122:
2153:
25:
2175:
140:, often an earthwork thrown up to breast or shoulder height to provide protection to defenders firing over it from a standing position. A more permanent structure, normally in stone, would be described as a
1547:
151:
In warships, a breastwork is the armored superstructure in the ship that did not extend all the way out to the sides of the ship. It was generally only used in
42:
89:
232:
61:
260:
68:
1363:
209:
184:
75:
2216:
1957:
1652:
228:
1772:
1557:
108:
57:
2235:
1982:
46:
2240:
1205:
743:
253:
1542:
623:
82:
1587:
2190:
1212:
2084:
1162:
2209:
2131:
1906:
1612:
1607:
1527:
1324:
1271:
1241:
998:
928:
872:
449:
246:
35:
2156:
1972:
1562:
1459:
1344:
528:
2109:
1947:
1729:
1482:
1219:
1042:
371:
2094:
1622:
1248:
1047:
1013:
413:
295:
8:
1911:
1647:
1003:
381:
121:
2202:
2033:
1642:
1617:
1602:
1597:
1447:
1427:
1224:
785:
652:
396:
2089:
2048:
2023:
1896:
1577:
1417:
1264:
850:
728:
406:
349:
205:
180:
2063:
2038:
1967:
1891:
1492:
1487:
1422:
973:
777:
356:
152:
1952:
1804:
1777:
1717:
1687:
1572:
1537:
1517:
1502:
1057:
1052:
1020:
781:
723:
711:
693:
560:
541:
467:
444:
2186:
2121:
2116:
1782:
1767:
1702:
1692:
1567:
1552:
1452:
1442:
1407:
1281:
1074:
771:
738:
702:
518:
376:
340:
2229:
2182:
2126:
2079:
1987:
1977:
1931:
1901:
1886:
1855:
1836:
1697:
1637:
1592:
1507:
1466:
1276:
909:
904:
637:
600:
585:
536:
481:
460:
269:
137:
2104:
1962:
1926:
1881:
1865:
1793:
1746:
1722:
1712:
1707:
1522:
1339:
1200:
1167:
1032:
968:
943:
855:
829:
797:
791:
733:
672:
642:
490:
2003:
1860:
1829:
1811:
1799:
1741:
1736:
1677:
1672:
1632:
1532:
1497:
1393:
1296:
1067:
1037:
1027:
933:
822:
439:
386:
155:
126:
630:
177:
Civil War, A to Z: The
Complete Handbook of America's Bloodiest Conflict
2028:
1848:
1820:
1751:
1627:
1582:
1512:
1432:
1329:
1234:
1174:
1133:
1111:
1062:
1008:
958:
953:
938:
897:
845:
803:
748:
590:
506:
145:
2008:
553:
1437:
1368:
1195:
1190:
1123:
764:
677:
607:
565:
391:
361:
322:
288:
24:
1921:
1916:
1841:
1682:
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1375:
1358:
1288:
1229:
1157:
1150:
993:
881:
755:
575:
570:
546:
474:
454:
434:
401:
2053:
2018:
2013:
1351:
1334:
1319:
1303:
1255:
1183:
1128:
1118:
1086:
988:
963:
948:
718:
662:
580:
427:
420:
366:
238:
141:
2174:
2058:
1412:
978:
916:
860:
838:
815:
808:
684:
667:
499:
331:
313:
283:
2099:
2043:
1787:
1312:
1143:
983:
304:
1081:
923:
890:
865:
657:
647:
616:
595:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2227:
510:
1072:
1018:
836:
682:
2210:
1727:
1457:
1286:
1262:
879:
870:
827:
551:
347:
338:
254:
1846:
1827:
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1809:
1398:
1373:
1349:
1310:
1301:
1253:
1239:
1210:
1181:
1172:
1148:
1109:
914:
895:
813:
762:
753:
709:
700:
691:
628:
614:
605:
488:
465:
202:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology
175:Linedecker, Clifford L. (18 December 2007).
497:
479:
425:
411:
329:
320:
311:
302:
293:
2217:
2203:
261:
247:
174:
125:Breastwork at Armentieres in 1916, during
168:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:
199:
2228:
193:
242:
2169:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1653:Weapons Storage and Security System
13:
268:
229:List of established military terms
14:
2252:
179:. Random House Publishing Group.
2173:
2152:
2151:
158:designed between 1865 and 1880.
23:
58:"Breastwork" fortification
34:needs additional citations for
1:
1548:British "hedgehog" road block
161:
2189:. You can help Knowledge by
7:
1958:Cities with defensive walls
1543:Defensive fighting position
1458:
1263:
1073:
1019:
880:
871:
837:
828:
683:
222:
204:. Oxford University Press.
10:
2257:
2168:
2142:
2072:
1996:
1940:
1874:
1760:
1665:
1588:Hardened aircraft shelter
1563:Entry control point (ECP)
1475:
1386:
1102:
1095:
527:
276:
200:Darvill, Timothy (2002).
