329:
981:
relationship between the federal center and municipalities enabled a direct relationship between citizens and the government. The hardening budget constraints put in place by
Cardoso's administration to stabilize macroeconomic performance gave municipalities an incentive to collaborate with the central government. Their collaboration helps them meet their required percent that they are legally required to spend on social assistance. Municipalities that adhere to the program sign a covenant with the federal government, which guarantees the program's promotion and availability of public services.
336:
1075:"This concept has always been controversial in Brazil. In other countries it is not this way, but in Brazil there has always been resistance. When I was in college they (the opponents to the concept of money transfers) used to say: 'the first thing the poor will do with the money is to get themselves drunk'. Later on, it was no longer getting drunk that people talked about; they would say the money transferred would be used by the poor to buy a battery radio. They assumed that people with less education would not use their money wisely."
945:
1197:, inaugurated in June 2005, collaborates with the Bolsa Familia program, consolidating the various income transfer programs - previously dispersed - reducing their failures and duplication of coverage, strengthening the Scholarship management system To the family and identifying its target audience, as well as developing and monitoring a scientific method to evaluate the effects of the program, and strengthening the basic institutional aspects of its administration.
615:
3783:
39:
848:
1085:
money, families would get together to do house-raising, each month on somebody's house. Or families would save for months, to be able to buy a popcorn wagon for a youth who now had to start working. At the same time other programs, which provided food, failed because they did not take into account regional habits. Here in São Paulo, for instance, the
Federal Government distributed tons of black beans, which are only eaten in Rio. People threw it away.
676:
1116:), when asked in an interview if she agreed that Bolsa Família is just a form of charity, answered as follows: "I travel a lot around Brazil and see many places where the average monthly income is BRL 50 (approximately US$ 26.32). In these places the Bolsa Familia comes in and adds an extra BRL 58. It makes all the difference in the world and adds a lot for the needy population. What is more important is that it promotes a
401:
1213:
627:
603:
591:
707:
3793:
832:
721:
998:, using sophisticated statistical methods, inferred that 87% of the money is used, by families living in rural areas, to buy food. Data from 2014 to 2015 showed that 3.8% of the population (7.6 million people) still earns less than US$ 1 a day, and this is linked to malnutrition, that is still a problem in Brazil and responsible by 4.3 deaths per 100,000 people per year.
909:(poverty line, ~US$ 28) a monthly stipend of $ 32 BRL (~US$ 6) per vaccinated child (< 16 years old) attending school (up to 5), and $ 38 BRL (~US$ 8) per youth (16 or 17 years old) attending school (up to 2). Furthermore, to families whose per-capita monthly income below $ 70 BRL (extreme poverty line, ~US$ 14), the program gives the Basic Benefit $ 70 BRL per month.
868:
Cardoso social program called "Rede de Proteção Social". This also meant the creation of a new
Ministry – the Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome (Ministry for Social Development and Confronting Hunger). This merger reduced administrative costs and also eased bureaucratic complexity for both the families involved and the administration of the program.
965:
central government. This is allowed because of a weak, fragmented, institutionalized party system. Fragmentation makes it difficult for a non-consensual form to reach the central level, creating a policy challenge for national leaders. Fragmentation also makes it difficult for national leaders to reach a consensus when creating policies.
1201:
the Bolsa Família will have to face in the future, such as clear definition of objectives, monitoring and evaluation, to ensure that the program does not become an isolated island ", but is complemented by investments in education, health and infrastructure, helping families, in their words" to graduate "(i.e., to leave) of the program.
977:
governors demonstrates that federalism in Brazil is a three-level game. In addition, state brokers cannot claim credit because it cuts out the intermediaries. Bolsa Família resolved intra-bureaucratic chaos by creating one program controlled by the national executive branch. It reduced administrative costs and facilitated user access.
823:, formally ending Bolsa Família. However, after Lula's reelection as president of Brazil in 2022, he declared that he would rename the program back to Bolsa Família, putting an end to Auxílio Brasil. In 2023, the second version of the program is launched with the promise of financial transfers of at least 600 Brazilian Real.
1184:
According to a 2023 study, 64% of the poor kids and teens (7 to 16 year-old) who were enrolled in Bolsa
Familia back in 2005 had already left the family cash transfer program by 2019, contradicting previous criticism that the program's recipients would intentionally fail to find jobs in order to keep
1176:
One positive effect of the program which is not immediately apparent is that it makes a significant impact on the ability of the poorest families to eat. Children in public schools receive one free meal a day—two in the poorest areas—so less of their family's limited income is needed to pay for food.
976:
As a redistributive program, Bolsa
Familia depends on central-local collaboration. Municipal governments act as the main agents of the federal government. Bolsa Família avoids negotiations between the executive and legislative branches. The central government's ability to bypass twenty-seven powerful
1200:
The World Bank studies reveal that, although the program is very new, positive measurable results have already been recorded in the consumption of food, in the quality of the diet and in the growth of children. Kathy
Lindert, head of the Bolsa Familia project team, lists a series of challenges that
964:
Brazil has a strong federal system defined as the resource base of states, the power of governors, the articulation of subnational interests within the
Brazilian National Congress, and the distribution of government across three levels of government. Hence, state governors are able to constrain the
892:
are social policies currently employed in many places in the world to fight and reduce poverty. In the short term, the aim is to mitigate the problems resulting from poverty. In the long term, the goal is to invest in human capital and interrupt the transgenerational cycle of poverty (i.e. from one
1177:
In a survey of Bolsa
Familia recipients, 82.4% reported eating better; additionally, it was reported to increase the incomes of the poorer families by about 25%. Recipients of Bolsa Familia were found to have 6 percent higher food expenditure and 9.4% total energy availability than non-recipients.
984:
The federal center and municipalities’ abilities to collaborate with each other have facilitated Brazil's capability to build an effective welfare policy for the poor. The existence of a power sharing logic in Brazil enabled a widespread means tested social program that was able to achieve success
980:
Aside from the ability to bypass state involvement, there are additional enabling factors such as the interaction of a non-majoritarian system of government and fiscal incentives for central-local collaborations. Because of these factors, Bolsa Família helped reduce hunger and poverty. The dynamic
968:
Cash transfer programs had previously existed in the
Cardoso administration - Bolsa Escola, Bolsa Alimentação, Auxílio Gás. Most of these early programs faced internal organization challenges. Bolsa Escola was superior to other programs because it applied to all citizens and both supported and was
1493:
Family allowance - Brazil is renowned for its massive, nearly 2-decade-old cash-transfer program for the poor, Bolsa Família (often translated as "family allowance"). As of March, it reached 13.8 million families, paying an average of $ 34 per month. (The national minimum wage is about $ 190 per
1084:
Q. Does that resistance make sense? A: No. In the 1980s (São Paulo State) Governor Franco
Montoro had created a money transfer program to benefit families which were receiving their sons back home, coming out of "FEBEM" (the Brazilian punitive institution for minors). As it was very, very little
867:
federalized the program, increasing to attend approximately 8 million people. In 2003, Lula formed Bolsa Família by combining Bolsa Escola with Bolsa Alimentação and Cartão Alimentação and Auxílio Gas (a transfer to compensate for the end of federal gas subsidies), all part of Fernando Henrique
1180:
In 2018, it was found that an increase in the Bolsa Família coverage was associated with a reduction in suicide rates between 2004 and 2012 even when controlling for socio-economic, demographic and social welfare factors. It was also shown that the reduction in suicide rates increased when high
1091:
The Bolsa Família Program is far from being universally accepted by the Brazilian society. Among the various criticisms it receives, one of the most recurrent is the assertion that it could discourage the search for employment, encouraging laziness. Under this premise, many people would give up
972:
During Lula's first administration, his goal was to create a social program to replace the three previously existing programs of Cardoso's government. He unified all prior programs to create one and provided a monetary amount per month that would allow households to rise above the poverty line.
