259:. Trouble with Buandig people and dingoes, however, drove the Arthur brothers to sell up in 1844. The Hentys also had problems with their Mount Gambier sheep runs with theft of their sheep and shepherds speared to death in 1844. Such heavy losses occurred that the Hentys were forced to withdraw all their flocks from the Mount Gambier run.The Leake brothers on their Glencoe Station also reported problems losing 1,000 sheep from their 16,000 flock during 1845. Hostilities are reported to have continued around the
298:, in April 1851 reveals that "the natives belonging to the Rivoli Bay Tribe (Buandig) are all quiet, and most of them usefully employed in one way or another by the settlers." The report also raises with concern that "infanticide has been and is still practised among the natives here.", and "relations existing between native woman and the Europeans are very discreditable."
231:, starting the movement of European settlers and their sheep, cattle, horses and bullocks across the Western plains of Victoria and the south east region of South Australia. Settlement occurred rapidly over the following two decades with significant frontier conflict taking place involving theft of sheep, spearings, massacres and
320:
and even moved into cottages at
Rosetown on Kingston's northern side in 1877. The people often moved camp seasonally gathering and using traditional foods and using the traditional local burial ground. They record that the Blackford Reserve on the Bordertown Road was another locality where Aboriginal
235:
of the natives. Grey's expedition reported encountering very few indigenous people, no more than groups of two or three. The abundance of signs of previous native land use with the scarcity of sighted natives was explained as due to the smallpox, introduced by
Europeans in the north, which has spread
286:
who was subsequently charged with the crime. The case was dropped by the Crown for lack of
European witnesses. Until that year, blacks were unable to testify under oath. Christina Smith's source from the Wattatonga tribe refers to 11 people killed in this incident by two white men. The cause of the
602:
Each of these divisions had many animals, plants, and inanimate elements correlated with it. These totemic items were treated as the friend of all members of a totemic clan, and restrictions were imposed on eating species associated with them, except under extreme circumstances when due sorrow and
301:
As late as 1854, settlers on
Bungandidj land still expressed fears of being attacked. The Leake Brothers of Glencoe Station built what they called their 'Frontier House' in 1854 which is described as a 'large homestead with slits in the walls through which rifles could be used against any likely
606:
The southerly groups appeared to have a migratory cycle consisting of setting up camps for fishing in the south over the warmer seasons, and then, with the onset of winter, leaving the stormy coasts to hunt and fish inland. Later reports describe their housing arrangements, of mud-daubed
270:"... damper poisoned with corrosive sublimate … driving the Natives from the only watering places in the neighbourhood. The Native women appear likewise to have been sought after by the shepherds, whilst the men were driven from the stations with threats".
859:'These leave no doubt that Jardwadjali 'is spoken about Horsham, Murtoa, Kewell, Warracknabeal, southerly to Grampians, Balmoral, Cavendish and Coleraine'. Thus, Mathews has included a large portion of territory that Tindale delineated as Buandig.' (
243:
being given or left for natives in the settlement of
Victoria and South Australia at the time. According to the accounts given by Pendowen, Neenimin and Barakbouranu, and narrated to Christina Smith:
4097:
504:
has challenged
Tindale's conclusions, arguing that the ethnohistoric and linguistic evidence does not support Tindale's claims regarding the boundaries between the Bungandidj and Jardwadjali.
1461:
209:, which were used to make sweet drinks, mud weirs in swamps to catch fish, wicker-work traps to snare birds, and raised platform structures for spotting emus and kangaroos to hunt.
3434:
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186:
the story of the first sighting of ships at Rivoli Bay in either 1822 or 1823, and his mother's abduction for three months before she was able to escape when the ship put in at
4088:
3238:
417:"The aborigines of the South-East were divided into five tribes, each occupying its own territory, and using different dialects of the same language. Their names were
449:), extending inland for about 30 miles (48 km). Some controversy exists as to which tribe, the Bungandidj or Meintangk, occupied the stretch of land between
266:
Mistreatment of
Aboriginal people was at a level in 1845 where the commissioner of police drew attention to the atrocious treatment in the Rivoli Bay District:
2959:
1787:
4213:
3364:
3427:
309:
Gradually a certain accommodation was made with
Buandig people working as station hands, shearers and domestic servants while remaining on their own land.
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4248:
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1661:
4276:
4241:
3420:
3392:
4271:
4206:
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3357:
3264:
3246:
1711:
The
Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent
2966:
2731:
352:
with
Bungadidj names. The town of Mount Gambier is as of October 2022 not yet dual-named, but is being signposted "Berrin / Mount Gambier",
3839:
2742:
163:, has been revealed, by archaeological explorations, to have been inhabited for some 30,000 years. Coastal occupation around the Robe and
2829:
1780:
4220:
3371:
1426:
232:
102:
904:
1526:
4234:
3385:
2952:
2889:
1485:
Understanding the Enemy - Ngamadjid or Foreign Invader? Aboriginal perception of Europeans in Nineteenth Century Western Victoria
488:
argued in 1940 and again in 1974 that at the time of European settlement the Bungandidj were under territorial pressure from the
282:
region of South Australia. At least 9 indigenous Bungandidj Wattatonga clan people were allegedly murdered by the station owner
3990:
3286:
4227:
4026:
3378:
2696:
2184:
1796:
1773:
1742:
1606:
1569:
1550:
1515:
1438:
4286:
3159:
2924:
2903:
1384:
Savage life and scenes in Australia and New Zealand: being an artist's impressions of countries and people at the Antipodes
283:
4281:
3786:
3307:
2868:
2847:
1404:
1114:
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continue to nurture and protect their culture through the Kungari Aboriginal Cultural Association based in Kingston SE.
