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Tirano ha muerto». Rápidamente, la proclama fue desmentida. Una segunda oleada de bombardeos. Esta vez eran los
Gloster Meteor. Los objetivos habían cambiado. Las bombas ya no cayeron sobre la Casa Rosada. La Plaza de Mayo, las bocas de subte y las avenidas aledañas fueron los objetivos. Ya habían empezado a llegar trabajadores citados imprudentamente por Di Pietro a la Plaza. Los trabajadores furiosos se dirigieron al Ministerio de Marina y lo atacaron a pedradas. Desde dentro, los rebeldes atrincherados les respondieron a los tiros. Seguía incrementándose la lista de bajas. La multitud vociferaba. En el Ministerio, los líderes rebeldes estaban sentados en el suelo: no quedaban ventanas con vidrios. Olivieri le preguntó a uno de sus asistentes qué gritaba la gente. «La vida por Perón», le contestaron. Olivieri, el que había iniciado el día mostrándose prescindente, el hombre de confianza del Presidente en la marina, contestó: «Vamos a darles el gusto». Las ráfagas de ametralladora arreciaron. La gente corría despavorida. Muchos cayeron. Una épica de los últimos instantes: Tratado de adioses. Epitafios. Estertores. Suspiros. Gestos postreros y palabras, Matías Bauso, p. 122, Grupo Editorial Argentina, 2012
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indicaban que las fuerzas leales se hallaban cercando el reducto de los insurgentes en el
Ministerio de Marina y que hasta las últimas habrían enarbolado bandera blanca de rendición, a la hora 15.00 sorpresivamente aparecen nuevos aviones que bombardean la Casa del Gobierno e inmediaciones, para luego ametrallar la misma zona en distintas evoluciones, causando gran cantidad de víctimas personales y graves daños materiales. Diseminados quedaron numerosos cadáveres de civiles, quienes encontraron la muerte mientras intentaban buscar refugio en los edificios contra las bombas y metralla. Los aviones se alejan, siempre ametrallando en picada, suponiéndose que volverían luego de reabastecerse de proyectiles.
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isolationism, with an emphasis on
Argentine self-sufficiency. Increased fiscal spending caused a drop in cash holdings and foreign earnings. Problems during his second tenure included rising inflation, a stagnant economy, and labor strikes, mostly in support of higher wages. His leadership style also drew heavy criticism from academics, clerics, and other elements of the international community for embracing censorship and cracking down on freedom of expression. The death of his second wife, first lady
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constitutional government. Moreover, union officials were already mobilizing workers from factories around Buenos Aires towards the city center. Perón ordered his adjutant, Major Jose
Ignacio Cialceta, to inform Di Pietro that a clash strictly between soldiers was taking place and therefore civilians were not to gather in Plaza de Mayo. Historian Joseph Page claimed, citing a US Embassy report, that this order was not given until 16:00.
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1033:«Los ataques de los aviones produjeron numerosos daños en los edificios, resultando gran cantidad de muertos y heridos entre los transeúntes y ocupantes de automóviles particulares y de transporte colectivo de pasajeros, especialmente en la esquina de Paseo Colón e Hipólito Yrigoyen y frente al Ministerio de Hacienda.» Police report dated 22 June 1955 and relayed by commissioner Rafael C. Pugliese to President Juan Domingo Perón.
