143:
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319:, the covenantors would allow their blood to drip into a cup; the blood was subsequently mixed with wine and drunk by both participants. Every man was limited to having three blood brotherhoods at any time lest his loyalties be distrusted. As a consequence, blood brotherhood was highly sought after and often preceded by a lengthy period of affiliation and friendship (
515:, literally "one blood") were ancient rituals that were intended to seal a friendship or treaty or to validate an agreement. They were described in the records of the early Spanish and Portuguese explorers to the islands. The most well-known version of the ritual from the
978:(the Bull Demon King) and several other demon leaders, but later on this brother relationship was forgotten because of a conflict that occurred involving the bull demon's son that caused other problems for Wukong. Wukong also mentions being sworn brothers with
1190:
1189:(Inventory 2, K.12h). Rostoftzeff identified the scene with the Scythain sacred oath described in Herodotus 4.70. Fourth century BC. 5 × 3.7 cm, 28.35 gr."; see also "Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine",
961:
that despite not being born on the same day, their sworn brotherhood would end with them dying on the same day. Histories only mention that the three men were "close like brothers".
385:, by sacrificing a black ox and a white horse and by swearing faith. Other blood oaths involving animal sacrifice were characteristic of rebel groups, such as the uprising led by
975:
215:) involved a rite in which they let their blood flow while they ducked underneath an arch formed by a strip of turf propped up by a spear or spears. An example is described in
774:
were childhood friends and blood brothers, although
Jamukha later betrayed Temüjin. Jamukha refused reconciliation and thus was executed at orders of Temüjin.
248:
to a draw, entered a foster brotherhood with him by the turf-raising ritual. Afterwards, the strand of turf was put back during oaths and incantations.
227:, the bond of Thorgeir Havarsson (Þorgeir Hávarsson) and Thormod Bersason (Þormóð Bersason) is sealed by such ritual as well, the ritual being called a
1410:
Bilby, Kenneth (1997). "Swearing by the Past, Swearing to the Future: Sacred Oaths, Alliances, and
Treaties among the Guianese and Jamaican Maroons".
821:
539:
is famous for having become blood brothers with numerous
African chiefs as part of his political policy in Africa. A powerful blood brother was the
813:
740:
of
England were known as blood brothers. It was said they had agreed beforehand to share profits of this adventure. Both survived the
563:, where, for example, whole companies of soldiers would become one family through the ceremony. It was perhaps most prevalent in the
177:, and then the two cuts are pressed together and bound, the idea being that each person's blood now flows in the other participant's
1358:
519:
involves mixing a drop of blood from both parties into a single cup of wine that is then drunk. Other versions also exist, like in
641:
Church. The tradition of intertwining arms and drinking wine is also believed to be a representation of becoming blood brothers.
1800:
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1508:
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571:, as it helped the oppressed people to fight the enemy more effectively. Blood brotherhoods were common in what is today
188:. The process usually provides a participant with a heightened symbolic sense of attachment with the other participant.
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129:
89:
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Pigafetta, Antonio (1906). "Primo
Viaggio Intorno Al Mondo". In Emma Helen Blair; James Alexander Robertson (eds.).
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which describes a ritual involving making a cut on the chest and then daubing the blood on the tongue and forehead.
1266:
Secret
Societies Reconsidered: Perspectives on the social history of early modern south China and southeast Asia
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Secret
Societies Reconsidered: Perspectives on the social history of early modern south China and southeast Asia
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relationship for bringing about alliance between tribes. It was practiced for that reason most notably by the
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377:
425:("to take an oath"), derived from the "ancient test by poison". The Turkic term, if it's not a loanword in
344:
had a similar ceremony, but the wine was often replaced with milk so that the blood would be more visible.