182:
First contact between the Bungandidj and Europeans occurred in the early 1820s. Panchy from the Bungandidj recounted to
2875:
1699:
1452:
3846:
3311:
2822:
1469:
1382:
197:
led an expedition of surveyors, overland from Adelaide to Mt Gambier during April–May 1844, the diarist and painter
3898:
3220:
2573:
2418:
520:, with children being assigned their mother's class. Within the Kumite class there were five major animal totems
366:
74:
1483:
4055:
3997:
3940:
2854:
1430:
384:
119:
247:"We tasted the mutton, and found it very good; but we buried the damper, as we were afraid of being poisoned."
3926:
3884:
3877:
3300:
2917:
2374:
2265:
1731:
Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
275:
337:
There are many people in the region who identify as Bungandidj today. Descendants of the Bungandidj and the
4048:
3933:
3891:
3864:
3211:
3076:
2110:
1680:
406:
183:
1686:
The Booandik Tribe of South Australian Aborigines: A Sketch of Their Habits, Customs, Legends and Language
411:
The Boandik Tribe of South Australian Aborigines: A Sketch of Their Habits, Customs, Legends, and Language
3818:
2945:
2910:
2896:
2882:
2861:
2367:
1528:'Doing' history and 'Understanding' Cultural Landscapes: Cutting Through South Australia's Woakwine Range
816:
466:
454:
372:
322:
815:
was about the dispossession of the Buandig people. It was performed several times in 1988, including in
356:
being the name by which the town is known to its present-day Indigenous inhabitants. The names include:
4150:
3919:
3319:
2980:
2931:
2360:
2331:
2316:
1507:
446:
2432:
2251:
1706:
1598:
1410:
378:
1753:
441:
The largest clan, according to Smith, was the Bungandidj who occupied country from the mouth of the
4185:
4143:
3293:
3229:
2938:
2710:
2381:
2339:
2272:
1479:
1448:
820:
501:
442:
260:
218:
17:
1726:
4171:
3912:
3675:
3098:
3090:
2389:
2244:
2237:
1977:
345:
295:
3145:
3094:
3006:
2717:
2615:
2280:
2215:
2194:
828:
624:
1540:
3800:
3443:
3336:
3113:
3069:
2973:
2580:
2517:
2346:
1501:
1370:
1119:
115:
3152:
1391:
905:"Iconic Mount Gambier landmarks to be dual-named with their European and Bunganditj names"
205:
onwards, numerous native tracks, and old encampments with abandoned wurlies, and heaps of
8:
4164:
4136:
4113:
3954:
3521:
3479:
3083:
3013:
2131:
1378:
843:, and directed by Maza. Maza won the National Black Playwright Award for the production.
737:
Given the range of early interactions and encounters with the Bungandidj people, several
620:
497:
390:
198:
131:
127:
61:
1765:
1684:
1364:
236:
out, after devastating the Murray tribes and decimated Aboriginal people further south.
4122:
3947:
3689:
3570:
3486:
3027:
2724:
2082:
1914:
1867:
1818:
1497:
360:
228:
174:, meaning "people of the reeds", which indicates their connection to land and water.
4019:
3807:
3738:
3055:
3048:
2650:
2552:
1738:
1602:
1565:
1546:
1511:
1489:
1465:
1434:
1142:
291:
949:
4129:
3793:
3668:
3535:
3514:
3106:
3062:
3020:
2797:
2657:
2503:
2068:
1928:
1832:
1714:
1690:
1454:
Scars in the Landscape: a register of massacre sites in western Victoria, 1803–1859
1395:
338:
160:
91:
3041:
3034:
2643:
2475:
2138:
1638:
1592:
836:
824:
632:
123:
4062:
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3605:
3326:
3120:
2703:
2678:
2608:
2496:
2461:
2454:
2425:
2324:
2117:
2061:
1825:
1722:
485:
458:
344:
In 2022 many of the landmarks around Mount Gambier, including the lakes of the
202:
1616:
4265:
3626:
3556:
3528:
3127:
2636:
2629:
2594:
2587:
2566:
2545:
2489:
2468:
2447:
2440:
2159:
1956:
1811:
1588:
1542:
Out of the Silence: The History and Memory of South Australia's Frontier Wars
611:
more comfortable than the shepherds' huts later constructed by pastoralists.
