Leopold and Loeb - Knowledge

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doing it you are making it harder for every other boy who in ignorance and darkness must grope his way through the mazes which only childhood knows. In doing it you will make it harder for unborn children. You may save them and make it easier for every child that sometime may stand where these boys stand. You will make it easier for every human being with an aspiration and a vision and a hope and a fate. I am pleading for the future; I am pleading for a time when hatred and cruelty will not control the hearts of men. When we can learn by reason and judgment and understanding and faith that all life is worth saving, and that mercy is the highest attribute of man.

904: 526: 756: 3096: 3092: 869:, a graduate of the University of Chicago, requested Leopold's cooperation in the writing of a novel which was based on the murder of Franks. Leopold responded to Meyer Levin's request by stating that he did not want his story to be told in a fictionalized form, but offered Levin a chance to contribute to his own memoir, which was in progress. Levin, unhappy with that suggestion, went ahead with his book alone, despite Leopold's express objections. The novel, titled 491:

persuaded him to enter the car to discuss a tennis racket that he had been using. The precise sequence of the events that followed remains in dispute, but a preponderance of opinion placed Leopold behind the wheel of the car while Loeb sat in the back seat with the chisel. Loeb struck Franks, who was sitting in front of him in the passenger seat, several times in the head with the chisel, then dragged him into the back seat and gagged him, where he died.

603: 919:. He expressed his appreciation in an article: "To me the Brethren Service Commission offered the job, the home, and the sponsorship without which a man cannot be paroled. But it gave me so much more than that – the companionship, the acceptance, the love which would have rendered a violation of parole almost impossible." He was known as "Nate" to neighbors and co-workers at Castañer General Hospital in 44: 135: 537:. Leopold called Franks' mother, identifying himself as "George Johnson," and told her that Franks had been kidnapped; instructions for delivering the ransom would follow. After mailing the typed ransom note and burning their blood-stained clothing, then cleaning the blood stains from the rented vehicle's upholstery, they spent the remainder of the evening playing cards. 385:. His father was Jewish and his mother was Catholic. Like Leopold, Loeb was exceptionally intelligent. He was an avid reader, with a passion for history and crime stories. At age 12, he entered the innovative University High School. With the encouragement of his governess, he completed his high school education in two years. In 1923, at the age of 17, he would become the 718:

measure. Has your Honor a right to consider the families of these defendants? I have been sorry, and I am sorry for the bereavement of Mr. and Mrs. Franks, for those broken ties that cannot be healed. All I can hope and wish is that some good may come from it all. But as compared with the families of Leopold and Loeb, the Franks are to be envied – and everyone knows it.

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intricate plan for collecting the ransom which involved a long series of complex instructions which would be communicated, one instruction would be given at a time, by phone. They typed the final set of instructions which involved the actual money drop in the form of a ransom note, using the typewriter which was stolen from the fraternity house. They purchased a

854:, he became a model prisoner and made many significant contributions to the improvement of the living conditions in the Stateville Penitentiary. These improvements included reorganizing the prison library, revamping the schooling system and teaching its students, and volunteer work in the prison hospital. In 1944, Leopold volunteered for the 820:, "I must tell you of the line that came to me from an unknown correspondent in Chicago. This anonymous contributor said he had the absolute low-down on the recent slaying of Dickie Loeb. Seems that Loeb made a slight mistake in grammar. He ended a sentence in a proposition..." While some sources state 738:

The judge was persuaded, but he explained in his ruling that his decision was based primarily on precedent and the youth of the accused. On September 10, 1924, he sentenced both Leopold and Loeb to life imprisonment for the murder, and an additional 99 years for the kidnapping. A little over a month

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And Loeb's the same. Here are the faithful uncle and brother, who have watched here day by day, while Dickie's father and his mother are too ill to stand this terrific strain, and shall be waiting for a message which means more to them than it can mean to you or me. Shall these be taken into account

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Here is Leopold's father – and this boy was the pride of his life. He watched him and he cared for him, he worked for him; the boy was brilliant and accomplished. He educated him, and he thought that fame and position awaited him, as it should have awaited. It is a hard thing for a father to see his

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Once the Franks family received the ransom note on the following morning, Leopold called a second time and dictated the first set of instructions for the delivery of the ransom payment. The intricate plan was stalled almost immediately when a nervous relative forgot the address of the store where he

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Loeb was the first to confess. He asserted that Leopold had planned everything and had killed Franks in the backseat of the car while he (Loeb) drove. Leopold's confession followed swiftly thereafter. He insisted that he was the driver and Loeb the murderer. Their confessions otherwise corroborated

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were offered in exchange for information. Leopold and Loeb both enjoyed chatting about the murder with their friends and relatives. Leopold discussed the case with his professor and a female friend, joking that he would confess and give her the reward money. Loeb helped a couple of reporter friends

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was supposed to receive the next set of directions, and it was abandoned entirely when word came that Franks' body had been found. Leopold and Loeb destroyed the typewriter and they also burned a car robe (lap blanket) which they had used to move the body. They then went about their lives as usual.