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78:
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Triad
Societies: Western Accounts of the History, Sociology and Linguistics of Chinese Secret Societies
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who have sworn loyalty to each other. This is in modern times usually done in a ceremony, known as a
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382:
211:
1329:
1232:"Chinese Hui and the early modern social order: Evidence from eighteenth-century southeast China"
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381:, the Chinese classical literature, the three main characters took an oath of blood brother, the
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Greco-Scythian Art and the Birth of
Eurasia: From Classical Antiquity to Russian Modernity
1123:. Mildmay, C. E. St. John (illustrator). Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas. 1866. pp.
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The blood oath was used in much the same fashion as has already been described in much of
8:
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1363:(Outlook Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 2018 ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
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Myth, Identity, and
Conflict: A Comparative Analysis of Romanian and Serbian Textbooks
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329:). The 4th-century BC depictions of two Scythian warriors drinking from a single
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was considered a blood brother of Amituanai Anoaʻi, father of fellow wrestlers
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Nomads and Their Neighbours in the Russian Steppe: Turks, Khazars and Qipchaqs
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War and Society in East Central Europe: The first Serbian uprising 1804-1813
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173:, where each person makes a small cut, usually on a finger, hand or the
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679: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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418:
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Verbal Encounters: Anglo-Saxon and Old Norse Studies for Roberta Frank
896:, who regard Peter as their uncle. Thus, from that time onwards, the
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also recognized sworn brotherhood in a ceremony, which was known as
337:) have been associated with the Scythian oath of blood brotherhood.
45:
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reportedly drank each other's blood when conducting peace treaties.
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and elsewhere, then worked together on various projects such as
1456:Српске задужбине Фрушкогорски манастири: Fruškogorski manastiri
1062:, in that case as opposed to adoptive, step or foster brothers.
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bids a last farewell to his blood brother, the Swedish warrior
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The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898, Volume XXXIII, 1519-1522
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Scythian gold statuette depicting the ritual of brotherhood
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304:
300:
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Blood brothers among larger groups were common in ancient
1670:
1459:. тисак закладе тискаре "Народних новина". p. 173.
240:
contains another notable account of blood brotherhood.
1704:. Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva. p. 55.
1542:
The Revolt of the Serbs Against the Turks: (1804–1813)
982:. Erlang has six other sworn brothers from Plum Hill.
389:
in the 1440s, of criminal organizations, such as the
1623:. Central European University Press. pp. 192–.
1058:
The term "blood brother" may also refer to brothers
1037:
The characters Edward Lyons and Mickey Johnstone in
26:"Sworn brother" redirects here. For other uses, see
777:In the 18th century AD, emissaries of British King
70:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
33:"Blood Covenant" redirects here. For the band, see
1701:Prilog istoriji razvoja srpskog junačkog pesništva
1691:
1582:
1347:www.philippinecountry.com Retrieved December 2006.
1599:
1545:. Cambridge University Press. 2012. p. 112.
1497:Béla K. Király; Gunther Erich Rothenberg (1982).
1264:. In Ownby, David; Somers Heidhues, Mary (eds.).
1234:. In Ownby, David; Somers Heidhues, Mary (eds.).
1772:
1671:Anamaria Dutceac Segesten (16 September 2011).
1620:The Road to War in Serbia: Trauma and Catharsis
1312:
808:(1780–1813) and Giorgakis Olympios; commanders
165:can refer to two or more people not related by
16:Male not related by birth who has sworn loyalty
1476:. University of California Press. p. 36.
1473:The Greek Struggle for Independence, 1821–1833
551:wrote of a similar practice called 'Kasendi'.
244:, after fighting the renowned Swedish warrior
1643:
1616:
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974:(the Monkey King) became blood brothers with
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1647:Prince Marko: The Hero of South Slavic Epics
1452:
1094:, University of Toronto Press, p. 278,
763:(later ally of Temüjin) were blood brothers.
291:, which is marked by the "Blood Brotherhood
1650:. Syracuse University Press. pp. 26–.
1637:
1529:. Jonathan Cape Limited. 1928. p. 183.