240:
761:
Buanditj, Boandik, Buandic, Booandik, Bangandidj, Buandik, Buandic, Boandiks
3968:
3823:
3619:
3458:
2804:
2671:
2664:
2622:
2524:
2482:
2145:
2012:
840:
492:
people to the north forcing the Bungandidj territorial boundary south from
470:
462:
326:
256:
252:
224:
87:
1562:
Fatal Collisions: The South Australian Frontier and the Violence of Memory
3905:
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3717:
3703:
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3640:
3584:
3577:
3542:
3500:
3472:
2790:
2601:
2559:
2531:
2510:
2411:
2124:
1949:
1418:
742:
652:
489:
478:
474:
317:
279:
194:
187:
95:
4098:
Wotjobaluk, Jaadwa, Jadawadjali, Wergaia and Jupagulk Peoples v Victoria
3412:
1012:
159:
The territory of not only the Bunganndidj but also their neighbours the
4178:
4157:
3779:
3745:
3731:
3710:
3696:
3654:
3647:
3177:
2294:
2166:
2152:
2089:
2075:
1991:
1921:
1907:
1839:
961:
450:
349:
164:
1662:"'We Have Found Our Paradise': the South-East squattocracy, 1840–1870"
3682:
3549:
3507:
2783:
2763:
2208:
2047:
1970:
1879:
1871:
1734:
1036:
473:
people of the Coorong and Murray mouth to the west, the Bindjali and
1617:"The Keepers: Belvoir Street Theatre, Surry Hills, NSW: 25 May 1988"
1314:
3633:
3598:
3591:
3563:
3465:
2538:
2353:
2222:
2054:
2033:
2026:
1998:
1963:
1942:
1643:
1621:
808:
493:
394:
1713:. Vol. 3. Melbourne: J. Ferres. pp. 460–465 – via
3752:
3724:
2756:
2287:
2258:
2019:
2005:
1984:
1935:
1893:
1853:
738:
206:
2312:
2096:
2040:
1900:
1886:
1860:
1024:
832:
353:
325:
were the territorial border shared between the Buandig and the
313:
1639:"The Keepers: Troupe Theatre, Unley, SA. Adelaide Fringe 1988"
1423:
The Bunganditj (Buwandik) Language of the Mount Gambier Region
643:(speech of the Bungandidj). It consisted of 5 known dialects,
457:, and in particular which of the two was in possession of the
3612:
3184:
2230:
2201:
2103:
1341:
608:
973:
167:
attests that habitation from, at a low estimate, 5,800 BP.
4089:
Members of the Yorta Yorta Aboriginal Community v Victoria
3239:
Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Rights Act 1981
1560:
Foster, Robert; Nettelbeck, Amanda; Hosking, Rick (2001).
1331:
1329:
1215:
255:
joined his brother Charles in establishing a sheep run at
1795:
1581:
Mount Gambier, The City around a Cave: A regional History
990:
988:
1637:
1320:
1290:
1256:
1254:
927:
925:
723:
715:
707:
699:
691:
683:
593:
585:
577:
569:
556:
548:
540:
532:
524:
1559:
1326:
1042:
1018:
967:
955:
512:
The Bungandidj were divided into two marriage classes:
1302:
1191:
1181:
1179:
1166:
1164:
1060:
985:
363:, meaning "crow country", or "the sound of many crows"
312:
According to Bell and Marsden, Aboriginal people made
1689:. Adelaide: E Spiller Government Printer – via
1490:
Faculty of Business and Economics Working Paper 73/98
1251:
1203:
1072:
922:
134:. Bungandidj was historically frequently rendered as
1669:
Journal of the Historical Society of South Australia
1266:
776:
Bungandity, Bungandaitj, Bungandaetch, Bungandaetcha
1176:
1161:
1048:
1000:
883:
881:
879:
239:There are a number of reports of poisoned flour or
2960:Wapma Thura–Southern Flinders Ranges National Park
1503:Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development
1227:
937:
201:who accompanied them, noted that they found, from
1615:
1347:
1278:
1239:
4263:
1538:
1030:
876:
469:. The Bungandidj shared tribal borders with the
461:. The other clans occupied country from between
1115:"Dual names for sites of cultural significance"
3265:List of native title claims in South Australia
645:Bungandidj, Pinejunga, Mootatunga, Wichintunga
3428:
2967:Wabma Kadarbu Mound Springs Conservation Park
1781:
212:
1659:
1427:Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies
1135:
1084:
979:
1751:
1539:Foster, Robert; Nettelbeck, Amanda (2012).
1402:
1335:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
994:
898:
896:
658:Related vocabulary in Bungandidj includes:
321:people lived until the 1970s. Kingston and
3435:
3421:
2869:Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre National Park (part)
1788:
1774:
306:,' according to local historian Les Hill.
287:massacre was the theft of sheep for food.
3442:
103:List of Indigenous Australian group names
1644:The Australian Live Performance Database
1622:The Australian Live Performance Database
1096:
893:
635:. Their own name for their language was
627:, and is classified as belonging to the
2953:Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park
1721:
1697:
1308:
1221:
1185:
788:(Mt Gambier dialect, of eastern tribes)
565:The Kroke class had four major totems:
14:
4277:Aboriginal peoples of Victoria (state)
4264:
4070:Laws concerning Indigenous Australians
3991:Victorian Aboriginal Heritage Register
3247:Laws concerning Indigenous Australians
1587:
1006:
507:
346:dormant volcano known as Mount Gambier
4272:Aboriginal peoples of South Australia
4027:Minister for Treaty and First Peoples
3416:
2697:Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara
1797:Aboriginal peoples of South Australia
1769:
1679:
1496:
1478:
1447:
1417:
1377:
1296:
1284:
1272:
1260:
1233:
1209:
1197:
1170:
1066:
1054:
1043:Foster, Nettelbeck & Hosking 2001
1019:Foster, Nettelbeck & Hosking 2001
968:Foster, Nettelbeck & Hosking 2001
956:Foster, Nettelbeck & Hosking 2001
931:
902:
860:
409:in her 1880 book on the Bungandidj –
2925:Nullarbor Wilderness Protection Area
2904:Malkumba-Coongie Lakes National Park
1735:Australian National University Press
1578:
1524:
1403:Bell, Peter; Marsden, Susan (2008).
1245:
1078:
943:
887:
823:by Troupe Theatre, both directed by
732:
639:(speech of man), or, alternatively,
51:Regions with significant populations
3787:Deen Maar Indigenous Protected Area
3308:Hindmarsh Island Bridge controversy
2890:Ikara–Flinders Ranges National Park
24:
2876:Kanku-Breakaways Conservation Park
903:Evans, Jack D (21 February 2022).
