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used to power the turbine generator (initially with no oil pumps, circ water pumps, or condensation pumps). Once the turbine generator is producing electricity, the auxiliary pumps can be powered on, and the reactor cooling pumps can be run momentarily. Eventually the steam pressure will become insufficient to power the turbine generator, and the process can be shut down in reverse order. The process can be repeated until no longer needed. This can cause great damage to the turbine generator, but more importantly, it saves the nuclear reactor.
599:. He has publicly endorsed bootstrapping claiming that "If you can start on your own … do it by without having to go out and raise money." When asked why he believed this approach was most necessary, he replied, "I think the biggest mistake people make is once they have an idea and the goal of starting a business, they think they have to raise money. And once you raise money, that's not an accomplishment, that's an obligation" because "now, you're reporting to whoever you raised money from."
97:
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132:: "The attempt of the mind to analyze itself an effort analogous to one who would lift himself by his own bootstraps." Bootstrap as a metaphor, meaning to better oneself by one's own unaided efforts, was in use in 1922. This metaphor spawned additional metaphors for a series of self-sustaining processes that proceed without external help.
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of user equipment and servers unknown to each other and for 'bootstrapping' the exchange of secret session keys afterwards. The term 'bootstrapping' is related to building a security relation with a previously unknown device first and to allow installing security elements (keys) in the device and the
852:
An electric power grid is almost never brought down intentionally. Generators and power stations are started and shut down as necessary. A typical power station requires power for start up prior to being able to generate power. This power is obtained from the grid, so if the entire grid is down these
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used the computer bootstrapping concept to explain how biological cells differentiate: "Different cells receive different combinations of chemicals, which switch on different combinations of genes, and some genes work to switch other genes on or off. And so the bootstrapping continues, until we have
588:
Based on startup data presented by
Entrepreneur.com, in comparison other methods of funding, bootstrapping is more commonly used than others. "0.91% of startups are funded by angel investors, while 0.05% are funded by VCs. In contrast, 57 percent of startups are funded by personal loans and credit,
229:
Booting is the process of starting a computer, specifically with regard to starting its software. The process involves a chain of stages, in which at each stage, a relatively small and simple program loads and then executes the larger, more complicated program of the next stage. It is in this sense
868:
A nuclear power plant always needs to have a way to remove decay heat, which is usually done with electrical cooling pumps. But in the rare case of a complete loss of electrical power, this can still be achieved by booting a turbine generator. As steam builds up in the steam generator, it can be
609:
can grow by reinvesting profits in its own growth if bootstrapping costs are low and return on investment is high. This financing approach allows owners to maintain control of their business and forces them to spend with discipline. In addition, bootstrapping allows startups to focus on customers
273:
to read a bootstrap program from an input unit. The computer would then execute the bootstrap program, which caused it to read more program instructions. It became a self-sustaining process that proceeded without external help from manually entered instructions. As a computing term, bootstrap has
172:
Critics have observed that the phrase is used to portray unfair situations as far more meritocratic than they really are. A 2009 study found that 77% of
Americans believe that wealth is often the result of hard work. Various studies have found that the main predictor of future wealth is not IQ or
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Birth-stage: This is the first stage to bootstrapping by which the entrepreneur utilizes any personal savings or borrowed and/or invested money from friends and family to launch the business. It is also possible for the business owner to be running or working for another organization at the time
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means starting a business without external help or working capital. Entrepreneurs in the startup development phase of their company survive through internal cash flow and are very cautious with their expenses. Generally at the start of a venture, a small amount of money will be set aside for the
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but with extensions that would enable the use of some additional mnemonics for more complex operation codes. The enhanced assembler's source program was then assembled by its predecessor's executable (A1) into binary or decimal code to give A2, and the cycle repeated (now with those enhancements
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Bootstrapping is often considered successful. When taking into account statistics provided by
Fundera, approximately 77% of small business rely on some sort of personal investment and or savings in order to fund their startup ventures. The average small business venture requires approximately $
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Outsourcing-stage: At this point in the company's existence, the entrepreneur in question normally concentrates on the specific operating activities. This is the time in which entrepreneurs decide how to improve and upgrade equipment (subsequently increasing output) or even employing new staff
164:
Originally meant to attempt something ludicrously far-fetched or even impossible, the phrase "Pull yourself up by your bootstraps!" has since been utilized as a narrative for economic mobility or a cure for depression. That idea is believed to have been popularized by
American writer
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There are many types of companies that are eligible for bootstrapping. Early-stage companies that do not necessarily require large influxes of capital (particularly from outside sources) qualify. This would specifically allow for flexibility for the business and time to grow.
