Black-footed ferret

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was overlapped by a resident male that occupied 337.5 acres (137 ha) during the same period. The average density of black-footed ferrets near Meeteetse, Wyoming, is estimated at one black-footed ferret to 148 acres (60 ha). As of 1985, 40 to 60 black-footed ferrets occupied a total of 6,178 to 7,413 acres (2,500 to 3,000 ha) of white-tailed prairie dog habitat. From 1982 to 1984, the average year-round movement of 15 black-footed ferrets between white-tailed prairie dog colonies was 1.6 miles/night (2.5 km) (with a spread of 1.1 miles or 1.7 km). Movement of black-footed ferrets between prairie dog colonies is influenced by factors including breeding activity, season, sex, intraspecific territoriality, prey density, and expansion of home ranges with declining population density. Movements of black-footed ferrets have been shown to increase during the breeding season; however, snow-tracking from December to March over a 4-year period near Meeteetse, Wyoming, revealed that factors other than breeding were responsible for movement distances.

705: 824:, and cheatgrass. High densities of prairie dog burrows provide the greatest amount of cover for black-footed ferrets. Black-tailed prairie dog colonies contain a greater burrow density per acre than white-tailed prairie dog colonies, and may be more suitable for the recovery of black-footed ferrets. The type of prairie dog burrow may be important for occupancy by black-footed ferrets. Black-footed ferret litters near Meeteetse, Wyoming, were associated with mounded white-tailed prairie dog burrows, which are less common than non-mounded burrows. Mounded burrows contain multiple entrances and probably have a deep and extensive burrow system that protects kits. However, black-footed ferrets used non-mounded prairie dog burrows (64%) more often than mounded burrows (30%) near Meeteetse, Wyoming. 1211:

other hand, the tribe was also contracted for the U.S. Forest Service prairie dog poisoning program. The increasing numbers of ferrets led to conflicts between the tribe's Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe Game, Fish and Parks Department and the Tribal Land Enterprise Organization. When the federal government started an investigation of the tribe's prairie dog management program, threatening to prosecute tribal employees or agents carrying out the management plan in the ferret reintroduction area, the tribal council passed a resolution in 2008, asking the two federal agencies to remove ferrets, and reimburse the tribe for its expenses for the ferret recovery program.

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breeding and white-tailed prairie dogs emerged from hibernation. Nightly movement distance of 170 black-footed ferrets averaged 0.87 miles (1.40 km) (range 0.001 to 6.91 miles (0.0016 to 11.1206 kilometres)). Nightly activity areas of black-footed ferrets ranged from 1 to 337.5 acres (0 to 137 ha)), and were larger from February to March (110.2 acres (45 ha)) than from December to January (33.6 acres (14 ha)). Adult females establish activity areas based on access to food for rearing young. Males establish activity areas to maximize access to females, resulting in larger activity areas than those of females.

1113: 576: 494: 92: 339:. The species appeared in the Great Basin and the Rockies by 750,000 years ago. The oldest recorded fossil find originates from Cathedral Cave, White Pine County, Nevada, and dates back 750,000 to 950,000 years ago. Prairie dog fossils have been found in six sites that yield ferrets, thus indicating that the association between the two species is an old one. Anecdotal observations and 42% of examined fossil records indicated that any substantial colony of medium- to large-sized colonial 533: 395: 3714: 3704: 50: 1044: 1203: 31: 1090:

conservation of an endangered species in nature. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, state and tribal agencies, private landowners, conservation groups, and North American zoos have actively reintroduced ferrets back into the wild since 1991. Beginning in Shirley Basin in Eastern Wyoming, reintroduction expanded to Montana, six sites in South Dakota in 1994, Arizona, Utah, Colorado, Saskatchewan, Canada and Chihuahua, Mexico. The

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ferret movements were nonlinear in character, probably to avoid predators. From December to March over a 4-year study period, black-footed ferrets investigated 68 white-tailed prairie dog holes per 1 mile (1.6 km) of travel/night. Distance traveled between white-tailed prairie dog burrows from December to March averaged 74.2 feet (22.6 m) over 149 track routes.

347:, may provide a sufficient prey base and a source of burrows for black-footed ferrets. This suggests that the black-footed ferret and prairie dogs did not historically have an obligate predator–prey relationship. The species has likely always been rare, and the modern black-footed ferret represents a relict population. A reported occurrence of the species is from a late 409:, and its ears are triangular, short, erect and broad at the base. The neck is long and the legs short and stout. The toes are armed with sharp, very slightly arched claws. The feet on both surfaces are covered in hair, even to the soles, thus concealing the claws. It combines several physical features common in both members of the 512:. It is most active above ground from dusk to midnight and 4 am to mid-morning. Aboveground activity is greatest during late summer and early autumn when juveniles become independent. Climate generally does not limit black-footed ferret activity, but it may remain inactive inside burrows for up to 6 days at a time during winter. 973:

forward, we cannot wonder that many species have been entirely overlooked... The habits of this species resemble, as far as we have learned, those of . It feeds on birds, small reptiles and animals, eggs, and various insects, and is a bold and cunning foe to the rabbits, hares, grouse, and other game of our western regions.

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The contradictory mandates of the two federal agencies involved, the USFWS and the U.S. Forest Service, are exemplified in what the Rosebud Sioux tribe experienced: The ferret was reintroduced by the USFWS, which according to the tribe promised to pay more than $ 1 million a year through 2010. On the

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As of 2013, about 1,200 ferrets are thought to live in the wild. These wild populations are possible due to the extensive breeding program that releases surplus animals to reintroduction sites, which are then monitored by USFWS biologists for health and growth. However, the species cannot depend just

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management efforts that allow access to prey resources at a wider region or actions that could substantially reduce the plague transmission. Implementing efforts to conserve large prairie dog landscapes and plague mitigation tools are very important in conserving the black-footed ferrets' population.

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It is with great pleasure that we introduce this handsome new species; ... inhabits the wooded parts of the country to the Rocky Mountains, and perhaps is found beyond that range... When we consider the very rapid manner in which every expedition that has crossed the Rocky Mountains, has been pushed

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Female black-footed ferrets have smaller home ranges than males. Home ranges of males may sometimes include the home ranges of several females. Adult females usually occupy the same territory every year. A female that was tracked from December to March occupied 39.5 acres (16 ha). Her territory

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Prey density may account for movement distances. Black-footed ferrets may travel up to 11 miles (18 km) to seek prey, suggesting that they will interchange freely among white-tailed prairie dog colonies that are less than 11 miles (18 km) apart. In areas of high prey density, black-footed

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resulted in its reintroduction into eight western US states, Canada, and Mexico from 1991 to 2009. As of 2015, over 200 mature individuals are in the wild across 18 populations, with four self-sustaining populations in South Dakota, Arizona, and Wyoming. It was first listed as "endangered" in 1982,

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Historical habitats of the black-footed ferret included shortgrass prairie, mixed-grass prairie, desert grassland, shrub steppe, sagebrush steppe, mountain grassland, and semi-arid grassland. Black-footed ferrets use prairie dog burrows for raising young, avoiding predators, and thermal cover. Six

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lasting from 1.5 to 3.0 hours. Unlike other mustelids, the black-footed ferret is a habitat specialist with low reproductive rates. In captivity, gestation of black-footed ferrets lasts 42–45 days. Litter size ranges from one to five kits. Kits are born in May and June in prairie dog burrows. Kits

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Temperature is positively correlated with distance of black-footed ferret movement. Snow-tracking from December to March over a 4-year period near Meeteetse, Wyoming, revealed that movement distances were shortest during winter and longest between February and April, when black-footed ferrets were

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Males measure 500–533 millimetres (19.7–21.0 in) in body length and 114–127 millimetres (4.5–5.0 in) in tail length, thus constituting 22–25% of its body length. Females are typically 10% smaller than males. It weighs 650–1,400 grams (1.43–3.09 lb). Captive-bred ferrets used for the

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featured a black-footed ferret on its "Data Federated Electronic Research Review Extraction and Tabulation Tool" or "Data FERRETT" web tool. This tool allowed researchers outside the government to extract unique, anonymized data from respondents to Census surveys, including the Current Population

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Conservation efforts have been opposed by stock growers and ranchers, who have traditionally fought prairie dogs. In 2005, the U.S. Forest Service began poisoning prairie dogs in private land buffer zones of the Conata Basin of Buffalo Gap National Grassland. Because 10–15 ranchers complained the

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Oil and natural gas exploration and extraction can have detrimental impacts on prairie dogs and black-footed ferrets. Seismic activity collapses prairie dog burrows. Other problems include potential leaks and spills, increased roads and fences, increased vehicle traffic and human presence, and an

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A study published in 1983 modeling metabolizable energy requirements estimated that one adult female black-footed ferret and her litter require about 474 to 1,421 black-tailed prairie dogs per year or 412 to 1,236 white-tailed prairie dogs per year for sustenance. They concluded that this dietary

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and are raised by their mother for several months after birth. Kits first emerge above ground in July, at 6 weeks old. They are then separated into individual prairie dog burrows around their mother's burrow. Kits reach adult weight and become independent several months following birth, from late

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a female named Willa, who died in the mid-1980s and left no living descendants. Her clone, a female named Elizabeth Ann, was born on December 10, 2020, making her the first North American endangered species to be cloned. Scientists hope that the contribution of this individual will alleviate the

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breeding for future survival, as reproductive traits such as pregnancy rate and normal sperm motility and morphology have been steadily declining with time in captivity. These declining markers of individual and population health are thought to be due to increased inbreeding, an occurrence often

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Primary causes of mortality include habitat loss, human-introduced diseases, and indirect poisoning from prairie dog control measures. Annual mortality of juvenile and adult black-footed ferrets over a 4-year period ranged from 59 to 83% (128 individuals) near Meeteetse, Wyoming. During fall and

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Intercolony dispersal of juvenile black-footed ferrets occurs several months after birth, from early September to early November. Dispersal distances may be short or long. Near Meeteetse, Wyoming, 9 juvenile males and three juvenile females dispersed 1 to 4 mi (1.6 to 6.4 km) following

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region are sooty-black. The area midway between the front and back legs is marked by a large patch of dark umber-brown, which fades into the buffy surrounding parts. A small spot occurs over each eye, with a narrow band behind the black mask. The sides of the head and the ears are dirty-white in

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introduced into North America, also contributed to the prairie dog die-off, though ferret numbers declined proportionately more than their prey, thus indicating other factors may have been responsible. Plague was first detected in South Dakota in a coyote in 2004, and then in about 50,000 acres

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breeding and then reintroduction into its native range. As such, this sole endemic North American ferret allows examining the impact of a severe genetic restriction on subsequent biological form and function, especially on reproductive traits and success. The black-footed ferret was listed as

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counted a population of 223 in one area of Wyoming (the original number of reintroduced ferrets, most of which died, was 228), and an annual growth rate of 35% from 2003 to 2006 was estimated. This rate of recovery is much faster than for many endangered species, and the ferret seems to have

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in 2006–2007. Nevertheless, plague was proven in ferrets in May 2008. Since then each year 12,000 acres (4,900 ha) of their Conata Basin habitat is dusted and about 50–150 ferrets are immunized with plague vaccine. Ferrets are unlikely to persist through plague episodes unless there are

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The black-footed ferret is an example of a species that benefits from strong reproductive science. A captive-breeding program was initiated in 1987, capturing 18 living individuals and using artificial insemination. This is one of the first examples of assisted reproduction contributing to

1035:, revealed low levels of genetic variation. Canine distemper devastated the Meeteetse ferret population in 1985. A live virus vaccine originally made for domestic ferrets killed large numbers of black-footed ferrets, thus indicating that the species is especially susceptible to distemper. 474:

The base color is pale yellowish or buffy above and below. The top of the head and sometimes the neck is clouded by dark-tipped hairs. The face is crossed by a broad band of sooty black, which includes the eyes. The feet, lower parts of the legs, the tip of the tail and the

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endangered by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in 1967. Declared extinct in 1979, a residual wild population was discovered in Meeteetse, Wyoming, in 1981. This cohort eventually grew to 130 individuals and was then nearly extirpated by sylvatic plague,

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having received 86 ferret skins from Pratt, Chouteau, and Company of St. Louis in the late 1830s. During the early years of predator control, black-footed ferret carcasses were likely discarded, as their fur was of low value. This likely continued after the passing of the

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winter, 50–70% of juveniles and older animals perish. Average lifespan in the wild is probably only one year, but may be up to five years. Males have higher rates of mortality than females because of longer dispersal distances when they are most vulnerable to predators.

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Santymire, R. M.; Lonsdorf, E. V.; Lynch, C. M.; Wildt, D. E.; Marinari, P. E.; Kreeger, J. S.; Howard, J. G. (2019). "Inbreeding causes decreased seminal quality affecting pregnancy and litter size in the endangered black-footed ferret".

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requirement would require protection of 91 to 235 acres (37 to 95 ha) of black-tailed prairie dog habitat or 413 to 877 acres (167 to 355 ha) of white-tailed prairie dog habitat for each female black-footed ferret with a litter.

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prevailed over the previous problems of disease and prey shortage that hampered its improvement. As of 2007, the total wild population of black-footed ferrets in the U.S. was well over 650 individuals, plus 250 in captivity. In 2008, the

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encounter each other, the male sniffs the genital region of the female, but does not mount her until after a few hours have elapsed, which is contrast to the more violent behavior displayed by the male European polecat. During

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Given an obligate dependence of black-footed ferrets on prairie dogs, black-footed ferrets are extremely vulnerable to prairie dog habitat loss. Habitat loss results from agriculture, livestock use, and other development.

1001:, for fear of reprisals. The large drop in black-footed ferret numbers began during the 1800s through to the 1900s, as prairie dog numbers declined because of control programs and the conversion of prairies to croplands. 428:(European and steppe polecats). Its skull resembles that of polecats in its size, massiveness and the development of its ridges and depressions, though it is distinguished by the extreme degree of constriction behind the 598:

and were forced to find alternative prey when white-tailed prairie dogs entered their four-month hibernation cycle. In Wyoming, alternative prey items consumed during white-tailed prairie dog hibernation included voles

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In Mellette County, South Dakota, black-tailed prairie dog remains occurred in 91% of 82 black-footed ferret scats. Mouse remains occurred in 26% of scats. Mouse remains could not be identified to species; however,

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show aspects of the tightly controlled breeding. In May 2000, the Canadian Species at Risk Act listed the black-footed ferret as being an extirpated species in Canada. A population of 35 animals was released into

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reclassified the species as "globally endangered", a substantial improvement since the 1996 assessment, when it was considered extinct in the wild, as the species was indeed only surviving in captivity. In 2016,

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O'Brien, S. J.; Roelke, M. E.; Marker, L.; Newman, A.; Winkler, C. A.; Meltzer, D.; Colly, L.; Evermann, J. F.; Bush, M.; Wildt, D. E. (March 22, 1985). "Genetic basis for species vulnerability in the cheetah".

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effects of inbreeding and help black-footed ferrets better cope with plague. Experts estimate that this female's genome contains three times as much genetic diversity as any of the modern black-footed ferrets.

