306:
314:
73:
31:
322:
50:
362:(bristles) at the tip, and the sterile floret has a lemma about 2 mm (0.08 in) long with three awns about 5 mm (0.2 in) long. If pollinated, the fertile floret produces an oblong-elliptic brown seed 2.5 to 3 mm (0.10 to 0.12 in) long. When the seed is mature, the whole spikelet detaches, except for the two glumes, which remain.
400:, survival, and growth are greatest when isolated from neighboring adult plants, which effectively exploit water in the seedling's root zone. Successful establishment requires a modest amount of soil moisture during the extension and development of
463:, and is the most valuable grama. It is an ideal range grass in the southwest. It will survive heavy grazing and extreme drought, and is quite palatable to livestock. Grazing of blue grama rangelands might also prevent invasion of undesirable
329:
Blue grama has green to greyish leaves less than 3 mm (0.1 in) wide and 1 to 10 in (25 to 250 mm) long. The overall height of the plant is 6 to 12 in (15 to 30 cm) at maturity.
349:
and one or two reduced sterile ones. Below the florets are two glumes, one 1.5 to 3 mm (0.06 to 0.12 in) long and the other 3.5 to 6 mm (0.14 to 0.24 in) long. The fertile floret has a
986:
Porensky, Lauren M.; Derner, Justin D.; Augustine, David J.; Milchunas, Daniel G. (2017). "Plant
Community Composition After 75 Yr of Sustained Grazing Intensity Treatments in Shortgrass Steppe".
1233:
Munson, Seth M.; Lauenroth, William K. (2009). "Plant population and community responses to removal of dominant species in the shortgrass steppe: Plant responses to removal of dominant species".
415:-tolerant, though prolonged drought leads to a reduction in root number and extent. They employ an opportunistic water-use strategy, rapidly using water when available, and becoming
1320:; Alpuche, Angel; Aguado, Armando; Grageda, Oscar A.; Halbrook, Kandres; Bottini, Cecilia (2009). "Fine-Scale Spatial Genetic Structure in Perennial Grasses in Three Environments".
447:, and as far south as Mexico. It is present in most of the Midwestern United States, extending east to Missouri and Texas, and as far west as Southern California. It has been
443:
Blue grama has the widest distribution of all grama grasses. It will grow on most soil types, and readily adapts to local conditions. It can be found as far north as
1057:
Butterfield, Bradley J.; Wood, Troy E. (2015). "Local climate and cultivation, but not ploidy, predict functional trait variation in
Bouteloua gracilis (Poaceae)".
778:
2087:
538:, the grass bunches are tied together and the severed end is used as a hairbrush, the other as a broom. Bunches are also used to strain goat's milk. The
1172:
2007:
2062:
1219:
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1884:
1595:
2097:
2002:
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ecoregion. Populations of blue grama across the great plains are genetically differentiated (even at small spatial scales) and show
1832:
1543:
2117:
2077:
2072:
1897:
1858:
1608:
1556:
650:
1269:"Genetic and functional variation across regional and local scales is associated with climate in a foundational prairie grass"
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2027:
2022:
1649:
1182:
1902:
1613:
2057:
2037:
2032:
1987:
790:
703:
823:. US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service (USFS), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory
777:
Smoliak, S.; Ditterline, R.L.; Scheetz, J.D.; Holzworth, L.K.; Sims, J.R.; Wiesner, L.E.; Baldridge, D.E.; Tibke, G.L.
2102:
2082:
1997:
615:
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2042:
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The comb-like spike in bloom in August, with white stigmas sticking out of the top and yellow anthers hanging below
1675:
1871:
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685:
57:
2112:
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1928:
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generally grow 12 to 18 in (30 to 46 cm) outwards, and 3 to 6.5 ft (0.9 to 2.0 m) deep.
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2017:
2012:
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variance connected to climate. Blue grama from more arid grasslands are also characterized by greater
72:
1685:
1644:
911:
858:
972:
930:
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1317:
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214:
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337:) are 7 to 18 in (18 to 46 cm) long. At the top are one to four, usually two, comb-like
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only reach a few meters (6 ft); farther distances are reached with insects, birds, and
1819:
385:
286:
210:
1117:"Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington"
297:. It is a green or greyish, low-growing, drought-tolerant grass with limited maintenance.
