264:, J. C. Maitra, suggested the Quadrangular be replaced with a geographic-zone-based tournament, to remove the racial and religious overtones. A newspaper correspondent argued an opposite case, for expansion into a Pentangular, with a team for Indian Christians. The public however clamoured for the traditional format and these suggestions were ignored.
209:. Gandhi, who had himself played cricket as a schoolboy, was not against having a cricket tournament, but was opposed to having teams formed on the basis of their religion. In 1940 he is known to have asked the "sporting public of Bombay to revise their sporting code and to erase from it communal matches."
216:
visited Bombay during it. His arrival sparked three days of political rioting in Bombay, but did not disrupt the tournament. After the riots had ended, he attended the first day of the final, accepting cheers from a pro-European crowd, who eventually witnessed the Parsis prevail over the Bombay
139:
differences between the clubs led the Parsis to decline. The Bombay
Gymkhana stepped in and accepted the challenge, leading to the first Europeans versus Hindus match, played that February. The Hindu side ended up recording a stunning 110-run victory over the Europeans. The Hindus boasted
300:
implicit in the makeup of the teams. This was exacerbated by the growing political movement for Indian independence, which wished to foster unity amongst
Indians as opposed to competition. Eventually, amidst a backdrop of rioting and political unrest across India, the newly formed
189:
for the first time. Up to this season, a
European umpire appointed by the Bombay Gymkhana had always officiated, but from now on the umpires for any match would be supplied by the non-competing teams. This was one of the first uses of neutral umpires in world cricket.
163:
The next year, 1907, saw the first
Triangular tournament featuring teams from the Bombay and Hindu Gymkhanas as well as the Zoroastrian Cricket Club. From 1907 to 1911 the tournament was played in September, with the Parsis winning three times and the Europeans twice.
259:
and the arrests of 60,000 Indians. Amidst this political turmoil, the
Quadrangular tournament was cancelled. It was not held again until 1934, when the cricket-starved public enthusiastically supported its reinstatement. In 1935, the sports editor of the nationalist
104:
on the field, rendering much of it useless for cricket because of the large divots left by the horses, while sparing their own
European-only cricket ground. With this dispute settled in favour of the natives, the Europeans versus Parsis matches resumed in 1884.
95:
lead. The
Gymkhana recovered, but the match was drawn with the sides evenly poised. The challenge was played again in 1878 and looked set to become an annual event, but racial discontent intervened. From 1879 to 1883, the Parsis and
90:
Cricket Club. The first such game was played in 1877, when the Bombay
Gymkhana accepted a request for a two-day match from the Parsis. The game was played in good spirit, with the Parsis surprising the Europeans by taking a first
288:
appeared for them including at least one Hindu. The first
Pentangular, however, was played between just four teams, as the Hindus withdrew in protest over not being allocated what they considered a fair share of seats in the new
122:
By 1900, the
Presidency Match – as the Europeans versus Parsis game had come to be called – was the highlight of the Bombay cricket season. In the 19 matches to this year, the teams had won eight each and drawn three.
842:
184:
season rained out four of the six finals played up until 1916. In 1917, the Quadrangular was moved to November/December to avoid such problems. Another change for the 1917 tournament was the use of neutral
156:, a batsman, would go on to captain the Hindus in 1923, following a campaign to accord recognition to the Palwankar brothers in the wake of the anti-casteism advocated during the
248:, and withdrew their invitation. With the Europeans not accepting Indians, and the Hindus not accepting Christians, Kanickam had no way of playing in the tournament.
224:, making the Bombay Quadrangular the biggest and most influential cricket tournament in India. It also inspired other local competitions, including a Triangular in
100:
of Bombay were locked in a struggle against the governing Europeans over the use of the playing fields known as the Bombay Maidan. Gymkhana members would play
193:
The Quadrangular became more popular than its predecessor, and for many years formed the highlight of the Bombay year. This was against the backdrop of
131:
While the Europeans and Parsis were regularly playing against each other, the Hindu Gymkhana had been amassing its own quality players. In 1906, the
152:
caste to make an impact in an Indian sporting arena. He was not allowed the captaincy of the team because of his caste, but his younger brother
984:
236:, that led to the rapid development of cricket throughout the region. Although the Quadrangular partly quelled discrimination on racial or
176:
of the Mohammedan Gymkhana were invited to the now famous Bombay tournament, making it a Quadrangular. The tournament was held throughout
868:
947:
1004:
201:. Gandhi and his followers were critical of the Quadrangular, seeing the tournament as having the effect of quelling opposition to
108:
The 1889 game was memorable as a thrilling victory to the Parsis, with the Gymkhana being set a target of 53 to win: Parsi captain
788:
761:
815:
999:
825:
798:
771:
302:
240:
lines, the question of religion came up in 1924. The Hindu Gymkhana initially extended an invitation to P. A. Kanickam of
119:
status: the match that began at Bombay Gymkhana on 26 August 1892 is considered the earliest first-class match in India.