602:
Bootstrapped companies such as Apple Inc. (APPL), eBay Inc. (EBAY) and Coca-Cola Co. have also claimed that they attribute some of their success to the fact that this method of funding enables them to remain highly focused on a specific array of profitable product.
477:. Having improved itself, it would become better at improving itself, potentially leading to an exponential increase in intelligence. No such AI is known to exist, but it remains an active field of research. Seed AI is a significant part of some theories about the
620:, or highly leveraged or "bootstrap" transactions, occur when an investor acquires a controlling interest in a company's equity and where a significant percentage of the purchase price is financed through leverage, i.e. borrowing by the acquired company.
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executed by a pre-existing computer. Bootstrapping in program development began during the 1950s when each program was constructed on paper in decimal code or in binary code, bit by bit (1s and 0s), because there was no high-level computer language, no
160:
pulls himself (and his horse) out of a swamp by his hair (specifically, his pigtail), not by his bootstraps – and no explicit reference to bootstraps has been found elsewhere in the various versions of the
Munchausen tales.
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that are able to be coded in the same language. (For example, a C compiler is now written in the C language. Once the basic compiler is written, improvements can be iteratively made, thus pulling the language up by its bootstraps). Also,
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Funding from sales to consumers-stage: In this particular stage, money from customers is used to keep the business operating afloat. Once expenses caused by normal day-to-day business operations are met, the rate growth usually
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available), until the entire instruction set was coded, branch addresses were automatically calculated, and other conveniences (such as conditional assembly, macros, optimisations, etc.) established. This was how the early
334:(SOAP) was developed. Compilers, linkers, loaders, and utilities were then coded in assembly language, further continuing the bootstrapping process of developing complex software systems by using simpler software.
363:
The development of compilers for new programming languages first developed in an existing language but then rewritten in the new language and compiled by itself, is another example of the bootstrapping notion.
230:
that the computer "pulls itself up by its bootstraps"; i.e., it improves itself by its own efforts. Booting is a chain of events that starts with execution of hardware-based procedures and may then hand off to
378:
During the installation of computer programs, it is sometimes necessary to update the installer or package manager itself. The common pattern for this is to use a small executable bootstrapper file (
385:) which updates the installer and starts the real installation after the update. Sometimes the bootstrapper also installs other prerequisites for the software during the bootstrapping process.
308:
Historically, bootstrapping also refers to an early technique for computer program development on new hardware. The technique described in this paragraph has been replaced by the use of a
128:: "It is conjectured that Mr. Murphee will now be enabled to hand himself over the Cumberland river or a barn yard fence by the straps of his boots." In 1860 it appeared in a comment on
463:'s performance. Typically, multiple classifiers will be trained on different sets of the input data, and on prediction tasks the output of the different classifiers will be combined.
564:
companies could also possibly reap the benefits of bootstrapping. These are organizations whereby the founder has money from the sale of a previous companies they can use to invest.
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members. At this point in time, the company may seek loans or even lean on other methods of additional funding such as venture capital to help with expansion and other improvements.
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is self-generated by the plasma, which reduces or eliminates the need for an external current driver. Maximising the bootstrap current is a major goal of advanced tokamak designs.
282:
Bootstrapping can also refer to the development of successively more complex, faster programming environments. The simplest environment will be, perhaps, a very basic text editor (
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is the process of restoring a power station to operation without relying on external power. In the absence of grid power, one or more black starts are used to bootstrap the grid.
567:
There are different methods of bootstrapping. Future business owners aspiring to use bootstrapping as way of launching their product or service often use the following methods:
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to refer to his belief that organizations could better evolve by improving the process they use for improvement (thus obtaining a compounding effect over time). His
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Bootstrapping is using very general consistency criteria to determine the form of a quantum theory from some assumptions on the spectrum of particles or operators.
820:
refers to the alpha particles produced in the fusion reaction providing further heating to the plasma. This heating leads to ignition and an overall energy gain.
64:
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program. Using these tools, one can write a more complex text editor, and a simple compiler for a higher-level language and so on, until one can have a
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to schedule an initial set of pending events, which schedule additional events, and with time, the distribution of event times approaches its
325:) which converted a few instructions into binary or decimal code: A1. This simple assembler program was then rewritten in its just-defined
481:: proponents believe that the development of seed AI will rapidly yield ever-smarter intelligence (via bootstrapping) and thus a new era.