860:. A short-term vaccine for canine distemper is available for captive black-footed ferrets, but no protection is available for young born in the wild. Black-footed ferrets are also susceptible to rabies, 2457: 467:. The only noticeable differences between the black-footed ferret and the steppe polecat are the former's much shorter and coarser fur, larger ears, and longer post molar extension of the palate. 1387: 2226:

Forrest, Steven C.; Biggins, Dean E.; Richardson, Louise; Clark, Tim W.; Campbell, Thomas M. III; Fagerstone, Kathleen A.; Thorne, E. (1988). "Population attributes for the black-footed ferret (

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The black-footed ferret has a long, slender body with black outlines on its paws, ears, parts of its face and its tail. The forehead is arched and broad, and the muzzle is short. It has few

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breeding program. Seven of those 18 animals produced offspring that survived and reproduced, and with currently living descendants, are the ancestors of all black-footed ferrets now in the

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Roelke, Melody E.; Martenson, Janice S.; O'Brien, Stephen J. (June 1, 1993). "The consequences of demographic reduction and genetic depletion in the endangered Florida panther".

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Antonelli, T.S.; Leischner, C.L.; Ososky, J.J.; Hartstone-Rose, A. (January 2016). "The effect of captivity on the oral health of the critically endangered black-footed ferret (

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is much closer in conformation to weasels and stoats. The dentition of the black-footed ferret closely resembles that of the European and steppe polecat, though the back lower

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on October 2, 2009, and a litter of newborn kits was observed in July 2010. Reintroduction sites have experienced multiple years of reproduction from released individuals.

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Based on 86 black-footed ferret scats found near Meeteetse, Wyoming, 87% of their diet was composed of white-tailed prairie dogs. Other food items included deer mice,

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Shoemaker, Kevin T.; Lacy, Robert C.; Verant, Michelle L.; Brook, Barry W.; Livieri, Travis M.; Miller, Philip S.; Fordham, Damien A.; Akçakaya, H. Resit (2014).

1776: 3101: 1124:. In September 2006, South Dakota's ferret population was estimated to be around 420, with 250 (100 breeding adults consisting of 67 females and 33 males) in 1120:

The black-footed ferret was first listed as endangered in 1967 under the Endangered Species Preservation Act, and was re-listed on January 4, 1974, under the

594:. Their diet varies depending on geographic location. In western Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, and Montana, black-footed ferrets are historically associated with 704: 544:, based on data collected from home range sizes, skewed sex ratios, and sexual dimorphism. Mating occurs in February and March. When a male and female in 471:

reintroduction projects were found to be smaller than their wild counterparts, though these animals rapidly attained historical body sizes once released.

3208: 2698: 323: 2280:, In: Endangered Species Program. Pierre, SD: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Mountain-Prairie Region, South Dakota Ecological Services Field Office 9406: 3153: 793: 2111: 8580: 1074:, with eventually 18 animals remaining. These survivors were captured from 1985 to 1987 to serve as the foundation for the black-footed ferret 1048: 1021: 765: 2013:

Wisely, Samantha M.; Santymire, Rachel M.; Livieri, Travis M.; Marinari, Paul E.; Kreeger, Julie S.; Wildt, David E.; Howard, Jogayle (2005).

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Hillman, Conrad N. 1968. Life history and ecology of the black-footed ferret in the wild. Brookings, SD: South Dakota State University. Thesis

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by the greater contrast between its dark limbs and pale body and the shorter length of its black tail-tip. In contrast, differences from the

3418: 2500:"Effects of prey metapopulation structure on the viability of black-footed ferrets in plague-impacted landscapes: a metamodelling approach" 1195:

in Nebraska, against opinions of biologists in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Following exposure by conservation groups including the

1187:, then Undersecretary of Agriculture, expanded its "prairie-dog management" in September 2006 to all of South Dakota's Buffalo Gap and the 2003:. pp. 9397. In Eighth Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop, USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rpt. RM-154, Rapid City, South Dakota. 1152:

ferret population was well over 100 and a second reintroduction site with around 50 animals is used. An August 2007 report in the journal

736:. As of 2007, the only known wild black-footed ferret population was located on approximately 6,000 acres (2,400 hectares) in the western 2367: 1264: 540:

The reproductive physiology of the black-footed ferret is similar to that of the European polecat and the steppe polecat. It is probably

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litter breakup. Four juvenile females dispersed a short distance (<0.2 mi (0.32 km)), but remained on their natal area.

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Although similar in size to polecats, its attenuate body, long neck, very short legs, slim tail, large orbicular ears and close-set

9380: 1505: 3423: 9432: 3375: 2119: 1475: 1398: 1128:, which is 100,000 acres (40,000 ha), less than 3% of the public grasslands in South Dakota, 70 miles (110 km) east of 289: 3179: 2331:

Stromberg, Mark R.; Rayburn, R. Lee; Clark, Tim W. (1983). "Black-footed ferret prey requirements: an energy balance estimate".

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The black-footed ferret experienced a recent population bottleneck in the wild followed by a more than 30-year recovery through

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The historical range of the black-footed ferret was closely correlated with, but not restricted to, the range of prairie dogs (

3314:. U.S. Dept. Of Agriculture. Division of Ornithology and Mammalogy. North American fauna no.11. Washington: Govt. Print. Off. 9589: 9574: 9476: 3042: 9437: 2754: 1634:

Richardson, Louise; Clark, Tim W.; Forrest, Steven C.; Campbell, Thomas M. (1987). "Winter ecology of black-footed ferrets (

1467: 9609: 3750: 3395: 9594: 1784: 1314: 921: 617:. Because black-tailed prairie dogs do not hibernate, little seasonal change in black-footed ferret diet is necessary. 273:. It is largely nocturnal and solitary, except when breeding or raising litters. Up to 90% of its diet is composed of 5120: 3471: 3298: 3279: 2604:

Wildt, David E.; Wemmer, Christen (July 1999). "Sex and wildlife: the role of reproductive science in conservation".

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The species declined throughout the 20th century, primarily as a result of decreases in prairie dog populations and

3390: 2482: 2015:"Environment influences morphology and development for in situ and ex situ populations of the black-footed ferret ( 1529:

Heptner, V. G. (Vladimir Georgievich); Nasimovich, A. A; Bannikov, Andrei Grigorovich; Hoffmann, Robert S. (2001).

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Volume: v. 2, pt. 1b. Washington, D.C. : Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation.

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and national media public outcry and a lawsuit mobilized federal officials, and the poisoning plan was revoked.

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Elizabeth Ann, the first cloned black-footed ferret and first-ever cloned U.S. endangered species, 54 days old

7682: 317:), the black-footed ferret represents a more progressive form than the European polecat in the direction of 1293: 1366: 9471: 9419: 9321: 7673: 4876: 1322: 944:, used black-footed ferrets for religious rites and for food. The species was not encountered during the 9326: 1852:

Owen, Pamela R.; Bell, Christopher J. (2000). "Fossils, diet, and conservation of black-footed ferrets (

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in 2005. Thereafter 7,000 acres (2,800 ha) of prairie dog colonies were treated with insecticide (

945: 642: 7160: 327:(from which the European and steppe polecats are also derived), which originated in Europe during the 9372: 5999: 3658: 2677: 2123: 1192: 1125: 2798: 2176: 91: 9057: 8952: 7691: 5981: 5709: 5676: 5652: 5473: 4725: 3689: 3570: 2014: 1445: 1129: 1102: 809: 614: 595: 9489: 1580:"Habitat suitability index model for the black-footed ferret: a method to locate transplant sites" 1392: 748:. Since 1990, black-footed ferrets have been reintroduced to the following sites: Shirley Basin, 620: 8719: 7700: 7431: 7124: 7059: 6441: 6017: 5490: 5012: 3743: 3653: 689: 9528: 9411: 9238: 8943: 8695: 8508: 8384: 7996: 7978: 7806: 7500: 7491: 7133: 5871: 4663: 3320: 1137: 1121: 1020:) and 1,000 acres (400 ha) of black-footed ferret habitat were prophylactically dusted in 1013: 841: 769: 302: 293:

then listed as "extinct in the wild" in 1996 before being upgraded back to "endangered" in the

2728: 2458:"Black-footed ferrets were nearly extinct. Here's how landowners want to help bring them back" 2375: 9523: 9120: 8375: 8357: 8348: 8339: 7824: 7815: 7187: 5957: 5948: 5939: 5888: 5826: 5808: 5799: 5736: 5685: 5523: 5514: 3951: 3590: 3464: 3432: 1028: 817: 352: 331:. Molecular evidence indicates that the steppe polecat and black-footed ferret diverged from 186: 9515: 7142: 7038: 9450: 9357: 9285: 8961: 8862: 8821: 8535: 8046: 7774: 7100: 6165: 5915: 5906: 5862: 5817: 5440: 4946: 4681: 4507: 2996: 2944: 2909: 2878: 2613: 2575: 2511: 2274: 2033: 1070: 1057: 993: 840:

Black-footed ferrets are susceptible to numerous diseases. They are fatally susceptible to

654: 550: 384: 3444: 2388: 8: 9290: 9201: 8919: 8366: 8252: 8234: 8079: 7928: 7833: 7083: 7029: 6778: 6520: 6511: 5775: 5048: 5030: 4885: 4734: 4237: 3510: 3309: 3030: 2827: 1215: 902: 685: 658: 629: 541: 39: 6271: 3260: 3000: 2948: 2913: 2617: 2579: 2515: 2037: 1810:"Elizabeth Ann the Black-Footed Ferret Is the First-Ever Cloned Endangered U.S. Species" 1356: 1112: 624:

Skeletons of black-footed ferret (left) and prairie dog (right) articulated to show the

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Like its close relative, the Asian steppe polecat (with which it was once thought to be

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Animated GIF of a ferret typing at a computer for Census Bureau Data Ferrett web tool.

9584: 9510: 9334: 8895: 8812: 8592: 8088: 8055: 6979: 6486: 6208: 5990: 5844: 5718: 5602: 4955: 4785: 4743: 4690: 4470: 4452: 4210: 3560: 3351: 3343: 3294: 3275: 3249: 3012: 2960: 2956: 2485:. Final Report to South Dakota Game, Fish & Parks, 2012 Wildlife Diversity Grant. 2415: 1530: 1422: 1153: 870:), and epidemics in prairie dog towns may completely destroy the ferrets' prey base. 805: 3380: 2972: 2633: 2427: 2053: 1885: 816:

black-footed ferret nests found near Mellette County, South Dakota, were lined with

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The black-footed ferret is solitary, except when breeding or raising litters. It is

284:. It was declared extinct in 1979, but a residual wild population was discovered in 9569: 9339: 9174: 9007: 8285: 7715: 7005: 6787: 6537: 5727: 5626: 5410: 5401: 4985: 4776: 4767: 4561: 4552: 4110: 3707: 3679: 3615: 3525: 3457: 3315: 3004: 2952: 2917: 2621: 2583: 2519: 2405: 2340: 2311: 2303: 2239: 2091: 2041: 1927: 1865: 1647: 1440: 1231: 898: 878: 662: 498: 456: 452: 266: 2483:

Assessing the risk of plague to black-footed ferrets in Conata Basin, South Dakota

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has bred hundreds, most of which were released into the wild. Several episodes of

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may have also contributed to the decline, as studies on black-footed ferrets from

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The Worse Things Get, the Harder I Fight, the Harder I Fight, the More I Love You

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increased number of raptor perching sites on power poles. Traps set for coyotes,

886: 866: 857: 476: 429: 340: 281: 9463: 956:, and it did not become known to modern science until it was first described in 9165: 9084: 8886: 8633: 8526: 8499: 7552: 7169: 6769: 6633: 6316: 5853: 5835: 5766: 5377: 5368: 4970: 4931: 3885: 3797: 3575: 3550: 2410: 1421:

Belant, J.; Biggins, D.; Garelle, D.; Griebel, R.G. & Hughes, J.P. (2015).

949: 894: 849: 821: 737: 677: 613:

spp.) found near streams. In South Dakota, black-footed ferrets associate with

554: 463:

of Asia are slight, to the point where the two species were once thought to be

460: 399: 270: 3063:"A black-footed ferret has been cloned, a first for a U.S. endangered species" 2625: 2389:

Williams, E.S.; D.R. Kwiatkowski; E.T. Thorne & A. Boerger-Fields (1994).

2096: 2079: 2045: 1116:

Ferret kit at the National Black-footed Ferret Conservation Center in Colorado

493: 9558: 9445: 9261: 9129: 9025: 8998: 8624: 8322: 8267: 7789: 7733: 7474: 7115: 6570: 6132: 5297: 5264: 5066: 5057: 4994: 4894: 4852: 4704: 4297: 3610: 3585: 3520: 3355: 3347: 2541:"An invisible enemy: the battle to save black-footed ferrets from the plague" 1431: 1420: 1308: 1296: 1222:

have teamed up to clone a black-footed ferret. In 2020, a team of scientists

1149: 941: 910: 845: 785: 448: 440: 294: 59: 5754: 5566: 3008: 2655: 2524: 2499: 1753: 1202: 9424: 9156: 9102: 8803: 8571: 8517: 8294: 8193: 7748: 7724: 7543: 7534: 7354: 7321: 7244: 7205: 6615: 6597: 6459: 6331: 5790: 5191: 5154: 5039: 5021: 4434: 4380: 4306: 3984: 3728: 3545: 3530: 3412: 2964: 2732: 1304: 1106: 961: 874: 781: 721: 532: 417: 360: 207: 3270:

Feldhamer, George A.; Thompson, Bruce Carlyle; Chapman, Joseph A. (2003).

3016: 2419: 2307: 1179:

found with small populations or ones that spend a long time in captivity.

394: 9484: 9393: 9270: 8770: 7961: 7878: 7851: 7600: 7514: 7446: 7372: 7363: 7330: 7288: 7253: 6970: 6863: 6695: 6235: 6147: 6055: 5700: 5273: 5093: 4758: 4672: 4655: 4632: 4595: 4479: 4443: 4288: 4077: 3932: 3811: 1230:

In the year 2020, black-footed ferrets were used to test an experimental

1163: 1096: 1091: 925: 681: 666: 646: 587: 580: 464: 368: 356: 314: 274: 9349: 9313: 1697: 9385: 8979: 8225: 8156: 8143: 8110: 7896: 7634: 7394: 6942: 6919: 6805: 6796: 6745: 6710: 6686: 6450: 6349: 6298: 6244: 6226: 6199: 6106: 6056: 5455: 5428: 5356: 5339: 5102: 5075: 4921: 4825: 4809: 4645: 4525: 4365: 4201: 4068: 3860: 3828: 3812: 2352: 2251: 1941: 1877: 1659: 729: 638: 591: 255: 153: 2921: 2587: 2316: 2289: 1496: 1043: 9398: 8910: 8845: 8458: 8398: 8184: 8005: 7620: 7612: 7561: 7411: 7297: 7279: 6993: 6827: 6660: 6502: 6468: 6280: 5972: 5246: 4716: 4192: 3760: 3674: 3369: 2365: 1330: 1017: 989: 929: 861: 741: 625: 559: 505: 444: 432:

where the width of the cranium is much less than that of the muzzle.

348: 318: 143: 103: 30: 9232: 3272:

Wild mammals of North America: biology, management, and conservation

2344: 2243: 1932: 1915: 1651: 590:. The remaining 10% of their diet is composed of small rodents, and 9255: 8607: 8070: 7887: 7863: 7224: 7074: 7020: 6956: 6951: 6904: 6836: 6754: 6624: 6373: 6364: 6262: 6217: 6097: 5930: 5667: 5576: 5545: 5505: 5392: 5324: 5232: 5223: 4543: 4339: 4092: 3975: 3942: 3791: 3779: 3633: 2828:"Call It a Comeback: Ferret Population Shows Big Growth in Wyoming" 2758: 1184: 937: 864:, and human influenza. They can directly contract sylvatic plague ( 797: 601: 410: 336: 123: 3445:

Smithsonian Institution – North American Mammals: Mustela nigripes

3124:"Endangered ferrets get experimental COVID-19 vaccine in Colorado" 1752:. Black-footed Ferret Recovery Implementation Team. Archived from 649:

were captured in snap-trap surveys. Potential prey items included

563:

August to October. Sexual maturity occurs at the age of one year.