1145:
The World Bank, which provided a loan to assist the Brazilian government in managing the Bolsa Família Program, declares that "Although the program is relatively young, some results are already apparent: (...) contributions to improved education outcomes, and impacts on children’s growth, food
1010:
Brazil is already exporting this technology that it has developed for similar income transfer programs. In August 2007, it signed a technical cooperation agreement with the Dominican Republic. The partnership includes the Brazilian aid in the modernization of the system of registrations of the
1006:
A system of control and monitoring of the Bolsa Família Program was inaugurated in December 2006, which uses satellites and the internet via radio waves, which allows the exchange of data with the Municipalities of more remote locations, even in that there is no electricity or telephone.
2135:
1111:
Many Brazilians recognize that the Bolsa Família program has potential for reducing absolute poverty and to reduce inter-generational transmission of poverty. For one example among many, Renata de Camargo Nacimento (heir to the powerful, Brazilian multi-billionaire
1153:
found that over 80% of the Bolsa Familia benefits go to families in poverty (making under half the minimum wage per capita), thus most of the benefits go to the poor. Bolsa Familia was also found to have been responsible for about 20% of the drop in
2143:
3914:
1014:
The students' presence in classes is monitored bimonthly by the MEC and the Ministry of Social Development and Fight against Hunger (MDS). A family that fails to comply with five consecutive times has its benefit permanently canceled.
4168:
1060:
said, "Bolsa Familia has already become a highly praised model of effective social policy. Countries around the world are drawing lessons from Brazil’s experience and are trying to produce the same results for their own people."
932:, a long problem in Brazil, and helps to dissociate the receipt of money from individual politicians or political parties. The names of every person enlisted in the program and the amount given to them can be found online at the
3940:
1034:
The Bolsa Família was criticized by political opponents of President Lula for allegedly using the revenues of the CPMF tax (which was originally created under the pretext of financing the public health system during the
2327:
Alves, Flávia Jôse Oliveira; Machado, Daiane Borges; Barreto, Maurício L. (19 November 2018). "Effect of the Brazilian cash transfer programme on suicide rates: a longitudinal analysis of the Brazilian municipalities".
815:
In 2011, 26% of the Brazilian population were covered by the program. As of 2020, the program covered 13.8 million families and paid an average of $ 34 per month, in a country where the minimum wage is $ 190 per month.
798:
Bolsa Família has been mentioned as one factor contributing to the reduction of poverty in Brazil, which fell 27.7% during the first term in the administration of Lula. In 2006, the Center for Political Studies of the
875:
was announced, with the purpose of replacing Bolsa Família and unify other cash transfer programs in Brazil. The new program will pay $ 71 to 17 million families until the end of 2022. On 30 December 2021, president
3950:
1749:
1426:
993:
Surveys conducted by the Federal Government among Bolsa Família's beneficiaries indicate that the money is spent, in order of priority, on food; school supplies; clothing; and shoes. A study conducted by The
1128:
The program has clearly contributed to improvements in Brazil's fight against poverty, according to research promoted by some universities and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). An
803:
published a study showing that there was a sharp reduction in the number of people in poverty in Brazil between 2003 and 2005. Other factors included an improvement in the job market and real gains in the
210:
3281:
1039:
administration; the CPMF tax expired in December 2007, and was not renewed) for political and electoral purposes, to the detriment of the public health system that currently faces enormous difficulties.
893:
generation to another). Conditional cash transfer programs began to gain strength in 1997. At the time there were only three countries in the world with this experience: Bangladesh, Mexico and Brazil.
1120:. If there is more money in circulation, the local market heats up, the purchasing power is increased and the effects spread throughout the whole economy. But only to give money is not enough.(...)"
3909:
3829:
1259:
1629:
763:. If they exceeded the total of permitted school absences, they were dropped from the program and their funds were suspended. The program attempted to both reduce short-term poverty by direct
1933:
1096:, however, finds that the program does not discourage work, nor social advancement. To the contrary, says Bénédicte de la Brière, responsible for the program monitoring at the institution:
759:
network of federal assistance programs. Bolsa Família provided financial aid to poor Brazilian families. In order to be eligible, families had to ensure that children attend school and get
2525:, Ministry of Social Development and Hunger Eradication, Brazil. Istanbul, Turkey: Third International Conference on Conditional Cash Transfers, June 26, 2006 (Powerpoint summary of BFP)
1348:
3935:
3288:
1102:"Adult work is not impacted by income transfers. In some cases adults will even work harder because having this safety net encourages them to assume greater risks in their activities"'
4158:
3267:
3274:
812:, for comparison, had 17.5 million individual beneficiaries in 2018 (over 75% of its labour force of 23 million) receiving a total of over US$ 20 billion per annum in state aid.
2491:
3300:
2065:
Bourguignon, Francois; Ferreira, Francisco H. G.; Leite, Phillippe G. (1 October 2002). "Ex-Ante Evaluation of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs: The Case of Bolsa Escola".
367:
195:
4761:
3728:
3097:
3998:
1835:
1108:
Another criticism of the program is the fact that it is perceived by opponents of the currently ruling party as way to "buy" to votes of poor people, creating clientelism.
3822:
1576:
2566:
WORLD BANK. 2001a. Brazil: An Assessment of the Bolsa Escola Programs. Human Development Department, Latin America and Caribbean Region, The World Bank, Washington, DC.
1820:
4163:
3945:
3308:
2515:
3815:
781:
described Bolsa Família as an "anti-poverty scheme invented in Latin America is winning converts worldwide." The program was a centerpiece of former president
4080:
1113:
2553:
Evaluating the Impact of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs – Lessons from Latin America, Volume 1, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3119, August 2003
2108:
Evaluating the Impact of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs - Lessons from Latin America, Volume 1, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3119, August 2003
4125:
4115:
4100:
710:
3993:
4130:
4105:
4085:
2481:
4014:
1989:
4110:
2635:
1672:
In December, Bolsonaro secured congressional support to increase this amount to R$ 400 a month until the end of next year, two months after the election.