792:Pungandaitj, Pungantitj, Pungandik
651:. It has recently been studied by
25:
4298:
819:by Mainstreet Theatre and at the
3287:Aborigines' Friends' Association
3178:Aṉangu (Western Desert language)
1583:. Adelaide: Openbook Publishers.
1363:
1090:
177:
3899:Chiltern-Mt Pilot National Park
3221:Aboriginal Lands Trust Act 1966
853:
381:, meaning "sacred talking tree"
375:, meaning "emus, their tracks"
367:Leg of Mutton Lake / Yatton Loo
263:region for the next two years.
75:Australian Aboriginal mythology
4056:Aboriginal Protection Act 1869
3998:Victoria Archaeological Survey
3941:Mount William stone axe quarry
2855:Elliot Price Conservation Park
1431:Australian National University
958:, pp. 47, 77, 82–83, 113.
803:
385:Umpherston Sinkhole / Balumbul
13:
1:
3819:Registered Aboriginal Parties
3301:Avenue Range Station massacre
2918:Ngaut Ngaut Conservation Park
1321:AusStage: Troupe Theatre 1988
677:
276:Avenue Range Station massacre
154:
4049:Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006
3934:Lake Bolac stone arrangement
3892:Carisbrook stone arrangement
3212:Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988
1660:Macgillivray, Leith (1989).
1594:Conquest of the Ngarrindjeri
1031:Foster & Nettelbeck 2012
870:
724:
716:
708:
700:
692:
684:
594:
586:
578:
570:
557:
549:
541:
533:
525:
7:
4287:History of Victoria (state)
2946:Strzelecki Regional Reserve
2911:Mamungari Conservation Park
2897:Innamincka Regional Reserve
2883:Lake Gairdner National Park
2862:Gawler Ranges National Park
2840:Co-managed protected areas:
2815:Indigenous protected areas:
1752:Van Straten, Frank (2007).
629:Bungandidj/Kuurn-Kopan-Noot
614:
598:: white crestless cockatoo.
387:, meaning "buttercup flower
373:Brownes Lake / Kroweratwari
316:encampments on the edge of
27:Aboriginal Australian group
10:
4303:
4282:History of South Australia
4151:Convincing Ground massacre
3320:History of South Australia
3185:Nunga (Aboriginal English)
2981:Yumbarra Conservation Park
2932:Nullarbor Regional Reserve
2732:List of Aboriginal schools
1758:Live Performance Australia
1707:Curr, Edward Micklethwaite
1508:Cambridge University Press
1390:. Vol. 1, 2. London:
1356:
631:subgroup of the Victorian
400:
216:
213:Conflict and dispossession
149:
4195:
4112:
4079:
4043:
4036:
4011:
3978:
3872:
3863:
3817:
3769:
3450:
3346:
3278:
3256:
3205:
3198:
3169:
3137:
3001:
2994:
2839:
2814:
2751:
2741:
2688:
2433:Poltpalingada Booboorowie
2403:
2304:
2183:
2176:
1803:
1754:"Bob Maza AM 1939 – 2000"
1411:Kingston District Council
1406:Kingston SE – An Overview
379:Valley Lake / Ketla Malpi
86:
81:
73:
68:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
4186:Murdering Gully massacre
4144:Campaspe Plains massacre
3294:Australian frontier wars
3230:Aboriginal Witnesses Act
2939:Pureba Conservation Park
2711:Gerard Community Council
846:
821:Adelaide Fringe Festival
751:Barconedeet, Bak-on-date
500:. However the historian
332:
290:A report by Mr Smith to
219:Australian frontier wars
130:. Their language is the
122:region in south-eastern
4172:Mudgegonga rock shelter
3913:Grampians National Park
3091:Western Desert language
1723:Tindale, Norman Barnett
995:Bell & Marsden 2008
603:remorse was expressed.
296:Protector of Aborigines
3146:Lower Murray languages
2718:Kupa Piṯi Kungka Tjuṯa
2616:Eileen Yaritja Stevens
1348:AusStage: Belvoir 1988
829:Belvoir Street Theatre
768:(name for a language)(
170:Their name comes from
126:, and also in western
4201:By state or territory
3444:Aboriginal Victorians
3352:By state or territory
3337:Waterloo Bay massacre
2974:Witjira National Park
2848:Dhilba Guuranda-Innes
2518:Tuppy Ngintja Goodwin
2111:Western Desert people
1579:Hill, Les R. (1972).
1392:Smith, Elder & Co
1120:City of Mount Gambier
625:Pama-Nyungan language
477:to the north and the
445:to Rivoli Bay North (
217:Further information:
116:Aboriginal Australian
82:Related ethnic groups
3153:Thura-Yura languages
3063:Ngamini (Yarluyandi)
1698:Stewart, D. (1887).
1525:Fort, Carol (2005).
1510:. pp. 169–175.
1464:. pp. 169–175.
1379:Angas, George French
1371:City Council of Robe
1143:"WarWar is the word"
496:towards present day
481:people to the east.
195:Governor George Grey
4165:Gippsland massacres
4137:Blood Hole massacre
4012:State organisations
3955:Sunbury earth rings
1564:. Wakefield Press.
1545:. Wakefield Press.
1498:Dixon, Robert M. W.
1299:, pp. 125–126.
1224:, pp. 461–462.