2085:Continuity of government
1907:Motte-and-bailey castle
1613:Missile launch facility
1608:Main line of resistance
303:
2236:Fortifications by type
2181:This military base or
1983:Military installations
1847:
1828:
1819:
1810:
1728:
1399:
1374:
1350:
1340:Scarp and Counterscarp
1311:
1302:
1287:
1254:
1240:
1211:
1182:
1173:
1149:
1110:
915:
896:
814:
763:
754:
710:
701:
692:
629:
615:
606:
552:
511:
498:
489:
480:
466:
426:
412:
348:
339:
330:
321:
312:
294:
129:
1752:Floating water castle
1483:Admiralty scaffolding
776:Fortified buildings (
124:
2095:Subterranean warfare
1048:Viking ring fortress
43:improve this article
2241:Fortification stubs
1912:Quadrangular castle
1648:Weapon storage area
1004:Quadrangular castle
1643:Underground hangar
1428:Fire control tower
1225:Gunpowder magazine
653:Butter-churn tower
148:of a castle wall.
130:
2198:
2197:
2166:
2165:
2090:Military urbanism
2024:Fortified gateway
1897:Concentric castle
1661:
1660:
1578:Fire support base
1418:Coastal artillery
1293:(Spanish America)
887:
729:Concentric castle
211:978-0-19-211649-9
186:978-0-307-41477-9
119:
118:
111:
93:
2248:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2177:
2170:
2155:
2154:
2148:
2039:National redoubt
1968:Fortified estate
1892:Circular rampart
1852:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1733:
1493:Anti-tank trench
1488:Air raid shelter
1463:
1423:Disappearing gun
1404:
1379:
1355:
1316:
1307:
1292:
1268:
1259:
1245:
1216:
1187:
1178:
1154:
1115:
1100:
1099:
1078:
1058:Bailey (or ward)
1024:
929:Motte-and-bailey
920:
901:
885:
877:
876:
842:
833:
819:
768:
759:
715:
706:
697:
688:
634:
620:
611:
557:
514:
503:
494:
485:
471:
431:
417:
357:Circular rampart
353:
344:
335:
326:
317:
308:
299:
263:
256:
249:
240:
239:
216:
215:
197:
191:
190:
172:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2167:
2162:
2146:
2138:
2068:
1992:
1936:
1870:
1805:Imperial castle
1778:Coercion castle
1773:Coastal defence
1756:
1718:Promontory fort
1688:Hillside castle
1657:
1573:Fallout shelter
1538:Concertina wire
1518:Border security
1471:
1382:
1091:
724:Coercion castle
712:Cheval de frise
694:Chemin de ronde
542:Albarrana tower
523:
468:Schwedenschanze
445:Promontory fort
272:
267:
225:
220:
219:
212:
198:
194:
187:
173:
169:
164:
136:is a temporary
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2254:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2222:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2178:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2124:
2122:Trench warfare
2119:
2117:Tunnel warfare
2114:
2113:
2112:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1973:Fortifications
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1825:
1816:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1790:
1785:
1783:Counter-castle
1780:
1775:
1770:
1768:Border barrier
1764:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1703:Lowland castle
1700:
1695:
1693:Hilltop castle
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1568:Electric fence
1565:
1560:
1558:Dragon's teeth
1555:
1553:Czech hedgehog
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1467:Wire obstacles
1464:
1455:
1453:Polygonal fort
1450:
1445:
1443:Martello tower
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1408:Border outpost
1405:
1396:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1294:
1284:
1282:Polygonal fort
1279:
1274:
1269:
1260:
1251:
1246:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1179:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1106:
1104:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
912:
907:
902:
893:
888:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
834:
825:
820:
811:
806:
801:
794:
789:
774:
772:Flanking tower
769:
760:
751:
746:
741:
739:Counter-castle
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
707:
698:
689:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
626:
621:
612:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
549:
544:
539:
533:
531:
529:Post-classical
525:
524:
522:
521:
519:Vitrified fort
516:
504:
495:
486:
477:
472:
463:
458:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
423:
418:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
377:Defensive wall
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
345:
336:
327:
318:
309:
300:
291:
286:
280:
278:
274:
273:
270:Fortifications
266:
265:
258:
251:
243:
237:
236:
233:Fortifications
224:
221:
218:
217:
210:
192:
185:
166:
165:
163:
160:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2253:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2185:article is a
2184:
2183:fortification
2179:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2159:
2158:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2127:Urban warfare
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2080:Civil defense
2078:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1948:Bastion forts
1946:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1932:Z-plan castle