127:
4095:
4024:
3875:
3723:
3495:
1475:
360:
200:
122:
4203:
3865:
1777:
1423:
1330:
1150:
565:
1925:
1509:
1316:
2398:
1562:
1069:
Certain sectors of the Brazilian society, both among the conservatives and the progressives, oppose the concept of money transfers to the poor:
4713:
3981:
215:
2184:
1685:
4057:
3870:
1603:
1456:
168:
1791:
353:
341:
112:
4718:
4723:
3425:
3082:
1368:
1284:
3670:
2502:
2486:
1889:
775:. It also worked to give free education to children who couldn't afford to go to school, to show the importance of education. In 2008,
248:
155:
3500:
1138:
evaluation of Bolsa Escola found a significant increase in school attendance rates and decrease in the number of children involved in
4800:
4708:
1954:
4267:
2591:
1750:"The nuts and bolts of Brazil's bolsa familia program : implementing conditional cash transfers in a decentralized context"
2786:
2741:
575:
2520:
3107:
2507:
1536:
1443:
92:
82:
4805:
2561:
Limiting Child Labor Through Behavior-Based Income Transfers: An Experimental Evaluation of the PETI Program in Rural Brazil
2541:
2235:
Limiting Child Labor Through Behavior-Based Income Transfers: An Experimental Evaluation of the PETI Program in Rural Brazil
1052:
institutions to Bolsa Família has generally been enthusiastic. During a trip to Brazil in 2005, the former president of the
4196:
2776:
2665:
400:
293:
2247:
1710:
2884:
1971:
3796:
2270:"Impact of the Bolsa Família program on food availability of low-income Brazilian families: a quasi experimental study"
2055:, an Interview with Renata de Camargo Nascimento, São Paulo: Private Brokers, Year IV, Nr. 16, SEPT/OCT/NOV 2007, P. 41
1117:
924:, a government-owned savings bank (the second largest bank in the country). The money can be withdrawn in over 14,000
835:
The family of Selma Ferreira was the first recipient of Bolsa Escola, a precursor to Bolsa Família enacted by Governor
268:
190:
2544:
Conditional Cash Transfers: Why Have They Become So Prominent in Recent Poverty Reduction Strategies in Latin America.
555:
4693:
4418:
4383:
4050:
3612:
808:. About twelve million Brazilian families received funds from Bolsa Família. The government cash transfer program in
107:
77:
150:
4688:
4683:
4388:
3955:
2968:
2726:
995:
786:
657:
2550:
2105:
4703:
4698:
4318:
4189:
3460:
3418:
2660:
570:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
273:
205:
1424:
https://www.sassa.gov.za/Statistics/Documents/Fact%20Sheet%20-%20Issue%20No.14%20%E2%80%93%20February%202018.pdf
800:
4634:
3986:
3505:
3135:
2719:
238:
223:
3248:
1990:"News & Broadcast - Brazil's Bolsa Familia Program Celebrates Progress in Lifting Families out of Poverty"
724:
Former President Lula giving a speech to recipients of Bolsa Família and other federal assistance programs in
4675:
4328:
4277:
3665:
3335:
3330:
3243:
2925:
2620:
1857:
463:
243:
173:
17:
4043:
3702:
3619:
3195:
2983:
2832:
2625:
2185:
https://web.archive.org/web/20060709024441/http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/newsletters/WorkingPaper21.pdf
2024:
752:
228:
782:
54:
4650:
4398:
4227:
3971:
3733:
3660:
3543:
3533:
3528:
3072:
2879:
2852:
2842:
2827:
2746:
2584:
1384:
1159:
2220:
2036:
4303:
4272:
3786:
3602:
3553:
3442:
3411:
3190:
3020:
2935:
2920:
2466:
1301:
549:
233:
933:
925:
921:
263:
4539:
4242:
3687:
3261:
3215:
3205:
2945:
2869:
2756:
2736:
2655:
1036:
889:
864:
840:
772:
3930:
2497:
2091:
1770:
1630:"Governo anuncia Auxílio Brasil de R$ 400 a partir de novembro, mas não revela a fonte do dinheiro"
4769:
4519:
4333:
4072:
3006:
2766:
2702:
2645:
2188:
789:. Bolsa Família was the largest conditional cash transfer program in the world, though the Mexican
748:
2529:
1656:
1282:
Decree nº 5.209, de 17 de setembro de 2004 – Regulates a Law-010.836-2004 – Bolsa Família Program.
863:. Not long after, other municipalities and states adopted similar programs. In 2001 the President
4348:
3807:
3594:
3313:
3092:
1799:
607:
4212:
3893:
3768:
3607:
3102:
3052:
2930:
2874:
2837:
2817:
2812:
2577:
2468:
Happy families: An anti-poverty scheme invented in Latin America is winning converts worldwide.
1874:
1403:
855:
Bolsa Escola, a predecessor which was conditional only on school attendance, was pioneered in
328:
4629:
4373:
4298:
4282:
4232:
3629:
3624:
3515:
3140:
3067:
2915:
2847:
2714:
2078:
2070:
1757:
1281:
4594:
3850:
1900:
1300:
725:
4559:
4468:
4135:
3738:
3548:
3225:
3170:
3042:
3037:
2692:
2009:
929:
650:
438:
2413:"Bolsa Família, 20 anos: 'Meus pais foram beneficiários, hoje sou engenheiro de software'"
1444:
http://www.treasury.gov.za/documents/national%20budget/2019/review/KeyBudgetStatistics.pdf
8:
4777:
4728:
4529:
4358:
4257:
4146:
3753:
3743:
3697:
3450:
3210:
3185:
3077:
3057:
2998:
2889:
2859:
2822:
2709:
2675:
1155:
739:
689:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
4368:
4323:
4313:
4308:
3655:
3470:
3325:
3253:
3235:
3200:
3150:
3032:
2978:
2950:
2800:
2781:
2412:
2353:
2304:
2269:
448:
278:
4494:
1349:"Bolsa Família: Changing the Lives of Millions in Brazil, The World Bank, Aug/22/2007"
4514:
4338:
4090:
3758:
3692:
3579:
3480:
3434:
3378:
3371:
3165:
3127:
2988:
2903:
2761:
2731:
2697:
2612:
2604:
2392:
2345:
2309:
2291:
2207:
2066:
1556:
902:
860:
836:
453:
425:
384:
335:
4644:
4604:
3574:
2973:
2357:
1823:
Impactos do Programa Bolsa Família Sobre Os gastos Com Alimentos De Famílias Rurais.
1226:
912:
This money is given preferentially to a female head of household, through so-called
872:
820:
4745:
4574:
4569:
4247:
4237:
3682:
3677:
3160:
3155:
3062:
2955:
2940:
2640:
2337:
2299:
2281:
1748:
Kathy, Lindert; Anja, Linder; Jason, Hobbs; la, Briere, Benedicte de (1 May 2007).
949:
819:
On 30 December 2021, Jair Bolsonaro sanctioned a new cash transfer program, called
595:
433:
418:
1728:
1577:"Governo anuncia novo Bolsa Família com reajuste da faixa de pobreza para R$ 218"
4665:
4524:
4448:
4443:
4120:
3387:
3320:
3220:
3180:
3117:
3047:
2630:
1430:
1288:
1092:
trying to find a job, content instead, to live on the Bolsa Família program. The
1049:
764:
643:
619:
560:
513:
508:
4599:
4181:
3976:
1840:
Program – Brazil's Losing Struggle to Help the Hungry: Lula's Leadership Fading"
498:
493:
4660:
4589:
4534:
4499:
4489:
4473:
4019:
3718:
3538:
3523:
2960:
2771:
1057:
906:
877:
713:
488:
4554:
2341:
2286:
503:
4794:
4753:
4584:
4549:
4438:
4433:
3475:
3392:
3145:
2864:
2438:
2295:
1972:
Para ministro, fim da CPMF poderia acabar com o Bolsa Família, Agência Brasil
1476:"Coronavirus-Hit Brazil Considers Major Public Funds For Poor And Unemployed"
1307:
1218:
1031:. It will cover about 11.2 million families, or about 44 million Brazilians.