621:Bungandidj language
508:Social organisation
391:Cave Garden / Thugi
199:George French Angas
132:Bungandidj language
62:Bungandidj language
37:
4214:Northern Territory
3948:New Guinea II cave
3365:Northern Territory
3121:Yarli (Malyangapa)
2725:Maralinga Tjarutja
2581:Lowitja O'Donoghue
1915:Maralinga Tjarutja
1366:Aboriginal History
1123:. 16 February 2022
561:: (harmless) snake
361:Blue Lake / Warwar
35:
4259:
4258:
4249:Western Australia
4108:
4107:
4020:Heritage Victoria
4007:
4006:
3808:Lake Boga mission
3410:
3409:
3400:Western Australia
3274:
3273:
3194:
3193:
2990:
2989:
2651:Natasha Wanganeen
2553:Natascha McNamara
2399:
2398:
1870:, (including the
1744:978-0-708-10741-6
1727:"Bunganditj (SA)"
1608:978-0-727-01112-1
1571:978-1-862-54533-5
1552:978-1-743-05172-6
1517:978-0-521-47378-1
1482:(November 1998).
1440:978-0-858-83495-8
1200:, pp. 15–16.
1081:, pp. 26–29.
1069:, pp. 36–37.
1021:, pp. 74–93.
982:, pp. 27–28.
980:Macgillivray 1989
970:, pp. 82–83.
934:, pp. 25–26.
797:Smoky River tribe
781:Drualat-ngolonung
733:Alternative names
688:((male) kangaroo)
637:Drualat-ngolonung
369:(unknown meaning)
223:In November 1834
112:Bungandidj people
108:
107:
16:(Redirected from
4294:
4251:
4244:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4188:
4181:
4174:
4167:
4160:
4153:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4130:Battle of Yering
4125:
4101:
4092:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4041:
4040:
4029:
4022:
4000:
3993:
3982:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3922:
3915:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3870:
3869:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3810:
3803:
3796:
3794:Ebenezer Mission
3789:
3782:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3676:Pallanganmiddang
3671:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3536:Djargurd Wurrong
3531:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3414:
3413:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3339:
3332:
3322:
3315:
3312:Royal Commission
3303:
3296:
3289:
3267:
3249:
3242:
3233:
3224:
3215:
3203:
3202:
3187:
3180:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3138:Language groups:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3009:
2999:
2998:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2832:
2830:Mount Willoughby
2825:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2759:
2749:
2748:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2658:Ginger Wikilyiri
2653:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2504:Stevie Goldsmith
2499:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2392:
2385:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2327:
2320:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2276:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2181:
2180:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1748:
1718:
1715:Internet Archive
1704:
1694:
1691:Internet Archive
1681:Smith, Mrs James
1676:
1666:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1612:
1584:
1575:
1556:
1535:
1534:. pp. 1–17.
1533:
1521:
1493:
1492:. pp. 1=25.
1475:
1459:
1444:
1414:
1399:
1396:Internet Archive
1389:
1374:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1336:Van Straten 2007
1333:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1212:, pp. ix–x.
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1174:
1168:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1111:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
983:
977:
971:
965:
959:
953:
947:
941:
935:
929:
920:
919:
917:
915:
900:
891:
885:
864:
857:
727:
719:
711:
703:
695:
687:
597:
590:: an edible root
589:
581:
573:
560:
553:: black cockatoo
552:
544:
536:
528:
278:occurred in the
118:people from the
94:, Bindjali, and
92:Dhauwurd wurrung
41:Total population
38:
34:
21:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4255:
4254:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4228:South Australia
4226:
4219:
4212:
4207:New South Wales
4205:
4200:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4142:
4135:
4128:
4123:Batman's Treaty
4121:
4104:
4095:
4086:
4075:
4068:
4061:
4054:
4047:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3980:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3932:
3925:
3918:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3822:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3446:
3441:
3411:
3406:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3379:South Australia
3377:
3370:
3363:
3358:New South Wales
3356:
3351:
3342:
3335:
3325:
3318:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3285:
3270:
3263:
3252:
3245:
3236:
3227:
3218:
3209:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3099:Yankunytjatjara
3089:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2937:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2762:
2755:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2644:Gavin Wanganeen
2642:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2476:Kevin Buzzacott
2474:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2395:
2388:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2330:
2323:
2311:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2139:Yankunytjatjara
2137:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1799:
1794:
1764:
1745:
1702:
1700:"Mount Gambier"
1664:
1650:
1648:
1628:
1626:
1609:
1572:
1553:
1531:
1518:
1506:. Vol. 1.
1472:
1457:
1441:
1387:
1359:
1354:
1346:
1342:
1334:
1327:
1319:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1295:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1271:
1267:
1263:, p. xxxv.
1259:
1252:
1244:
1240:
1232:
1228:
1220:
1216:
1208:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1184:
1177:
1169:
1162:
1152:
1150:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1126:
1124:
1113:
1112:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1077:
1073:
1065:
1061:
1053:
1049:
1041:
1037:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1013:
1005:
1001:
993:
986:
978:
974:
966:
962:
954:
950:
946:, pp. 5–6.