515:
15:17, after two telephone conversations between
Olivieri and Lucero, the rebels waved a white flag from the Ministry of the Navy. However, when generals Carlos Wirth and Juan José Valle arrived in a jeep to discuss the terms of surrender, the second wave of air attacks began. The explosions destroyed two floors of the south wing of the Ministry of War, killing a soldier and a general. At the same time, an
25:
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According to police commissioner Rafael C. Pugliese, a police observation reported at 14:00, large numbers of civilians arrived in trucks to defend the
Presidential Palace and gathered in the Paseo Colón and Belgrano pedestrian walkways around it, before being caught out in the open when the main air
391:
had enacted many reformative policies that considerably changed
Argentina, including embracing industrialization, nationalizing railroads, financing public works, and instituting material benefits for labor, such as higher wages. By 1955, he had spent nine years in power. His first term was marked by
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A la hora 14.10 se recibe comunicación telefónica del personal de observación, de que en Paseo Colón y
Belgrano se iba reuniendo numerosos civiles, que llegaban en camiones principalmente, advirtiéndose densa humareda en las inmediaciones de la Casa del Gobierno... Cuando las informaciones generales
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Di Pietro, Secretario
General de la CGT, convocó a los trabajadores a defender el gobierno. Los citó en la Plaza de Mayo. Lo hizo por radio, por cadena nacional. Unos minutos antes, los rebeldes habían tomado Radio Mitre. Desde allí emitieron una proclama en la que, entre otras cosas, decían que «el
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In the meantime, Morón Air Base along with the loyal pilots were captured by anti - Peronist forces. Their
Meteors were seized and pressed into service by the rebels, participating in strafing sorties until the final surrender. With the coup on the verge of failure, naval warplanes launched a second
703:
in the Official Police Report put the official death toll at 136 after collating the number of identified as well as unidentified bodies in the morgues of various hospitals in Buenos Aires. The various medical centres that received victims and helped in identification and counting the deaths were:
593:
At 03:00 on 17 June, Olivieri, Toranzo Calderón, and Gargiulo, the three top leaders of the failed coup, were informed they were to be tried under martial law and were each offered a pistol to end their lives, which Olivieri and Toranzo Calderón declined. Gargiulo, however, accepted the offer and
707:
Of the 136 killed according to Pugliese's report, five were police officers: Senior Officer Alfredo Aulicino (head of the Personnel Section of the Communications Directorate), Sub-Inspector Rodolfo Nieto (1st Political Order Section), Agent José María Bacalja (1st Mechanical Workshop and Garage
522:
Simultaneously, civilian commandos under Zavala Ortiz's orders began clashing with the police and sniping from the roofs of various buildings. Throughout the afternoon, rebel reinforcements coming from the Central Post building unsuccessfully tried to break the siege on the Ministry of the Navy
514:
The marines retreated in disarray towards the Ministry of the Navy, where they would remain under siege from loyal Army units until the end of hostilities that evening. Lucero ordered the use of heavy machine guns against the rebels, and 81mm mortars were brought in to reinforce the assault. At
490:
At 13:12, union leader Héctor Hugo Di Pietro, acting head of the CGT due to the absence of its Secretary-General, spoke on national broadcasting, calling all workers in the Federal District and Greater Buenos Aires to concentrate immediately around the CGT building, in order to defend the
704:
Public Assistance (62 dead), Argerich (45 dead), Rawson (3 dead), Clínicas (7 dead), Ramos Mejía (7 dead), Alemán (2 dead), Fernandez (3 dead), Policlínico del Ministerio de Hacienda (3 dead), Policlínico Militar (2 dead), Policlínico Rivadavia (1 dead) and Morgue Judicial (1 dead).
506:
The rebel ground offensive began to wane around 15:00, as the marines surrounding the Casa Rosada's northern façade came under fire from army artillery units positioned in a building located at the intersection of Leandro N. Alem and Viamonte streets. Olivieri contacted the
454:
The attack was carried out in the crowded city center on Thursday, during working hours. Without warning, the attack led to many civilian casualties. Those commuting on public transport were among the first recorded victims. As the first bomb fell on a
498:
fighters suddenly arrived to bomb and strafe the large crowds of Peronist supporters exiting the central subway and gathering in the nearby streets and the immediate vicinity of the Presidential Palace, killing and wounding hundreds in the process.
470:
Meanwhile, two companies of the rebel 4th Marine Infantry Battalion marched on the Casa Rosada, intending to capture it. One was deployed 40 meters from the northern façade while the other took position in the
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from within the Casa Rosada and by Army troops marching from the sector of the Ministry of Finance, under the command of General Lucero. The defense of the Casa Rosada consisted of a mere two 12.7mm
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were dropped, killing between 150 and 364 people, mostly civilians, and injuring over 800. Nine members of the Mounted Grenadiers Presidential Guard and five police officers were killed in action.
