111:. Coal, once exposed to the air of a mine, naturally begins absorbing oxygen and exuding carbon dioxide and water vapor. The amount of blackdamp exuded by a mine varies based on a number of factors, including the temperature (coal releases more carbon dioxide in the warmer months), the amount of exposed coal, and the type of coal, although all mines with exposed coal produce gas.
190:. The safety lamp is merely a specially designed lantern with a flame that is designed to automatically extinguish itself at an oxygen concentration of approximately 18% (normal atmospheric concentration of oxygen is c. 21%). This low detection threshold gives miners an unmistakable warning and allows them to escape before any potentially incapacitating effects are felt.
139:). Many of the initial symptoms of oxygen deprivation (dizziness, light-headedness, drowsiness and poor coordination) are relatively innocuous and can easily be mistaken for simple fatigue, given the physically strenuous job of coal mining. The time between the onset of initial symptoms and the start of frank
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The meaning of "damp" in this term, while most commonly understood to imply humidity, presents evidence of having been separated from that newer, irrelevant meaning at least by the first decade of the 18th century, where the original relevant meaning of "vapor" derives from a Proto-Germanic origin,
167:, when 204 men and boys were trapped when the beam of an engine suddenly broke and fell down the single shaft, damaging the ventilation system and blocking it with debris. Despite rescuers' efforts, they could not be reached before they suffocated in the blackdamp atmosphere.
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In addition to the danger inside the mine, blackdamp can be "exhaled" in large quantities from mines (especially long-abandoned coal mines with few outlets for escaping gas) during sudden changes in atmospheric pressure, potentially causing asphyxiation on the surface.
143:(and rapid unconsciousness) can be as short as seconds. Thus, if the warning signs are missed, a large number of miners can be rapidly incapacitated in the same short period of time, leaving no one to summon help.
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content of air to a level incapable of sustaining human or animal life. It is not a single gas but a mixture of unbreathable gases left after oxygen is removed from the air and typically consists of
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Blackdamp is encountered in enclosed environments such as mines, sewers, wells, tunnels and ships' holds. It occurs with particular frequency in abandoned or poorly ventilated
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In active mining operations, the threat from blackdamp is addressed with proper mineshaft ventilation as well as various detection methods, typically using
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of stinkdamp), is constantly being reintroduced to the air (instead of being released in pockets from actively mined sections), and does not require
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The gas mixture has been responsible for many deaths among underground workers, especially miners—for example, the
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Harper, D. (n.d.). Etymology of fire-damp. Online
Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved January 6, 2022, from
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Modern flame safety lamp used in mines, manufactured by
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Mixture of gases present in mines and other confined spaces.
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Blackdamp is considered a particularly pernicious type of
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http://www.healeyhero.co.uk/rescue/glossary/blackd.htm
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was used as an early warning against carbon monoxide.
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129:combustion
109:coal mines
60:stink damp
56:white damp
32:asphyxiant
28:choke damp
392:Whitedamp
387:Stinkdamp
377:Blackdamp
372:Afterdamp
362:in mining
244:this link
220:Afterdamp
215:Stinkdamp
210:Whitedamp
151:Disasters
137:afterdamp
133:whitedamp
70:Etymology
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52:fire damp
20:Blackdamp
446:Nitrogen
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194:See also
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115:Hazards
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200:Mazuku
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451:Gases
360:Damps
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