942:
938:
930:
923:
913:
911:
901:
894:
886:
877:
873:
868:
867:
858:
854:
849:
837:Lillian Crombie
825:Geoff Crowhurst
806:
801:
766:Bunganditjngolo
735:
680:
633:Kulin languages
617:
582:: teatree scrub
534:boorte parangal
510:
484:Anthropologist
407:Christina Smith
403:
335:
221:
215:
184:Christina Smith
180:
157:
152:
124:South Australia
98:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4300:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4257:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4245:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4210:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4118:
4116:
4110:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4102:
4093:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4066:
4063:Half-Caste Act
4059:
4052:
4044:
4038:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4023:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3994:
3986:
3984:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3965:
3962:Tarragal Caves
3958:
3951:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3923:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3873:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3836:
3833:Barengi Gadjin
3828:
3826:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3775:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3707:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3623:
3616:
3609:
3606:Krauatungalang
3602:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3490:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3440:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3417:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3333:
3323:
3316:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3243:
3234:
3225:
3216:
3206:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3181:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3160:Sign languages
3156:
3149:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3095:Pitjantjatjara
3087:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3002:
2996:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2826:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2760:
2752:
2746:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2704:Aṉangu schools
2700:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2679:Tjayanka Woods
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2609:Tauto Sansbury
2605:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2497:Gladys Elphick
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2462:Shaun Burgoyne
2458:
2455:Peter Burgoyne
2451:
2444:
2437:
2429:
2426:Maringka Baker
2422:
2415:
2407:
2405:
2404:Notable people
2401:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2386:
2384:(Point McLeay)
2378:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2328:
2321:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2190:
2188:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2062:Pitjantjatjara
2058:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1793:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1770:
1763:
1762:
1749:
1743:
1719:
1695:
1677:
1657:
1635:
1613:
1607:
1589:Jenkin, Graham
1585:
1576:
1570:
1557:
1551:
1536:
1522:
1516:
1494:
1476:
1470:
1445:
1439:
1415:
1400:
1375:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1340:
1325:
1313:
1311:, p. 464.
1301:
1289:
1277:
1275:, p. 125.
1265:
1250:
1238:
1226:
1214:
1202:
1190:
1175:
1160:
1134:
1095:
1083:
1071:
1059:
1047:
1035:
1033:, p. 138.
1023:
1011:
999:
984:
972:
960:
948:
936:
921:
892:
874:
872:
869:
866:
865:
851:
850:
848:
845:
805:
802:
800:
799:
794:
789:
783:
778:
773:
772:is a misprint)
763:
758:
756:Booandik-ngolo
753:
747:
734:
731:
730:
729:
721:
713:
705:
697:
689:
679:
676:
641:Booandik-ngolo
616:
613:
600:
599:
595:boorte kara-al
591:
583:
579:boorte wsereoo
575:
571:boorte wirrmal
563:
562:
554:
546:
538:
530:
509:
506:
486:Norman Tindale
459:Woakwine Range
439:
438:
402:
399:
398:
397:
388:
382:
376:
370:
364:
334:
331:
272:
271:
249:
248:
233:mass poisoning
214:
211:
203:Woakwine Range
179:
176:
156:
153:
151:
148:
106:
105:
84:
83:
79:
78:
77:, Christianity
71:
70:
66:
65:
58:
57:
53:
52:
48:
47:
43:
42:
31:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4299:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4250:
4246:
4243:
4239:
4236:
4232:
4229:
4225:
4222:
4218:
4215:
4211:
4208:
4204:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4187:
4183:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4155:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4141:
4138:
4134:
4131:
4127:
4124:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4071:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4046:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4010:
3999:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3977:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3959:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3931:
3928:
3924:
3921:
3917:
3914:
3910:
3907:
3903:
3900:
3896:
3893:
3889:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3855:
3851:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3837:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3824:Land councils
3820:
3816:
3809:
3805:
3802:
3798:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3673:
3670:
3666:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3645:
3642:
3638:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3557:Girai wurrung
3554:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3529:Djadjawurrung
3526:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3438:
3433:
3431:
3426:
3424:
3419:
3418:
3415:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3338:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3007:Adnyamathanha
3004:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2982:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2940:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:Organisations
2687:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2638:
2637:James Unaipon
2634:
2631:
2630:David Unaipon
2627:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2595:Frances Rings
2592:
2589:
2588:Alitya Rigney
2585:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2574:Lewis O'Brien
2571:
2568:
2567:Betty Muffler
2564:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2546:Tjungkara Ken
2543:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2490:Nyakul Dawson
2487:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2469:Hector Burton
2466:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2448:Iris Burgoyne
2445:
2442:
2441:Jack Buckskin
2438:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2347:Killalpaninna
2344:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2160:Yawarrawarrka
2157:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1957:Ngaanyatjarra
1954:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1812:Adnyamathanha
1809:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1658:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1537:
1530:
1529:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1480:Clark, Ian D.
1477:
1473:
1471:0-85575-281-5
1467:
1463:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1449:Clark, Ian D.
1446:
1442:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1349:
1344:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1322:
1317:
1310:
1305:
1298:
1293:
1286:
1281:
1274:
1269:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1247:
1242:
1235:
1230:
1223:
1218:
1211:
1206:
1199:
1194:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1173:, p. ix.
1172:
1167:
1165:
1149:. 30 May 2019
1148:
1144:
1138:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1092:
1087:
1080:
1075:
1068:
1063:
1057:, p. 62.
1056:
1051:
1045:, p. 13.
1044:
1039:
1032:
1027:
1020:
1015:
1009:, p. 63.