379: 8989: 8836: 8710: 8425: 7937: 7267: 6733: 6289: 6253: 6120: 6088: 6072: 5585: 5288: 4867: 4348: 4255: 4173: 4101: 4043: 4020: 3913: 3601: 3496: 1223: 853: 789: 761: 749: 745: 733: 717: 406: 298: 3336:

Clark, Tim W. (June 1983). "Last of the Black-footed Ferrets?".

9362: 9298: 9093: 9040: 8785: 8473: 8207: 6927: 6588: 6423: 6180: 5617: 4389: 4315: 4264: 4246: 4219: 4140: 4002: 3785: 3773: 3480: 2158:"Restoring balance between the endangered black-footed ferret ( 890: 882: 553:, the male grasps the female by the nape of the neck, with the 545: 509: 436: 364: 163: 133: 113: 2012: 1633: 1214:

Employees of the San Diego Zoo, the conservation organization

9536: 9075: 8934: 8877: 8750: 8553: 8410: 8037: 8019: 7642: 7312: 6561: 6546: 5207: 4498: 3993: 3580: 3262:

Fur-bearing Animals: A Monograph of North American Mustelidae

3230: 2985: 2225: 1284: 933: 725: 421: 76: 70: 3209:"Did the U.S. Government Make the Greatest GIF of All Time?" 8449: 7345: 6670: 6606: 4279: 4011: 3869: 2898: 2564: 2162:) and human use of the Great Plains and Intermountain West" 1870:

10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<0422:FDACOB>2.0.CO;2

1682:"Some guidelines for management of the black-footed ferret" 1158: 801: 586:

Up to 90% of the black-footed ferret's diet is composed of

262: 3449: 2934: 988:

For a time, the black-footed ferret was harvested for the

6579: 6188: 4516: 2273:

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (1988). Species account:

1267:

any relevant information into other sections or articles.

1140:, 130 ferrets northeast of Eagle Butte, South Dakota, on 455:

which are more apparent in polecats. It differs from the

3428:

Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada

3370:

Black-footed Ferret Recovery Implementation Team website

3269: 2497: 2001:

Historical and present status of the black-footed ferret

508:

and primarily hunts for sleeping prairie dogs in their

3094:"Endangered ferrets get experimental COVID-19 vaccine" 3091: 1183:

measure was inadequate, the forest service advised by

2330: 321:. The black-footed ferret's most likely ancestor was 7410: 4806: 3630: 1578:

Houston, B. R.; Clark, Tim W.; Minta, S. C. (1986).

335:

between 500,000 and 2,000,000 years ago, perhaps in

288:

in 1981. A captive-breeding program launched by the

1292:In 2023, the black-footed ferret was featured on a 913:, and other animals may harm black-footed ferrets. 1038: 451:which is too small and weak to develop the little 2368:"Black-footed Ferret. Frequently Asked Questions" 1577: 708:Head of a black-footed ferret by Carol Snow, 1972 692:. Water is obtained through consumption of prey. 261:The Black-footed ferret is roughly the size of a 9556: 5206: 3441:Black-footed Ferret National Conservation Center 3419:U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Species Profile 3396:Black-Footed Ferret Recovery – At the Crossroads 3180:"DATA FERRETT For the Current Population Survey" 297:in 2008. In February 2021, the first successful 3342:. Vol. 163, no. 6. pp. 828–838. 1999:Biggins, Dean E. and Max H. Schroeder. (1988). 1313:. The stamp was dedicated at a ceremony at the 794:Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge 527: 3247: 3154:"Postal Service Spotlights Endangered Species" 2799:"Once rare black-footed ferrets make comeback" 2443: 1954: 1446:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T14020A45200314.en 1197:Climate, Community & Biodiversity Alliance 6070: 3911: 3744: 3465: 2169:Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 1218:, the ViaGen Pets and Equine Company and the 3758: 2678:"Toronto Zoo > Conservation > Mammals" 1913: 3424:COSEWIC Status report – Black-footed ferret 3248:Audubon, John James; Bachman, John (1851). 3189:. United States Census Bureau. October 2010 2648:"Black-footed Ferret Recovery – A Timeline" 2603: 2366:Parks Canada Agency, Government of Canada. 699: 363:, Alberta. Fossils have also been found in 3931: 3751: 3737: 3472: 3458: 3043:Rosebud tribe tells feds to remove ferrets 2729:"Black-footed ferret back on prairie turf" 1995: 1993: 1914:Hillman, Conrad N.; Clark, Tim W. (1980). 873:Predators of black-footed ferrets include 48: 29: 8154: 4643: 3826: 3319: 2523: 2409: 2315: 2095: 1931: 1804: 1802: 1777:"Rare U.S. ferret marks 30-year comeback" 1444: 301:of a black-footed ferret, a female named 6500: 3311:Synopsis of the weasels of North America 2825: 2599: 2597: 1851: 1774: 1506:Global Biodiversity Information Facility 1283: 1201: 1111: 1042: 800:; Coyote Basin, straddling Colorado and 716:spp.). Its range extended from southern 703: 619: 574: 531: 492: 393: 389:Synopsis of the weasels of North America 378: 5574: 4337: 3858: 3307: 3092:Pappas-Live, Stephanie (January 2021). 2790: 2755:"Black-footed ferrets breeding in Sask" 2699:"Species at Risk – Black-footed Ferret" 2455: 2439: 2437: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2120:National Parks Conservation Association 1990: 1984: 1965: 1963: 1476:Integrated Taxonomic Information System 1399:United States Department of Agriculture 488: 483: 290:United States Fish and Wildlife Service 9557: 8667: 6903: 3288: 3254:. Vol. 2. New York, V.G. Audubon. 2821: 2819: 2538: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2063: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1847: 1845: 1836: 1799: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1623: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1573: 1525: 1523: 1416: 1414: 1412: 1410: 966:Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America 9237: 9236: 8141: 7598: 6902: 6054: 5189: 4630: 3810: 3732: 3453: 3335: 3258: 2594: 2493: 2491: 2230:) at Meeteetse, Wyoming, 1981–1985". 2155: 2077: 1980: 1978: 1969: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1679: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1555: 1553: 1544: 1339:, is about the Black-footed Ferret. 1237: 3291:Pleistocene mammals of North America 3134:from the original on January 5, 2022 3104:from the original on January 3, 2021 2539:Fritts, Rachel (September 7, 2020). 2456:Delgado, Anton L. (August 4, 2021). 2434: 1960: 1948: 1832: 1830: 1241: 1012:(20,000 ha) of prairie dogs on 265:and is similar in appearance to the 5121:South African small-spotted genet ( 3069:. February 18, 2021. Archived from 2826:Fountain, Henry (August 14, 2007). 2816: 2796: 2781:"South Dakota a ferret focal point" 2324: 2258: 2194: 2138: 2060: 1892: 1842: 1538: 1520: 1432:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1407: 13: 3402:Q&A about their reintroduction 3329: 2779:Harlan, Bill (September 24, 2006). 2488: 1975: 1704: 1666: 1594: 1550: 1315:National Grasslands Visitor Center 776:, Wind Cave National Park and the 355:, and it is further recorded from 14: 9626: 5465:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose ( 3363: 2391:"Plague in a black-footed ferret" 1827: 1329:The song "Yon Ferrets Return" by 1258:list of miscellaneous information 1142:Cheyenne River Indian Reservation 497:Black-footed ferret performing a 258:native to central North America. 9605:Taxa named by John James Audubon 9565:IUCN Red List endangered species 5190: 3713: 3712: 3703: 3702: 3391:Arizona Game and Fish Department 1386: This article incorporates 1381: 1349: 1303:set, based on a photograph from 1246: 778:Cheyenne River Sioux Reservation 754:UL Bend National Wildlife Refuge 305:, was introduced to the public. 90: 7599: 4631: 3381:Black-footed Ferrets in Arizona 3251:The quadrupeds of North America 3241: 3223: 3201: 3172: 3146: 3116: 3085: 3055: 3052:. Aberdeen News, March 14, 2008 3036: 3023: 2979: 2928: 2892: 2872: 2847: 2773: 2747: 2721: 2691: 2670: 2640: 2558: 2532: 2481:Livieri T.M. (April 28, 2013). 2475: 2449: 2382: 2359: 2283: 2104: 2006: 1768: 1738: 1640:The American Midland Naturalist 1047:Ferret in the wild, July 2008, 1039:Reintroduction and conservation 758:Fort Belknap Indian Reservation 651:thirteen-lined ground squirrels 628:relationship between the two. ( 8142: 3685:Cultural depictions of weasels 3372:, from a team led by the USFWS 3308:Merriam, Clinton Hart (1896). 2797:Fox, Maggie (August 9, 2007). 2333:Journal of Wildlife Management 1686:Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 1584:Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 1501:(Audubon & Bachman, 1851)" 1489: 1460: 1220:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1189:Fort Pierre National Grassland 1144:, and about 40 ferrets on the 1134:Buffalo Gap National Grassland 1068:, and canine distemper virus, 999:Endangered Species Act of 1973 774:Buffalo Gap National Grassland 374: 1: 4877:Malabar large-spotted civet ( 3321:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t3tt4h07f 3293:. Columbia University Press. 3265:. Government Printing Office. 3029:CNN Broken government series 2705:. May 8, 2006. Archived from 2606:Biodiversity and Conservation 1342: 345:Richardson's ground squirrels 9590:Fauna of the Rocky Mountains 9575:Mammals of the United States 9139:Indonesian mountain weasel ( 8795:North American river otter ( 7683:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk ( 4737:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii 3158:United States Postal Service 2957:10.1016/0960-9822(93)90197-V 2398:Journal of Wildlife Diseases 2175:(4): 168–173. Archived from 1472:(Audubon and Bachman, 1851)" 1294:United States Postal Service 827: 579:Black-footed ferret chasing 528:Reproduction and development 308: 7: 6000:Somalian slender mongoose ( 3479: 2296:Canadian Journal of Zoology 1532:Mammals of the Soviet Union 398:Black-footed ferret at the 10: 9631: 9610:Taxa named by John Bachman 8953:Asian small-clawed otter ( 7692:American hog-nosed skunk ( 7674:Molina's hog-nosed skunk ( 5982:Angolan slender mongoose ( 5677:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose ( 4726:Small-toothed palm civet ( 3718:Category:Fictional weasels 3536:Indonesian mountain weasel 3437:February 15, 2013, at the 3048:December 14, 2013, at the 2855:"NatureServe Explorer 2.0" 2504:Journal of Applied Ecology 2444:Audubon & Bachman 1851 2411:10.7589/0090-3558-30.4.581 1955:Audubon & Bachman 1851 1638:) at Meeteetse, Wyoming". 1146:Rosebud Indian Reservation 983: 978:Audubon and Bachman (1851) 946:Lewis and Clark Expedition 916: 9595:Mammals described in 1851 9245: 9038: 8987: 8978: 8932: 8908: 8875: 8858: 8834: 8783: 8766: 8749: 8720:Saharan striped polecat ( 8708: 8691: 8650: 8605: 8588: 8579: 8570: 8471: 8447: 8423: 8406: 8397: 8320: 8265: 8223: 8206: 8182: 8165: 8150: 8137: 8109: 8068: 8035: 8018: 7959: 7909: 7876: 7859: 7850: 7787: 7746: 7713: 7701:Striped hog-nosed skunk ( 7654: 7633: 7611: 7607: 7594: 7530: 7513: 7472: 7444: 7432:Mediterranean monk seal ( 7427: 7393: 7343: 7310: 7275: 7266: 7240: 7223: 7204: 7161:Juan Fernández fur seal ( 7125:South American fur seal ( 7113: 7096: 7072: 7060:South American sea lion ( 7055: 7018: 7001: 6992: 6968: 6940: 6918: 6914: 6898: 6862: 6835: 6826: 6767: 6741: 6732: 6708: 6684: 6669: 6658: 6559: 6533: 6485: 6442:South American gray fox ( 6412: 6386: 6362: 6345: 6330: 6315: 6178: 6145: 6128: 6119: 6086: 6066: 6050: 6018:Common slender mongoose ( 5970: 5928: 5884: 5788: 5762: 5753: 5698: 5665: 5648: 5615: 5598: 5565: 5544: 5503: 5491:Narrow-striped mongoose ( 5486: 5453: 5436: 5427: 5390: 5364: 5355: 5338: 5322: 5286: 5260: 5245: 5221: 5202: 5198: 5185: 5153: 5149: 5013:Crested servaline genet ( 4968: 4929: 4920: 4865: 4839: 4824: 4802: 4756: 4712: 4703: 4654: 4639: 4626: 4594: 4496: 4432: 4415: 4406: 4378: 4361: 4328: 4277: 4190: 4153: 4136: 4127: 4090: 4066: 4057: 4041: 3973: 3940: 3927: 3907: 3854: 3837: 3822: 3806: 3768: 3698: 3667: 3646: 3599: 3494: 3487: 3386:January 21, 2013, at the 3376:Black-footed Ferret Video 3231:"Welcome home, Blackfeet" 2097:10.1017/S0030605300013727 2080:"The black-footed ferret" 2046:10.1017/S1367943005002283 1193:Oglala National Grassland 1126:Eagle Butte, South Dakota 1086:(about 300) populations. 643:northern grasshopper mice 615:black-tailed prairie dogs 596:white-tailed prairie dogs 383:Skull, as illustrated in 359:deposits in Nebraska and 228:Audubon and Bachman, 1851 222: 215: 192: 185: 87:Scientific classification 85: 68: 46: 37: 28: 23: 9076:Stoat/Beringian ermine ( 8944:African clawless otter ( 8696:African striped weasel ( 8509:Yellow-throated marten ( 8385:Formosan ferret-badger ( 8089:Western mountain coati ( 8080:Eastern mountain coati ( 7997:Western lowland olingo ( 7979:Eastern lowland olingo ( 7807:Southern spotted skunk ( 7501:Southern elephant seal ( 7492:Northern elephant seal ( 7282:Pagophilus groenlandicus 6059:("dog-like" carnivorans) 5872:Stripe-necked mongoose ( 5493:Mungotictis decemlineata 4368:Herpailurus yagouaroundi 3815:("cat-like" carnivorans) 2859:explorer.natureserve.org 1376: 1255:This article contains a 1130:Rapid City, South Dakota 1103:Grasslands National Park 810:Grasslands National Park 700:Distribution and habitat 690:white-tailed jackrabbits 536:Black-footed ferret kits 9121:Yellow-bellied weasel ( 8376:Burmese ferret-badger ( 8358:Chinese ferret-badger ( 8349:Bornean ferret badger ( 8340:Vietnam ferret-badger ( 7825:Eastern spotted skunk ( 7816:Western spotted skunk ( 7546:Leptonychotes weddellii 7188:Subantarctic fur seal ( 7134:Australasian fur seal ( 5958:Black-footed mongoose ( 5940:Bushy-tailed mongoose ( 5889:White-tailed mongoose ( 5827:Indian brown mongoose ( 5809:Short-tailed mongoose ( 5800:Small Indian mongoose ( 5737:Flat-headed kusimanse ( 5710:Alexander's kusimanse ( 5686:Common dwarf mongoose ( 5653:Pousargues's mongoose ( 5515:Brown-tailed mongoose ( 5474:Grandidier's mongoose ( 4728:Arctogalidia trivirgata 3952:Sunda clouded leopard ( 3259:Coues, Elliott (1877). 3009:10.1126/science.2983425 2626:10.1023/A:1008813532763 2525:10.1111/1365-2664.12223 1166:considered the species 570: 447:, with a hemispherical 9600:ESA endangered species 8962:Congo clawless otter ( 8865:Hydrictis maculicollis 8863:Spotted-necked otter ( 8822:Southern river otter ( 8773:Pteronura brasiliensis 8536:European pine marten ( 8047:South American coati ( 7775:Palawan stink badger ( 7101:New Zealand sea lion ( 6166:Japanese raccoon dog ( 5863:Crab-eating mongoose ( 5818:Indian grey mongoose ( 5441:Ring-tailed vontsira ( 5252:(bone-crushing hyenas) 4947:Central African oyan ( 4508:Chinese mountain cat ( 3415:, a USFWS 2002 article 3398:, a USFWS 1995 article 3289:Kurtén, Björn (1980). 2156:Clark, Tim W. (1987). 2112:"Black-Footed Ferret ( 2078:Clark, Tim W. (1976). 1680:Clark, Tim W. (1986). 1388:public domain material 1333:, from her 2013 album 1289: 1207: 1138:Badlands National Park 1122:Endangered Species Act 1117: 1052: 1014:Pine Ridge Reservation 1007:, a disease caused by 981: 924:tribes, including the 842:canine distemper virus 709: 633: 583: 537: 501: 402: 391: 9524:Paleobiology Database 9202:Back-striped weasel ( 9148:Black-footed ferret ( 8920:Smooth-coated otter ( 8698:Poecilogale albinucha 8367:Javan ferret-badger ( 8253:Sumatran hog badger ( 8235:Northern hog badger ( 7929:Crab-eating raccoon ( 7834:Pygmy spotted skunk ( 7555:Lobodon carcinophagus 7291:Histriophoca fasciata 7084:Australian sea lion ( 7030:California sea lion ( 6779:American black bear ( 6521:Black-backed jackal ( 6512:Side-striped jackal ( 6352:Chrysocyon brachyurus 5776:Long-nosed mongoose ( 5049:Rusty-spotted genet ( 4886:Large-spotted civet ( 4735:Sulawesi palm civet ( 4664:Owston's palm civet ( 4238:Andean mountain cat ( 3659:Polecat–ferret hybrid 3591:Yellow-bellied weasel 3407:May 10, 2007, at the 3130:. December 29, 2020. 2879:"Black footed Ferret" 2652:blackfootedferret.org 2308:10.1139/cjz-2015-0135 1781:Mother Nature Network 1775:McLendon, R. (2011). 1750:Blackfootedferret.org 1439:: e.T14020A45200314. 1287: 1205: 1115: 1046: 1029:Inbreeding depression 970: 948:, nor was it seen by 707: 655:plains pocket gophers 623: 578: 535: 496: 397: 382: 353:Clay County, Nebraska 246:), also known as the 9017:Long-tailed weasel ( 8595:Lyncodon patagonicus 8244:Greater hog badger ( 7766:Sunda stink badger ( 7456:Hawaiian monk seal ( 7179:Guadalupe fur seal ( 7152:Antarctic fur seal ( 7143:Galápagos fur seal ( 7039:Galápagos sea lion ( 6157:Common raccoon dog ( 6009:Cape gray mongoose ( 5949:Jackson's mongoose ( 5909:Paracynictis selousi 5900:Cynictis penicillata 5524:Durrell's vontsira ( 5112:Giant forest genet ( 4904:Large Indian civet ( 4844:Small Indian civet ( 4453:Sunda leopard cat ( 4229:Southern tiger cat ( 4165:African golden cat ( 3842:African palm civet ( 3690:Weasel and Aphrodite 3211:. September 26, 2013 3073:on February 18, 2021 2658:on February 19, 2021 2462:The Arizona Republic 2378:on February 8, 2013. 