group
166:Tonto Group
123:at base of
1613:Categories
1454:John Hance
1396:Deer Creek
1139:Facilities
708:References
581:acritarchs
560:ichnogenus
549:eocrinoids
545:arthropods
525:trilobites
485:glauconite
382:, and the
304:California
208:micaceous
1470:Havasupai
797:0083-1093
527:and four
477:feldspars
458:hematitic
454:kaolinite
332:limestone
328:sandstone
324:siltstone
262:Named for
224:sandstone
210:siltstone
200:Lithology
192:Thickness
172:Underlies
1475:Hualapai
686:See also
679:and the
541:hyoliths
450:chlorite
406:dolomite
289:Cambrian
270:Named by
234:Location
182:Overlies
138:(short,
121:subcliff
1512:Related
1201:Geology
729:Geology
657:redbeds
556:burrows
521:species
503:Fossils
414:members
300:Arizona
296:outcrop
247:Country
205:Primary
162:Unit of
103:↓
1485:Events
1463:Tribes
1432:People
1030:
795:
665:slopes
529:genera
473:quartz
469:gravel
446:illite
378:, the
364:strata
308:Nevada
239:Region
659:upon
537:genus
461:ooids
320:shale
220:Other
214:shale
128:cliff
1028:ISBN
793:ISSN
562:and
452:and
330:and
312:Utah
279:The
226:and
212:and
152:Type
42:PreꞒ
785:doi
588:Age
539:of
531:of
523:of
1615::
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479:,
386:.
347:.
92:Pg
36:Ma
1124:e
1117:t
1110:v
799:.
787::
97:N
87:K
82:J
77:T
72:P
67:C
62:D
57:S
52:O
47:Ꞓ
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