1008:
1003:
996:
991:
989:
981:
976:
969:
964:
957:
952:
945:
940:
933:
928:
926:
910:
906:
899:
897:
889:
884:
882:
880:
875:
863:, p. 15)
862:
856:
852:
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
798:
795:
793:
790:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
771:
770:Borandikngolo
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
746:
744:
743:orthographies
740:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
681:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
656:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
612:
610:
604:
596:
592:
588:
587:boorte moorna
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
567:
566:
559:
558:boorte karato
555:
551:
550:boorte willer
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
522:
521:
519:
515:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
443:Glenelg River
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
415:
414:
412:
408:
405:According to
396:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
358:
357:
355:
351:
347:
342:
340:
330:
328:
324:
319:
315:
310:
307:
305:
299:
297:
293:
288:
285:
281:
277:
274:In 1848, the
269:
268:
267:
264:
262:
261:Glenelg River
258:
254:
246:
245:
244:
242:
237:
234:
230:
227:settled near
226:
220:
210:
208:
207:banksia cones
204:
200:
196:
191:
189:
185:
178:First contact
175:
173:
168:
166:
162:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
120:Mount Gambier
117:
113:
104:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
80:
76:
72:
67:
63:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
30:
19:
4096:
4087:
3979:
3969:Wurdi Youang
3522:Djab Wurrung
3493:
3480:Braiakaulung
3459:Barababaraba
3327:
3237:
3228:
3219:
3210:
3114:Yandruwandha
3084:Wangkangurru
3070:Ngarrindjeri
2805:Wati-kutjara
2775:
2771:
2767:
2672:Chad Wingard
2665:Norah Wilson
2623:Moogy Sumner
2525:Ruby Hammond
2483:Vince Copley
2435:(Tom Walker)
2375:Point Pearce
2266:Pipalyatjara
2146:Yardliyawara
2132:Yandruwandha
2013:Ngarrindjeri
1846:
1757:
1730:
1710:
1685:
1672:
1668:
1649:. Retrieved
1642:
1627:. Retrieved
1620:
1593:
1580:
1561:
1541:
1527:
1502:
1484:
1453:
1422:
1419:Blake, Barry
1405:
1394:– via
1383:
1365:
1343:
1316:
1309:Stewart 1887
1304:
1292:
1280:
1268:
1248:, p. 6.
1241:
1236:, p. x.
1229:
1222:Stewart 1887
1217:
1205:
1193:
1186:Tindale 1974
1151:. Retrieved
1146:
1137:
1125:. Retrieved
1118:
1086:
1074:
1062:
1050:
1038:
1026:
1014:
1002:
975:
963:
951:
939:
912:. Retrieved
908:
890:, p. 4.
855:
841:Danny Adcock
812:
807:
796:
791:
785:
780:
775:
769:
765:
760:
755:
750:
736:
671:
667:
663:
659:
657:
648:
644:
640:
636:
628:
618:
605:
601:
564:
526:boorte moola
517:
513:
511:
502:Ian D. Clark
483:
471:Ngarrindjeri
463:Lacepede Bay
440:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
410:
404:
348:, have been
343:
336:
327:Ngarrindjeri
311:
308:
303:
300:
292:Dr Moorhouse
289:
273:
265:
257:Mount Schank
253:Henry Arthur
250:
238:
225:Edward Henty
222:
192:
181:
172:Bung-an-ditj
171:
169:
158:
143:
139:
135:
111:
109:
99:
88:Ngarrindjeri
32:Ethnic group
29:
4037:Legislation
3906:Cloggs Cave
3801:Framlingham
3771:Communities
3760:Yorta Yorta
3718:Wemba-Wemba
3704:Wadawurrung
3690:Tatungalung
3662:Ngooraialum
3641:Ladji Ladji
3585:Jardwadjali
3578:Gunditjmara
3571:Gunaikurnai
3543:Djilamatang
3501:Boonwurrung
3487:Brataualung
3473:Brabiralung
3093:(dialects:
3014:Antakirinja
2791:Muldjewangk
2764:'Dreamtime'
2745:and culture
2602:Nura Rupert
2560:Patty Mills
2532:Ruby Hunter
2511:Adam Goodes
2419:Jimmy Baker
2412:Ian Abdulla
2334:(Umeewarra)
2275:(Ernabella)
2177:Communities
2125:Wongkanguru
2083:Tanganekald
1868:Jarildekald
1819:Antakirinja
1651:17 December
1629:17 December
1007:Jenkin 1979
835:, starring
813:The Keepers
804:In the arts
728:(white man)
701:kar na chum
670:(boy); and
653:Barry Blake
490:Jardwadjali
479:Gunditjmara
475:Jardwadjali
431:Wichintunga
393:, meaning "
284:James Brown
280:Guichen Bay
188:Guichen Bay
96:Jardwadjali
4266:Categories
4221:Queensland
4179:Munangabum
4158:Coranderrk
3885:Box Gulley
3854:Wurundjeri
3847:Wathaurung
3780:Coranderrk
3746:Wurundjeri
3739:Wotjobaluk
3732:Woiwurrung
3711:Warkawarka
3697:Taungurung
3655:Minyambuta
3648:Mardidjali
3494:Bungandidj
3372:Queensland
2368:Oak Valley
2295:Yunyarinyi
2167:Yirawirung
2153:Yarluyandi
2090:Thangkaali
2076:Ramindjeri
1992:Ngangaruku
1922:Mardidjali
1908:Malyangapa
1847:Bungandidj
1840:Bodaruwitj
1297:Smith 1880
1285:Blake 2003
1273:Smith 1880
1261:Dixon 2004
1234:Smith 1880
1210:Smith 1880
1198:Clark 1998
1171:Smith 1880
1153:14 October
1127:14 October
1067:Smith 1880
1055:Smith 1880
932:Smith 1880
914:14 October
861:Smith 1880
817:Naracoorte
704:(wild dog)
696:(tame dog)
678:Some words
649:Polinjunga
529:: fishhawk
467:Bordertown
455:Cape Jaffa
451:Rivoli Bay
435:Polinjunga
427:Mootatunga
350:dual-named
323:Bordertown
165:Cape Banks
155:Prehistory
36:Bungandidj
3927:Kow Swamp
3878:Bend Road
3683:Pangerang
3669:Ngurelban
3592:Jari Jari
3550:Gadubanud
3515:Dhudhuroa
3508:Dadi Dadi
3077:Paakantyi
3028:Barngarla
2995:Languages
2784:Tjilbruke
2776:tjukurrpa
2772:mura-mura
2361:Nepabunna
2332:Davenport
2325:Colebrook
2317:Poonindie
2209:Indulkana
2185:APY Lands
2069:Portaulun
2048:Peramangk
1971:Ngayawang
1929:Meintangk
1880:Karangura
1872:Mulbarapa
1833:Barngarla
1500:(2004) .