2275:Black-footed ferret— 2232:Journal of Mammalogy 1858:Journal of Mammalogy 1756:on February 19, 2021 1216:Revive & Restore 1168:Critically Imperiled 1071:Canine morbillivirus 994:American Fur Company 903:prairie rattlesnakes 820:, prairie threeawn, 686:mountain cottontails 659:mountain cottontails 489:Territorial behavior 484:Behavior and ecology 422:short-tailed weasels 24:Black-footed ferret 16:Species of carnivore 9060:M. aistoodonnivalis 8896:Hairy-nosed otter ( 8813:Neotropical otter ( 8593:Patagonian weasel ( 8056:White-nosed coati ( 7256:Cystophora cristata 7247:Erignathus barbatus 6980:Northern fur seal ( 6757:Helarctos malayanus 6393:Atelocynus microtis 6100:U. cinereoargenteus 5991:Egyptian mongoose ( 5918:Rhynchogale melleri 5916:Meller's mongoose ( 5907:Selous's mongoose ( 5891:Ichneumia albicauda 5845:Collared mongoose ( 5719:Angolan kusimanse ( 5603:Liberian mongoose ( 4956:West African oyan ( 4855:Civettictis civetta 4786:Golden palm civet ( 4744:Masked palm civet ( 4719:Arctictis binturong 4693:Hemigalus derbyanus 4691:Banded palm civet ( 4682:Hose's palm civet ( 4471:Rusty-spotted cat ( 3654:Polecat–mink hybrid 3516:Black-footed ferret 3511:Back-striped weasel 3411:into south-central 3339:National Geographic 3067:National Geographic 3033:. February 21, 2008 3001:1985Sci...227.1428O 2995:(4693): 1428–1434. 2949:1993CBio....3..340R 2914:2019AnCon..22..331S 2902:Animal Conservation 2618:1999BiCon...8..965W 2580:2019AnCon..22..331S 2568:Animal Conservation 2516:2014JApEc..51..735S 2126:on January 10, 2010 2038:2005AnCon...8..321W 2026:Animal Conservation 1367:Black-footed ferret 671:western meadowlarks 630:Museum of Osteology 238:Black-footed ferret 40:Conservation status 9175:European polecat ( 9008:Colombian weasel ( 8658:(African polecats) 8286:Caucasian badger ( 8214:(Eurasian badgers) 7664:(hog-nosed skunks) 7401:("southern seals") 7300:Halichoerus grypus 7231:("northern seals") 7103:Phocarctos hookeri 7008:Eumetopias jubatus 7006:Steller sea lion ( 6788:Asian black bear ( 6538:African wild dog ( 6492:(wolf-like canids) 5769:Atilax paludinosus 5728:Common kusimanse ( 5655:Dologale dybowskii 5627:Gambian mongoose ( 5411:Western falanouc ( 5402:Eastern falanouc ( 5371:Cryptoprocta ferox 5276:Parahyaena brunnea 5031:Johnston's genet ( 4986:Abyssinian genet ( 4938:(African linsangs) 4846:Viverricula indica 4777:Brown palm civet ( 4768:Asian palm civet ( 4675:Cynogale bennettii 4666:Chrotogale owstoni 4562:European wildcat ( 4553:Black-footed cat ( 4143:Leptailurus serval 4111:Asian golden cat ( 3877:(Asiatic linsangs) 3621:Long-tailed weasel 2883:Defenders magazine 2833:The New York Times 2785:Rapid City Journal 2703:Environment Canada 2446:, pp. 298–299 1972:, pp. 147–148 1839:, pp. 152–153 1323:U.S. Census Bureau 1319:Wall, South Dakota 1301:Endangered Species 1290: 1238:In popular culture 1208: 1191:, and also to the 1118: 1053: 1033:Meeteetse, Wyoming 958:John James Audubon 796:and Wolf Creek in 710: 634: 584: 538: 502: 403: 392: 329:Middle Pleistocene 286:Meeteetse, Wyoming 254:, is a species of 252:prairie dog hunter 9580:Mammals of Canada 9552: 9551: 9511:Open Tree of Life 9239:Taxon identifiers 9230: 9229: 9226: 9225: 9222: 9221: 9218: 9217: 9214: 9213: 9193:Siberian weasel ( 9184:American ermine ( 9112:Japanese weasel ( 9067:Mountain weasel ( 9051: 8974: 8973: 8760: 8745: 8744: 8741: 8740: 8729:Striped polecat ( 8679:Marbled polecat ( 8661: 8646: 8645: 8618: 8566: 8565: 8545:Japanese marten ( 8491:American marten ( 8484: 8342:M. cucphuongensis 8333: 8316: 8315: 8304:European badger ( 8277:Japanese badger ( 8217: 8170:American badger ( 8133: 8132: 8129: 8128: 8105: 8104: 8101: 8100: 8029: 7988:Northern olingo ( 7972: 7947:Cozumel raccoon ( 7922: 7846: 7845: 7800: 7759: 7667: 7648: 7590: 7589: 7586: 7585: 7582: 7581: 7578: 7577: 7574: 7573: 7564:Ommatophoca rossi 7537:Hydrurga leptonyx 7524: 7521:(Antarctic seals) 7494:M. angustirostris 7485: 7468: 7467: 7434:Monachus monachus 7421: 7404: 7389: 7388: 7385: 7384: 7234: 7217: 7200: 7199: 7062:Otaria flavescens 7051: 7050: 6962: 6930:Odobenus rosmarus 6894: 6893: 6890: 6889: 6886: 6885: 6882: 6881: 6845: 6822: 6821: 6818: 6817: 6720:Spectacled bear ( 6678: 6654: 6653: 6650: 6649: 6646: 6645: 6494: 6481: 6480: 6400:Crab-eating fox ( 6391:Short-eared dog ( 6339: 6324: 6311: 6310: 6193: 6135:Otocyon megalotis 6079: 6046: 6045: 6042: 6041: 6038: 6037: 6034: 6033: 6030: 6029: 5898:Yellow mongoose ( 5749: 5748: 5636:Banded mongoose ( 5605:Liberiictus kuhni 5559: 5540: 5539: 5536: 5535: 5423: 5422: 5349: 5318: 5317: 5314: 5313: 5310: 5309: 5254: 5215: 5181: 5180: 5177: 5176: 5173: 5172: 5145: 5144: 5141: 5140: 5137: 5136: 5133: 5132: 5085:Servaline genet ( 5004:Bourlon's genet ( 4979: 4940: 4916: 4915: 4798: 4797: 4770:P. hermaphroditus 4622: 4621: 4618: 4617: 4614: 4613: 4590: 4589: 4586: 4585: 4582: 4581: 4578: 4577: 4574: 4573: 4535:African wildcat ( 4492: 4491: 4462:Flat-headed cat ( 4402: 4401: 4186: 4185: 4123: 4122: 4037: 4036: 4033: 4032: 3961:Clouded leopard ( 3920: 3895:Spotted linsang ( 3879: 3844:Nandinia binotata 3726: 3725: 3642: 3641: 3561:Patagonian weasel 2922:10.1111/acv.12466 2735:. October 2, 2009 2709:on March 31, 2017 2588:10.1111/acv.12466 1924:Mammalian Species 1282: 1281: 899:ferruginous hawks 879:great horned owls 663:upland sandpipers 234: 233: 229: 225:Putorius nigripes 80: 63: 9622: 9545: 9544: 9532: 9531: 9519: 9518: 9506: 9505: 9493: 9492: 9480: 9479: 9467: 9466: 9454: 9453: 9441: 9440: 9428: 9427: 9415: 9414: 9402: 9401: 9389: 9388: 9376: 9375: 9366: 9365: 9353: 9352: 9343: 9342: 9330: 9329: 9317: 9316: 9307: 9306: 9304:mustela-nigripes 9294: 9293: 9291:Mustela_nigripes 9281: 9280: 9279: 9277:Mustela nigripes 9266: 9265: 9264: 9247:Mustela nigripes 9234: 9233: 9166:Malayan weasel ( 9085:Steppe polecat ( 9058:Sichuan weasel ( 9050: 9049: 9045: 8985: 8984: 8922:L. perspicillata 8887:Eurasian otter ( 8764: 8763: 8759: 8758: 8754: 8665: 8664: 8660: 8659: 8655: 8634:Greater grison ( 8617: 8616: 8612: 8586: 8585: 8577: 8576: 8527:Nilgiri marten ( 8500:Pacific marten ( 8483: 8482: 8478: 8404: 8403: 8387:M. subaurantiaca 8332: 8331: 8330:(ferret-badgers) 8327: 8221: 8220: 8216: 8215: 8211: 8163: 8162: 8152: 8151: 8139: 8138: 8033: 8032: 8028: 8027: 8023: 7971: 7970: 7966: 7921: 7920: 7916: 7857: 7856: 7799: 7798: 7797:(spotted skunks) 7794: 7758: 7757: 7753: 7666: 7665: 7661: 7652: 7651: 7647: 7646: 7638: 7609: 7608: 7596: 7595: 7553:Crabeater seal ( 7528: 7527: 7523: 7522: 7518: 7484: 7483: 7482:(elephant seals) 7479: 7458:N. schauinslandi 7425: 7424: 7420: 7419: 7415: 7408: 7407: 7403: 7402: 7398: 7273: 7272: 7238: 7237: 7233: 7232: 7228: 7221: 7220: 7216: 7215: 7209: 7170:Brown fur seal ( 7145:A. galapagoensis 7032:Z. californianus 6999: 6998: 6966: 6965: 6961: 6960: 6946: 6916: 6915: 6908: 6900: 6899: 6844: 6843: 6839: 6833: 6832: 6748:Melursus ursinus 6739: 6738: 6682: 6681: 6677: 6674: 6667: 6666: 6634:Ethiopian wolf ( 6498: 6497: 6493: 6490: 6343: 6342: 6338: 6335: 6328: 6327: 6323: 6320: 6209:Blanford's fox ( 6192: 6185: 6126: 6125: 6084: 6083: 6078: 6075: 6068: 6067: 6060: 6052: 6051: 5854:Ruddy mongoose ( 5836:Javan mongoose ( 5767:Marsh mongoose ( 5760: 5759: 5739:C. platycephalus 5572: 5571: 5563: 5562: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5434: 5433: 5378:Malagasy civet ( 5362: 5361: 5353: 5352: 5348: 5343: 5336: 5335: 5331: 5258: 5257: 5253: 5250: 5219: 5218: 5214: 5211: 5204: 5203: 5200: 5199: 5187: 5186: 5151: 5150: 4978: 4975: 4939: 4936: 4927: 4926: 4837: 4836: 4833: 4822: 4821: 4817: 4804: 4803: 4710: 4709: 4652: 4651: 4641: 4640: 4628: 4627: 4422:Otocolobus manul 4413: 4412: 4335: 4334: 4211:Geoffroy's cat ( 4134: 4133: 4064: 4063: 4055: 4054: 4050: 3938: 3937: 3929: 3928: 3925: 3924: 3919: 3916: 3909: 3908: 3886:Banded linsang ( 3878: 3875: 3867: 3866: 3856: 3855: 3835: 3834: 3824: 3823: 3816: 3808: 3807: 3753: 3746: 3739: 3730: 3729: 3716: 3715: 3708:Category:Weasels 3706: 3705: 3632: 3616:Colombian weasel 3526:European polecat 3492: 3491: 3474: 3467: 3460: 3451: 3450: 3359: 3325: 3323: 3304: 3285: 3266: 3255: 3235: 3234: 3227: 3221: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3184: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3160:. April 19, 2023 3150: 3144: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3120: 3114: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3089: 3083: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3059: 3053: 3040: 3034: 3031:"Scorched Earth" 3027: 3021: 3020: 2983: 2977: 2976: 2932: 2926: 2925: 2896: 2890: 2876: 2870: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2851: 2845: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2823: 2814: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2794: 2788: 2777: 2771: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2761:. August 4, 2010 2751: 2745: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2725: 2719: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2695: 2689: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2674: 2668: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2654:. Archived from 2644: 2638: 2637: 2601: 2592: 2591: 2562: 2556: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2536: 2530: 2529: 2527: 2495: 2486: 2479: 2473: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2453: 2447: 2441: 2432: 2431: 2413: 2395: 2386: 2380: 2379: 2374:. Archived from 2363: 2357: 2356: 2328: 2322: 2321: 2319: 2292:Mustela nigripes 2287: 2281: 2277:Mustela nigripes 2271: 2256: 2255: 2228:Mustela nigripes 2223: 2192: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2181: 2166: 2160:Mustela nigripes 2153: 2136: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2122:. Archived from 2114:Mustela nigripes 2108: 2102: 2101: 2099: 2075: 2058: 2057: 2023: 2017:Mustela nigripes 2010: 2004: 1997: 1988: 1982: 1973: 1967: 1958: 1952: 1946: 1945: 1935: 1918:Mustela nigripes 1911: 1890: 1889: 1854:Mustela nigripes 1849: 1840: 1834: 1825: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1806: 1797: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1783:. Archived from 1772: 1766: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1742: 1736: 1733: 1702: 1701: 1677: 1664: 1663: 1636:Mustela nigripes 1631: 1592: 1591: 1575: 1548: 1542: 1536: 1527: 1518: 1517: 1515: 1513: 1499:Mustela nigripes 1493: 1487: 1486: 1484: 1482: 1470:Mustela nigripes 1464: 1458: 1457: 1455: 1453: 1448: 1425:Mustela nigripes 1418: 1402: 1394:Mustela nigripes 1385: 1384: 1353: 1352: 1277: 1274: 1268: 1250: 1249: 1242: 1232:COVID-19 vaccine 1082:(about 320) and 979: 887:American badgers 858:American badgers 844:, introduced by 605:spp.) and mice ( 499:weasel war dance 457:European polecat 367:dating from the 341:ground squirrels 333:M. stromeri 324:Mustela stromeri 267:European polecat 248:American polecat 243:Mustela nigripes 227: 198: 196:Mustela nigripes 178:M. nigripes 95: 94: 74: 57: 52: 51: 33: 21: 20: 9630: 9629: 9625: 9624: 9623: 9621: 9620: 9619: 9555: 9554: 9553: 9548: 9540: 9535: 9527: 9522: 9514: 9509: 9501: 9496: 9488: 9483: 9475: 9470: 9462: 9457: 9449: 9444: 9436: 9431: 9423: 9418: 9410: 9405: 9397: 9392: 9384: 9379: 9371: 9369: 9361: 9356: 9348: 9346: 9338: 9333: 9325: 9320: 9312: 9310: 9302: 9297: 9289: 9284: 9275: 9274: 9269: 9260: 9259: 9254: 9241: 9231: 9210: 9186:M. richardsonii 9130:European mink ( 9047: 9046: 9044: 9034: 9026:American mink ( 8999:Amazon weasel ( 8970: 8928: 8904: 8871: 8854: 8830: 8779: 8756: 8755: 8753: 8737: 8704: 8687: 8657: 8656: 8654: 8642: 8625:Lesser grison ( 8614: 8613: 8611: 8601: 8562: 8480: 8479: 8477: 8467: 8443: 8419: 8393: 8329: 8328: 8326: 8312: 8261: 8213: 8212: 8210: 8202: 8178: 8159: 8146: 8125: 8097: 8064: 8025: 8024: 8022: 8014: 7968: 7967: 7965: 7955: 7918: 7917: 7915: 7905: 7872: 7842: 7809:S. angustifrons 7796: 7795: 7793: 7783: 7756:(stink badgers) 7755: 7754: 7752: 7742: 7734:Striped skunk ( 7709: 7703:C. semistriatus 7663: 7662: 7660: 7640: 7639: 7637: 7629: 7623:Ailurus fulgens 7603: 7570: 7520: 7519: 7517: 7509: 7481: 7480: 7478: 7464: 7440: 7417: 7416: 7414: 7400: 7399: 7397: 7381: 7339: 7306: 7262: 7230: 7229: 7227: 7213: 7211: 7210: 7208: 7196: 7109: 7092: 7068: 7047: 7014: 6988: 6955: 6950: 6948: 6947: 6945: 6941: 6936: 6910: 6906: 6878: 6858: 6841: 6840: 6814: 6763: 6728: 6704: 6675: 6673: 6663: 6642: 6571:Golden jackal ( 6555: 6529: 6491: 6489: 6477: 6408: 6402:Cerdocyon thous 6382: 6358: 6336: 6334: 6321: 6319: 6307: 6272:Rüppell's fox ( 6186: 6184: 6174: 6159:N. procyonoides 6141: 6133:Bat-eared fox ( 6115: 6080: 6076: 6062: 6058: 6026: 6011:H. pulverulenta 5966: 5924: 5880: 5847:U. semitorquata 5802:U. auropunctata 5784: 5745: 5694: 5661: 5644: 5611: 5594: 5556: 5554: 5549: 5548: 5532: 5499: 5482: 5449: 5443:Galidia elegans 5419: 5386: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5332: 5327: 5306: 5298:Spotted hyena ( 5282: 5265:Striped hyena ( 5251: 5249: 5241: 5212: 5210: 5194: 5169: 5129: 5067:Aquatic genet ( 5058:Pardine genet ( 4995:Angolan genet ( 4976: 4974: 4964: 4949:P. richardsonii 4937: 4935: 4912: 4895:Malayan civet ( 4861: 4853:African civet ( 4829: 4828: 4818: 4813: 4812: 4808: 4794: 4752: 4699: 4684:Diplogale hosei 4648: 4635: 4610: 4570: 4488: 4428: 4408: 4398: 4374: 4357: 4330: 4324: 4298:Eurasian lynx ( 4273: 4182: 4149: 4129: 4119: 4086: 4059: 4051: 4046: 4029: 3969: 3921: 3917: 3903: 3876: 3863: 3850: 3831: 3818: 3814: 3802: 3764: 3757: 3727: 3722: 3694: 3663: 3638: 3626:Tropical weasel 3595: 3566:Siberian weasel 3556:Mountain weasel 3541:Japanese weasel 3506:American ermine 3483: 3478: 3439:Wayback Machine 3409:Wayback Machine 3388:Wayback Machine 3366: 3332: 3330:Further reading 3301: 3282: 3244: 3239: 3238: 3229: 3228: 3224: 3214: 3212: 3207: 3206: 3202: 3192: 3190: 3187:www2.census.gov 3182: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3163: 3161: 3152: 3151: 3147: 3137: 3135: 3122: 3121: 3117: 3107: 3105: 3098:livescience.com 3090: 3086: 3076: 3074: 3061: 3060: 3056: 3050:Wayback Machine 3041: 3037: 3028: 3024: 2984: 2980: 2937:Current Biology 2933: 2929: 2897: 2893: 2877: 2873: 2863: 2861: 2853: 2852: 2848: 2838: 2836: 2824: 2817: 2807: 2805: 2795: 2791: 2778: 2774: 2764: 2762: 2753: 2752: 2748: 2738: 2736: 2727: 2726: 2722: 2712: 2710: 2697: 2696: 2692: 2682: 2680: 2676: 2675: 2671: 2661: 2659: 2646: 2645: 2641: 2602: 2595: 2563: 2559: 2549: 2547: 2537: 2533: 2496: 2489: 2480: 2476: 2466: 2464: 2454: 2450: 2442: 2435: 2393: 2387: 2383: 2364: 2360: 