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Levin portrayed Leopold, under the pseudonym Judd Steiner, as a brilliant but a deeply disturbed teenager, psychologically driven to kill because of his troubled childhood and an obsession with Loeb. Leopold later wrote that reading Levin's book made him "physically sick... More than once I had to

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Leopold and Loeb put their plan in motion on the afternoon of May 21, 1924. Using an automobile that Leopold rented under the name Morton D. Ballard, they offered Franks a ride as he walked home from school. The boy initially refused, because his destination was less than two blocks away, but Loeb

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The easy thing and the popular thing to do is to hang my clients. I know it. Men and women who do not think will applaud. The cruel and thoughtless will approve. It will be easy today; but in Chicago, and reaching out over the length and breadth of the land, more and more fathers and mothers, the

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Leopold later claimed, long after Loeb was dead, that he pleaded in vain with Loeb to admit to killing Franks. "Mompsie feels less terrible than she might, thinking you did it," he quotes Loeb as saying, "and I'm not going to take that shred of comfort away from her." Most observers believed that

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Police found a pair of eyeglasses near Franks' body. Although the prescription and the frame were common, they were fitted with an unusual hinge which was only purchased by three customers in Chicago, one of whom was Leopold. When questioned, Leopold offered the possibility that his glasses might

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Leopold believed it was possible that he and Loeb could become such individuals, and as such, by his interpretation of Nietzsche's doctrines, they were not bound by any of society's normal ethics or rules. In a letter to Loeb, he wrote, "A superman ... is, on account of certain superior qualities

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Though Leopold and Loeb knew each other casually while growing up, they began to see more of each other in the mid-1920s, and their relationship flourished at the University of Chicago, as part of a mutual friend group. Their sexual relationship began in February 1921 and continued until the pair

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These would ask that the shedding of blood be stopped, and that the normal feelings of man resume their sway. Your Honor stands between the past and the future. You may hang these boys; you may hang them by the neck until they are dead. But in doing it you will turn your face toward the past. In

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Has the court any right to consider anything but these two boys? The State says that your Honor has a right to consider the welfare of the community, as you have. If the welfare of the community would be benefited by taking these lives, well and good. I think it would work evil that no one could

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We read of killing one hundred thousand men in a day . We read about it and we rejoiced in it – if it was the other fellows who were killed. We were fed on flesh and drank blood. Even down to the prattling babe. I need not tell you how many upright, honorable young boys have come into this court

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was exposed as a fabrication when Leopold's chauffeur told police that he was repairing Leopold's car while the men claimed to be using it. The chauffeur's wife confirmed that the car was parked in the Leopold garage on the afternoon of the murder. The destroyed typewriter was recovered from the

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and murdering a younger adolescent as their perfect crime. They spent seven months planning everything, from the method of abduction to the disposal of the body. To obfuscate the actual nature of their crime and their motive for it, they decided to make a ransom demand, and they also devised an

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in 1865, crimes of this sort increased, marvelously. No one needs to tell me that crime has no cause. It has as definite a cause as any other disease, and I know that out of the hatred and bitterness of the Civil War crime increased as America had never seen before. I know that Europe is going

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This terrible crime was inherent in his organism, and it came from some ancestor. Is any blame attached because somebody took Nietzsche's philosophy seriously and fashioned his life upon it? It is hardly fair to hang a 19-year-old boy for the philosophy that was taught him at the university.

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Darrow's impassioned, eight-hour-long "masterful plea" at the conclusion of the hearing has been called the finest speech of his career. Its principal arguments were that the methods and punishments of the American justice system were inhumane, and the youth and immaturity of the accused:

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After a lengthy search for a suitable victim, mostly on the grounds of the Harvard School for Boys in the Kenwood area, where Leopold had been educated, the pair decided upon Robert "Bobby" Franks, the 14-year-old son of wealthy Chicago watch manufacturer Jacob Franks. Bobby Franks was an

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Leopold and Loeb were summoned for formal questioning on May 29. They asserted that on the night of the murder, they had picked up two women in Chicago using Leopold's car, then dropped them off some time later near a golf course without learning their last names. Their

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By many accounts, Leopold was sensitive about his appearance. He threw himself into intellectual pursuits where he met with remarkable success. Leopold had studied 15 languages and claimed to speak five fluently. He had achieved a measure of national recognition as an

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Your Honor knows that in this very court crimes of violence have increased growing out of the war. Not necessarily by those who fought but by those that learned that blood was cheap, and human life was cheap, and if the State could take it lightly why not the boy?

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and married a widowed florist, Gertrude (Feldman) Leopold, on February 5, 1961. Judge Ángel M. Umpierre presided over the wedding at a civil ceremony which was held at the Brethren Service Project in Castañer, Puerto Rico. Leopold earned a master's degree at the

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Loeb did strike the fatal blows. Some circumstantial evidence – including testimony from eyewitness Carl Ulvigh, who claimed that he saw Loeb driving and Leopold in the back seat minutes before the kidnapping – suggested that Leopold could have been the killer.

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Darrow's handling of the law as defense counsel has been criticized for hiding psychiatric expert testimony that conflicted with his polemical goals and for relying on an absolute denial of free will, one of the principles legitimizing all criminal punishment.

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and later, they used it to knock their victim unconscious. They also purchased a length of rope; to make sure each of them was equally culpable in the murder, they planned to wrap it around their victim's neck and each pull on one end, strangling him to death.

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him, but he was unharmed while Loeb sustained more than fifty wounds, including defensive wounds on his arms and hands. His throat had been slashed from behind. News accounts suggested that Loeb had propositioned Day; some appeared to praise Day.