8:
39:
1366:
Gardening for
Butterflies: How You Can Attract and Protect Beautiful, Beneficial Insects
305:
1992:
1959:
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341:, which extend out at a sharp angle from the flowering stem. Each spike has 20 to 90
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1007:
1964:
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1128:
1066:
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995:
578:
563:
496:. Blue grama flowers are also used in dried flower arrangements. Blue grama is the
448:
345:. Each spikelet is 5 to 6 mm (0.20 to 0.24 in) long, and has one fertile
1850:
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1951:
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1437:
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582:
493:
381:
275:
263:
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110:
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384:. Seed production is slow, and depends on soil moisture and temperature. Seeds
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338:
97:
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1981:
1621:
1294:
1192:
1078:
594:
334:
248:
123:
1023:"Nuclear DNA Amounts in Angiosperms and their Modern Uses—807 New Estimates"
325:
Mature spikelets that have detached from the spike. Each may contain a seed.
1941:
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294:
267:
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136:
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County-level distribution map from the North
American Plant Atlas (NAPA)
1837:
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1132:
756:
State-level distribution map from the North
American Plant Atlas (NAPA)
528:
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1285:
1268:
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1574:
1494:
1333:
539:
475:
166:
30:
1379:
321:
1936:
1791:
1745:
1587:
1402:
1100:
Stevenson, Matilda Coxe (1915). "Ethnobotany of the Zuni
Indians".
513:
501:
416:
342:
259:
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1499:
1315:
1155:
1116:
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358:) 5 to 5.5 mm (0.20 to 0.22 in) long, with three short
271:
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is slow and depends on the type and extent of the disturbance.
393:
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146:
776:
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244:
84:
1262:
464:
389:
373:
366:
1171:
Lauenroth, William K., Burke, Ingrid C., Editors. (2008).
1174:
Ecology of the shortgrass steppe a long-term perspective
1160:. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research. p. 25.
1263:
Hoffman, Ava M.; Bushey, Julie A.; Ocheltree, Troy W.;
665:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team.
1316:
Smith, Steven E.; Arredondo, Tulio; Aguiar, Martín;
546:, use(d) the hollow stems as drinking straws. The
451:to some eastern states, as well as South America.
1979:
2088:Flora of the Great Lakes region (North America)
1232:
1056:
454:
758:. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014
728:. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014
492:projects, and residential, civic, and highway
419:during less-favorable conditions. In terms of
1258:
1256:
1052:
1050:
955:. Tucson: University of Arizona. p. 146.
558:Blue grama is the dominant species of the US
946:
944:
783:Montana Interagency Plant Materials Handbook
928:
613:
523:relative to other grama grasses. It can be
1253:
1047:
874:
872:
649:
607:
48:
29:
2008:Native grasses of the Great Plains region
1341:
1284:
1218:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1099:
1038:
941:
922:
2063:Flora of the South-Central United States
910:. Vol. 22 – via eFloras.org,
857:. Vol. 22 – via eFloras.org,
814:
320:
312:
304:
285:Blue grama accounts for most of the net
1020:
897:
869:
844:
372:Blue grama is readily established from
2068:Flora of the California desert regions
1980:
1153:
821:Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
645:
643:
641:
1384:
1383:
1114:
953:Grasses of Southwestern United States
950:
878:
840:
838:
663:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
2098:Natural history of the Mojave Desert
2003:Warm-season grasses of North America
1686:88f6afd1-6f8e-4937-aed4-6775c26e0693
929:Chayka, Katy; Dziuk, Peter (2016).
797:
704:Australian National Botanic Gardens
638:
550:use(d) it as sheep and horse feed.
13:
2053:Flora of the Western United States
1322:Rangeland Ecology & Management
988:Rangeland Ecology & Management
898:Sun, Bi-xing; Phillips, Sylvia M.
845:Sun, Bi-xing; Phillips, Sylvia M.
835:
770:
626:. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe
14:
2134:
1725:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1026047-2
1375:
931:"Bouteloua gracilis (Blue Grama)"
881:"Blue Grama (Bouteloua gracilis)"
789:Extension Service. Archived from
779:"Blue Grama (Bouteloua gracilis)"
1929:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:317396-2
1247:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.05556.x
309:Blue grama grass in early summer
236:, is a long-lived, warm-season (
71:
1358:
1309:
1226:
1164:
1147:
1108:
1093:
1014:
979:
891:
686:International Plant Names Index
438:
254:It is most commonly found from
2118:Garden plants of North America
2078:Flora of the Chihuahuan Desert
2073:Flora of the Canadian Prairies
815:Anderson, Michelle D. (2003).
740:
710:
669:
300:
1:
1235:Journal of Vegetation Science
600:
423:status, blue grama is a late
2093:Flora of the Mexican Plateau
2028:Native grasses of California
2023:Grasses of the United States
455:Horticulture and agriculture
293:of the central and southern
7:
1364:The Xerces Society (2016),
1177:. Oxford University Press.