135:
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in the 19th century. To request that someone "bootstrap" is to suggest that they might overcome great difficulty by sheer force of will.
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Therefore, to get a grid started, there must be at least a small number of power stations that can start entirely on their own. A
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rather than investors, thereby increasing the likelihood of creating a profitable business. This leaves startups with a better
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Gradually increasing the business' accounts payable through delaying payments or even renting equipment instead of buying them.
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that provides initial configuration information to newly joining nodes so that they may successfully join the overlay network.
203:
usually refers to the process of loading the basic software into the memory of a computer after power-on or general reset, the
1214:
1190:"Dispelling the Meritocracy Myth: Lessons for Higher Education and Student Affairs Educatorsand Student Affairs Educators"
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Some examples of successful entrepreneurs that have used bootstrapping in order to finance their businesses include
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The computer term bootstrap began as a metaphor in the 1950s. In computers, pressing a bootstrap button caused a
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729:. A number is written by a node, which reflects the percentage of bootstrap trees which also resolve the
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1206:
The Source of the River: The Social
Origins of Freshmen at America's Selective Colleges and Universities
585:
10,000 in startup capital with a third of small business launching with less than $ 5,000 bootstrapped.
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usually refers to a self-starting process that is supposed to continue or grow without external input.
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1078:""Pull yourself up by your bootstraps:" How a joke about bootstraps devolved into an American credo"
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hypertext system applied this strategy by using the tool they had developed to improve the tool.
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may have a tab, loop or handle at the top known as a bootstrap, allowing one to use fingers or a
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represents the operation of a system as a chronological sequence of events. A technique called
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Managing their working capital in a way that minimizes their company's accounts receivable.
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Experts have noted that several common stages exist for bootstrapping a business venture:
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Massey, Douglas S.; Charles, Camille Z.; Lundy, Garvey; Fischer, Mary J. (2011-06-27).
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932: – A thought experiment used to demonstrate the impossibility of proving any truth
920:
908:, also known as Bootstrap paradox – Theoretical paradox resulting from time travel
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120:" was already in use during the 19th century as an example of an impossible task. The
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Bootstrapping analysis gives a way to judge the strength of support for clades on
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which will then take care of loading other device drivers and software as needed.
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1603:"Mark Cuban: This is the 'biggest mistake' people make when starting a business"
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1052:"'Pull yourself up by your bootstraps' - the meaning and origin of this phrase"
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321:. A tiny assembler program was hand-coded for a new computer (for example the
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Buchholz, Werner (1953). "The System Design of the IBM Type 701 Computer".
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1346:. In ACM Workshop on Security of Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks (SASN) 2003.
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Self-starting process that is supposed to proceed without external input
1519:
Principles of
Forecasting: A Handbook for Researchers and Practitioners
1424:"Bootstrapping a Structured Self-Improving & Safe Autopoietic Self"
1022:
1003:
596:
536:
255:
1341:"Admission Control in Peer-to-Peer: Design and Performance Evaluation"
441:—the bootstrapping behavior is overwhelmed by steady-state behavior.
382:
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195:
109:
1512:"Judgmental Bootstrapping: Inferring Experts= Rules for Forecasting"
887:
A Bootstrapping Server
Function (BSF) is an intermediary element in
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231:
1131:"Why The Phrase 'Pull Yourself Up By Your Bootstraps' Is Nonsense"
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Cashing out 401k retirement funds and pay them off at later dates.
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which may help to fuel their business and cover initial expenses.
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fusion devices, bootstrapping refers to the process in which a
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bootstrap process. Bootstrapping can also be a supplement for
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Bradley Efron; Elizabeth
Halloran & Susan Holmes (1996).
1627:
917: – In cognitive linguistics, relating conceptual domains
730:
532:
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by
Richard Christiansen, the Harvard Business Review article
121:
1157:"Opinion | Pull Yourself Up by Bootstraps? Go Ahead, Try It"
891:
which provides application independent functions for mutual
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A bootstrapping node, also known as a rendezvous host, is a
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while 38 percent receive funding from family and friends."
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Bootstrapping is a technique used to iteratively improve a
247:
105:
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technique used to obtain estimates of summary statistics.
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pulls himself and his horse out of a swamp by his pigtail.
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models. Bootstrapping was also expanded upon in the book
1578:"Where Startup Funding Really Comes From (Infographic)"
940:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
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Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
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Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
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638:) refers to the ambitious projects that industrialized
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Using accessible money from their own personal savings.