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A sexual motive for the killing was suggested. Though several prison officials including the Warden believed that Loeb had been murdered, Day was found not guilty by a jury after a short trial in June 1936. There is no evidence that Loeb was a

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One piece of evidence was a letter written by Leopold claiming that he and Loeb were having a homosexual affair. Both the prosecution and the defense interpreted this information as supportive of their own position. Darrow called a series of

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to lead the defense team. It was rumored that Darrow was paid $ 1 million for his services, but he was actually paid $ 65,000 (equivalent to $ 1,200,000 in 2023). Darrow took the case because he was a staunch opponent of

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of his find the drugstore he and Leopold had tried to send Jacob Franks to, and when asked to describe Bobby he replied: "If I were to murder anybody, it would be just such a cocky little son of a bitch as Bobby Franks."

1056:'s 1985 play, was based on contemporary newspaper accounts of the case, and included an overt portrayal of Leopold and Loeb's sexual relationship. In 2019, the story was fictionally retold again in the third season of 430:), interpreting them as transcendent individuals possessing extraordinary and unusual capabilities, whose superior intellects allowed them to rise above the laws and rules that bound the unimportant, average populace. 2735: 771:

in 1925 for an appendectomy, and Loeb was transferred there in 1930. Once they were reunited, the two of them expanded the prison's school system, adding a high school curriculum and a junior college curriculum.

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through the same experience today; I know it has followed every war; and I know it has influenced these boys so that life was not the same to them as it would have been if the world had not made red with blood.

369:, which threatened the warblers. He maintained his interest in birds after his crime, raising birds in prison and working to help with the struggling Puerto Rican Parrot population after his release on parole. 894:

Best Seller list for 14 weeks, and it received mostly positive reviews, but some accused him of writing the book solely as a means of rehabilitating his public image by ignoring the dark side of his past.

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charged with murder, some saved and some sent to their death, boys who fought in this war and learned to place a cheap value on human life. You know it and I know it. These boys were brought up in it.

594:". Neither claimed to have looked forward to the killing, but Leopold admitted interest in learning what it would feel like to be a murderer. He was disappointed to note that he felt the same as ever. 3229: 730:

humane, the kind and the hopeful, who are gaining an understanding and asking questions not only about these poor boys, but about their own – these will join in no acclaim at the death of my clients.

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would almost certainly end in conviction and the death penalty. Thus, he elected to enter a plea of guilty, hoping to convince Cook County Circuit Court Judge John R. Caverly to impose sentences of

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pathogens and then he was subjected to several experimental malaria treatments. He later wrote that all his good work in prison and after his release was an effort to compensate for his crime.

830:, "Richard Loeb, despite his erudition, today ended his sentence with a proposition", no evidence has been found that this was ever published, and actual copy from that date reads otherwise. 466: 341:

as having spoken his first words at the age of four months and three weeks old. Leopold began his college studies at the University of Michigan, but later returned home to study at the

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lay the book down and wait for the nausea to subside. I felt as I suppose a man would feel if he were exposed stark-naked under a strong spotlight before a large audience."

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ruled against him, holding that Leopold, as the confessed perpetrator of the "crime of the century," could not reasonably argue that any book had injured his reputation.

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The Loeb-Leopold case : with excerpts from the evidence of the alienists and including the arguments to the court by counsel for the people and the defense (1926)

2224: 1934: 3456: 934:, "to aid emotionally disturbed, retarded, or delinquent youths." The State of Illinois voided his charter on grounds that it violated the terms of his parole. 3209: 1657: 3547: 3303: 1458: 2936: 1909: 4076: 2018: 4016: 2463: 2119: 2036: 3578: 2194: 2143: 445:. Breaking into a fraternity house at the University of Michigan, they stole penknives, a camera, and a typewriter that they later used to type the 4006: 3812: 4021: 3981: 2995: 2809: 2546: 2526: 453:, but no one seemed to notice. Disappointed with the absence of media coverage of their crimes, they decided to plan and execute a sensational " 2616: 2425: 2372: 1623: 1515: 660:

The trial, technically an extended sentencing hearing, as their guilty pleas had already been accepted, ran for 32 days. The state's attorney,

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him, profited from his life story and "intermingled fact and fiction to such an extent that they were indistinguishable." Eventually, the

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After 33 years and numerous unsuccessful petitions, Leopold was released on parole on March 13, 1958. The Brethren Service Commission, a

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in a shower room by his fellow inmate James Day; he died in the prison hospital soon afterward. Day claimed that Loeb had attempted to

3601: 767:. Although they were kept apart as much as possible, the two of them managed to maintain their friendship. Leopold was transferred to 3873: 506:, 25 miles (40 km) south of Chicago. After nightfall, they removed and discarded Franks' clothes, then concealed the body in a 3971: 1970: 1483: 1364: 1278: 4001: 3167: 2290: 1601: 1079: 2481: 1718: 1687: 3364: 1994: 1307: 389:'s youngest graduate. Following graduation from Michigan, Loeb enrolled in a few history classes at the University of Chicago. 2254: 838: 4071: 3966: 2761: 2083: 855: 3828: 3141: 3516: 805:, Leopold ridiculed Day's claim that Loeb had attempted to sexually assault him. This was echoed by the prison's Catholic 3842: 979:

Leopold was an active member of the Natural History Society of Puerto Rico, he traveled throughout the island to observe

3513:"'Scream' Screenwriter Kevin Williamson Confirms Billy and Stu's Queer-Coded Relationship Was Based on Real Gay Killers" 2388: 3223: 3135: 1834: 1800: 1560: 1378: 1333: 2216: 1926: 449:

note for their murder victim, Bobby Franks. Emboldened, they progressed to a series of more serious crimes, including

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of being like Leopold and Loeb due to them framing him as a drug addict for the sole purpose of their own enjoyment.