1154:Elmore, Francis H. (1944).
916:Harvard University Herbaria
863:Harvard University Herbaria
696:Harvard University Herbaria
573:It is a larval host to the
470:Blue grama is grown by the
10:
2139:
2058:Flora of the United States
2038:Native grasses of Oklahoma
2033:Native grasses of Nebraska
1988:NatureServe secure species
1115:Bocek, Barbara R. (1984).
1000:10.1016/j.rama.2016.12.001
692:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
553:
478:gardens, naturalistic and
274:states, onto the northern
1781:
1392:
1318:Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth
1157:Ethnobotany of the Navajo
1071:10.1007/s11258-015-0510-8
912:Missouri Botanical Garden
859:Missouri Botanical Garden
195:
188:
68:Scientific classification
66:
46:
37:
28:
23:
2103:Plants described in 1816
2083:Flora of the Great Basin
1998:Grasses of North America
1102:SI-BAE Annual Report #30
951:Gould, Frank W. (1951).
787:Montana State University
459:Blue grama is valued as
2123:Drought-tolerant plants
2043:Native grasses of Texas
591:Simius roadside skipper
519:Blue grama has a large
407:Established plants are
378:vegetative reproduction
1040:10.1006/anbo.2000.1253
914:, St. Louis, MO &
861:, St. Louis, MO &
398:Seedling establishment
376:, but depends more on
326:
318:
310:
2113:Symbols of New Mexico
935:Minnesota Wildflowers
568:phenotypic plasticity
508:. It is listed as an
472:horticulture industry
431:. Recovery following
396:as dispersal agents.
333:The flowering stems (
324:
316:
308:
262:and south across the
885:Illinois Wildflowers
879:Hilty, John (2020).
817:"Bouteloua gracilis"
624:NatureServe Explorer
614:NatureServe (2023).
287:primary productivity
2108:Symbols of Colorado
1021:Bennett, M (2000).
40:Conservation status
1783:Chondrosum gracile
1424:Bouteloua gracilis
1394:Bouteloua gracilis
1211:has generic name (
1133:10.1007/BF02858839
849:Bouteloua gracilis
750:Bouteloua gracilis
720:Bouteloua gracilis
679:Bouteloua gracilis
657:Bouteloua gracilis
618:Bouteloua gracilis
575:Garita skipperling
510:endangered species
327:
319:
311:
291:shortgrass prairie
258:, Canada, east to
229:Bouteloua gracilis
199:Bouteloua gracilis
2018:Grasses of Mexico
2013:Grasses of Canada
1975:
1974:
1694:Open Tree of Life
1386:Taxon identifiers
1286:10.1111/nph.16547
1265:Smith, Melinda D.
1184:978-0-19-972280-8
1065:(10): 1341–1349.
793:on June 10, 2010.
560:shortgrass steppe
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564:functional trait
201:
181:B. gracilis
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16:Species of grass
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264:Rocky Mountains
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1376:External links
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1033:(4): 859–909.
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994:(4): 456–464.
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908:Flora of China
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855:Flora of China
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587:Rhesus skipper
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1104:. p. 83.
1103:
1096:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1059:Plant Ecology
1053:
1051:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1009:
1005:
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993:
989:
982:
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905:
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886:
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875:
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839:
822:
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807:
805:
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792:
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773:
757:
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743:
727:
723:
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664:
660:
658:
652:
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625:
621:
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606:
598:
596:
595:Uncas skipper
592:
588:
584:
580:
579:green skipper
576:
571:
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551:
549:
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541:
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249:North America
246:
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194:
191:
190:Binomial name
187:
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98:Tracheophytes
96:
93:
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79:
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69:
65:
59:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1782:
1393:
1365:
1360:
1343:10150/643040
1325:
1321:
1311:
1276:
1272:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1173:
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1149:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1101:
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1030:
1026:
1016:
991:
987:
981:
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934:
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907:
901:
893:
884:
854:
848:
825:. Retrieved
820:
791:the original
782:
772:
760:. Retrieved
755:
749:
742:
730:. Retrieved
725:
719:
712:
684:
678:
671:
662:
656:
628:. Retrieved
623:
617:
609:
572:
557:
533:
518:
480:native plant
469:
458:
442:
439:Distribution
421:successional
406:
402:adventitious
371:
364:
332:
328:
295:Great Plains
284:
268:Great Plains
253:
247:, native to
233:
228:
227:
226:
198:
196:
180:
179:
167:
130:
117:
104:
91:
18:
1658:NatureServe
1570:iNaturalist
1418:Wikispecies
1209:|last=
969:|work=
620:Blue Grama"
536:Zuni people
498:state grass
490:restoration
483:landscaping
433:disturbance
301:Description
270:, and U.S.