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is used, which bootstraps initial data points using a
238:. Booting often involves processes such as performing
1267:"Yoid: Extending the Internet Multicast Architecture"
811:
1670:"Bootstrap confidence levels for phylogenetic trees"
1628:"Bootstrapping in Entrepreneurship - Karl T. Ulrich"
747:
Bootstrapping is a rule preventing the admission of
1733:A video talk by Douglas Engelbart on Bootstrapping
1509:
1394:"The Maximally Distributed Intelligence Explosion"
717:the full repertoire of different kinds of cells."
214:
1749:
1229:
124:dates at least to 1834, when it appeared in the
1743:Engelbart Institute on Bootstrapping Strategies
1392:Cortese, Francesco Albert Bosco (Spring 2014).
146:The term is sometimes attributed to a story in
626:in finance refers to the method to create the
1553:"Companies That Succeeded With Bootstrapping"
1264:
938: – Philosophical analogy about knowledge
153:The Surprising Adventures of Baron Munchausen
1521:. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Archived from
677:. There might be a discussion about this on
445:Artificial intelligence and machine learning
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1600:
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529:The Origin and Evolution of New Businesses
100:A pair of boots with one bootstrap visible
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697:Learn how and when to remove this message
1727:Freedictionary.com entries for Bootstrap
1332:
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535:written on how to properly bootstrap by
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67:of all important aspects of the article.
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1076:Williams, Mary Elizabeth (2023-04-01).
988:
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958: – Phrase coined by Herbert Hoover
531:by Amar Bhide. There is also an entire
277:
14:
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1338:
1040:cited in the Oxford English Dictionary
964:, also known as The Bootstrap Alliance
841:
63:Please consider expanding the lead to
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1546:
1544:
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1318:Traversat; et al. (2006-06-20).
1311:
923: – American novelist (1832–1899)
1722:Dictionary.com entries for Bootstrap
1101:
1099:
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872:
796:Magnetically confined fusion plasmas
649:
112:tool to help pull the boots on. The
36:
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118:pull oneself up by one's bootstraps
24:
1601:Huddleston, Tom Jr. (2019-10-11).
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1539:
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883:Generic Bootstrapping Architecture
812:Inertially confined fusion plasmas
431:bootstrapping the simulation model
234:and software which is loaded into
25:
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1715:
1626:Ulrich, Karl (10 February 2014).
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733:at the endpoints of that branch.
332:Symbolic Optimal Assembly Program
1155:Kristof, Nicholas (2020-02-20).
863:
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374:Installation (computer programs)
337:The term was also championed by
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1491:from the original on 2022-10-09
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1353:from the original on 2022-10-09
1279:from the original on 2022-10-09
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999:Bootstraps and Baron Munchausen
303:high-level programming language
274:been used since at least 1953.
176:
173:hard work, but initial wealth.
55:may be too short to adequately
1209:. Princeton University Press.
1188:Alvarado, Lorriz Anne (2010).
1148:
1123:
1069:
1043:
1029:
1010:
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754:
751:evidence in conspiracy cases.
215:Software loading and execution
65:provide an accessible overview
32:Bootstrapping (disambiguation)
13:
1:
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879:Bootstrapping Server Function
765:Bootstrapping is a theory of
484:
435:pseudorandom number generator
367:
1651:, pages 23-25, 1995 (paper)
1339:Saxena; et al. (2003).
1265:Francis, Paul (2000-04-02).
962:The Doug Engelbart Institute
853:stations cannot be started.
352:
181:
91:
7:
1576:Entis, Laura (2013-11-20).
1510:J. Scott Armstrong (2001).
1441:10.1016/j.procs.2014.11.095
984:(Mailing list). 2005-08-11.
899:
834:Bootstrapping is a form of
830:Bootstrapping (electronics)
818:inertial confinement fusion
761:Bootstrapping (linguistics)
506:
10:
1779:
1456:"The art of the bootstrap"
1244:10.1109/jrproc.1953.274300
876:
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838:in analog circuit design.
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491:Bootstrapping (statistics)
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475:recursive self-improvement
469:is a hypothesized type of
448:
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218:
29:
1428:Procedia Computer Science
1107:"The myth of meritocracy"
982:"figurative 'bootstraps'"
642:in the mid-20th century.