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Richard Albert Loeb was born on June 11, 1905, in Chicago, the third of four sons of Anna Henrietta (née Bohnen) and

3996: 3280: 2639: 809:, a confidant of Loeb's, who said that it was more likely that Day attacked Loeb after Loeb rebuffed his advances. 495: 3487:"Seattle author Micah Nemerever reinvents the story of homicidal duo Leopold and Loeb in 'These Violent Delights'" 3066: 2853: 1649: 987:. While he spoke about his intention to write a book about his life since his release from prison which he titled 4041: 3539: 1211:

with Nathan Leopold. Before it could open, Aguirre-Sacasa was forced to stop the production after being served a

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With the body on the floor of the back seat, out of view, the men drove to their predetermined dumping spot near

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Loeb was not as strictly intellectual as Leopold. He often socialized, played tennis, and read detective novels.

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inherent in him, exempted from the ordinary laws which govern men. He is not liable for anything he may do."

333:, the third son of Florence (née Foreman) and Nathan Leopold Sr., a wealthy German-Jewish immigrant family. A 3866: 3770: 3163: 680:, who offered a catalog of Leopold's and Loeb's abnormalities. One witness testified to their dysfunctional 273:" – hoping to demonstrate superior intellect, which they believed enabled and entitled them to carry out a " 3831:

by Marilyn Bardsley. Crime Library – Courtroom Television Network. Retrieved April 11, 2007.

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Rebain, Erik, "Arrested Adolescence: The Secret Life of Nathan Leopold," Rowman & Littlefield, 2023.

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The Kirtland's warbler : the story of a bird's fight against extinction and the people who saved it

345:. At the time of the murder, he had completed an undergraduate degree at the University of Chicago with 4031: 3935: 2991: 2806: 2623:

by Marilyn Bardsley. Crime Library – Courtroom Television Network, LLC. Retrieved April 11, 2007.

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Nothing but the Night: Leopold and Loeb and the truth behind the murder that rocked 1920s America

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It will take fifty years to wipe it out of the human heart, if ever. I know this, that after the

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across-the-street neighbor of Loeb's who had played tennis at the Loeb residence several times.

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in 1948. A fictionalized version of the events formed the basis of Meyer Levin's 1956 novel

457:" that would garner public attention and confirm their self-perceived status as "supermen". 134: 3940: 3635: 3457:"Stephen Dolginoff Musical Thrill Me: The Leopold & Loeb Story Will Get London Revival" 1170: 1010:

The Franks murder has inspired works of film, theatre and fiction, including the 1929 play

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The pair began asserting their perceived immunity from normal restrictions with acts of

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plus 99 years. Loeb was murdered by a fellow prisoner in 1936. Leopold was released on

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Leopold continued his work after Loeb's death. Despite the fact that he suffered from

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By the time the two men returned to Chicago, word had already spread that Franks was

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Leopold v. Levin, 259 N.E.2d 250, 255–256 (Ill. 1970); Gertz, supra note 48, at 166.

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The Parrots of Luquillo: Natural History and Conservation of the Puerto Rican Parrot

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Later in 1958, Leopold attempted to set up the Leopold Foundation, to be funded by

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in various theatrical and cinematic representations of the Leopold and Loeb case.

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While it was generally assumed that the men's defense would be based on a plea of

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have dropped out of his pocket during a bird-watching trip the previous weekend.

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in 1958. The case has since served as the inspiration for several dramatic works.

3882: 3253:"The Loeb and Leopold Case: A Neglected Source for Richard Wright's "Native Son"" 3172: 3122: 2892: 2813: 2726:"Leopold, Loeb and the Curious Case of the Greatest Newspaper Lead Never Written" 2620: 2550: 2530: 2467: 2392: 2147: 2022: 1998: 1913: 1462: 927: 794: 681: 661: 634: 607: 545: 281: 1407:"DIFFERED IN COLLEGE LIFE.; Loeb Popular at Michigan -- Leopold Shunned Fellows" 3743: 3512: 1204: 1112: 821: 813: 785: 781: 677: 534: 522:, as circumcision was unusual among non-Jews in the United States at the time. 346: 586:

Both Leopold and Loeb admitted that they were driven by their thrill-seeking,

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Leopold and Loeb, who were 19 and 18, respectively, at the time, settled on

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Murder Will Out: Rethinking the Right of Publicity Through One Classic Case

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most of the evidence in the case. Both confessions were announced by the

358: 253:; June 11, 1905 – January 28, 1936), usually referred to collectively as 90: 3822: 3276: 3252: 408:. The Loebs owned a summer estate (the farm part of which is now called 3688:, Carroll & Graf Publishers, 1996. (originally published in 1956). 3643:

For the Thrill of It: Leopold, Loeb and the Murder that Shocked Chicago

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Krum, Morrow (June 2, 1924). "Find U. of C. Co-ed Friend of Leopold".

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tracks north of the lake. To obscure the body's identity, they poured

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Famous American Trials: Illinois v. Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb.