944:
791:
777:
768:
631:
523:
518:
468:
458:
4509:
4504:
785:'s social policy and is reputed to have played a role in his victory in the
4579:
4463:
4378:
4262:
4035:
3490:
3485:
3455:
2687:
2349:
2313:
1231:
1181:
coverage (equal to or greater than 70%) was maintained for multiple years.
809:
805:
528:
443:
3340:
2268:
Martins, Ana Paula Bortoletto; Monteiro, Carlos Augusto (19 August 2016).
4609:
4564:
4458:
4453:
4408:
4343:
3748:
3175:
1260:
Zero Hunger: Political Culture and Antipoverty Policy in Northeast Brazil
1236:
1170:
1139:
1135:
1028:
1011:
families and the exchange of information between governmental instances.
760:
614:
4544:
3639:
3087:
2650:
1194:
1166:
1093:
1053:
917:
4393:
3855:
3634:
3584:
3345:
2508:
Inter-American Development Bank press release regarding Bolsa Familia
2113:
1242:
847:
756:
140:
3763:
3403:
1312:
1173:
exploitation among children benefited by the Bolsa Família program.
1023:
In 2006, Bolsa Familia is estimated to cost about 0.5% of Brazilian
38:
2751:
1792:"VEJA.com - Reportagens exclusivas, notícias, informação e opinião"
1733:
1655:
Stott, Michael; Harris, Bryan; Pooler, Michael (23 December 2021).
1408:
856:
3837:
2569:
1657:"Brazil: Bolsonaro embraces the politics he once vowed to abolish"
4655:
4252:
3465:
3350:
2166:"IPC IG - International Policy Centre for inclusive Growth - IPC"
1253:
1131:
706:
4403:
4363:
2600:
1457:"Social security is necessary and globally affordable, says UN"
1373:, Economia e Negócios, O Estado de S. Paulo, 20/09/2007, p. B14
1248:
831:
392:
87:
602:
590:
4762:
Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World Without Work
4353:
1686:"Brazil Senate OKs easing budget cap to fund welfare program"
953:
720:
2041:, São Paulo: Política, Terra Magazine, Sep. 17, 2007, 08h18
2559:
YAP, Yoon-Tien, Guilherme Sedlacek and Peter Orazem. 2001.
2233:
YAP, Yoon-Tien, Guilherme Sedlacek and Peter Orazem. 2001.
2165:
1442:"SA Government 2019 National Budget Review". SA Government.
880:
sanctioned the new program, formally ending Bolsa Família.
2516:
Article on Bolsa Familia and increases in class attendance
2439:"Bolsa Família - Calendário 2018 - Consulta - Saldo - NIS"
2372:
2025:"Lula and the poetry of misery", Reinaldo Azevedo, 29/7/09
1510:"Bolsonaro sanciona com vetos lei que cria Auxílio Brasil"
1158:
in Brazil since 2001, which is welcome in one of the most
916:
which are mailed to the family. This card operates like a
2492:"Bolsa Família: Changing the Lives of Millions in Brazil"
1480:
1024:
2064:
1926:"Criada como provisória, CPMF foi reeditada três vezes"
1537:"Lula diz que Auxílio Brasil volta a ser Bolsa Família"
1331:"Cash Aid Program Bolsters Lula's Reelection Prospects"
2373:"Imds | Instituto Mobilidade e Desenvolvimento Social"
1721:
711:
Minister of Social Development and Hunger Alleviation
2377:
Imds | Instituto Mobilidade e Desenvolvimento Social
1404:"Family friendly: Brazil's scheme to tackle poverty"
1208:
2326:
1604:"Bolsa Família already reaches a third of the poor"
1395:
4211:
1654:
1385:"FGV divulga estudo mostrando redução da miséria"
1371:Miséria no Brasil cai 27,7% no 1º mandato de Lula
948:Central to the beneficiaries of Bolsa Família in
4792:
1747:
1369:BRANDÃO JR., Nilson Brandão e ARAGÃO, Marianna.
1151:International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth
566:Community of Latin American and Caribbean States
2267:
1188:
928:bank locations. This practice helps to reduce
795:was the first nationwide program of this kind.
3838:Contemporary social welfare programs in Brazil
2530:Payment schedule of the Social Program in 2018
2330:Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
1595:
4197:
4051:
3823:
3419:
2585:
1876:Nutrition Landscape Information System (NLiS)
651:
361:
169:United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti
4170:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
4065:
2419:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 11 September 2023
2098:
2014:, Aliás, in O Estado de S. Paulo, 26/08/2007
1293:
901:Bolsa Família currently gives families with
2397:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2039:Banco Mundial vê Bolsa Família como modelo.
1561:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1516:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 30 December 2021
27:Government social welfare program in Brazil
4204:
4190:
4058:
4044:
3830:
3816:
3426:
3412:
2592:
2578:
2227:
1958:, Novo Pensamento sobre um Problema Antigo
1636:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 21 October 2021
767:and fight long-term poverty by increasing
658:
644:
368:
354:
249:Global Alliance Against Hunger and Poverty
2303:
2285:
2005:
2003:
1776:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1364:
1362:
1341:
1001:
1984:
1982:
1878:- World Health Organization(March, 2017)
1534:
943:
846:
830:
719:
705:
4268:Right to an adequate standard of living
2370:
2106:"RAWLINGS, Laura B. e RUBIO, Gloria M.
1583:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 1 March 2023
1454:
1123:
14:
4793:
2551:RAWLINGS, Laura B. e RUBIO, Gloria M.
2482:Ministry of Social Development website
2030:
2000:
1784:
1683:
1601:
1473:
1359:
959:
576:Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization
4185:
4039:
3811:
3433:
3407:
2573:
2546:Institute of Social Studies 390(2004)
2045:
1979:
1504:
1502:
1467:
1401:
1319:from the original on 9 February 2008.
1277:
1275:
738:
3792:
1936:from the original on 18 January 2022
1858:"MALNUTRITION DEATH RATE BY COUNTRY"
1828:
1814:
1474:Osborn, Catherine (31 August 2020).
1455:Provost, Claire (21 February 2011).
1018:
888:Programs employing various types of
669:
2666:Sixth (New) Republic (1985–present)
2599:
2474:print edition, MACEIÓ: Feb 7th 2008
2128:
1868:
1850:
1684:Boadle, Anthony (2 December 2021).
1027:and about 2.5% of total government
988:
24:
3910:Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos
2498:Economist article on Bolsa Família
2487:World Bank review of Bolsa Família
2053:O Discreto Charme Da Solidariedade
1677:
1648:
1622:
1602:Estado, Agência (1 January 2004).
1499:
1377:
1272:
1193:The "Project Family Grant" of the
25:
4817:
2661:Military dictatorship (1964–1985)
2460:
2443:www.programabolsadafamilia.com.br
1169:shows a significant reduction in
4801:Universal basic income in Brazil
4389:Political Party for Basic Income
3791:
3782:
3781:
2646:First (Old) Republic (1889–1930)
2523:The Bolsa Família Grants Program
1211:
1146:consumption, and diet quality".