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attack on the seat of government. Having run out of ordnance, one pilot dropped his auxiliary fuel tank as an ersatz incendiary bomb, which fell on the cars in a parking lot near the Casa Rosada.
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procession. The military reacted as a result of growing tension between Perón and his actions against the Roman Catholic Church. The action was to be the first step in an eventually aborted
590:, having exhausted all its fuel during the attacks. The pilot was rescued by a local resident. The pilots were interned by the Uruguayan government until the fall of Perón in September.
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incident, the besieged rebels finally opted for handing over the Ministry of the Navy to the Army units posted outside. Fire ceased at 17:20 local time. Between 9.5 and 13.8 tonnes of
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Bombas sobre Buenos Aires: Gestación y desarollo del bombardeo aéreo sobre la Plaza de Mayo del 16 de junio de 1955, Daniel E. Cichero, p. 163, Vergara Grupo Zeta, 2005.
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Consequently, the bulk of the civilian casualties occurred when large numbers of mobilized workers arrived in Plaza de Mayo to defend the presidency of Juan Perón.
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Section), Agent Ramón Alderete (Traffic Police Corps) and retired agent César Augusto Puchulu. The rebel and loyal military suffered a combined 44 casualties.
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Air Base to intercept rebel fighters. Heated discussions took place among the pilots over the possibility of whether to join the coup or not. A squad of loyal
503:
attacks took place at 15:00. The Gloster Meteors then bombed the survivors as they pulled up from their final dive bombing attacks and headed back to base.
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Alfredo Aulicino, Rodolfo Nieto, José María Bacalja, Ramón Alderete and César Augusto Puchulu, according to p. 4 of the Clarín newspaper from 18 June 1955.
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670:. He would later claim that the naval aviation's target was the Presidential Palace but that an aircraft missed, causing about 20 civilian deaths.
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about the background of the event – why were members of the military rebelling? The flag-burning incident could use more explanation as well.
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magazine claimed that once the fighting had ended near Plaza de Mayo, there were around five hundred people either dead or heavily injured
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543:, scoring the first air-to-air kill of the Argentine Air Force. Another rebel warplane was downed by ground fire from hastily mounted
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637:. The Peronist party was not allowed to stand for election, but Frondizi's victory was aided by a pact between himself and Perón.
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parking lot, between Colón Park and the Central Post Office, 100m from the rear. However, they were pushed back by members of the
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648:
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Informe Policial, fechado el 22 de junio de 1955 y remitido por el comisario Rafael C. Pugliese al Presidente Juan Domingo Perón
1103:"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1977–1980, Volume XXIV, South America; Latin America Region – Office of the Historian"
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The heavy loss of civilian lives and the violence with which the act was carried out has prompted comparisons with the wave of
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machine guns placed on the roof, while defenders on the lower floors only had access to small arms, including bolt-action
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Bullet and shrapnel marks remained visible on some buildings on the south side of the square as of 2023.
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to request reinforcements, however, it was already surrounded by elements of the 1st Infantry Regiment.
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987:"General Juan Peron - The Famous Argentine President who had 18 years between his two Presidencies"
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348:. The strike took place during a day of official public demonstrations to condemn the burning of a
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1299:"16 de junio de 1955-2014 Malditos los que bombardearon impunemente la Plaza de Mayo hace 59 años"
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360:. The number of identified bodies was put at 308, including six children, making it the deadliest
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1274:"Catolicos Alerta |Denuncia herejas de la iglesia conciliar|Sito Catolico|la sede esta vacante"
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443:. Perón had been warned of the movements beforehand by General Franklin Lucero, Minister of War
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History is Now Magazine, Podcasts, Blog and Books | Modern International and American history
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Faced with the failure of the intended coup, the rebel pilots received orders to head toward
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Bombas sobre Buenos Aires. Gestación y desarrollo del bombardeo aéreo sobre Plaza de Mayo
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913:"El mayor atentado terrorista | El bombardeo a la Plaza de Mayo del 16 de junio de 1955"
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As ground combat raged in the center of Buenos Aires, loyal forces were dispatched from
344:, the seat of government, while a large crowd demonstrated in support of the president,
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Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the
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1955 failed military coup and attack of a pro-Perón rally in Buenos Aires, Argentina
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1363:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Secretaría de Derechos Humanos de la Nación Argentina.