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and made astute observations about the parasitic nesting behavior of

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from Northwestern University Special Collections, Evanston, Illinois

2904:"Leopold, Paroled After 33 Years, Becomes Ill at Shock of Freedom", 1352:

Bowman-Hulbert Psychiatric Report: Nathan Leopold Jr (Report). 1924.

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from Archie comics. The production eventually opened under the name

3602:"Howard's Leopold and Loeb Reference in Better Call Saul Explained" 3211:

Murder Most Queer: The Homicidal Homosexual in the American Theater

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Nathan Freudenthal Leopold Jr. was born on November 19, 1904, in

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Map of the Scene of the Kidnapping and Murder of Bobby Franks.

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on the face and genitals to disguise the fact that he had been

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The two young men grew up with their families in the affluent

3030:. University of Puerto Rico Agricultural Experiment Station. 1520: 1078:(2014), theater scholar Jordan Schildcrout examines changing 797:

while in prison, but Day was later caught at least once in a

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Checklist of the Birds of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

2567:. Cincinnati, Ohio: National Book Co. pp. 178–179, 182. 1279:"Mocavo and Findmypast are coming together – findmypast.com" 3815:

by Douglas Linder. Famous American Trials –

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Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb, Crime of the 20th Century

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from Northwestern University Archives, Evanston, Illinois

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Attorney for the Damned: Clarence Darrow in the Courtroom

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Checklist of Birds of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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Checklist of Birds of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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in the form of absent parenting, and in Leopold's case,

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became a media spectacle and the third – after those of

590:(supermen) delusions, and their aspiration to commit a " 280:

After the two men were arrested, Loeb's family retained

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Arrested Adolescence: The Secret Life of Nathan Leopold

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who kidnapped and murdered 14-year-old Bobby Franks in

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Homicide (from 58 inflicted wounds from a razor attack)

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Other works said to be influenced by the case include

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were arrested. Leopold was particularly fascinated by

2361:. Northwestern University Archives. 1924. p. 16. 1760:"The Perfect Crime: In Love with Murder – Transcript" 1465:

by Douglas O. Linder. 1997. Retrieved April 11, 2007.

2112:"Darrow Will Drop Carefully Reared Insanity Defense" 1927:"Leopold & Loeb kill Bobby Franks – Chicago, IL" 1902: 1900: 1898: 245: 239: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2395:, Prof. Douglas Linder. Retrieved November 1, 2007. 2025:

Northwestern University Retrieved October 30, 2007.

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Northwestern University Retrieved October 30, 2007.