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1902:L-plan castle
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1887:Bridge castle
1885:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1856:Refuge castle
1854:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1837:Military base
1835:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1800:Hunting lodge
1798:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1713:Moated castle
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1698:Island castle
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1666:By topography
1664:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1638:Submarine pen
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1593:Hesco bastion
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1508:Blast shelter
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1277:Place-of-arms
1275:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
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537:Advanced work
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138:fortification
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99:February 2024
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60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
16:Fortification
2191:expanding it
2180:
2150:
2105:Siege engine
2073:Other topics
1997:Related word
1963:Defense line
1927:Tower castle
1882:Bastion fort
1866:Urban castle
1794:Ganerbenburg
1792:
1747:Water castle
1723:Ridge castle
1708:Marsh castle
1523:Bomb shelter
1503:Belgian gate
1476:20th century
1387:19th century
1325:Retrenchment
1297:Punji sticks
1206:Entrenchment
1201:Device Forts
1168:Counterguard
1138:
1103:Early modern
1033:Tower castle
969:Powder tower
944:Outer bailey
856:Inner bailey
830:Gulyay-gorod
798:Ganerbenburg
796:
792:Fujian tulou
734:Corner tower
673:Chamber gate
643:Bridge tower
491:Trou de loup
201:
195:
176:
170:
156:turret ships
150:
133:
131:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2004:Castle town
1861:Toll castle
1830:Lustschloss
1812:Kaiserpfalz
1742:Spur castle
1737:Rock castle
1678:Hill castle
1673:Cave castle
1633:Spider hole
1533:Bremer wall
1498:Barbed tape
1394:Barbed wire
1068:Witch tower
1038:Tower house
1028:Toll castle
1014:Shield wall
934:Murder hole
823:Guard tower
440:Pincer gate
387:Faussebraye
127:World War I
2230:Categories
2029:Gatekeeper
1849:Ordensburg
1821:Landesburg
1628:Sentry gun
1583:Flak tower
1513:Blast wall
1433:Gun turret
1330:Sally port
1235:Kotta mara
1175:Couvreface
1139:Breastwork
1134:Blockhouse
1112:Abwurfdach
1063:Watchtower
1053:Wall tower
1009:Shell keep
959:Portcullis
954:Peel tower
939:Neck ditch
898:Landesburg
846:Half tower
804:Gate tower
749:Drawbridge
591:Battlement
507:Wagon fort
350:Chengqiang
162:References
146:battlement
134:breastwork
69:newspapers
2132:Guerrilla
1875:By design
1623:Revetment
1438:Land mine
1369:Star fort
1196:Crownwork
1191:Covertway
1124:Barricade
765:Embrasure
678:Chartaque
608:Bergfried
566:Arrowslit
392:Gatehouse
362:City gate
323:Castellum
289:Acropolis
2157:Category
2147:See also
2034:Loophole
1922:Ringwork
1917:Ringfort
1842:Obstacle
1683:Hillfort
1603:Loophole
1401:Barbette
1376:Tenaille
1359:Sea fort
1289:Presidio
1249:Magazine
1230:Hornwork
1163:Cavalier
1158:Casemate
1151:Caponier
994:Ringwork
882:Detinets
851:Hoarding
756:Enceinte
631:Bretèche
576:Bartizan
571:Barbican
547:Alcazaba
475:Stockade
455:Ringfort
435:Palisade
407:Landwehr
402:Hillfort
223:See also
153:ironclad
2064:Vedette
2054:Schloss
2019:Festung
2014:Dungeon
2009:Château
1953:Castles
1761:By role
1618:Pillbox
1448:Outpost
1364:Station
1352:Schanze
1335:Sandbag
1320:Redoubt
1304:Ravelin
1272:Palanka
1256:Orillon
1242:Lunette
1184:Coupure
1129:Bastion
1119:Arsenal
1087:Zwinger
999:Roundel
989:Ricetto
964:Postern
949:Outwork
873:Kremlin
744:Curtain
719:Citadel
703:Chemise
663:Caltrop
581:Bastion
554:Alcázar
450:Rampart
428:Oppidum
421:Nuraghe
367:Crannog
341:Castros
277:Ancient
144:or the
142:parapet
83:scholar
2059:Trench
2049:Picket
1460:Sangar
1413:Bunker
1345:Sconce
1265:Ostrog
1213:Flèche
1096:Modern
1075:Yagura
1043:Turret
979:Reduit
917:Merlon
861:Kasbah
839:Gusuku
816:Glacis
809:Gabion
778:church
685:Chashi
668:Castle
512:Laager
500:Vallum
457:(Rath)
332:Castra
314:Burgus
284:Abatis
208:
183:
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2100:Siege
2044:Palas
1988:Walls
1978:Forts
1941:Lists
1788:Fence
1730:Rocca
1598:Kabal
1313:Redan
1220:Gorge
1144:Canal
1021:Shiro
984:Ribat
974:Qalat
786:Dzong
782:house
482:Sudis
414:Limes
372:Ditch
305:Broch
296:Agger
90:JSTOR
76:books
2187:stub
2110:list
1528:Buoy
1082:Yett
924:Moat
891:Ksar
866:Keep
658:Caer
648:Burh
624:Boom
617:Berm
596:Bawn
561:Amba
397:Gord
206:ISBN
181:ISBN
62:news
382:Dun
45:by
2232::
2149::
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132:A
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106:(
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97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