996:Federal University of Pernambuco
674:
625:
613:
601:
589:
399:
334:
327:
37:
2535:
2503:MDS monitoring of Bolsa Familia
2431:
2405:
2364:
2320:
2261:
2240:
2176:
2158:
2058:
2018:
1965:
1948:
1918:
1882:
1821:DUARTE, Gisléia Benini, et al.
1741:
1729:"Brazil: Key facts and figures"
1703:
1569:
1528:
1448:
571:Union of South American Nations
1436:
1416:
1323:
239:2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro summit
224:2023 Brazilian Congress attack
13:
1:
4635:Asignación Universal por Hijo
4278:Universal basic income pilots
2494:, The World Bank, Aug/22/2007
1608:O Estado de São Paulo Journal
1266:
1043:
883:
871:In October 2021, the program
464:Socialism of the 21st century
244:2024 Rio Grande do Sul floods
174:Submarine Development Program
2563:. World Bank, Washington, DC
2542:BRITTO, Tatiana Feitosa de.
2237:. World Bank, Washington, DC
1535:PODER360 (9 December 2022).
1422:"South African Government".
1189:International participations
1064:
939:
165:Foreign and Military policy
7:
4651:Iranian subsidy reform plan
4399:Sustainable Australia Party
3108:Water supply and sanitation
2656:Fourth Republic (1946–1964)
2631:Colonial Brazil (1500–1815)
1932:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
1402:Duffy, Gary (25 May 2010).
1204:
969:associated with education.
608:Organised labour portal
156:Growth Acceleration Program
137:Social and Economic policy
10:
4822:
4304:Basic Income Earth Network
4273:Technological unemployment
2636:United Kingdom (1815–1822)
1185:their monetary benefits.
896:
826:
773:conditional cash transfers
258:Scandals and controversies
234:2023 South American summit
4806:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
4737:
4674:
4622:
4482:
4426:
4417:
4291:
4243:Guaranteed minimum income
4220:
4144:
4071:
4007:
3964:
3923:
3902:
3886:
3843:
3777:
3711:
3648:
3593:
3562:
3514:
3441:
3365:
3234:
3126:
3028:
3019:
2997:
2911:
2902:
2890:President of the Republic
2808:
2799:
2683:
2674:
2611:
2445:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
2379:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
2342:10.1007/s00127-018-1627-6
2287:10.1186/s12889-016-3486-y
2136:"– Bolsa Familia Project"
2012:O tamanho do Brasil pobre
1610:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1543:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1287:October 29, 2012, at the
1165:Research promoted by the
1162:countries on the planet.
1037:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
936:, the program's website.
903:per-capita monthly income
890:conditional cash transfer
865:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
801:Getulio Vargas Foundation
783:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
736:Portuguese pronunciation:
683:This article needs to be
56:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
4770:The War on Normal People
4066:Welfare in South America
3671:Automobiles manufactured
2813:Administrative divisions
2470:The Americas: Brazil in
787:general election of 2006
556:Unified Workers' Central
185:39th President of Brazil
102:35th President of Brazil
46:This article is part of
3729:Federative units by HDI
3724:Federative units by GDP
2555:, The World Bank, 2003.
2110:, The World Bank, 2003"
1862:worldlifeexpectancy.com
934:Portal da Transparência
922:Caixa Econômica Federal
771:among the poor through
740:[ˈbowsɐfɐˈmiʎɐ]
4540:Christopher Pissarides
4213:Universal basic income
3972:Sistema Único de Saúde
3931:Ciência sem Fronteiras
3894:Minha Casa, Minha Vida
3769:Central Bank of Brazil
2969:Science and technology
2651:Vargas Era (1930–1946)
2086:Cite journal requires
1765:Cite journal requires
1149:A study by the UNDP's
1002:Control and monitoring
956:
852:
844:
728:
717:
716:discussing the program
288:Presidential elections
4630:Alaska Permanent Fund
4374:People Animals Nature
4299:Basic Income Alliance
4283:Universal inheritance
947:
920:and is issued by the
850:
834:
723:
709:
4560:Richard David Precht
4469:Juliet Rhys-Williams
2787:World Heritage Sites
2720:Environmental issues
2693:Brazilian Antarctica
1906:on 29 September 2007
1124:Outcomes and effects
1114:Camargo Correa Group
753:Government of Brazil
596:Socialism portal
439:Democratic socialism
4778:Utopia for Realists
4530:Philippe Van Parijs
4359:Mein Grundeinkommen
4258:Negative income tax
4228:Basic income models
3999:Saúde Não Tem Preço
3666:Automotive industry
3496:Stabilization plans
3336:Syncretic Religions
3244:Freedom of religion
2926:Automotive industry
2521:MUTZIG, Jean Marc.
1335:The Washington Post
1315:. 7 February 2008.
960:Political structure
620:Politics portal
385:the politics series
88:Political positions
4595:Christian Engström
4369:Party of Humanists
4324:Five Star Movement
4314:Breakthrough Party
4309:Basic Income Party
4233:Citizen's dividend
3851:Brasil sem Miséria
3703:Telecommunications
3296:Eastern Orthodoxy
3289:Ukrainian Catholic
2984:Telecommunications
2641:Empire (1822–1889)
2626:Indigenous peoples
2371:Comunicação, Gr2.
2255:info.worldbank.org
2146:on 7 February 2012
2116:on 16 October 2010
2037:BRAMATTI, Daniel.
1930:memoria.ebc.com.br
1802:on 22 October 2007
1429:2019-12-27 at the
1337:. 29 October 2006.