937:In 1959, Leopold sought to block production of the 236: 3304:"Falk Still Gets His Kicks From Alter-ego Columbo" 1961:"Armand S. Deutsch, Hollywood fixture, dies at 92" 544:Chicago police launched a thorough investigation; 3093:"Leopold and Loeb Still Fascinate 90 Years Later" 2011: 2009: 2007: 1895: 381:, a wealthy lawyer and retired vice president of 3953: 3728:(musical, published by Dramatists Play Service) 2924: 2544:University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law 2533:, Prof. Douglas Linder. Retrieved March 7, 2012. 2524:University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law 2461:University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law 1650:"Richard Loeb: UM Alumni Card · Online Exhibits" 2990: (Supreme Court of Illinois 1970), 1955: 395: 3782: 3365:"Reopening the Case Files of Leopold and Loeb" 2291:"Two Rich Mens' Sons Confess to Franks Murder" 2004: 898: 780:On January 28, 1936, Loeb was attacked with a 3867: 2141:The Glasses: The Key Link to Leopold and Loeb 3162: 2664:Leopold, Loeb & The Crime of the Century 2652:Leopold, Loeb & The Crime of the Century 2346:Leopold, Loeb & The Crime of the Century 2037:"Leopold & Loeb – Enter Clarence Darrow" 974:University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine 833: 3817:Illinois v. Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb 3207: 2724:Farrell, John Aloysius (December 1, 2009). 2442:. Simon & Schuster (1957), pp. 17–18. 1308:Homicide in Chicago 1924 Leopold & Loeb 1101:episode "Columbo Goes To College" (1990), 613:The trial of Leopold and Loeb at Chicago's 3874: 3860: 3657:Leopold and Loeb: The Crime of the Century 3086: 3084: 2633:Leopold and Loeb: The Crime of the Century 2589: 2580:, University of Illinois, October 28, 1924 2424:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2409: 2371:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2058:Leopold and Loeb: The Crime of the Century 1754: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1580:. United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 1456:The Leopold and Loeb Trial:A Brief Account 1366:Leopold and Loeb: The Crime of the Century 226:(November 19, 1904 – August 29, 1971) and 133: 42: 4077:Violence against men in the United States 3754:. University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras. 2876: 2874: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2601: 1509: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1501: 1451: 1449: 1447: 460: 4017:American people of German-Jewish descent 3785:"Inside Facts on the Leopold-Loeb Crime" 3362: 2479: 2410:Geis, Gilbert; Bienen, Leigh B. (1998). 1816: 1814: 1812: 1795:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 22. 1711:"The Leopold And Loeb Trial: An Account" 1445: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1437: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1427: 902: 837: 763:Leopold and Loeb were initially held in 754: 601: 524: 464: 4007:American people convicted of kidnapping 3839: – main site/CD ordering 3599: 3467:from the original on September 30, 2021 3454: 3436:from the original on September 30, 2021 3406:from the original on September 30, 2021 3396:"Murder by Numbers movie review (2002)" 3344:from the original on September 30, 2021 3314:from the original on September 30, 2021 3283:from the original on September 30, 2021 3099:from the original on September 29, 2017 3090: 3081: 3025: 2723: 2405: 2403: 2401: 1733: 349:honors and planned to begin studies at 14: 4022:People convicted of murder by Illinois 3982:1920s kidnappings in the United States 3954: 3375:from the original on November 27, 2021 3250: 2871: 2859:from the original on December 28, 2023 2829:(1958). New York: Doubleday & Co. 2708: 2598: 2562: 2556: 2492:from the original on December 25, 2023 2480:Hardwick, Courtney (August 30, 2021). 2386:JURIST – The Trial of Leopold and Loeb 2307:from the original on December 27, 2021 1848: 1846: 1790: 1660:from the original on November 20, 2023 1575: 1498: 1476:"Nathan F. Leopold, Jr. (1904 - 1971)" 1362: 1002:on August 29, 1971, at the age of 66. 858:. He was deliberately inoculated with 3855: 3550:from the original on January 30, 2024 3519:from the original on January 15, 2022 3493:from the original on October 26, 2023 3393: 3117: 2917:"The Companionship, the Acceptance." 2906:Rochester (NY) Democrat and Chronicle 2847:"The New York Times Best Seller List" 2777: 2197:from the original on December 1, 2017 1820: 1809: 1690:from the original on January 29, 2023 1546: 1486:from the original on January 29, 2023 1424: 1162:Thrill Me: The Leopold and Loeb Story 1005: 944:on the grounds that Levin's book had 856:Stateville Penitentiary Malaria Study 759:Leopold (top) and Loeb (bottom), 1924 3844:Thrill Me:The Leopold and Loeb Story 3836:Thrill Me:The Leopold and Loeb Story 3719:Dolginoff, Stephen (author/composer) 3301: 3232:from the original on August 18, 2021 3180:from the original on August 30, 2013 3144:from the original on August 18, 2021 2542:Darrow's summation for the defense. 2398: 2122:from the original on August 18, 2021 2095: 2034: 1937:from the original on October 3, 2018 1604:from the original on January 2, 2013 1513: 1387:from the original on August 18, 2021 1347: 1345: 1319: 1203:wrote an unauthorized play in which 257:, were two American students at the 4012:American people convicted of murder 3881: 3069:from the original on April 18, 2015 2689: 2150:UMKC Law. Retrieved April 11, 2007. 1865:from the original on April 28, 2018 1852: 1843: 1772:from the original on April 16, 2018 1289:from the original on March 23, 2016 1226:" from American crime drama series 1065:The case is referenced in the play 412:and is a popular wedding venue) in 24: 4047:Incidents of violence against boys 3581:from the original on June 17, 2021 3568: 3537: 3455:Shenton, Mark (January 15, 2015). 