636:Operación Manos a la Obra
512:Bootstrapping in business
495:Bootstrapping populations
479:technological singularity
427:discrete-event simulation
417:Discrete-event simulation
411:Discrete-event simulation
359:Bootstrapping (compilers)
1687:10.1073/pnas.93.23.13429
1232:Proceedings of the I.R.E
525:The Art of Bootstrapping
345:team that developed the
1758:American English idioms
1422:Waser, Mark R. (2014).
614:with greater returns.
527:and the follow-up book
471:artificial intelligence
317:, no assembler, and no
1373:Cite journal requires
1299:Cite journal requires
947:'s short sci-fi story
736:
455:Intelligence explosion
143:
101:
1479:"The Bootstrap Bible"
1398:AAAI Spring Symposium
1320:"US Patent 7,065,579"
451:Bootstrap aggregating
138:
126:Workingman's Advocate
99:
956:Rugged individualism
936:Neurathian bootstrap
930:Münchhausen trilemma
767:language acquisition
667:confusing or unclear
278:Software development
246:settings, loading a
156:, but in that story
30:For other uses, see
1018:The unkindliest cut
915:Conceptual metaphor
842:Electric power grid
788:Conformal bootstrap
743:Bootstrapping (law)
675:clarify the section
632:Operation Bootstrap
594:serial entrepreneur
562:Serial entrepreneur
499:Bootstrapping is a
423:computer simulation
194:refers to language
188:computer technology
1637:– via Vimeo.
1458:. 21 November 2008
1161:The New York Times
1026:, January 25, 2009
1007:, January 27, 2009
945:Robert A. Heinlein
921:Horatio Alger myth
727:phylogenetic trees
521:Bootstrap Business
395:Bootstrapping node
225:Reboot (computing)
148:Rudolf Erich Raspe
144:
130:philosophy of mind
102:
1649:River Out of Eden
1647:Richard Dawkins,
1272:. www.aciri.org.
1216:978-1-4008-4076-2
950:By His Bootstraps
889:cellular networks
873:Cellular networks
836:positive feedback
816:Bootstrapping in
806:bootstrap current
714:River Out of Eden
707:
706:
699:
618:Leveraged buyouts
327:assembly language
301:and an extremely
271:hardwired program
252:resident monitors
82:
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16:(Redirected from
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389:Overlay networks
264:utility software
260:operating system
209:operating system
158:Baron Munchausen
140:Baron Munchausen
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1680:(23): 7085–90.
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1557:Investopedia
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18:Bootstrapped
1434:: 134–139.
1135:HuffPost UK
906:Causal loop
858:black start
848:Black start
824:Electronics
755:Linguistics
640:Puerto Rico
517:econometric
473:capable of
236:main memory
190:, the term
1752:Categories
1612:2020-12-18
1587:2020-12-18
1562:2020-12-18
1532:2012-01-10
1408:2018-07-01
1357:2008-12-24
1325:2008-12-23
1283:2008-12-24
1174:2023-11-09
1141:2023-11-09
1116:2023-11-09
1087:2023-11-09
1023:Boston.com
1004:Boston.com
969:References
669:to readers
597:Mark Cuban
551:increases.
537:Seth Godin
501:resampling
485:Statistics
461:classifier
421:A type of
368:Installers
256:hypervisor
242:, loading
240:self-tests
1763:Metaphors
1169:0362-4331
628:spot rate
383:setup.exe
353:Compilers
296:graphical
292:assembler
290:) and an
196:compilers
182:Computing
110:boot hook
92:Etymology
57:summarize
1486:Archived
1348:Archived
1274:Archived
1252:51673999
900:See also
607:Startups
507:Business
315:compiler
232:firmware
1738:YouTube
1706:8692949
1633:23 June
1495:23 June
1462:23 June
1061:23 June
1037:Ulysses
802:tokamak
773:Physics
749:hearsay
665:may be
646:Biology
630:curve.
467:Seed AI
425:called
323:IBM 650
221:Booting
201:booting
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319:linker
205:kernel
114:saying
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1248:S2CID
1082:Salon
731:clade
533:bible
380:e.g.,
262:, or
258:, an
122:idiom
106:boots
104:Tall
1702:PMID
1674:PNAS
1653:ISBN
1635:2018
1607:CNBC
1497:2018
1464:2018
1379:help
1305:help
1211:ISBN
1165:ISSN
1063:2018
881:and
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284:e.g.
254:, a
248:BIOS
223:and
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1736:on
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1111:BPS
800:In
737:Law
347:NLS
343:SRI
299:IDE
186:In
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