122:
279:
25:
243:
was warmer than at present, especially at higher latitudes, and many temperate climate species were distributed across North
America and Eurasia via Alaska and Siberia. The sharply cooler climate of the past few million years eliminated a temperate-zone connection between North America and Eurasia,
230:
Millions of years ago, before the opening of the
Atlantic Ocean, North America and Eurasia were joined as a single continent, Laurasia. After the opening of the Atlantic, the continents were connected to one another periodically via land bridges linking
1016:
859:
694:Тахтаджян А. Л. Флористические области Земли / Академия наук СССР. Ботанический институт им. В. Л. Комарова. — Л.: Наука, Ленинградское отделение, 1978. — 247 с. — 4000 экз.
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244:
but common
Laurasian origins and a long history of temperate-climate land bridges account for the botanical similarities between the temperate floras on the two continents.
844:
1011:
942:
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904:
1021:
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263:(North Africa and Eurasia). Others, based on the distribution of related plant and animal families, include the Palearctic and Nearctic in a single
889:
752:
219:
Good noted that many plant species of temperate North
America and Eurasia were very closely related, despite their separation by the
89:
61:
68:
108:
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927:
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42:
75:
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722:. (translated by T.J. Crovello & A. Cronquist). University of California Press, Berkeley,
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126:
988:
914:
610:
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251:, which takes into account the distribution of animal as well as plant species. Many
208:
found refuge in the southern and mountainous parts of the kingdom, especially in the
154:
131:
932:
546:
423:
401:
367:
347:
309:
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According to
Takhtajan (1978), the following families are endemic to this kingdom:
205:
730:
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313:
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162:
821:
676:
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450:
389:
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186:
1036:
869:
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224:
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121:
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According to the same author, the following families are well represented:
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The kingdom is subdivided into three floristic subkingdoms and nine
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distinguish the Boreal
Kingdom as comprising two realms, the
182:
193:. However, parts of the floristic kingdom (and most of its
16:
Floristic kingdom in northern
Eurasia and the Americas
247:
A floristic kingdom is the botanical analogue to an
267:realm, which corresponds to Good's Boreal Kingdom.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
760:
1034:
201:and as a consequence have a very young flora.
746:
239:. Until a few million years ago, the global
670:
753:
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
277:
120:
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
13:
14:
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23:
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34:needs additional citations for
989:Central Australian or Eremaean
720:Floristic Regions of the World
712:
688:
633:North American Atlantic Region
214:North American Atlantic Region
185:is inherited from the ancient
1:
682:
197:) were glaciated during the
7:
10:
1064:
1017:South Subantarctic Islands
997:
969:
951:
913:
830:
772:
860:St. Helena and Ascension
671:Madrean Floristic Region
273:
792:North American Atlantic
284:Rhododendron tomentosum
157:identified by botanist
718:Takhtajan, A. (1986).
628:Eastern Asiatic Region
287:
210:Eastern Asiatic Region
165:), which includes the
138:
953:South African Kingdom
832:Paleotropical Kingdom
665:Irano-Turanian Region
660:Saharo-Arabian Region
638:Rocky Mountain Region
281:
124:
655:Mediterranean Region
259:(North America) and
43:improve this article
915:Neotropical Kingdom
650:Macaronesian Region
623:Circumboreal Region
249:biogeographic realm
195:Circumboreal Region
1043:Floristic kingdoms
971:Australian Kingdom
701:2018-10-05 at the
644:Tethyan Subkingdom
376:Bretschneideraceae
302:, Hydrastidaceae (
288:
139:
127:Juniperus communis
1030:
1029:
999:Antarctic Kingdom
928:Guayana Highlands
845:Usambara-Zululand
774:Holarctic Kingdom
762:Floristic regions
617:Boreal Subkingdom
611:floristic regions
318:Cercidiphyllaceae
155:floristic kingdom
147:Holarctic Kingdom
119:
118:
111:
93:
1055:
1012:Chile-Patagonian
850:Sudano-Zambezian
840:Guineo-Congolian
755:
748:
741:
732:
731:
726:
716:
710:
692:
547:Scrophulariaceae
424:Scheuchzeriaceae
412:, Trapellaceae (
402:Dipentodontaceae
368:Pterostemonaceae
348:Crossosomataceae
310:Trochodendraceae
114:
107:
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58:"Boreal Kingdom"
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1048:Holarctic flora
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787:Eastern Asiatic
768:
759:
729:
717:
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703:Wayback Machine
693:
689:
685:
673:
646:
619:
607:
467:Caryophyllaceae
428:Aphyllanthaceae
382:, Davidiaceae (
320:, Euptelaceae (
314:Tetracentraceae
296:Cephalotaxaceae
276:
270:
163:Armen Takhtajan
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828:
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817:Irano-Turanian
814:
812:Saharo-Arabian
809:
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797:Rocky Mountain
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758:
757:
750:
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727:
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677:Madrean Region
672:
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479:Plumbaginaceae
471:Chenopodiaceae
451:Hamamelidaceae
390:Toricelliaceae
364:Simmondsiaceae
356:Fouquieriaceae
336:Rhoipteleaceae
275:
272:
253:biogeographers
221:Atlantic Ocean
187:supercontinent
161:(and later by
143:Boreal Kingdom
132:Lüneburg Heath
117:
116:
31:
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15:
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905:Neocaledonian
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807:Mediterranean
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599:Polypodiaceae
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560:
556:
555:Campanulaceae
552:
548:
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536:
532:
528:
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520:
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512:
511:Thymelaeaceae
508:
507:Euphorbiaceae
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:Berberidaceae
444:
443:Ranunculaceae
440:
436:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
416:
411:
407:
406:Cynomoriaceae
403:
399:
398:Theligonaceae
395:
394:Helwingiaceae
391:
387:
386:
381:
380:Limnanthaceae
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
360:Diapensiaceae
357:
353:
352:Stachyuraceae
349:
345:
341:
340:Leitneriaceae
337:
333:
329:
325:
324:
319:
315:
311:
307:
306:
301:
300:Glaucidiaceae
297:
293:
286:
285:
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258:
254:
250:
245:
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225:Bering Strait
222:
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212:and southern
211:
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188:
184:
180:
176:
175:North America
172:
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1022:Neozeylandic
1007:Fernandezian
802:Macaronesian
782:Circumboreal
773:
719:
714:
707:Google Books
690:
608:
605:Subdivisions
595:Aspleniaceae
591:Cupressaceae
543:Boraginaceae
539:Gentianaceae
491:Brassicaceae
475:Polygonaceae
463:Juglandaceae
435:Magnoliaceae
432:
413:
383:
372:Penthoraceae
332:Eucommiaceae
321:
303:
289:
282:
269:
246:
229:
218:
173:portions of
150:
146:
142:
140:
125:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
875:Indochinese
855:Karoo-Namib
571:Orchidaceae
499:Primulaceae
344:Paeoniaceae
328:Platanaceae
292:Ginkgoaceae
199:Pleistocene
159:Ronald Good
1037:Categories
895:Polynesian
865:Madagascan
683:References
579:Cyperaceae
559:Asteraceae
535:Rhamnaceae
527:Araliaceae
487:Salicaceae
459:Betulaceae
420:Butomaceae
261:Palearctic
99:April 2012
69:newspapers
984:Southwest
979:Northeast
938:Brazilian
933:Amazonian
923:Caribbean
885:Papuasian
575:Juncaceae
567:Iridaceae
563:Liliaceae
551:Lamiaceae
523:Cornaceae
503:Malvaceae
495:Ericaceae
439:Lauraceae
410:Adoxaceae
305:Hydrastis
265:Holarctic
167:temperate
151:Holarctis
900:Hawaiian
880:Malesian
699:Archived
587:Pinaceae
531:Apiaceae
519:Fabaceae
515:Rosaceae
483:Theaceae
455:Fagaceae
415:Trapella
323:Euptelea
257:Nearctic
223:and the
203:Cenozoic
191:Laurasia
822:Madrean
764:of the
583:Poaceae
385:Davidia
241:climate
237:Siberia
206:relicts
179:Eurasia
153:) is a
136:Germany
83:scholar
943:Andean
890:Fijian
870:Indian
233:Alaska
181:. Its
171:Arctic
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
766:world
274:Flora
183:flora
90:JSTOR
76:books
961:Cape
696:DjVu
235:and
177:and
141:The
62:news
418:),
388:),
326:),
308:),
189:of
169:to
145:or
134:in
130:on
45:by
1039::
705:,
613:.
601:.
597:,
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227:.
216:.
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740:v
725:.
709:.
149:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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