3363:Lybarger, Jeremy (July 26, 2018). 3091:Hinkson, Jake (October 19, 2012). 2782:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 2738:from the original on June 26, 2019 2590:King, Greg; Wilson, Penny (2022). 2257:from the original on June 18, 2018 1973:from the original on April 2, 2015 1855:"Leopold and Loeb's Perfect Crime" 1721:from the original on March 4, 2022 1708: 1584: 1222:In the season six episode titled " 1151:episode "Big Murderer On Campus", 687: 25: 4088: 3977:1924 murders in the United States 3759: 3705:(play), Samuel French, Inc., 1987 2359:Joint Report of All Psychiatrists 2227:from the original on May 29, 2019 1853:Noe, Denise (February 29, 2004). 1342: 812:Several weeks after the killing, 320: 3813:Leopold and Loeb Trial Home Page 3766:Northwestern University Archives 3648:Baatz, Simon. "Criminal Minds," 3426:"Graphic Novelist Daniel Clowes" 3302:King, Susan (December 8, 1990). 2694:. Poynter Online. Archived from 2077:Chronicle of 20th Century Murder 1322:Chronicle of 20th Century Murder 722:life's hopes crumble into dust. 647:not guilty by reason of insanity 232: 3972:20th-century American criminals 3623: 3593: 3562: 3531: 3505: 3479: 3448: 3418: 3394:Ebert, Roger (April 19, 2002). 3387: 3356: 3326: 3295: 3244: 3201: 3192: 3156: 3111: 3051: 3042: 3019: 3010: 3001: 2979: 2967: 2955: 2911: 2898: 2839: 2819: 2796: 2771: 2750: 2717: 2713:. Follett Pub. Co. p. 344. 2702: 2683: 2669: 2657: 2645: 2626: 2583: 2571: 2536: 2516: 2504: 2473: 2453: 2432: 2379: 2351: 2339: 2319: 2283: 2269: 2239: 2209: 2179: 2167: 2153: 2134: 2104: 2089: 2070: 2051: 2028: 1985: 1949: 1919: 1886: 1877: 1784: 1702: 1672: 1642: 1616: 1569: 1540: 799:sexual act with a fellow inmate 775: 750: 372: 27:American kidnapper-murderer duo 4002:American murderers of children 3823:The Loeb and Leopold Wordpress 3783:Charles DeLacy (August 1930). 3726:: The Leopold & Loeb Story 3600:Fogarty, Paul (May 24, 2022). 2939:. Law.umkc.edu. Archived from 2895:. Retrieved February 11, 2015. 2711:The madhouse on Madison Street 1907:Statement of Nathan F. Leopold 1468: 1399: 1356: 1313: 1301: 1271: 1254:Brian Draper and Torey Adamcik 1080:attitudes toward homosexuality 824:had previously written in the 337:, Leopold was recorded in his 315: 224:Nathan Freudenthal Leopold Jr. 58:Nathan Freudenthal Leopold Jr. 13: 1: 3777:"Leopold and Loeb Collection" 3739:Morita, Yoshimitsu (director) 3571:"Theater Review - Arch humor" 2803:In Nathan Leopold's Own Words 2709:Murray, Jesse George (1965). 1259: 739:later, Loeb's father died of 726:in this general bereavement? 569: 304:. Both men were sentenced to 213:Life + 99 years' imprisonment 113:Life + 99 years' imprisonment 4072:University of Chicago alumni 3967:20th-century American trials 3216:University of Michigan Press 3208:Schildcrout, Jordan (2014). 3026:Leopold, Nathan Jr. (1963). 2816:. Retrieved August 1, 2014. 2731:U.S. News & World Report 2690:Ink, Dr. (August 23, 2002). 2565:World's greatest court trial 2563:Scopes, John Thomas (1925). 2553:. Retrieved August 22, 2014. 2470:. Retrieved August 22, 2014. 2118:. July 27, 1924. p. 1. 2001:. Retrieved August 22, 2014. 1680:"Richard Loeb (1905 - 1936)" 1553:University of Michigan Press 1371:University of Illinois Press 1264: 396:Adolescence and early crimes 383:Sears, Roebuck & Company 7: 2760:(1975). New York: Putnams. 2329:. Doubleday (1958), p. 66. 2280:, September 10, 1924, p. 3. 1247: 1121:and the 2008 International 899:Leopold's post-prison years 865:In the early 1950s, author 10: 4093: 3936:Patrick Eugene Prendergast 3902: 3308:Greensboro News and Record 2886:Rutgers Law Review archive 2778:Levin, M. (May 21, 1996). 2613:Life & Death In Prison 1892:Higdon (1975), pp. 150–154 875:, was published in 1956. 649:, Darrow concluded that a 615:Cook County Criminal Court 424:'s concept of "supermen" ( 404:neighborhood on Chicago's 284:as lead counsel for their 3930: 3889: 3848:from York Theatre Company 2919:The Brethren Encyclopedia 2529:October 11, 2018, at the 2459:Darrow's plea of guilty. 2391:November 3, 2010, at the 2016:Statement of Richard Loeb 1395:– via Google Books. 991:, he never completed it. 966:University of Puerto Rico 882:Leopold's autobiography, 834:Leopold's years in prison 217: 209: 201: 197: 189: 170: 144: 132: 125: 117: 109: 101: 97: 79: 53: 41: 34: 3790:True Detective Mysteries 3771:Harold S. Hulbert Papers 3652:39 (August 2008): 70–79. 3634:, 1958 (Introduction by 2987:Leopold v. Levin, et al. 2812:January 1, 2018, at the 2758:The Crime of the Century 2549:October 6, 2018, at the 2466:January 1, 2018, at the 1592:"Richard Loeb biography" 1310:Retrieved July 18, 2015. 1217:Weird Comic Book Fantasy 1048:by Mary-Carter Roberts. 1024:television in 1939, and 983:. In 1963, he published 801:. In his autobiography, 597: 353:after a trip to Europe. 277:" without consequences. 3997:American male criminals 3931:Other cases represented 3257:African American Review 3251:Butler, Robert (2005). 3095:. criminalelement.com. 2619:March 30, 2007, at the 2348:, by Hal Higdon, p. 319 2299:. St. Petersburg, Fla. 2296:The Evening Independent 2116:The Sunday Morning Star 1551:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: 1547:Rapai, William (2012). 1461:March 15, 2007, at the 1369:. Champaign, Illinois: 1209:homosexual relationship 1139:'s 2005 graphic novel 844:Stateville Penitentiary 769:Stateville Penitentiary 4042:Criminals from Chicago 3645:(HarperCollins, 2008). 3489:. September 11, 2020. 3166:(September 22, 1995). 