17:
305:
announced in 1946 that the Pentangular tournament was being abandoned, and being replaced by a zonal competition. The
961:
213:
115:
well to help dismiss the Europeans for 50, giving the Parsis a two-run victory. Matches from 1892–93 are given
66:
Match, Bombay Triangular, Bombay Quadrangular, and Bombay Pentangular, depending on the number of competing teams.
273:
894:
157:
309:, in which regional teams from all over India compete, became the pre-eminent Indian cricket competition.
994:
989:
843:"India's first Dalit cricketer Palwankar Baloo fought against caste barriers on the field and off it"
198:
297:
136:
62:
in Bombay until the tournament was terminated in 1946. The tournament was known variously as the
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557:
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8:
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132:
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97:
296:
From 1938, the Pentangular attracted growing criticism as being divisive because of the
888:
256:
205:
by ensuring continued support toward Britain's presence and cultural influence on the
957:
953:
821:
794:
767:
290:
112:
63:
59:
943:
186:
153:
923:
Story of the Bombay Tournament, from Presidency to Pentangular, 1892–93 to 1945–46
733:
Story of the Bombay Tournament, from Presidency to Pentangular, 1892–93 to 1945–46
252:
141:
79:
244:
to play for them. Later they discovered that the player was not a Hindu, but a
194:
978:
936:
39:
911:
306:
145:
83:
202:
177:
87:
928:
245:
109:
220:
By the 1920s, the Gymkhanas were recruiting players from all over the
285:
241:
74:
The tournament had its origins in an annual match played between the
42:
between 1892 and 1946. Until 1936, matches were played on either the
277:
949:
A Corner of a Foreign Field – An Indian History of a British Sport
233:
181:
173:
92:
35:
229:
225:
149:
75:
47:
237:
55:
284:, and Indian Christians. On the odd occasion, players from
101:
281:
763:
Cricket Country: An Indian Odyssey in the Age of Empire
212:
The 1921 tournament attracted particular attention, as
251:
In 1930, Gandhi's campaign reached a climax with the
942:
976:
866:
875:. Archived from the original on 11 October 2006
276:, was admitted to the tournament. It comprised
475:
653:
840:
438:
317:
735:. Vasant Raiji and Mohandas Menon. (2006).
135:challenged the Parsis to a match, but the
144:, who is regarded as India's first great
148:, and perhaps the first person from the
759:
272:Finally, in 1937, a fifth team, called
14:
977:
867:Ramachandra Guha (30 September 2001).
167:
27:Indian cricket competition (1892–1946)
925:, Ernest Publications (Mumbai), 2006.
813:
786:
312:
303:Board of Control for Cricket in India
267:
180:, but poor weather at the end of the
985:Indian domestic cricket competitions
744:
126:
745:Kazi, Abid Ali (24 December 2015).
69:
24:
841:Dhrubo Jyoti (16 September 2018).
787:Rajan, Vithal (12 December 2011).
25:
1016:
921:Vasant Raiji and Mohandas Menon,
817:Cultural History of Modern India
747:"History of First Class Cricket"
1005:1946 disestablishments in India
860:
834:
807:
780:
753:
738:
726:
13:
1:
714:
1000:1892 establishments in India
158:Indian Independence Movement
7:
933:A History of Indian Cricket
766:. Oxford University Press.
476:Bombay Quadrangular winners
10:
1021:
905:
760:Kidambi, Prashant (2019).
654:Bombay Pentangular winners
893:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
439:Bombay Triangular winners
318:Bombay Presidency winners
814:Menon, Dilip M. (2006).
719:
793:. Random House India.
52:Deccan Gymkhana Ground
970:on 29 September 2020.
916:India's Hambledon Men
228:and Quadrangulars in
203:British colonial rule
197:'s campaigns for the
869:"Gandhi and cricket"
38:competition held in
918:, Tyeby Press, 1986
222:Indian subcontinent
214:the Prince of Wales
207:Indian subcontinent
168:Bombay Quadrangular
18:Bombay Quadrangular
946:(September 2014).