1048:The reaction from
957:
853:
845:
729:
726:Diadema, São Paulo
718:
449:Left-wing populism
279:Free Lula movement
269:Operation Car Wash
83:Education and work
4788:
4787:
4618:
4617:
4515:Sepp Kusstatscher
4179:
4178:
4151:other territories
4033:
4032:
3844:Transfer payments
3805:
3804:
3759:Brazilian disease
3674:
3661:Creative industry
3616:
3580:Cingapura project
3501:2007–10 recession
3481:Brazilian Miracle
3435:Economy of Brazil
3401:
3400:
3361:
3360:
3303:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3268:Armenian Catholic
3073:Income inequality
3015:
3014:
2898:
2897:
2885:Political parties
2880:National Congress
2843:Freedom of speech
2828:Foreign relations
2795:
2794:
2274:BMC Public Health
2215:Missing or empty
1994:web.worldbank.org
1890:"MfDR Sourcebook"
1019:Cost and coverage
861:Cristovam Buarque
859:by then-governor
837:Cristovam Buarque
747:) is the current
704:
703:
668:
667:
632:Brazil portal
454:Liberal socialism
426:Social liberalism
378:
377:
64:
63:
16:(Redirected from
4813:
4746:Agrarian Justice
4714:Nordic countries
4623:Related programs
4575:Osmo Soininvaara
4570:Annika Lillemets
4424:
4423:
4248:Jobless recovery
4238:Freedom dividend
4206:
4199:
4192:
4183:
4182:
4171:
4159:Falkland Islands
4073:Sovereign states
4060:
4053:
4046:
4037:
4036:
4025:Viver sem Limite
3994:Farmácia Popular
3987:Saúde da Família
3876:Brasil Carinhoso
3832:
3825:
3818:
3809:
3808:
3795:
3794:
3785:
3784:
3668:
3610:
3603:Renewable energy
3554:Animal husbandry
3428:
3421:
3414:
3405:
3404:
3381:
3374:
3299:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3191:National symbols
3026:
3025:
2964:
2936:Economic history
2921:Animal husbandry
2909:
2908:
2806:
2805:
2681:
2680:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2571:
2570:
2514:
2480:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2396:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2307:
2289:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2252:
2244:
2238:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2218:
2213:
2211:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2193:
2187:. Archived from
2180:
2174:
2173:
2170:www.ipc-undp.org
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2142:. Archived from
2132:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2112:. Archived from
2102:
2096:
2095:
2089:
2084:
2082:
2074:
2062:
2056:
2049:
2043:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2007:
1998:
1997:
1986:
1977:
1976:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1905:
1899:. Archived from
1894:
1886:
1880:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1832:
1826:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1798:. Archived from
1788:
1782:
1781:
1774:
1768:
1763:
1761:
1753:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1581:Folha de S.Paulo
1573:
1567:
1566:
1560:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1506:
1497:
1496:
1490:
1488:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1381:
1375:
1366:
1357:
1356:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1304:
1302:"Happy families"
1297:
1291:
1279:
1221:
1216:
1215:
1214:
989:Use of the money
950:Feira de Santana
841:Federal District
745:Family Allowance
742:
737:
699:
696:
690:
678:
677:
670:
660:
653:
646:
630:
629:
628:
618:
617:
606:
605:
594:
593:
434:Anti-imperialism
419:Social democracy
403:
380:
379:
370:
363:
356:
338:
331:
229:2023 China visit
146:Family Allowance
60:
59:
57:
50:
49:
41:
34:
33:
30:
29:
21:
4821:
4820:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4810:
4791:
4790:
4789:
4784:
4733:
4670:
4666:Social dividend
4614:
4525:Eduardo Suplicy
4495:Étienne Chouard
4478:
4449:Stephen Hawking
4444:Milton Friedman
4413:
4287:
4216:
4210:
4180:
4175:
4169:
4152:
4150:
4140:
4067:
4064:
4034:
4029:
4015:Água para Todos
4003:
3960:
3919:
3898:
3882:
3839:
3836:
3806:
3801:
3773:
3707:
3644:
3589:
3558:
3510:
3437:
3432:
3402:
3397:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3357:
3230:
3216:Science fiction
3206:Public holidays
3122:
3083:Life expectancy
3011:
2993:
2962:
2894:
2870:Law enforcement
2791:
2777:Water resources
2757:Protected areas
2670:
2607:
2598:
2538:
2513:(in Portuguese)
2512:
2479:(in Portuguese)
2478:
2463:
2458:
2448:
2446:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2422:
2420:
2417:BBC News Brasil
2411:
2410:
2406:
2390:
2389:
2382:
2380:
2369:
2365:
2325:
2321:
2266:
2262:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2232:
2228:
2216:
2214:
2205:
2204:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2119:
2117:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2087:
2085:
2076:
2075:
2063:
2059:
2050:
2046:
2035:
2031:
2027:(in Portuguese)
2023:
2019:
2008:
2001:
1988:
1987:
1980:
1975:(in Portuguese)
1974:
1970:
1966:
1961:(in Portuguese)
1960:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1869:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1766:
1764:
1755:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1694:
1692:
1682:
1678:
1665:
1663:
1661:Financial Times
1653:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1613:
1611:
1600:
1596:
1586:
1584:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1554:
1553:
1546:
1544:
1533:
1529:
1519:
1517:
1508:
1507:
1500:
1486:
1484:
1472:
1468:
1453:
1449:
1441:
1437:
1431:Wayback Machine
1421:
1417:
1400:
1396:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1367:
1360:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1289:Wayback Machine
1280:
1273:
1269:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1191:
1126:
1118:virtuous circle
1067:
1046:
1021:
1004:
991:
962:
942:
899:
886:
829:
751:program of the
735:
700:
694:
691:
688:
679:
675:
664:
626:
624:
612:
600:
588:
581:
580:
561:Sao Paulo Forum
544:
543:
534:
533:
514:Fernando Haddad
509:Gleisi Hoffmann
484:
483:
474:
473:
413:
412:
374:
339:
333:
332:
325:
324:
323:
289:
285:
284:
283:
259:
255:
254:
253:
220:
186:
182:
181:
180:
162:
134:
103:
99:
98:
97:
73:
69:
55:
53:
52:
51:
47:
45:
44:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4819:
4809:
4808:
4803:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4774:
4766:
4758:
4750:
4741:
4739:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4719:United Kingdom
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4680:
4678:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4663:
4661:Quatinga Velho
4658:
4653:
4648:
4645:Auxílio Brasil
4637:
4632:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4607:
4605:Björn Wahlroos
4602:
4597:
4592:
4590:Birger Schlaug
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4535:Carole Pateman
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4500:Harry F. Dahms
4497:
4492:
4490:Rutger Bregman
4486:
4484:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4474:Anthony Barber
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4430:
4428:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4209:
4208:
4201:
4194:
4186:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4166:
4161:
4155:
4153:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4077:
4075:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4040:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4020:Luz para Todos
4017:
4011:
4009:
4008:Infrastructure
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3946:Jovem Aprendiz
3943:
3938:
3933:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3890:
3888:
3887:Public housing
3884:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3866:Bolsa Estiagem
3863:
3858:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3812:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3789:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3744:Infrastructure
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3663:
3658:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3605:
3599:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3575:Auxílio Brasil
3572:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3520:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3447:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3431:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3408:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3383:
3382:
3375:
3367:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3240:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3007:Rail transport
3003:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2853:Women's rights
2850:
2845:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2809:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2742:Largest cities
2739:
2734:
2729:
2727:Extreme points
2724:
2723:
2722:
2712:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2703:Climate change
2695:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2557:
2548:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2518:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2489:
2484:
2476:
2462:
2461:External links
2459:
2457:
2456:
2430:
2404:
2363:
2336:(5): 599–606.
2319:
2260:
2248:"Server Error"
2239:
2226:
2194:on 9 July 2006
2183:. 9 July 2006
2175:
2157:
2140:The World Bank
2127:
2097:
2088:|journal=
2057:
2051:HAAG, Carlos.
2044:
2029:
2017:
2010:DORIA, Pedro.
1999:
1978:
1964:
1947:
1917:
1881:
1867:
1849:
1839:
1827:
1813:
1783:
1767:|journal=
1740:
1737:. 27 May 2010.