2976:, July 16, 1958, p. 23 2021:March 4, 2016, at the 1912:March 3, 2016, at the 1201:Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa 1193:Chief Creative Officer 1191:Prior to becoming the 1167:These Violent Delights 1115:'s 1997 Austrian film 954:Illinois Supreme Court 913:Church of the Brethren 908: 907:Nathan Leopold in 1958 890:. His book was on the 847: 760: 736: 610: 530: 470: 461:Murder of Bobby Franks 387:University of Michigan 302:transformative justice 48:Leopold in August 1924 3809:stored on Archive.org 3670:Kalin, Tom (director) 3164:Christiansen, Richard 3048:Higdon (1975), p. 361 3016:Higdon (1975), p. 332 2974:Chicago Daily Tribune 2921:. Vol. 2 1983. Print. 2908:, March 14, 1958, p.1 2891:July 7, 2010, at the 2594:. St. Martin's Press. 2412:Crimes of the Century 2253:. November 18, 2015. 2191:www.crimearchives.net 2047:on February 10, 2015. 1997:June 2, 2021, at the 1883:Higdon (1975), p. 151 1821:Baatz, Simon (2009). 1791:Rebain, Erik (2023). 1597:The Biography Channel 1576:Snyder, Noel (1987). 1042:Nothing but the Night 1030:film of the same name 906: 841: 758: 695: 625:– to be labeled "the 605: 528: 512:Pennsylvania Railroad 468: 367:brown-headed cowbirds 343:University of Chicago 259:University of Chicago 3941:Barmore v. Robertson 3750:Leopold, N.F. 1963. 3699:Logan, John (author) 3650:Smithsonian Magazine 3636:Erle Stanley Gardner 3515:. January 12, 2022. 2698:on October 22, 2013. 2513:, September 10, 1924 2511:Urbana Daily Courier 2247:"Leopold & Loeb" 2174:Urbana Daily Courier 2146:May 5, 2007, at the 1823:For the Thrill of It 1363:Higdon, Hal (1975). 1328:. pp. 106–107. 1320:Lane, Brian (1995). 1165:, Micah Nemerever's 627:trial of the century 414:Charlevoix, Michigan 271:crime of the century 3938:'s appeals (1894); 3630:Leopold, Nathan F. 3129:Samuel French, Inc. 2943:on February 3, 2011 2680:, February 19, 1936 2438:Weinberg, A (ed.). 2098:The Chicago Tribune 2035:Bardsley, Marilyn. 1959:(August 18, 2005). 1514:Bardsley, Marilyn. 1046:Little Brother Fate 1044:by James Yaffe and 946:invaded his privacy 564:Jackson Park Lagoon 422:Friedrich Nietzsche 363:Kirtland's warblers 228:Richard Albert Loeb 190:Cause of death 149:Richard Albert Loeb 139:Loeb in August 1924 4067:Trials in Illinois 3632:Life plus 99 Years 3544:www.refinery29.com 2998:from the original. 2964:; May 29, 1958; p9 2937:"E-mailed comment" 2827:Life Plus 99 Years 2327:Life Plus 99 Years 2277:Chicago Daily News 2176:, October 28, 1924 2161:Chicago Daily News 1966:The New York Times 1768:. April 10, 2018. 1654:apps.lib.umich.edu 1624:"Leopold and Loeb" 1411:The New York Times 1224:Plan and Execution 1006:In popular culture 994:Leopold died of a 932:Life Plus 99 Years 909: 884:Life Plus 99 Years 848: 827:Chicago Daily News 803:Life Plus 99 Years 761: 640:capital punishment 623:Sacco and Vanzetti 611: 531: 471: 351:Harvard Law School 294:capital punishment 205:Murder, kidnapping 105:Murder, kidnapping 4032:Crimes in Chicago 3949: 3948: 3897:McNamara brothers 3538:Reilly, Kaitlin. 2084:978-0-425-14649-1 1709:Linder, Douglas. 1684:famous-trials.com 1480:famous-trials.com 1182:In the WB series 1153:Stephen Dolginoff 1148:Murdoch Mysteries 1132:Murder by Numbers 1076:Murder Most Queer 959:Leopold moved to 818:syndicated column 672:by a governess. 666:childhood neglect 655:life imprisonment 606:Defense attorney 516:hydrochloric acid 379:Albert Henry Loeb 306:life imprisonment 221: 220: 121: 120: 68:November 19, 1904 16:(Redirected from 4084: 4062:Same-sex couples 4037:Criminal couples 3992:American gay men 3987:1920s in Chicago 3962:Leopold and Loeb 3903:Leopold and Loeb 3876: 3869: 3862: 3853: 3852: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3703:Never the Sinner 3617: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3597: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3575:Creative Loafing 3566: 3560: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3535: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3509: 3503: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3483: 3477: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3452: 3446: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3391: 3385: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3369:The Paris Review 3360: 3354: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3330: 3324: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3299: 3293: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3248: 3242: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3205: 3199: 3196: 3190: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3160: 3154: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3124:Never the Sinner 3115: 3109: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3088: 3079: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3055: 3049: 3046: 3040: 3039: 3023: 3017: 3014: 3008: 3005: 2999: 2989: 2983: 2977: 2971: 2965: 2959: 2953: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2933: 2922: 2915: 2909: 2902: 2896: 2878: 2869: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2858: 2852:. 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Crowe 635:Clarence Darrow 608:Clarence Darrow 600: 572: 529:The ransom note 463: 398: 375: 323: 318: 282:Clarence Darrow 235: 231: 202:Criminal charge 185: 179: 175: 166: 160: 154: 152: 151: 150: 140: 128: 102:Criminal charge 93: 88: 84: 83:August 29, 1971 75: 69: 63: 61: 60: 59: 49: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4090: 4080: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4052:Male murderers 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3947: 3946: 3934: 3932: 3928: 3927: 3925: 3924: 3918: 3912: 3906: 3900: 3893: 3891: 3887: 3886: 3879: 3878: 3871: 3864: 3856: 3850: 3849: 3840: 3832: 3826: 3825:by Erik Rebain 3820: 3810: 3802: 3780: 3774: 3768: 3761: 3760:External links 3758: 3756: 3755: 3748: 3744:Copycat Killer 3736: 3716: 3706: 3696: 3679: 3667: 3653: 3646: 3641:Baatz, Simon. 3639: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3618: 3592: 3569:Holman, Curt. 3561: 3530: 3504: 3478: 3447: 3417: 3386: 3355: 3338:The New Yorker 3325: 3294: 3263:(4): 555–567. 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