1389:
925:are famously stated to have mixed blood in
800:(1762–1842); Karađorđe and Greek volunteer
755:In the 12th century AD, the Mongol leaders
713:In the 9th century AD, chiefs of the seven
1610:
1327:
695:Learn how and when to remove this message
295:". Additionally, it is briefly stated in
205:entering the pact of foster brotherhood (
130:Learn how and when to remove this message
1356:
1251:
1158:, Boydell & Brewer Ltd, p. 27,
989:, there are several blood brotherhoods.
957:, these three men swore in their famous
736:, two Norman knights taking part in the
644:
452:
141:
1503:. Brooklyn College Press. p. 382.
1151:
1773:
1698:Asmus Soerensen; Marija Kleut (1999).
1209:. Vol. 5. Routledge. p. 19.
1113:
554:
333:(most notably in a gold appliqué from
1526:The Slavonic and East European Review
1409:
1229:
1202:
1082:
997:and Ivan Kosančić, Miloš Obilić with
535:. The British colonial administrator
526:
1045:
907:line as extension of their own clan.
677:adding citations to reliable sources
648:
397:, and other East Asians such as the
68:adding citations to reliable sources
39:
1724:
1155:The Origins of Drama in Scandinavia
13:
1677:. Lexington Books. pp. 208–.
1345:Sandugo Festival Bohol Philippines
14:
1817:
462:, a romanticized painting of the
1203:Wynne, Mervyn Llewelyn (2000) .
719:drinking from each other's blood
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1317:. Ashgate/Variorum. p. 82.
1252:ter Haar, Barend (2016-09-16).
874:were said to be blood brothers.
664:needs additional citations for
55:needs additional citations for
1617:Nebojša Popov (January 2000).
1606:. Narodna knjiga. p. 138.
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184:The act carries a risk due to
28:Sworn brother (disambiguation)
21:Blood brother (disambiguation)
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1801:Traditions involving siblings
1569:Milan Obrenović: kralj Srbije
1116:The Story of Gisli the Outlaw
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1017:
950:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
707:
378:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
281:, the concluding part of his
267:when he married their sister
263:became the blood brothers of
1088:"Claiming Kin Skaldic-Style"
831:Blood brothers in the later
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1781:Interpersonal relationships
1583:Vukadin Sretenović (1990).
1230:Ownby, David (2016-09-16).
911:
196:
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10:
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1751:"Blood Brothers (musical)"
1600:Gavrilo Kovijanić (1986).
1589:. NIGP "Glas". p. 55.
1572:. V. Karadžić. p. 67.
1357:Trumbull, H. Clay (1885).
1334:. Arthur H. Clark Company.
1268:. Routledge. p. 155.
947:. In the historical novel
796:(1762–1817) and commander
622:
446:
440:
310:
32:
25:
18:
1603:Tragom čitališta u Srbiji
1238:. Routledge. p. 46.
882:"High Chief" Peter Maivia
864:Greek War of Independence
857:Stevan Vladislav Kaćanski
635:ordo ad fratres faciendum
612:
417:. The term also exist in
1313:Peter B. Golden (2003).
1260:Heaven and Earth Society
1256:Heaven and Earth Society
1001:, Miloš Obilić with the
959:Oath of the Peach Garden
792:(1804–17): rebel leader
759:(father of Temüjin) and
744:, were granted lands in
383:Oath of the Peach Garden
1294:Encyclopedia Britannica
1152:Gunnell, Terry (1995),
804:(1772–1821); commander
477:Miguel López de Legazpi
429:, is related to Mongol
1644:Tanya Popovic (1988).
1566:Dušan Baranin (1977).
1470:Douglas Dakin (1973).
1137:: CS1 maint: others (
833:Principality of Serbia
788:Blood brothers in the
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146:The Norwegian warrior
1453:Бошко Стрика (1927).
645:Famous blood brothers
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35:Blood Covenant (band)
1390:Anonymus (c. 1200).