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900:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Secretaría de Derechos Humanos de la Nación Argentina.
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That same night, Peronist crowds burnt eight churches, two basilicas, and the
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rifles. Loyal troops were accompanied by Peronist civilians who took up arms.
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Peronist sources claim around 400 were killed. In 1965, a journalist from
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308 civilians killed and an additional number that could not be identified
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Shrapnel-ridden outer wall of the Ministry of Economy, pictured in 2009
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1056:"Bombardeo del '55: testimonios de los que defendieron la Casa Rosada"
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9 grenadiers, 5 policemen, 2 soldiers and an armed Peronist civilian.
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In September of that year, the bulk of the armed forces joined in a
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took off and one of them shot down a rebel Navy AT-6 Texan over the
396:, in July 1952 had diminished his popular appeal and party support.
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office in revenge for the Catholic Church's support to the coup.
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fired on the second floor, causing a fire in the admirals' room.
24:
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Attacks on government buildings and structures in South America
352:
allegedly carried out by detractors of Perón during the recent
586:. One Gloster Meteor crash-landed in the Río de la Plata off
963:"Juan Peron | Rise to Power, Wife, & Death | Britannica"
578:. At least 32 civilian and military aircraft headed towards
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Lucero had advised Perón to retreat into a bunker under the
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in Argentine history. Some victims could not be identified.
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that lasted until the 1958 presidential elections, won by
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625:, which overthrew President Perón and started a military
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938:"Celebran resarcimiento a sobrevivientes del bombardeo"
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One of the naval pilots who took part in the bombings,
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1181:"Uruguay: el pacto que salvó a los aviadores prófugos"
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459:packed with children, it killed everyone on board.
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Peronist militants and loyal Argentine Armed Forces
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1217:Luna, Félix (1995). "La Propuesta Desarrollista".
730:, a similar failed coup attempt that preceded the
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1547:Attacks on buildings and structures in Argentina
1542:Attacks on buildings and structures in the 1950s
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839:"Recuperar la historia, a 60 años del bombardeo"
695:Monument to the victims of Plaza de Mayo Bombing
662:, was promoted and was second-in-command of the
420:On 16 June 1955, at 12:40 pm, a force of thirty
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559:After heavy urban fighting, which included a
940:(in Spanish). Parlamentario. 5 December 2008
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328:, on 16 June 1955. Thirty aircraft from the
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594:committed suicide in his office at 05:45.
153:Anti-Peronist elements of the Armed Forces
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1512:20th-century mass murder in South America
1221:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Hyspamerica.
1081:56 years Bombardment in the Plaza de Mayo
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813:(in Spanish). El Ortiba. Archived from
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1058:. Puntal. 18 June 2012. Archived from
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509:Higher School of Mechanics of the Navy
405:Bombing, strafing, and ground fighting
73:Civilian casualties after the massacre
1320:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Vergara.
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1462:1950s coups d'état and coup attempts
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340:. The attack targeted the adjacent
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1492:June 1955 events in South America
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1357:Bombardeo del 16 de junio de 1955
1011:"Juan Perón elected in Argentina"
894:Bombardeo del 16 de junio de 1955
1532:Massacres committed by Argentina
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385:1946 Argentine general election
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811:"El bombardeo a Plaza de Mayo"
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718:List of massacres in Argentina
699:On 22 June 1955, commissioner
477:Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers
227:Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers
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1379:El bombardeo de Plaza de Mayo
1335:Moreno, Isidoro Ruiz (2013).