2345:10.2307/3808053 2329: 2325: 2288: 2284: 2272: 2259: 2244:10.2307/1381377 2224: 2195: 2185: 2183: 2182:on June 6, 2013 2179: 2164: 2154: 2139: 2129: 2127: 2110: 2109: 2105: 2076: 2061: 2021: 2011: 2007: 1998: 1991: 1983: 1976: 1968: 1961: 1953: 1949: 1933:10.2307/3503892 1912: 1893: 1850: 1843: 1835: 1828: 1818: 1816: 1808: 1807: 1800: 1790: 1788: 1773: 1769: 1759: 1757: 1744: 1743: 1739: 1734: 1705: 1678: 1667: 1652:10.2307/2425964 1632: 1595: 1576: 1551: 1543: 1539: 1528: 1521: 1511: 1509: 1495: 1494: 1490: 1480: 1478: 1466: 1465: 1461: 1451: 1449: 1419: 1408: 1391: 1382: 1379: 1374: 1373: 1372: 1354: 1350: 1345: 1299:as part of the 1278: 1272: 1269: 1262: 1251: 1247: 1240: 1065:Yersinia pestis 1041: 1009:Yersinia pestis 1005:Sylvatic plague 986: 980: 977: 922:Native American 919: 895:prairie falcons 867:Yersinia pestis 856:, coyotes, and 850:common raccoons 830: 702: 678:sagebrush voles 573: 530: 491: 486: 377: 311: 282:sylvatic plague 211: 200: 194: 181: 89: 81: 64: 53: 49: 42: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9628: 9618: 9617: 9612: 9607: 9602: 9597: 9592: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9572: 9567: 9550: 9549: 9547: 9546: 9533: 9520: 9507: 9494: 9481: 9468: 9455: 9442: 9429: 9416: 9403: 9390: 9377: 9367: 9354: 9344: 9331: 9318: 9308: 9295: 9282: 9267: 9251: 9249: 9243: 9242: 9228: 9227: 9224: 9223: 9220: 9219: 9216: 9215: 9212: 9211: 9209: 9208: 9204:M. strigidorsa 9199: 9190: 9181: 9172: 9163: 9157:Least weasel ( 9154: 9145: 9136: 9127: 9118: 9109: 9103:Haida ermine ( 9100: 9091: 9087:M. eversmannii 9082: 9073: 9064: 9054: 9052: 9036: 9035: 9033: 9032: 9023: 9014: 9005: 8995: 8993: 8982: 8976: 8975: 8972: 8971: 8969: 8968: 8959: 8950: 8940: 8938: 8930: 8929: 8927: 8926: 8916: 8914: 8906: 8905: 8903: 8902: 8893: 8883: 8881: 8873: 8872: 8870: 8869: 8859: 8856: 8855: 8853: 8852: 8842: 8840: 8832: 8831: 8829: 8828: 8819: 8815:L. longicaudis 8810: 8804:Marine otter ( 8801: 8791: 8789: 8781: 8780: 8778: 8777: 8767: 8761: 8747: 8746: 8743: 8742: 8739: 8738: 8736: 8735: 8726: 8716: 8714: 8706: 8705: 8703: 8702: 8692: 8689: 8688: 8686: 8685: 8675: 8673: 8662: 8648: 8647: 8644: 8643: 8641: 8640: 8631: 8621: 8619: 8603: 8602: 8600: 8599: 8589: 8583: 8574: 8568: 8567: 8564: 8563: 8561: 8560: 8551: 8542: 8533: 8524: 8518:Beech marten ( 8515: 8506: 8497: 8487: 8485: 8469: 8468: 8466: 8465: 8455: 8453: 8445: 8444: 8442: 8441: 8431: 8429: 8421: 8420: 8418: 8417: 8407: 8401: 8395: 8394: 8392: 8391: 8382: 8373: 8364: 8355: 8346: 8336: 8334: 8318: 8317: 8314: 8313: 8311: 8310: 8301: 8295:Asian badger ( 8292: 8283: 8273: 8271: 8263: 8262: 8260: 8259: 8250: 8241: 8237:A. albogularis 8231: 8229: 8218: 8204: 8203: 8201: 8200: 8194:Honey badger ( 8190: 8188: 8180: 8179: 8177: 8176: 8166: 8160: 8155: 8148: 8147: 8135: 8134: 8131: 8130: 8127: 8126: 8124: 8123: 8122: 8121: 8115: 8113: 8107: 8106: 8103: 8102: 8099: 8098: 8096: 8095: 8086: 8076: 8074: 8066: 8065: 8063: 8062: 8053: 8043: 8041: 8030: 8016: 8015: 8013: 8012: 8003: 7994: 7985: 7975: 7973: 7957: 7956: 7954: 7953: 7944: 7935: 7931:P. cancrivorus 7925: 7923: 7907: 7906: 7904: 7903: 7899:B. sumichrasti 7894: 7884: 7882: 7874: 7873: 7871: 7870: 7860: 7854: 7848: 7847: 7844: 7843: 7841: 7840: 7831: 7822: 7813: 7803: 7801: 7785: 7784: 7782: 7781: 7772: 7762: 7760: 7744: 7743: 7741: 7740: 7731: 7725:Hooded skunk ( 7721: 7719: 7711: 7710: 7708: 7707: 7698: 7689: 7680: 7670: 7668: 7649: 7631: 7630: 7628: 7627: 7617: 7615: 7605: 7604: 7592: 7591: 7588: 7587: 7584: 7583: 7580: 7579: 7576: 7575: 7572: 7571: 7569: 7568: 7559: 7550: 7544:Weddell seal ( 7541: 7535:Leopard seal ( 7531: 7525: 7511: 7510: 7508: 7507: 7498: 7488: 7486: 7470: 7469: 7466: 7465: 7463: 7462: 7452: 7450: 7442: 7441: 7439: 7438: 7428: 7422: 7405: 7391: 7390: 7387: 7386: 7383: 7382: 7380: 7379: 7370: 7361: 7355:Caspian seal ( 7351: 7349: 7341: 7340: 7338: 7337: 7328: 7322:Spotted seal ( 7318: 7316: 7308: 7307: 7305: 7304: 7295: 7286: 7276: 7270: 7264: 7263: 7261: 7260: 7251: 7245:Bearded seal ( 7241: 7235: 7218: 7214:or true seals) 7212:(earless seals 7202: 7201: 7198: 7197: 7195: 7194: 7185: 7176: 7167: 7158: 7149: 7140: 7131: 7121: 7119: 7111: 7110: 7108: 7107: 7097: 7094: 7093: 7091: 7090: 7080: 7078: 7070: 7069: 7067: 7066: 7056: 7053: 7052: 7049: 7048: 7046: 7045: 7036: 7026: 7024: 7016: 7015: 7013: 7012: 7002: 6996: 6990: 6989: 6987: 6986: 6976: 6974: 6963: 6938: 6937: 6935: 6934: 6924: 6922: 6912: 6911: 6896: 6895: 6892: 6891: 6888: 6887: 6884: 6883: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6876: 6875: 6874: 6868: 6866: 6860: 6859: 6857: 6856: 6855: 6854: 6848: 6846: 6830: 6824: 6823: 6820: 6819: 6816: 6815: 6813: 6812: 6803: 6794: 6785: 6775: 6773: 6765: 6764: 6762: 6761: 6752: 6742: 6736: 6730: 6729: 6727: 6726: 6716: 6714: 6706: 6705: 6703: 6702: 6698:A. melanoleuca 6692: 6690: 6679: 6664: 6659: 6656: 6655: 6652: 6651: 6648: 6647: 6644: 6643: 6641: 6640: 6631: 6622: 6616:Eastern wolf ( 6613: 6604: 6598:African wolf ( 6595: 6586: 6580:Domestic dog ( 6577: 6567: 6565: 6557: 6556: 6554: 6553: 6544: 6534: 6531: 6530: 6528: 6527: 6518: 6508: 6506: 6495: 6483: 6482: 6479: 6478: 6476: 6475: 6466: 6460:Sechuran fox ( 6457: 6453:L. gymnocercus 6448: 6439: 6433:Darwin's fox ( 6430: 6420: 6418: 6410: 6409: 6407: 6406: 6397: 6387: 6384: 6383: 6381: 6380: 6370: 6368: 6360: 6359: 6357: 6356: 6346: 6340: 6325: 6313: 6312: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6305: 6296: 6287: 6278: 6269: 6260: 6251: 6242: 6233: 6224: 6215: 6206: 6202:V. bengalensis 6196: 6194: 6176: 6175: 6173: 6172: 6163: 6153: 6151: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6139: 6129: 6123: 6117: 6116: 6114: 6113: 6104: 6094: 6092: 6081: 6071: 6064: 6063: 6048: 6047: 6044: 6043: 6040: 6039: 6036: 6035: 6032: 6031: 6028: 6027: 6025: 6024: 6015: 6006: 5997: 5988: 5978: 5976: 5968: 5967: 5965: 5964: 5955: 5946: 5942:B. crassicauda 5936: 5934: 5926: 5925: 5923: 5922: 5913: 5904: 5895: 5885: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5878: 5869: 5860: 5851: 5842: 5833: 5824: 5815: 5806: 5796: 5794: 5786: 5785: 5783: 5782: 5773: 5763: 5757: 5751: 5750: 5747: 5746: 5744: 5743: 5734: 5725: 5716: 5706: 5704: 5696: 5695: 5693: 5692: 5683: 5673: 5671: 5663: 5662: 5660: 5659: 5649: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5642: 5633: 5623: 5621: 5613: 5612: 5610: 5609: 5599: 5596: 5595: 5593: 5592: 5582: 5580: 5569: 5560: 5542: 5541: 5538: 5537: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5530: 5521: 5511: 5509: 5501: 5500: 5498: 5497: 5487: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5480: 5476:G. grandidieri 5471: 5461: 5459: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5447: 5437: 5431: 5425: 5424: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5417: 5408: 5398: 5396: 5388: 5387: 5385: 5384: 5375: 5365: 5359: 5350: 5333: 5323: 5320: 5319: 5316: 5315: 5312: 5311: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5304: 5294: 5292: 5284: 5283: 5281: 5280: 5271: 5261: 5255: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5239: 5229: 5227: 5216: 5196: 5195: 5183: 5182: 5179: 5178: 5175: 5174: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5167: 5166: 5165: 5159: 5157: 5147: 5146: 5143: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5135: 5134: 5131: 5130: 5128: 5127: 5118: 5109: 5100: 5091: 5082: 5073: 5064: 5055: 5046: 5040:Letaba genet ( 5037: 5028: 5022:Common genet ( 5019: 5010: 5001: 4992: 4982: 4980: 4966: 4965: 4963: 4962: 4953: 4943: 4941: 4924: 4918: 4917: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4910: 4901: 4892: 4883: 4873: 4871: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4859: 4850: 4840: 4834: 4819: 4807: 4800: 4799: 4796: 4795: 4793: 4792: 4788:P. zeylonensis 4783: 4774: 4764: 4762: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4750: 4746:Paguma larvata 4741: 4732: 4723: 4713: 4707: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4697: 4688: 4679: 4670: 4660: 4658: 4649: 4644: 4637: 4636: 4624: 4623: 4620: 4619: 4616: 4615: 4612: 4611: 4609: 4608: 4607: 4606: 4600: 4598: 4592: 4591: 4588: 4587: 4584: 4583: 4580: 4579: 4576: 4575: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4568: 4559: 4550: 4541: 4532: 4523: 4517:Domestic cat ( 4514: 4504: 4502: 4494: 4493: 4490: 4489: 4487: 4486: 4477: 4473:P. rubiginosus 4468: 4459: 4450: 4446:P. bengalensis 4440: 4438: 4430: 4429: 4427: 4426: 4420:Pallas's cat ( 4416: 4410: 4404: 4403: 4400: 4399: 4397: 4396: 4386: 4384: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4372: 4362: 4359: 4358: 4356: 4355: 4345: 4343: 4332: 4326: 4325: 4323: 4322: 4313: 4307:Iberian lynx ( 4304: 4295: 4285: 4283: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4271: 4262: 4253: 4244: 4235: 4226: 4217: 4208: 4198: 4196: 4188: 4187: 4184: 4183: 4181: 4180: 4171: 4161: 4159: 4151: 4150: 4148: 4147: 4137: 4131: 4125: 4124: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4117: 4108: 4098: 4096: 4088: 4087: 4085: 4084: 4074: 4072: 4061: 4052: 4042: 4039: 4038: 4035: 4034: 4031: 4030: 4028: 4027: 4018: 4009: 4000: 3991: 3985:Snow leopard ( 3981: 3979: 3971: 3970: 3968: 3967: 3958: 3948: 3946: 3935: 3922: 3912: 3905: 3904: 3902: 3901: 3892: 3882: 3880: 3864: 3859: 3852: 3851: 3849: 3848: 3838: 3832: 3827: 3820: 3819: 3804: 3803: 3801: 3800: 3798:Laurasiatheria 3794: 3788: 3782: 3776: 3769: 3766: 3765: 3756: 3755: 3748: 3741: 3733: 3724: 3723: 3721: 3720: 3710: 3699: 3696: 3695: 3693: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3671: 3669: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3661: 3656: 3650: 3648: 3644: 3643: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3636: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3607: 3605: 3597: 3596: 3594: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3576:Steppe polecat 3573: 3571:Sichuan weasel 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3551:Malayan weasel 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3502: 3500: 3489: 3485: 3484: 3477: 3476: 3469: 3462: 3454: 3448: 3447: 3442: 3430: 3421: 3416: 3399: 3393: 3378: 3373: 3365: 3364:External links 3362: 3361: 3360: 3331: 3328: 3327: 3326: 3305: 3299: 3286: 3280: 3267: 3256: 3243: 3240: 3237: 3236: 3222: 3200: 3171: 3145: 3115: 3084: 3054: 3035: 3022: 2978: 2943:(6): 340–350. 2927: 2908:(4): 331–340. 2891: 2871: 2846: 2815: 2789: 2772: 2746: 2720: 2690: 2669: 2639: 2612:(7): 965–976. 2593: 2574:(4): 331–340. 2557: 2531: 2510:(3): 735–745. 2487: 2474: 2448: 2433: 2381: 2358: 2323: 2282: 2257: 2238:(2): 261–273. 2193: 2137: 2103: 2090:(3): 275–280. 2059: 2032:(3): 321–328. 2005: 1989: 1974: 1959: 1947: 1891: 1841: 1826: 1798: 1787:on May 9, 2015 1767: 1737: 1703: 1665: 1646:(2): 225–239. 1593: 1549: 1537: 1519: 1488: 1459: 1405: 1404: 1378: 1375: 1355: 1348: 1347: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1280: 1279: 1254: 1252: 1245: 1239: 1236: 1051:, South Dakota 1040: 1037: 985: 982: 975: 918: 915: 846:striped skunks 829: 826: 822:sixweeks grass 808:, Mexico, and 738:Big Horn Basin 701: 698: 572: 569: 555:copulatory tie 529: 526: 490: 487: 485: 482: 461:steppe polecat 400:Louisville Zoo 376: 373: 310: 307: 271:steppe polecat 269:and the Asian 232: 231: 220: 219: 213: 212: 201: 190: 189: 183: 182: 175: 173: 169: 168: 161: 157: 156: 151: 147: 146: 141: 137: 136: 131: 127: 126: 121: 117: 116: 111: 107: 106: 101: 97: 96: 83: 82: 69: 66: 65: 47: 44: 43: 38: 35: 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9627: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9606: 9603: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9578: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9566: 9563: 9562: 9560: 9543: 9538: 9534: 9530: 9525: 9521: 9517: 9512: 9508: 9504: 9499: 9495: 9491: 9486: 9482: 9478: 9473: 9469: 9465: 9460: 9456: 9452: 9447: 9443: 9439: 9434: 9430: 9426: 9421: 9417: 9413: 9408: 9404: 9400: 9395: 9391: 9387: 9382: 9378: 9374: 9368: 9364: 9359: 9355: 9351: 9345: 9341: 9336: 9332: 9328: 9323: 9319: 9315: 9309: 9305: 9300: 9296: 9292: 9287: 9283: 9278: 9272: 9268: 9263: 9257: 9253: 9252: 9250: 9248: 9244: 9240: 9235: 9207: 9205: 9200: 9198: 9196: 9191: 9189: 9187: 9182: 9180: 9178: 9173: 9171: 9169: 9164: 9162: 9160: 9155: 9153: 9151: 9146: 9144: 9142: 9141:M. lutreolina 9137: 9135: 9133: 9128: 9126: 9124: 9119: 9117: 9115: 9110: 9108: 9106: 9101: 9099: 9097: 9092: 9090: 9088: 9083: 9081: 9079: 9074: 9072: 9070: 9065: 9063: 9061: 9056: 9055: 9053: 9043: 9042: 9037: 9031: 9029: 9024: 9022: 9020: 9015: 9013: 9011: 9006: 9004: 9002: 8997: 8996: 8994: 8992: 8991: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8977: 8967: 8965: 8960: 8958: 8956: 8951: 8949: 8947: 8942: 8941: 8939: 8937: 8936: 8931: 8925: 8923: 8918: 8917: 8915: 8913: 8912: 8907: 8901: 8899: 8894: 8892: 8890: 8885: 8884: 8882: 8880: 8879: 8874: 8868: 8866: 8861: 8860: 8857: 8851: 8849: 8844: 8843: 8841: 8839: 8838: 8833: 8827: 8825: 8820: 8818: 8816: 8811: 8809: 8807: 8802: 8800: 8798: 8797:L. canadensis 8793: 8792: 8790: 8788: 8787: 8782: 8776: 8774: 8771:Giant otter ( 8769: 8768: 8765: 8762: 8752: 8748: 8734: 8732: 8727: 8725: 8723: 8718: 8717: 8715: 8713: 8712: 8707: 8701: 8699: 8694: 8693: 8690: 8684: 8682: 8677: 8676: 8674: 8672: 8671: 8666: 8663: 8653: 8649: 8639: 8637: 8632: 8630: 8628: 8623: 8622: 8620: 8610: 8609: 8604: 8598: 8596: 8591: 8590: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8569: 8559: 8557: 8552: 8550: 8548: 8543: 8541: 8539: 8534: 8532: 8530: 8529:M. gwatkinsii 8525: 8523: 8521: 8516: 8514: 8512: 8507: 8505: 8503: 8498: 8496: 8494: 8489: 8488: 8486: 8476: 8475: 8470: 8464: 8462: 8457: 8456: 8454: 8452: 8451: 8446: 8440: 8438: 8433: 8432: 8430: 8428: 8427: 8422: 8416: 8414: 8409: 8408: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8396: 8390: 8388: 8383: 8381: 8379: 8374: 8372: 8370: 8369:M. orientalis 8365: 8363: 8361: 8356: 8354: 8352: 8347: 8345: 8343: 8338: 8337: 8335: 8325: 8324: 8319: 8309: 8307: 8302: 8300: 8298: 8293: 8291: 8289: 8284: 8282: 8280: 8275: 8274: 8272: 8270: 8269: 8264: 8258: 8256: 8251: 8249: 8247: 8242: 8240: 8238: 8233: 8232: 8230: 8228: 8227: 8222: 8219: 8209: 8205: 8199: 8197: 8192: 8191: 8189: 8187: 8186: 8181: 8175: 8173: 8172:Taxidea taxus 8168: 8167: 8164: 8161: 8158: 8153: 8149: 8145: 8140: 8136: 8119: 8118: 8117: 8116: 8114: 8112: 8108: 8094: 8092: 8087: 8085: 8083: 8082:N. meridensis 8078: 8077: 8075: 8073: 8072: 8067: 8061: 8059: 8054: 8052: 8050: 8045: 8044: 8042: 8040: 8039: 8034: 8031: 8021: 8017: 8011: 