137:Commelinids
111:Angiosperms
58:NatureServe
24:Blue grama
1982:Categories
1916:kew-405006
1911:Plant List
1768:WisFlora:
1458:Calflora:
1127:(2): 255.
827:August 24,
651:USDA, NRCS
601:References
593:, and the
534:Among the
529:tetraploid
506:New Mexico
449:introduced
234:blue grama
1993:Bouteloua
1846:GrassBase
1798:Q15513387
1588:1026047-2
1536:200024963
1523:200024963
1295:0028-646X
1201:cite book
1193:690360063
1079:1385-0237
971:ignored (
961:cite book
902:Bouteloua
700:Libraries
540:Costanoan
476:perennial
386:dispersed
343:spikelets
242:perennial
219:Griffiths
175:Species:
168:Bouteloua
81:Kingdom:
1949:VASCAN:
1942:25518100
1937:Tropicos
1890:11035343
1877:317396-2
1851:imp02254
1792:Wikidata
1758:VASCAN:
1751:25560174
1746:Tropicos
1663:2.145624
1627:44392665
1601:10208981
1409:Q2922605
1403:Wikidata
1352:44199283
1303:32176814
1267:(2020).
1141:21852804
1087:18031688
1008:90458063
762:July 13,
732:July 13,
653:(n.d.).
630:28 April
514:Illinois
502:Colorado
467:plants.
260:Manitoba
153:Family:
124:Monocots
1838:2703836
1825:1114807
1645:MoBotPF
1549:5289869
1482:Ecocrop
554:Ecology
525:diploid
487:habitat
445:Alberta
417:dormant
413:drought
409:grazing
404:roots.
394:mammals
382:tillers
289:in the
272:Midwest
256:Alberta
163:Genus:
157:Poaceae
143:Order:
85:Plantae
56: (
54:Secure
1903:510860
1707:PLANTS
1699:527781
1683:NZOR:
1650:242377
1510:bougra
1507:FEIS:
1451:181826
1350:
1301:
1293:
1191:
1181:
1139:
1085:
1077:
1006:
698:&
688:(IPNI)
548:Navajo
544:Ohlone
521:genome
461:forage
347:floret
339:spikes
280:Mexico
232:, the
207:Willd.
147:Poales
1952:24309
1885:IRMNG
1864:10320
1812:5XZF8
1712:BOGR2
1676:48732
1614:41493
1596:IRMNG
1575:71257
1500:BOBGR
1438:62986
1348:S2CID
1137:S2CID
1083:S2CID
1004:S2CID
542:, or
465:weedy
425:seral
367:roots
356:bract
352:lemma
335:culms
245:grass
211:Kunth
131:Clade
118:Clade
105:Clade
92:Clade
1924:POWO
1898:ITIS
1872:IPNI
1859:GRIN
1833:GBIF
1771:2777
1761:7442
1738:2363
1720:POWO
1671:NCBI
1637:2023
1622:IUCN
1609:ITIS
1583:IPNI
1562:7527
1557:GRIN
1544:GBIF
1495:EPPO
1487:3798
1474:MRJ8
1461:1131
1446:BOLD
1433:APNI
1299:PMID
1291:ISSN
1220:link
1213:help
1189:OCLC
1179:ISBN
1075:ISSN
973:help
829:2016
764:2018
734:2018
632:2023
504:and
390:wind
380:via
374:seed
365:The
360:awns
215:Lag.
1960:WFO
1820:EoL
1807:CoL
1733:RHS
1531:FoC
1518:FNA
1469:CoL
1338:hdl
1330:doi
1281:doi
1277:227
1243:doi
1129:doi
1067:doi
1063:216
1035:doi
996:doi
527:or
512:in
500:of
427:to
388:by
278:in
217:ex
209:ex
1984::
1962::
1939::
1926::
1913::
1900::
1887::
1874::
1861::
1848::
1835::
1822::
1809::
1794::
1748::
1735::
1722::
1709::
1696::
1673::
1660::
1647::
1624::
1611::
1598::
1585::
1572::
1559::
1546::
1533::
1520::
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1484::
1471::
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1346:.
1336:.
1326:62
1324:.
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1289:.
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1271:.
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1002:.
992:70
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597:.
589:,
585:,
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570:.
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485:,
282:.
266:,
251:.
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238:C4
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752:"
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681:"
677:"
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616:"
354:(
205:(
60:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