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1457:Attempted coups in Argentina
1276:(in Spanish). Archived from
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424:airplanes, consisting of 22
250:4th Naval Infantry Battalion
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1243:"Testimonios del Bombardeo"
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122:Victory Government Peronist
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1522:Bus incidents in Argentina
845:(in Spanish). 14 June 2015
782:(in Spanish). Nac&Pop.
640:One of the rebel leaders,
1354:Portugheis, Elsa (2010).
1179:Clarín.com (2005-06-17).
891:Portugheis, Elsa (2010).
666:during the presidency of
645:Miguel Ángel Zavala Ortiz
434:Consolidated PBY Catalina
383:After his victory in the
373:dictatorship of 1976–1983
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1339:(in Spanish). Claridad.
1316:Cichero, Daniel (2005).
1272:catolicosalerta.com.ar.
1219:Historia de la Argentina
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732:1973 Chilean coup d'etat
473:Automóvil Club Argentino
422:Argentine Naval Aviation
314:bombing of Plaza de Mayo
274:Armed Peronist civilians
245:Argentine Naval Aviation
62:Bombing of Plaza de Mayo
866:, 18 June 1955. Page 4.
545:anti-aircraft batteries
466:General Franklin Lucero
198:Samuel Toranzo Calderón
1482:Massacres in Argentina
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623:Revolución Libertadora
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265:330 Mounted Grenadiers
158:Commanders and leaders
34:is missing information
1487:1950s in Buenos Aires
1452:Crime in Buenos Aires
1423:34.60833°S 58.37194°W
1394:. Ediciones Colihue.
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555:Retreat and surrender
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299:44 killed and wounded
289:Casualties and losses
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1337:La Revolución del 55
301:3 aircraft shot down
1527:1955 road incidents
1507:20th-century sieges
1467:Mass murder in 1955
1419: /
1207:, pp. 280–282.
660:Máximo Rivero Kelly
449:Libertador Building
426:North American AT-6
336:bombed and strafed
254:Argentine Air Force
240:Argentine Air Force
230:Motorized Garrison
108:decapitation strike
1502:Explosions in 1955
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967:www.britannica.com
701:Rafael C. Pugliese
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283:civilian commandos
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1472:Conflicts in 1955
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1310:Bibliography
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1282:. Retrieved
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387:, President
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322:Buenos Aires
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237:3rd Regiment
235:1st Regiment
232:Buenos Aires
231:
131:Belligerents
85:16 June 1955
45:
33:
1426: /
1205:Moreno 2013
1149:Moreno 2013
1043:Moreno 2013
619:coup d'état
485:Mauser 1909
481:Browning M2
371:during the
358:coup d'état
342:Casa Rosada
277:700 marines
112:coup d'état
1441:Categories
1414:58°22′19″W
1411:34°36′30″S
1284:2023-06-01
1253:2014-12-13
1191:2023-06-23
1112:2022-04-25
1066:25 October
1020:2023-01-17
996:2023-01-17
972:2023-01-17
923:2024-09-02
849:30 October
821:2009-01-27
758:References
728:Tanquetazo
677:Casualties
523:building.
517:M4 Sherman
457:trolleybus
400:The attack
379:Background
346:Juan Perón
296:55 wounded
267:4 aircraft
171:Juan Perón
655:in 1963.
598:Aftermath
394:Eva Perón
334:Air Force
326:Argentina
294:17 killed
48:June 2018
40:talk page
1390:(2005).
1084:Archived
917:PAGINA12
843:InfoNews
712:See also
574:to seek
565:ordnance
318:massacre
260:Strength
90:Location
1015:HISTORY
642:radical
633:of the
588:Carmelo
584:Colonia
572:Uruguay
428:, five
416:in 2019
114:attempt
106:Failed
1398:
1343:
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1185:Clarín
944:23 May
864:Clarín
576:asylum
316:was a
119:Result
103:Action
1392:Perón
1361:(PDF)
898:(PDF)
738:Notes
683:Extra
612:Curia
533:Morón
389:Perón
1396:ISBN
1341:ISBN
1322:ISBN
1223:ISBN
1068:2015
946:2015
851:2015
635:UCRI
332:and
312:The
110:and
82:Date
320:in
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