1246:Fort 2005
1079:Hill 1972
944:Fort 2005
888:Fort 2005
871:Citations
827:, and at
674:(mother)
668:moorongal
542:boorte wa
537:: pelican
498:Casterton
447:Beachport
423:Pinejunga
395:bullfrogs
339:Meintangk
161:Meintangk
64:, English
56:Languages
4242:Victoria
4235:Tasmania
3981:See also
3840:Bunurong
3634:Kwatkwat
3599:Jupagalk
3564:Gulidjan
3466:Bidhawal
3393:Victoria
3386:Tasmania
3330:massacre
3056:Ngadjuri
3049:Narungga
2798:Ngiṉṯaka
2743:Religion
2539:Ivaritji
2354:Koonibba
2252:Mintabie
2225:(Fregon)
2223:Kaltjiti
2055:Pilatapa
2034:Ngurunta
2027:Ngintait
1999:Ngaralda
1964:Ngadjuri
1943:Narungga
1725:(1974).
1683:(1880).
1675:: 25–38.
1591:(1979).
1451:(1995).
1421:(2003).
1381:(1847).
909:ABC News
811:'s play
809:Bob Maza
739:demonyms
725:koomamir
720:(mother)
712:(father)
693:kal/karl
666:(girl);
615:Language
494:Gariwerd
419:Booandik
318:Kingston
304:intruder
251:In 1843
229:Portland
144:Booandik
128:Victoria
69:Religion
18:Booandik
4114:History
3753:Yalukit
3725:Wergaia
3451:Peoples
3279:History
3107:Wirangu
3021:Arabana
2823:Watarru
2778:, etc.)
2757:Arkaroo
2382:Raukkan
2288:Watarru
2273:Pukatja
2259:Nyapaṟi
2118:Wirangu
2020:Ngawadj
2006:Ngarkat
1985:Ngameni
1936:Mirning
1894:Kokatha
1854:Dhirari
1826:Arabana
1804:Peoples
1709:(ed.).
1462:AIATSIS
1357:Sources
1147:SAWater
745:exist:
662:(man);
609:wurlies
401:Country
150:History
140:Buandig
136:Boandik
114:are an
46:unknown
4080:Cases:
3920:Keilor
3627:Kurung
3257:Cases:
3170:Words:
3042:Kaurna
2390:Yalata
2340:Gerard
2313:Akenta
2305:Other:
2245:Mimili
2238:Makiri
2097:Wailpi
2041:Nukunu
1978:Ngalia
1901:Kuyani
1887:Kaurna
1741:
1647:. 1988
1625:. 1988
1605:
1568:
1549:
1514:
1468:
1437:
833:Sydney
685:kooraa
664:barite
545:: crow
514:Kumite
433:, and
354:Berrin
314:wurley
294:, the
241:damper
3865:Sites
3620:Kulin
3613:Koori
3328:Maria
3035:Dieri
2281:Umuwa
2231:Kaṉpi
2216:Kalka
2202:Iltur
2195:Amaṯa
2104:Warki
1861:Dieri
1705:. In
1703:(PDF)
1665:(DOC)
1599:Rigby
1532:(PDF)
1458:(PDF)
1388:(PDF)
847:Notes
786:Nguro
717:ngate
660:drual
623:is a
574:: owl
518:Kroke
333:Today
193:When
142:, or
3199:Laws
3128:Yuyu
2768:muda
1950:Nauo
1739:ISBN
1653:2021
1631:2021
1603:ISBN
1566:ISBN
1547:ISBN
1512:ISBN
1466:ISBN
1435:ISBN
1155:2022
1129:2022
1091:Robe
916:2022
839:and
741:and
709:marm
672:ngat
647:and
619:The
516:and
453:and
110:The
831:in
465:to
100:see
4268::
3097:,
2774:,
2770:,
1756:.
1737:.
1733:.
1729:.
1673:17
1671:.
1667:.
1641:.
1619:.
1601:.
1597:.
1488:.
1460:.
1433:.
1429:,
1425:.
1409:.
1369:.
1328:^
1253:^
1178:^
1163:^
1145:.
1117:.
1098:^
987:^
924:^
907:.
895:^
878:^
655:.
437:."
429:,
425:,
421:,
413:-
329:.
190:.
146:.
138:,
90:,
3821:/
3436:e
3429:t
3422:v
3314:)
3310:(
3101:)
2766:(
2319:)
2315:(
2187::
1874:)
1789:e
1782:t
1775:v
1760:.
1747:.
1717:.
1693:.
1655:.
1633:.
1611:.
1574:.
1555:.
1520:.
1474:.
1443:.
1413:.
1398:.
1373:.
1350:.
1338:.
1323:.
1287:.
1188:.
1157:.
1131:.
1093:.
997:.
918:.
20:)
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