820:. Berghahn Books.
373:1899-1900 –
313:Tournament winners
268:Bombay Pentangular
257:civil disobedience
195:Mohandas K. Gandhi
58:, and then at the
995:History of Mumbai
990:Cricket in Mumbai
944:Guha, Ramachandra
827:978-81-87358-25-1
800:978-81-8400-250-8
790:Holmes of the Raj
773:978-0-19-884313-9
291:Brabourne Stadium
127:Bombay Triangular
64:Bombay Presidency
60:Brabourne Stadium
32:Bombay Tournament
16:(Redirected from
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966:. Archived from
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533:1918-19 –
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513:1916-17 –
507:1915-16 –
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487:1913-14 –
481:1912-13 –
468:1911-12 –
462:1910-11 –
456:1909-10 –
450:1908-09 –
444:1907-08 –
431:1906-07 –
421:1905-06 –
415:1904-05 –
409:1903-04 –
399:1902-03 –
389:1901-02 –
383:1900-01 –
367:1898-99 –
361:1897-98 –
355:1896-97 –
345:1895-96 –
335:1894-95 –
329:1893-94 –
323:1892-93 –
262:Bombay Chronicle
199:Indian home rule
154:Palwankar Vithal
70:Presidency Match
21:
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956:. p. 568.
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847:Hindustan Times
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253:Salt Satyagraha
170:
142:Palwankar Baloo
129:
80:Bombay Gymkhana
78:members of the
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44:Gymkhana Ground
28:
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691:not contested
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639:
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630:not contested
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624:not contested
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618:not contested
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612:not contested
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172:In 1912, the
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45:
41:
40:British India
37:
33:
19:
968:the original
948:
932:
922:
915:
912:Vasant Raiji
877:. Retrieved
872:
862:
850:. Retrieved
846:
836:
816:
809:
789:
782:
762:
755:
740:
732:
728:
690:
629:
623:
617:
611:
527:shared with
517:shared with
501:shared with
491:shared with
425:shared with
403:shared with
393:shared with
377:shared with
349:shared with
339:shared with
307:Ranji Trophy
295:
271:
261:
255:, provoking
250:
219:
211:
192:
171:
162:
130:
121:
107:
73:
31:
29:
298:communalism
178:World War I
146:spin bowler
117:first-class
88:Zoroastrian
979:Categories
929:Mihir Bose
879:25 October
715:References
217:Gymkhana.
110:M.E. Pavri
889:cite news
873:The Hindu
852:9 October
594:Europeans
558:Europeans
535:Europeans
515:Europeans
509:Europeans
401:Europeans
391:Europeans
375:Europeans
369:Europeans
357:Europeans
347:Europeans
337:Europeans
331:Europeans
278:Buddhists
246:Christian
242:Bangalore
274:The Rest
137:communal
82:and the
76:European
954:Picador
906:Sources
703:Muslims
679:Muslims
667:Muslims
661:Muslims
642:Muslims
636:Muslims
600:Parsees
576:Muslims
564:Parsees
551:Parsees
529:Parsees
519:Parsees
503:Parsees
493:Muslims
483:Parsees
427:Parsees
417:Parsees
411:Parsees
405:Parsees
395:Parsees
385:Parsees
379:Parsees
363:Parsees
351:Parsees
341:Parsees
325:Parsees
234:Karachi
187:umpires
182:monsoon
174:Muslims
93:innings
86:of the
50:or the
36:cricket
960:
939:, 1990
824:
797:
770:
709:Hindus
697:Hindus
685:Hindus
673:Hindus
648:Hindus
606:Hindus
588:Hindus
582:Hindus
570:Hindus
553:shared
547:Hindus
541:Hindus
525:Hindus
499:Hindus
489:Hindus
470:Hindus
464:Hindus
458:Hindus
452:Hindus
446:Hindus
433:Hindus
423:Hindus
286:Ceylon
230:Nagpur
226:Lahore
150:Chamar
133:Hindus
113:bowled
98:Hindus
84:Parsis
48:Bombay
720:Notes
238:caste
56:Poona
958:ISBN
895:link
881:2006
854:2021
822:ISBN
795:ISBN
768:ISBN
549:and
282:Jews
232:and
102:polo
30:The
54:in
46:in
981::
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914:,
891:}}
887:{{
871:.
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856:.
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749:.
20:)
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