8009: 8004: 8002: 8000: 7995: 7993: 7991: 7986: 7984: 7982: 7977: 7976: 7974: 7964: 7963: 7958: 7952: 7950: 7945: 7943: 7941: 7936: 7934: 7932: 7927: 7926: 7924: 7914: 7913: 7908: 7902: 7900: 7895: 7893: 7891: 7886: 7885: 7883: 7881: 7880: 7875: 7869: 7867: 7862: 7861: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7849: 7839: 7837: 7832: 7830: 7828: 7823: 7821: 7819: 7814: 7812: 7810: 7805: 7804: 7802: 7792: 7791: 7786: 7780: 7778: 7773: 7771: 7769: 7768:M. javanensis 7764: 7763: 7761: 7751: 7750: 7745: 7739: 7737: 7732: 7730: 7728: 7723: 7722: 7720: 7718: 7717: 7712: 7706: 7704: 7699: 7697: 7695: 7694:C. leuconotus 7690: 7688: 7686: 7685:C. humboldtii 7681: 7679: 7677: 7672: 7671: 7669: 7659: 7658: 7653: 7650: 7644: 7636: 7632: 7626: 7624: 7619: 7618: 7616: 7614: 7610: 7606: 7602: 7597: 7593: 7567: 7565: 7560: 7558: 7556: 7551: 7549: 7547: 7542: 7540: 7538: 7533: 7532: 7529: 7526: 7516: 7512: 7506: 7504: 7499: 7497: 7495: 7490: 7489: 7487: 7477: 7476: 7471: 7461: 7459: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7449: 7448: 7443: 7437: 7435: 7430: 7429: 7426: 7423: 7413: 7409: 7406: 7396: 7392: 7378: 7376: 7373:Baikal seal ( 7371: 7369: 7367: 7364:Ringed seal ( 7362: 7360: 7358: 7353: 7352: 7350: 7348: 7347: 7342: 7336: 7334: 7331:Harbor seal ( 7329: 7327: 7325: 7320: 7319: 7317: 7315: 7314: 7309: 7303: 7301: 7296: 7294: 7292: 7289:Ribbon seal ( 7287: 7285: 7283: 7278: 7277: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7265: 7259: 7257: 7254:Hooded seal ( 7252: 7250: 7248: 7243: 7242: 7239: 7236: 7226: 7222: 7219: 7207: 7203: 7193: 7191: 7190:A. tropicalis 7186: 7184: 7182: 7177: 7175: 7173: 7168: 7166: 7164: 7159: 7157: 7155: 7150: 7148: 7146: 7141: 7139: 7137: 7132: 7130: 7128: 7123: 7122: 7120: 7118: 7117: 7116:Arctocephalus 7112: 7106: 7104: 7099: 7098: 7095: 7089: 7087: 7082: 7081: 7079: 7077: 7076: 7071: 7065: 7063: 7058: 7057: 7054: 7044: 7042: 7041:Z. wollebaeki 7037: 7035: 7033: 7028: 7027: 7025: 7023: 7022: 7017: 7011: 7009: 7004: 7003: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6991: 6985: 6983: 6978: 6977: 6975: 6973: 6972: 6967: 6964: 6958: 6953: 6949:(eared seals: 6944: 6939: 6933: 6931: 6926: 6925: 6923: 6921: 6917: 6913: 6909: 6901: 6897: 6872: 6871: 6870: 6869: 6867: 6865: 6861: 6852: 6851: 6850: 6849: 6847: 6838: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6825: 6811: 6809: 6804: 6802: 6800: 6795: 6793: 6791: 6790:U. thibetanus 6786: 6784: 6782: 6781:U. americanus 6777: 6776: 6774: 6772: 6771: 6766: 6760: 6758: 6753: 6751: 6749: 6744: 6743: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6731: 6725: 6723: 6718: 6717: 6715: 6713: 6712: 6707: 6701: 6699: 6696:Giant panda ( 6694: 6693: 6691: 6689: 6688: 6683: 6680: 6672: 6668: 6665: 6662: 6657: 6639: 6637: 6632: 6630: 6628: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6614: 6612: 6610: 6605: 6603: 6601: 6596: 6594: 6592: 6587: 6585: 6583: 6582:C. familiaris 6578: 6576: 6574: 6569: 6568: 6566: 6564: 6563: 6558: 6552: 6550: 6545: 6543: 6541: 6540:Lycaon pictus 6536: 6535: 6532: 6526: 6524: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6510: 6509: 6507: 6505: 6504: 6499: 6496: 6488: 6484: 6474: 6472: 6467: 6465: 6463: 6458: 6456: 6454: 6449: 6447: 6445: 6440: 6438: 6436: 6431: 6429: 6427: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6417: 6416: 6411: 6405: 6403: 6398: 6396: 6394: 6389: 6388: 6385: 6379: 6377: 6372: 6371: 6369: 6367: 6366: 6361: 6355: 6353: 6348: 6347: 6344: 6341: 6333: 6329: 6326: 6318: 6314: 6304: 6302: 6297: 6295: 6293: 6288: 6286: 6284: 6279: 6277: 6275: 6270: 6268: 6266: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6252: 6250: 6248: 6243: 6241: 6239: 6236:Tibetan fox ( 6234: 6232: 6230: 6225: 6223: 6221: 6216: 6214: 6212: 6207: 6205: 6203: 6198: 6197: 6195: 6190: 6183: 6182: 6177: 6171: 6169: 6168:N. viverrinus 6164: 6162: 6160: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6150: 6149: 6144: 6138: 6136: 6131: 6130: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6118: 6112: 6110: 6109:U. littoralis 6105: 6103: 6101: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6091: 6090: 6085: 6082: 6074: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6053: 6049: 6023: 6021: 6016: 6014: 6012: 6007: 6005: 6003: 5998: 5996: 5994: 5989: 5987: 5985: 5984:H. flavescens 5980: 5979: 5977: 5975: 5974: 5969: 5963: 5961: 5956: 5954: 5952: 5947: 5945: 5943: 5938: 5937: 5935: 5933: 5932: 5927: 5921: 5919: 5914: 5912: 5910: 5905: 5903: 5901: 5896: 5894: 5892: 5887: 5886: 5883: 5877: 5875: 5874:U. vitticolla 5870: 5868: 5866: 5861: 5859: 5857: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5843: 5841: 5839: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5825: 5823: 5821: 5816: 5814: 5812: 5807: 5805: 5803: 5798: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5792: 5787: 5781: 5779: 5778:Xenogale naso 5774: 5772: 5770: 5765: 5764: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5752: 5742: 5740: 5735: 5733: 5731: 5726: 5724: 5722: 5717: 5715: 5713: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5702: 5697: 5691: 5689: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5670: 5669: 5664: 5658: 5656: 5651: 5650: 5647: 5641: 5639: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5619: 5614: 5608: 5606: 5601: 5600: 5597: 5591: 5589: 5584: 5583: 5581: 5579: 5578: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5564: 5561: 5552: 5551:sensu stricto 5547: 5543: 5529: 5527: 5522: 5520: 5518: 5513: 5512: 5510: 5508: 5507: 5502: 5496: 5494: 5489: 5488: 5485: 5479: 5477: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5463: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5457: 5452: 5446: 5444: 5439: 5438: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5426: 5416: 5414: 5409: 5407: 5405: 5400: 5399: 5397: 5395: 5394: 5389: 5383: 5381: 5380:Fossa fossana 5376: 5374: 5372: 5367: 5366: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5354: 5351: 5341: 5337: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5321: 5303: 5301: 5296: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5290: 5285: 5279: 5277: 5274:Brown hyena ( 5272: 5270: 5268: 5267:Hyaena hyaena 5263: 5262: 5259: 5256: 5248: 5244: 5238: 5236: 5231: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5225: 5220: 5217: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5188: 5184: 5163: 5162: 5161: 5160: 5158: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5126: 5124: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5110: 5108: 5106: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5094:Hausa genet ( 5092: 5090: 5088: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5047: 5045: 5043: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5011: 5009: 5007: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4997:G. angolensis 4993: 4991: 4989: 4988:G. abyssinica 4984: 4983: 4981: 4973: 4972: 4967: 4961: 4959: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4945: 4944: 4942: 4934: 4933: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4919: 4909: 4907: 4902: 4900: 4898: 4897:V. tangalunga 4893: 4891: 4889: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4869: 4864: 4858: 4856: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4842: 4841: 4838: 4835: 4832: 4831:sensu stricto 4827: 4823: 4820: 4816: 4811: 4805: 4801: 4791: 4789: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4760: 4755: 4749: 4747: 4742: 4740: 4738: 4733: 4731: 4729: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4715: 4714: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4705:Paradoxurinae 4702: 4696: 4694: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4673:Otter civet ( 4671: 4669: 4667: 4662: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4653: 4650: 4647: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4629: 4625: 4604: 4603: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4593: 4567: 4565: 4564:F. silvestris 4560: 4558: 4556: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4542: 4540: 4538: 4533: 4531: 4529: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4506: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4500: 4495: 4485: 4483: 4482:P. viverrinus 4480:Fishing cat ( 4478: 4476: 4474: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4460: 4458: 4456: 4455:P. javanensis 4451: 4449: 4447: 4444:Leopard cat ( 4442: 4441: 4439: 4437: 4436: 4431: 4425: 4423: 4418: 4417: 4414: 4411: 4405: 4395: 4393: 4388: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4382: 4377: 4371: 4369: 4364: 4363: 4360: 4354: 4352: 4347: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4341: 4336: 4333: 4327: 4321: 4319: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4291:L. canadensis 4289:Canada lynx ( 4287: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4281: 4276: 4270: 4268: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4227: 4225: 4223: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4209: 4207: 4205: 4200: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4194: 4189: 4179: 4177: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4163: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4157: 4152: 4146: 4144: 4139: 4138: 4135: 4132: 4126: 4116: 4114: 4113:C. temminckii 4109: 4107: 4105: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4094: 4089: 4083: 4081: 4078:Marbled cat ( 4076: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4070: 4065: 4062: 4056: 4053: 4049: 4048:sensu stricto 4045: 4040: 4026: 4024: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4010: 4008: 4006: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3983: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3977: 3972: 3966: 3964: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3950: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3944: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3923: 3915: 3910: 3906: 3900: 3898: 3897:P. pardicolor 3893: 3891: 3889: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3874: 3873: 3868: 3865: 3862: 3857: 3853: 3847: 3845: 3840: 3839: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3809: 3805: 3799: 3795: 3793: 3789: 3787: 3783: 3781: 3777: 3775: 3771: 3770: 3767: 3762: 3754: 3749: 3747: 3742: 3740: 3735: 3734: 3731: 3719: 3711: 3709: 3701: 3700: 3697: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3666: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3651: 3649: 3645: 3635: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3611:American mink 3609: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3603: 3598: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3586:Tonkin weasel 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3521:European mink 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3498: 3493: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3475: 3470: 3468: 3463: 3461: 3456: 3455: 3452: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3368: 3367: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3340: 3334: 3333: 3322: 3317: 3313: 3312: 3306: 3302: 3300:0-231-03733-3 3296: 3292: 3287: 3283: 3281:0-8018-7416-5 3277: 3274:. JHU Press. 3273: 3268: 3264: 3263: 3257: 3253: 3252: 3246: 3245: 3232: 3226: 3210: 3204: 3188: 3181: 3175: 3159: 3155: 3149: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3119: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3088: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3058: 3051: 3047: 3044: 3039: 3032: 3026: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2982: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2931: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2895: 2888: 2885:, Fall 2013, 2884: 2880: 2875: 2860: 2856: 2850: 2835: 2834: 2829: 2822: 2820: 2804: 2800: 2793: 2786: 2782: 2776: 2760: 2756: 2750: 2734: 2730: 2724: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2694: 2679: 2673: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2643: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2600: 2598: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2561: 2546: 2542: 2535: 2526: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2494: 2492: 2484: 2478: 2463: 2459: 2452: 2445: 2440: 2438: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2392: 2385: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2362: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2327: 2318: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2286: 2279: 2278: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2163: 2161: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2115: 2107: 2098: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2020: 2018: 2009: 2002: 1996: 1994: 1986: 1981: 1979: 1971: 1966: 1964: 1957:, p. 297 1956: 1951: 1943: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1919: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1848: 1846: 1838: 1833: 1831: 1815: 1811: 1805: 1803: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1771: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1741: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1710: 1708: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1600: 1598: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1574: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1554: 1547:, p. 151 1546: 1541: 1534: 1533: 1526: 1524: 1508: 1507: 1502: 1500: 1492: 1477: 1473: 1471: 1463: 1447: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1433: 1428: 1426: 1417: 1415: 1413: 1411: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1396: 1395: 1389: 1370: 1369: 1368: 1362: 1358: 1340: 1338: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1311: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1297:Forever stamp 1295: 1286: 1276: 1266: 1261: 1259: 1253: 1244: 1243: 1235: 1234:in Colorado. 