1720:
1702:
1676:
1647:
1621:
1594:
1568:
1527:
1498:
1466:
1447:
1435:
1415:
1394:
1376:
1358:
1340:
1322:
1292:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1227:Auxílio Brasil
1223:
1222:
1206:
1203:
1190:
1187:
1125:
1122:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1066:
1063:
1058:Paul Wolfowitz
1045:
1042:
1020:
1017:
1003:
1000:
990:
987:
961:
958:
941:
938:
898:
895:
885:
882:
878:Jair Bolsonaro
873:Auxílio Brasil
828:
825:
821:Auxílio Brasil
765:cash transfers
755:, part of the
749:social welfare
714:Patrus Ananias
702:
701:
682:
680:
673:
666:
665:
663:
662:
655:
648:
640:
637:
636:
635:
634:
622:
610:
598:
583:
582:
579:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
550:Workers' Party
545:
541:
540:
539:
536:
535:
532:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
489:Dilma Rousseff
485:
481:
480:
479:
476:
475:
472:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
430:
429:
422:
414:
410:
409:
408:
405:
404:
396:
395:
389:
388:
376:
375:
373:
372:
365:
358:
350:
347:
346:
322:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
290:
287:
286:
282:
281:
276:
271:
266:
260:
257:
256:
252:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
219:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
187:
184:
183:
179:
178:
177:
176:
171:
161:
160:
159:
158:
153:
151:School Stipend
148:
143:
133:
132:
131:
130:
125:
119:Inaugurations
116:
115:
110:
104:
101:
100:
96:
95:
90:
85:
80:
74:
71:
70:
66:
65:
62:
61:
48:a series about
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4818:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4780:
4779:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4754:Bullshit Jobs
4751:
4748:
4747:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4736:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4724:United States
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4646:
4642:
4641:Bolsa Família
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4585:Susanne Wiest
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4550:Katja Kipping
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4481:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4439:C. H. Douglas
4437:
4435:
4434:Tony Atkinson
4432:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4349:Left Alliance
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4329:Forward Party
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4292:Organizations
4290:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4214:
4207:
4202:
4200:
4195:
4193:
4188:
4187:
4184:
4172:
4167:
4165:
4164:French Guiana
4162:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4148:
4143:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4061:
4056:
4054:
4049:
4047:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3861:Bolsa Família
3859:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3833:
3828:
3826:
3821:
3819:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3798:
3790:
3788:
3780:
3779:
3776:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3649:Other sectors
3647:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3614:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3570:Bolsa Família
3568:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3476:Plano Trienal
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3429:
3424:
3422:
3417:
3415:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3315:
3314:Protestantism
3312:
3310:
3307:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3258:Christianity
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3098:States by HDI
3096:
3094:
3093:Social issues
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2595:
2590:
2588:
2583:
2581:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2540:
2539:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2519:
2517:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2472:The Economist
2469:
2465:
2464:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2400:
2394:
2378:
2374:
2367:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2323:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2256:
2249:
2243:
2236:
2230:
2222:
2209:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2101:
2093:
2080:
2072:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2013:
2006:
2004:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1983:
1973:
1968:
1959:
1957:
1956:The Economist
1951:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1871:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1817:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1779:
1772:
1759:
1751:
1744:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1711:"MDS website"
1706:
1691:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1635:
1631:
1625:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1564:
1558:
1542:
1538:
1531:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1495:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1470:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1419:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1398:
1390:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1372:
1365:
1363:
1354:
1353:worldbank.org
1350:
1344:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1308:The Economist
1303:
1296:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1271:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1219:Brazil portal
1209:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1038:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1012:
1008:
999:
997:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
955:
951:
946:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
914:Citizen Cards
910:
908:
904:
894:
891:
881:
879:
874:
869:
866:
862:
858:
849:
842:
838:
833:
824:
822:
817:
813:
811:
807:
802:
796:
794:
793:
792:Oportunidades
788:
784:
780:
779:
778:The Economist
774:
770:
769:human capital
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
741:
733:
732:Bolsa Família
727:
722:
715:
712:
708:
698:
686:
681:
672:
671:
661:
656:
654:
649:
647:
642:
641:
639:
638:
633:
623:
621:
616:
611:
609:
604:
599:
597:
592:
587:
586:
585:
584:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
551:
547:
546:
542:Organisations
538:
537:
530:
527:
525:
524:Guido Mantega
522:
520:
519:Chico Buarque
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
478:
477:
470:
469:Progressivism
467:
465:
462:
460:
459:Globalisation
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
431:
428:
427:
423:
421:
420:
416:
415:
407:
406:
402:
398:
397:
394:
391:
390:
386:
382:
381:
371:
366:
364:
359:
357:
352:
351:
349:
348:
345:
344:
343:Media gallery
340:
337:
330:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
291:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
261:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
221:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
188:
175:
172:
170:
167:
166:
164:
163:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
138:
136:
135:
129:
126:
124:
121:
120:
118:
117:
114:
111:
109:
106:
105:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
75:
72:Personal life
68:
67:
58:
43:
40:
36:
35:
32:
31:
19:
18:Bolsa Familia
4776:
4768:
4760:
4752:
4744:
4640:
4600:Benoît Hamon
4580:Li Andersson
4520:Guy Standing
4483:Contemporary
4464:Thomas Paine
4379:Pirate Party
4339:Génération.s
4334:Fusion Party
4263:Real freedom
4147:Dependencies
3982:Rede Cegonha
3977:Mais Médicos
3860:
3608:Ethanol fuel
3569:
3491:Plano Collor
3486:Samba effect
3471:Rubber cycle
3456:Coffee cycle
3112:
3103:Unemployment
3053:Demographics
2931:Central Bank
2838:Human rights
2818:Constitution
2688:Amazon basin
2560:
2552:
2543:
2536:Bibliography
2522:
2471:
2467:
2447:. Retrieved
2442:
2433:
2421:. Retrieved
2416:
2407:
2381:. Retrieved
2376:
2366:
2333:
2329:
2322:
2277:
2273:
2263:
2254:
2242:
2234:
2229:
2217:|title=
2196:. Retrieved
2189:the original
2178:
2169:
2160:
2150:22 September
2148:. Retrieved
2144:the original
2139:
2130:
2118:. Retrieved
2114:the original
2107:
2100:
2079:cite journal
2060:
2052:
2047:
2038:
2032:
2020:
2011:
1993:
1967:
1955:
1950:
1938:. Retrieved
1929:
1920:
1908:. Retrieved
1901:the original
1896:
1884:
1875:
1870:
1861:
1852:
1843:
1830:
1822:
1816:
1806:22 September
1804:. Retrieved
1800:the original
1795:
1786:
1758:cite journal
1743:
1732:
1723:
1714:
1705:
1693:. Retrieved
1689:
1679:
1671:
1664:. Retrieved
1660:
1650:
1638:. Retrieved
1633:
1624:
1614:11 September
1612:. Retrieved
1607:
1597:
1585:. Retrieved
1580:
1571:
1545:. Retrieved
1540:
1530:
1518:. Retrieved
1513:
1492:
1485:. Retrieved
1479:
1469:
1461:The Guardian
1460:
1450:
1438:
1418:
1407:
1397:
1389:terra.com.br
1388:
1379:
1370:
1352:
1343:
1334:
1325:
1306:
1295:
1258:
1241:
1232:Basic income
1199:
1192:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1164:
1148:
1144:
1130:
1127:
1110:
1107:
1090:
1068:
1050:multilateral
1047:
1033:
1022:
1013:
1009:
1005:
992:
985:nationwide.