1254:"Messianism and the
964:In the Chinese tale
673:improve this article
307:are blood brothers.
251:In the mythology of
186:blood-borne diseases
64:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
1121:George Webbe Dasent
987:Serbian epic poetry
967:Journey to the West
781:and leaders of the
717:formed an alliance
561:Southeastern Europe
555:Southeastern Europe
471:ritual between the
1725:May, Karl (1878).
1360:The Blood Covenant
1041:'s Blood Brothers.
892:Anoaʻi, renown as
868:Nikolaos Kriezotis
802:Giorgakis Olympios
790:Serbian Revolution
750:Wallingford Castle
742:Battle of Hastings
533:Sub-Saharan Africa
527:Sub-Saharan Africa
497:
459:El Pacto de Sangre
393:or the pirates of
160:
156:Mårten Eskil Winge
1684:978-0-7391-4865-5
1657:978-0-8156-2444-8
1630:978-963-9116-56-6
1552:978-1-107-67606-0
1510:978-0-930888-15-2
1483:978-0-520-02342-0
1046:Explanatory notes
866:(1821–30), Greek
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870:and Montenegrin
855:(1832–1878) and
847:(1836–1901) and
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843:(1837–1897);
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822:Miloš Pocerac
820:(1779–1833),
819:
816:; commanders
815:
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1757:, 2022-11-02
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991:Miloš Obilić
965:
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926:
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898:
859:(1829–1890).
849:Kosta Protić
828:(1758–1813).
818:Cincar-Janko
810:Stojan Čupić
768:Genghis Khan
734:Roger d'Ivry
721:, and chose
691:
682:
671:Please help
666:verification
663:
623:pobratimstvo
605:Christianity
558:
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57:verification
54:
1586:Kralj Milan
980:Erlang Shen
927:days of old
903:regard the
853:Đura Jakšić
746:Oxfordshire
569:Ottoman era
567:during the
537:Lord Lugard
501:Philippines
489:Philippines
437:Philippines
395:Lin Daoqian
120:August 2015
1775:Categories
1761:2022-11-28
1376:2019-10-19
1299:2018-11-29
1070:References
1018:Literature
976:Niu Mowang
972:Sun Wukong
845:Aćim Čumić
779:George III
725:as leader.
708:Historical
593:Montenegro
543:chieftain
447:See also:
419:Old Turkic
387:Deng Maoqi
315:Among the
284:Ring Cycle
242:Örvar-Oddr
236:Örvar-Oddr
218:Gísla saga
171:blood oath
148:Örvar-Oddr
90:newspapers
1755:Knowledge
1432:0014-1801
1133:cite book
1005:, Despot
945:Zhang Fei
931:Lokasenna
835:: Prince
794:Karađorđe
766:Temüjin (
728:In 1066,
513:sanduguan
493:Juan Luna
475:explorer
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348:East Asia
317:Scythians
297:Lokasenna
293:Leitmotiv
289:Siegfried
275:'s opera
207:Icelandic
1796:Brothers
1727:Winnetou
1086:(2005),
1032:Karl May
1024:Winnetou
912:Folklore
879:wrestler
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639:Catholic
581:Bulgaria
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203:Norsemen
197:Germanic
192:Cultures
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937:Liu Bei
877:Samoan
862:In the
772:Jamukha
761:Toghrul
637:in the
625:in the
585:Croatia
573:Albania
565:Balkans
521:Palawan
509:sandugo
499:In the
473:Spanish
465:Sandugo
449:Sandugo
415:Jamukha
413:called
409:had an
399:Mongols
362:Mongols
342:hajduks
335:Kul-Oba
326:Toxaris
311:Scythia
257:Gunther
246:Hjalmar
238:'s saga
175:forearm
158:(1866).
152:Hjalmar
104:scholar
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358:tribal
321:Lucian
273:Wagner
269:Gudrun
265:Sigurd
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1806:Honor
1791:Blood
1436:JSTOR
1397:(PDF)
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