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
913:
911:
905:below $ 140
900:
887:
870:
854:
851:Program logo
818:
814:
810:South Africa
806:minimum wage
797:
790:
776:
744:
731:
730:
692:
684:
548:
529:Celso Amorim
499:Olívio Dutra
494:José Alencar
444:Keynesianism
424:
417:
342:
326:
201:Inauguration
145:
4765:(monograph)
4709:Netherlands
4610:Andrew Yang
4565:Valter Mutt
4555:Götz Werner
4459:James Meade
4454:Ailsa McKay
4409:Volt Europa
4344:Green Party
3965:Health care
3871:Bolsa Verde
3749:Brazil Cost
3625:Solar power
3620:Electricity
3516:Agriculture
3506:2014 crisis
3262:Catholicism
3176:Malandragem
3141:Archaeology
3068:Immigration
2974:Stock index
2916:Agriculture
2715:Environment
1487:2 September
1237:Child labor
1171:child labor
1140:child labor
1136:econometric
1029:expenditure
504:José Dirceu
216:Ambassadors
141:Zero Hunger
4795:Categories
4749:(pamphlet)
4545:Claus Offe
4510:André Gorz
4505:Uffe Elbæk
3739:Corruption
3678:Healthcare
3640:Eletrobras
3549:Irrigation
3451:Gold cycle
3301:Antiochian
3226:Television
3196:Newspapers
3171:Literature
3043:Corruption
3038:Censorship
2963:(currency)
2833:Government
2449:1 November
2423:19 October
2383:19 October
2280:(1): 827.
2120:16 October
1940:17 January
1910:12 October
1715:mds.gov.br
1695:17 January
1666:17 January
1640:17 January
1520:17 January
1267:References
1195:World Bank
1167:World Bank
1156:inequality
1094:World Bank
1054:World Bank
1044:Perception
930:corruption
918:debit card
884:Objectives
761:vaccinated
411:Philosophy
196:Transition
191:Presidency
108:Presidency
78:Early life
4676:By region
4419:Advocates
4394:ReCivitas
4136:Venezuela
4081:Argentina
3924:Education
3856:Fome Zero
3734:Companies
3698:Transport
3635:Petrobras
3585:Fome Zero
3346:Quimbanda
3341:Candomblé
3211:Sculpture
3186:Mythology
3136:Animation
3078:Languages
3058:Education
2999:Transport
2860:Judiciary
2823:Elections
2772:Time Zone
2747:Mountains
2710:Coastline
2676:Geography
2296:1471-2458
2198:10 August
1838:Fome Zero
1463:. London.
1243:Fome Zero
1065:Criticism
940:Structure
757:Fome Zero
4639:Brazil (
4427:Historic
4126:Suriname
4116:Paraguay
4101:Colombia
3951:Pronatec
3787:Category
3656:Industry
3388:Category
3326:Hinduism
3275:Maronite
3254:Buddhism
3236:Religion
3201:Painting
3151:Carnaval
3033:Abortion
2979:Taxation
2951:Industry
2875:Military
2801:Politics
2782:Wildlife
2752:Pantanal
2621:Timeline
2605:articles
2393:cite web
2358:53874931
2350:30456426
2314:27538516
2208:cite web
1934:Archived
1897:mfdr.org
1844:coha.org
1796:VEJA.com
1734:BBC News
1557:cite web
1541:Poder360
1427:Archived
1409:BBC News
1317:Archived
1285:Archived
1205:See also
857:Brasilia
843:in 1995.
695:May 2023
383:Part of
264:Mensalão
4694:Germany
4656:Omitara
4384:Podemos
4253:Mincome
4131:Uruguay
4106:Ecuador
4086:Bolivia
3797:Commons
3693:Tourism
3688:Exports
3613:History
3563:Welfare
3466:Fazenda
3443:History
3372:Outline
3351:Umbanda
3331:Judaism
3282:Melkite
3166:Cuisine
3128:Culture
3113:Welfare
3021:Society
2989:Tourism
2946:Exports
2904:Economy
2762:Regions
2737:Islands
2732:Geology
2698:Climate
2613:History
2305:4991072
1690:Reuters
1587:12 June
1547:12 June
1494:month.)
1254:Poverty
1160:unequal
1132:ex ante
897:Benefit
839:of the
827:History
685:updated
206:Cabinet
113:Cabinet
93:Honours
4781:(book)
4773:(book)
4757:(book)
4729:Global
4689:Canada
4684:Brazil
4404:Vivant
4364:MERA25
4221:Topics
4215:topics
4111:Guyana
4091:Brazil
3956:ProUni
3941:Fundeb
3915:Pronaf
3764:Camelô
3683:Mining
3595:Energy
3544:Coffee
3534:Orange
3529:Banana
3461:Empire
3393:Portal
3249:Baháʼí
3221:Sports
3161:Comics
3156:Cinema
3088:People
3063:Health
2956:Mining
2941:Energy
2767:Rivers
2603:
2601:Brazil
2356:
2348:
2312:
2302:
2294:
2071:358407
2069:
1313:Maceió
1249:Lulism
482:People
393:Lulism
274:Prison
128:Second
4738:Works
4704:Japan
4699:India
4354:LIVRE
4319:Enhet
4096:Chile
3712:Misc.
3379:Index
3321:Islam
3181:Music
3118:Youth
3048:Crime
2961:Real
2354:S2CID
2251:(PDF)
2192:(PDF)
1904:(PDF)
1893:(PDF)
1836:"The
954:Bahia
926:Caixa
211:Trips
123:First
4121:Peru
3936:Fies
3903:Food
3719:Real
3630:Vale
3539:Beer
3524:Wine
3146:Arts
2848:LGBT
2451:2018
2425:2023
2399:link
2385:2023
2346:PMID
2310:PMID
2292:ISSN
2221:help
2200:2019
2152:2007
2122:2010
2092:help
2067:SSRN
1942:2022
1912:2006
1808:2007
1778:link
1771:help
1752:: 1.
1697:2022
1668:2022
1642:2022
1616:2022
1589:2023
1563:link
1549:2023
1522:2022
1489:2020
319:2022
314:2006
309:2002
304:1998
299:1994
294:1989
4149:and
3309:LDS
2865:Law
2338:doi
2300:PMC
2282:doi
1481:NPR
1025:GDP
907:BRL
4797::
4643:,
3754:B3
2441:.
2415:.
2395:}}
2391:{{
2375:.
2352:.
2344:.
2334:54
2332:.
2308:.
2298:.
2290:.
2278:16
2276:.
2272:.
2253:.
2212::
2210:}}
2206:{{
2168:.
2138:.
2083::
2081:}}
2077:{{
2002:^
1992:.
1981:^
1928:.
1895:.
1860:.
1842:.
1794:.
1762::
1760:}}
1756:{{
1731:.
1713:.
1688:.
1670:.
1659:.
1634:G1
1632:.
1606:.
1579:.
1559:}}
1555:{{
1539:.
1514:G1
1512:.
1501:^
1491:.
1478:.
1459:.
1406:.
1387:.
1361:^
1351:.
1333:.
1311:.
1305:.
1274:^
1142:.
1056:,
952:,
743:,
387:on
4647:)
4205:e
4198:t
4191:v
4059:e
4052:t
4045:v
3831:e
3824:t
3817:v
3673:)
3669:(
3615:)
3611:(
3427:e
3420:t
3413:v
2593:e
2586:t
2579:v
2453:.
2427:.
2401:)
2387:.
2360:.
2340::
2316:.
2284::
2257:.
2223:)
2219:(
2202:.
2172:.
2154:.
2124:.
2094:)
2090:(
2073:.
1996:.
1944:.
1914:.
1864:.
1846:.
1810:.
1780:)
1773:)
1769:(
1717:.
1699:.
1644:.
1618:.
1591:.
1565:)
1551:.
1524:.
1433:"
1412:.
1391:.
1355:.
734:(
697:)
693:(
687:.
659:e
652:t
645:v
369:e
362:t
355:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)