1233: 1228: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1212: 1204: 1200: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1180: 1177: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1151: 1150:Aubrey Valley 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1114: 1110: 1108: 1104: 1099: 1098: 1093: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1072: 1067: 1066: 1060: 1059: 1050: 1045: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1010: 1006: 1002: 1000: 995: 991: 974: 969: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 914: 912: 911:American mink 906: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 875:golden eagles 871: 869: 868: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 838: 834: 825: 823: 819: 818:buffalo grass 813: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 786:Aubrey Valley 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 720:and southern 719: 715: 706: 697: 693: 691: 687: 683: 679: 674: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 631: 627: 626:predator-prey 622: 618: 616: 612: 608: 604: 603: 597: 593: 589: 582: 577: 568: 564: 561: 556: 552: 547: 543: 534: 525: 521: 517: 513: 511: 507: 500: 495: 481: 478: 472: 468: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 433: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 412: 408: 401: 396: 390: 386: 381: 372: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 325: 320: 316: 306: 304: 303:Elizabeth Ann 300: 296: 295:IUCN Red List 291: 287: 283: 278: 276: 272: 268: 264: 259: 257: 253: 249: 245: 244: 239: 230: 226: 221: 218: 214: 209: 205: 199: 197: 191: 188: 187:Binomial name 184: 180: 179: 174: 171: 170: 167: 166: 162: 159: 158: 155: 152: 149: 148: 145: 142: 139: 138: 135: 132: 129: 128: 125: 122: 119: 118: 115: 112: 109: 108: 105: 102: 99: 98: 93: 88: 84: 78: 72: 67: 61: 56: 45: 41: 36: 32: 27: 22: 19: 9246: 9203: 9194: 9185: 9176: 9167: 9158: 9149: 9147: 9140: 9131: 9122: 9113: 9104: 9095: 9086: 9077: 9068: 9059: 9039: 9027: 9018: 9009: 9000: 8988: 8963: 8954: 8945: 8933: 8921: 8909: 8898:L. sumatrana 8897: 8888: 8876: 8864: 8847: 8835: 8823: 8814: 8805: 8796: 8784: 8772: 8730: 8721: 8709: 8697: 8681:V. peregusna 8680: 8668: 8635: 8626: 8606: 8594: 8581:Lyncodontini 8572:Ictonychinae 8556:M. zibellina 8555: 8546: 8537: 8528: 8519: 8511:M. flavigula 8510: 8501: 8493:M. americana 8492: 8472: 8460: 8448: 8436: 8424: 8413:Eira barbara 8412: 8386: 8378:M. personata 8377: 8368: 8359: 8350: 8341: 8321: 8305: 8296: 8288:M. canescens 8287: 8278: 8266: 8254: 8245: 8236: 8224: 8195: 8183: 8171: 8090: 8081: 8069: 8057: 8048: 8036: 8007: 7998: 7989: 7980: 7960: 7948: 7939: 7930: 7910: 7898: 7897:Cacomistle ( 7889: 7877: 7866:Potos flavus 7865: 7835: 7826: 7817: 7808: 7788: 7776: 7767: 7747: 7735: 7726: 7714: 7702: 7693: 7684: 7675: 7655: 7622: 7563: 7554: 7545: 7536: 7502: 7493: 7473: 7457: 7445: 7433: 7418:(monk seals) 7374: 7365: 7356: 7344: 7332: 7323: 7311: 7299: 7290: 7281: 7255: 7246: 7189: 7181:A. townsendi 7180: 7171: 7163:A. philippii 7162: 7153: 7144: 7135: 7127:A. australis 7126: 7114: 7102: 7085: 7073: 7061: 7040: 7031: 7019: 7007: 6981: 6969: 6929: 6808:U. maritimus 6807: 6806:Polar bear ( 6798: 6797:Brown bear ( 6789: 6780: 6768: 6756: 6747: 6746:Sloth bear ( 6721: 6709: 6697: 6685: 6635: 6626: 6617: 6608: 6599: 6590: 6581: 6572: 6560: 6549:Cuon alpinus 6548: 6539: 6523:L. mesomelas 6522: 6513: 6501: 6470: 6461: 6452: 6451:Pampas fox ( 6443: 6434: 6425: 6413: 6401: 6392: 6376:S. venaticus 6375: 6363: 6351: 6350:Maned wolf ( 6332:Cerdocyonina 6300: 6299:Fennec fox ( 6291: 6282: 6274:V. rueppelli 6273: 6264: 6255: 6246: 6245:Arctic fox ( 6238:V. ferrilata 6237: 6228: 6227:Corsac fox ( 6219: 6210: 6201: 6200:Bengal fox ( 6179: 6167: 6158: 6146: 6134: 6108: 6107:Island fox ( 6099: 6087: 6020:H. sanguinea 6019: 6010: 6001: 5993:H. ichneumon 5992: 5983: 5971: 5959: 5950: 5941: 5929: 5917: 5908: 5899: 5890: 5873: 5864: 5855: 5846: 5837: 5828: 5820:U. edwardsii 5819: 5811:U. brachyura 5810: 5801: 5789: 5777: 5768: 5738: 5729: 5720: 5712:C. alexandri 5711: 5699: 5687: 5678: 5666: 5654: 5637: 5629:M. gambianus 5628: 5616: 5604: 5588:S. suricatta 5587: 5575: 5550: 5525: 5516: 5504: 5492: 5475: 5466: 5454: 5442: 5412: 5403: 5391: 5379: 5370: 5347:carnivorans) 5328: 5299: 5287: 5275: 5266: 5234: 5222: 5192:Herpestoidea 5155:Herpestoidea 5122: 5114:G. victoriae 5113: 5104: 5103:Cape genet ( 5095: 5087:G. servalina 5086: 5077: 5076:King genet ( 5069:G. piscivora 5068: 5059: 5050: 5041: 5033:G. johnstoni 5032: 5023: 5014: 5005: 4996: 4987: 4969: 4958:P. leightoni 4957: 4948: 4930: 4905: 4896: 4888:V. megaspila 4887: 4879:V. civettina 4878: 4866: 4854: 4845: 4830: 4814: 4787: 4778: 4769: 4757: 4745: 4736: 4727: 4718: 4692: 4683: 4674: 4665: 4563: 4554: 4546:F. margarita 4545: 4536: 4527: 4526:Jungle cat ( 4518: 4509: 4497: 4481: 4472: 4464:P. planiceps 4463: 4454: 4445: 4435:Prionailurus 4433: 4421: 4391: 4379: 4367: 4366:Jaguarundi ( 4350: 4338: 4317: 4308: 4299: 4290: 4278: 4266: 4257: 4248: 4239: 4230: 4221: 4213:L. geoffroyi 4212: 4203: 4202:Pampas cat ( 4191: 4175: 4166: 4154: 4142: 4112: 4103: 4091: 4080:P. marmorata 4079: 4067: 4047: 4022: 4013: 4004: 3995: 3986: 3974: 3962: 3953: 3941: 3896: 3887: 3870: 3843: 3796:Superorder: 3790:Infraclass: 3600: 3546:Least weasel 3531:Haida ermine 3515: 3495: 3413:South Dakota 3337: 3310: 3290: 3271: 3261: 3250: 3242:Bibliography 3225: 3213:. Retrieved 3203: 3191:. Retrieved 3186: 3174: 3162:. Retrieved 3157: 3148: 3136:. Retrieved 3127: 3118: 3106:. Retrieved 3097: 3087: 3077:February 21, 3075:. Retrieved 3071:the original 3066: 3057: 3038: 3025: 2992: 2988: 2981: 2940: 2936: 2930: 2905: 2901: 2894: 2886: 2882: 2874: 2862:. Retrieved 2858: 2849: 2837:. Retrieved 2831: 2806:. Retrieved 2802: 2792: 2784: 2775: 2763:. Retrieved 2749: 2739:September 5, 2737:. Retrieved 2733:Parks Canada 2723: 2713:September 5, 2711:. Retrieved 2707:the original 2693: 2683:September 5, 2681:. Retrieved 2672: 2660:. Retrieved 2656:the original 2651: 2642: 2609: 2605: 2571: 2567: 2560: 2548:. Retrieved 2545:The Guardian 2544: 2534: 2507: 2503: 2477: 2465:. Retrieved 2461: 2451: 2404:(4): 581–5. 2401: 2397: 2384: 2376:the original 2372:www.pc.gc.ca 2371: 2361: 2339:(1): 67–73. 2336: 2332: 2326: 2302:(1): 15–22. 2299: 2295: 2291: 2285: 2276: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2184:. Retrieved 2177:the original 2172: 2168: 2159: 2128:. Retrieved 2124:the original 2113: 2106: 2087: 2083: 2029: 2025: 2016: 2008: 1985:Merriam 1896 1950: 1926:(126): 1–3. 1923: 1917: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1819:February 21, 1817:. Retrieved 1813: 1789:. Retrieved 1785:the original 1780: 1770: 1758:. Retrieved 1754:the original 1749: 1740: 1689: 1685: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1587: 1583: 1540: 1531: 1510:. Retrieved 1504: 1498: 1491: 1479:. Retrieved 1469: 1462: 1450:. Retrieved 1436: 1430: 1424: 1393: 1380: 1365: 1364: 1363:profile for 1360: 1334: 1328: 1309: 1305:Joel Sartore 1300: 1291: 1270: 1256: 1229: 1213: 1209: 1181: 1175: 1172: 1167: 1148:. Arizona's 1119: 1107:Saskatchewan 1105:in southern 1095: 1088: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1069: 1063: 1056: 1054: 1049:Conata Basin 1027: 1022:Conata Basin 1008: 1003: 987: 971: 965: 962:John Bachman 920: 907: 872: 865: 839: 835: 831: 814: 782:South Dakota 766:Conata Basin 722:Saskatchewan 713: 711: 694: 682:meadow voles 675: 667:horned larks 635: 610: 606: 600: 588:prairie dogs 585: 565: 539: 522: 518: 514: 503: 473: 469: 434: 425: 413: 404: 388: 361:Medicine Hat 332: 322: 312: 279: 275:prairie dogs 260: 251: 247: 242: 241: 237: 235: 224: 223: 195: 193: 177: 176: 164: 18: 9485:NatureServe 9394:iNaturalist 9271:Wikispecies 9195:M. sibirica 9177:M. putorius 9150:M. nigripes 9132:M. lutreola 9105:M. haidarum 9001:N. africana 8964:A. congicus 8955:A. cinereus 8946:A. capensis 8846:Sea otter ( 8824:L. provocax 8731:I. striatus 8652:Ictonychini 8547:M. melampus 8459:Wolverine ( 8437:P. pennanti 8360:M. moschata 8351:M. everetti 8297:M. leucurus 8255:A. hoevenii 8246:A. collaris 8196:M. capensis 8091:N. olivacea 8006:Olinguito ( 7962:Bassaricyon 7949:P. pygmaeus 7879:Bassariscus 7852:Procyonidae 7827:S. putorius 7818:S. gracilis 7736:M. mephitis 7727:M. macroura 7621:Red panda ( 7601:Musteloidea 7562:Ross seal ( 7515:Lobodontini 7447:Neomonachus 7375:P. sibirica 7333:P. vitulina 7298:Grey seal ( 7280:Harp seal ( 7172:A. pusillus 7136:A. forsteri 6971:Callorhinus 6905:Pinnipedia 6864:Musteloidea 6636:C. simensis 6600:C. lupaster 6469:Hoary fox ( 6462:L. sechurae 6435:L. fulvipes 6426:L. culpaeus 6322:(true dogs) 6281:Swift fox ( 6256:V. macrotis 6148:Nyctereutes 6057:Caniformia 6002:H. ochracea 5960:B. nigripes 5951:B. jacksoni 5838:U. javanica 5755:Herpestinae 5730:C. obscurus 5721:C. ansorgei 5701:Crossarchus 5557:(mongooses) 5546:Herpestidae 5526:S. durrelli 5517:S. concolor 5467:G. fasciata 5404:E. goudotii 5325:Herpestidae 5235:P. cristata 5096:G. thierryi 5051:G. maculata 5015:G. cristata 5006:G. bourloni 4759:Paradoxurus 4717:Binturong ( 4656:Hemigalinae 4633:Viverroidea 4596:Viverroidea 4555:F. nigripes 4407:Leopard cat 4392:P. concolor 4309:L. pardinus 4258:L. tigrinus 4249:L. pardalis 4240:L. jacobita 4231:L. guttulus 4204:L. colocola 3963:N. nebulosa 3933:Pantherinae 3813:Feliformia 3215:January 25, 3193:January 25, 2864:November 1, 2186:November 7, 1987:, p. 8 1837:Kurtén 1980 1692:: 160–168. 1452:February 8, 1164:NatureServe 1097:Zoo Diaries 1092:Toronto Zoo 992:, with the 804:, northern 581:prairie dog 465:conspecific 375:Description 369:Pleistocene 357:Sangamonian 351:deposit in 315:conspecific 9559:Categories 9168:M. nudipes 9159:M. nivalis 9123:M. kathiah 9078:M. erminea 9069:M. altaica 9019:N. frenata 9010:N. felipei 8980:Mustelinae 8722:I. libycus 8636:G. vittata 8502:M. caurina 8279:M. anakuma 8157:Mustelidae 8144:Mustelidae 8120:see below↓ 8111:Mustelidae 8008:B. neblina 7919:(raccoons) 7890:B. astutus 7888:Ringtail ( 7864:Kinkajou ( 7836:S. pygmaea 7777:M. marchei 7635:Mephitidae 7503:M. leonina 7395:Monachinae 7366:P. hispida 7357:P. caspica 7154:A. gazella 7086:N. cinerea 6982:C. ursinus 6920:Odobenidae 6873:see below↓ 6853:see below↓ 6837:Pinnipedia 6755:Sun bear ( 6722:T. ornatus 6711:Tremarctos 6687:Ailuropoda 6625:Red wolf ( 6591:C. latrans 6514:L. adustus 6471:L. vetulus 6444:L. griseus 6374:Bush dog ( 6265:V. pallida 6263:Pale fox ( 6247:V. lagopus 6218:Cape fox ( 6098:Gray fox ( 5856:U. smithii 5688:H. parvula 5679:H. hirtula 5567:Mungotinae 5456:Galidictis 5429:Galidiinae 5357:Euplerinae 5340:Eupleridae 5329:sensu lato 5300:C. crocuta 5233:Aardwolf ( 5164:see below↓ 5105:G. tigrina 5078:G. poensis 5060:G. pardina 5042:G. letabae 5024:G. genetta 4922:Genettinae 4906:V. zibetha 4826:Viverrinae 4815:sensu lato 4810:Viverrinae 4779:P. jerdoni 4646:Viverridae 4605:see below↓ 4544:Sand cat ( 4351:A. jubatus 4176:C. caracal 4069:Pardofelis 3888:P. linsang 3829:Feliformia 3138:January 3, 3108:January 3, 2839:October 2, 2808:October 2, 2317:1807/70615 1970:Coues 1877 1864:(2): 422. 1791:October 9, 1746:"Timeline" 1545:Coues 1877 1343:References 1136:bordering 812:, Canada 730:New Mexico 647:house mice 607:Peromyscus 592:lagomorphs 551:copulation 542:polygynous 343:, such as 154:Mustelidae 73:Appendix I 55:Endangered 9615:Fur trade 9114:M. itatsi 9048:(weasels) 8911:Lutrogale 8848:E. lutris 8806:L. felina 8615:(grisons) 8538:M. martes 8481:(martens) 8399:Guloninae 8185:Mellivora 8058:N. narica 7999:B. medius 7990:B. gabbii 7981:B. alleni 7969:(olingos) 7938:Raccoon ( 7790:Spilogale 7676:C. chinga 7657:Conepatus 7613:Ailuridae 7412:Monachini 7324:P. largha 6994:Otariinae 6957:sea lions 6952:fur seals 6943:Otariidae 6828:Mustelida 6799:U. arctos 6661:Arctoidea 6618:C. lycaon 6573:C. aureus 6503:Lupulella 6415:Lycalopex 6292:V. vulpes 6290:Red fox ( 6254:Kit fox ( 6229:V. corsac 5973:Herpestes 5586:Meerkat ( 5345:(Malagasy 5247:Hyaeninae 5208:Hyaenidae 5123:G. felina 4537:F. lybica 4349:Cheetah ( 4267:L. wiedii 4256:Oncilla ( 4222:L. guigna 4193:Leopardus 4174:Caracal ( 4167:C. aurata 4102:Bay cat ( 4023:P. pardus 4021:Leopard ( 3996:P. tigris 3954:N. diardi 3872:Prionodon 3772:Kingdom: 3761:Carnivora 3675:Galanthis 3356:643483454 3348:0027-9358 2765:August 5, 2662:March 11, 2550:August 6, 2467:August 6, 1760:March 18, 1590:: 99–114. 1331:Neko Case 1310:Photo Ark 1132:, in the 1018:DeltaDust 990:fur trade 968:in 1851. 930:Blackfoot 862:tularemia 854:red foxes 828:Mortality 806:Chihuahua 742:Meeteetse 724:south to 639:deer mice 560:altricial 506:nocturnal 477:preputial 445:vestigial 349:Illinoian 319:carnivory 309:Evolution 172:Species: 144:Carnivora 110:Kingdom: 104:Eukaryota 9585:Prairies 9537:Species+ 9490:2.102031 9477:14001437 9412:11259518 9311:BioLib: 9256:Wikidata 9094:Ferret ( 9028:N. vison 8889:L. lutra 8757:(otters) 8751:Lutrinae 8608:Galictis 8520:M. foina 8435:Fisher ( 8323:Melogale 8306:M. meles 8226:Arctonyx 8071:Nasuella 8049:N. nasua 8026:(coatis) 7940:P. lotor 7716:Mephitis 7475:Mirounga 7225:Phocinae 7206:Phocidae 7075:Neophoca 7021:Zalophus 6928:Walrus ( 6627:C. rufus 6609:C. lupus 6589:Coyote ( 6424:Culpeo ( 6365:Speothos 6301:V. zerda 6283:V. velox 6220:V. chama 5931:Bdeogale 5829:U. fusca 5668:Helogale 5638:M. mungo 5577:Suricata 5506:Salanoia 5413:E. major 5393:Eupleres 5224:Proteles 5213:(hyenas) 4977:(genets) 4528:F. chaus 4519:F. catus 4510:F. bieti 4390:Cougar ( 4340:Acinonyx 4318:L. rufus 4316:Bobcat ( 4265:Margay ( 4247:Ocelot ( 4220:Kodkod ( 4141:Serval ( 4104:C. badia 4093:Catopuma 4003:Jaguar ( 3987:P. uncia 3976:Panthera 3943:Neofelis 3861:Feloidea 3792:Eutheria 3786:Mammalia 3780:Chordata 3778:Phylum: 3774:Animalia 3634:Sea mink 3435:Archived 3405:Archived 3384:Archived 3132:Archived 3128:KUSA.com 3102:Archived 3046:Archived 2973:40900753 2965:15335727 2889:(4): 22. 2759:CBC News 2634:25528029 2428:19203496 2130:June 14, 2054:49366571 1886:85863751 1698:23377649 1326:Survey. 1273:May 2024 1265:relocate 1185:Mark Rey 976:— 954:Townsend 938:Cheyenne 798:Colorado 770:Badlands 602:Microtus 426:Putorius 411:subgenus 407:whiskers 337:Beringia 256:mustelid 217:Synonyms 150:Family: 134:Mammalia 124:Chordata 120:Phylum: 114:Animalia 100:Domain: 60:IUCN 3.1 9570:Weasels 9464:1005873 9386:5218985 9262:Q402885 9096:M. furo 9041:Mustela 8990:Neogale 8837:Enhydra 8711:Ictonyx 8670:Vormela 8627:G. cuja 8554:Sable ( 8461:G. gulo 8426:Pekania 8411:Tayra ( 8208:Melinae 8020:Nasuina 7912:Procyon 7268:Phocini 6907:(seals) 6842:(seals) 6734:Ursinae 6676:(bears) 6671:Ursidae 6547:Dhole ( 6337:(zorro) 6211:V. cana 6121:Vulpini 6089:Urocyon 6073:Canidae 5865:U. urva 5369:Fossa ( 5289:Crocuta 4971:Genetta 4868:Viverra 4409:lineage 4331:lineage 4300:L. lynx 4156:Caracal 4130:lineage 4128:Caracal 4060:lineage 4058:Bay cat 4044:Felinae 4005:P. onca 3994:Tiger ( 3914:Felidae 3784:Class: 3763:species 3759:Extant 3647:Hybrids 3602:Neogale 3497:Mustela 3488:Species 3481:Weasels 3164:May 11, 3017:2983425 2997:Bibcode 2989:Science 2945:Bibcode 2910:Bibcode 2803:Reuters 2614:Bibcode 2576:Bibcode 2512:Bibcode 2420:7760495 2353:3808053 2252:1381377 2034:Bibcode 1942:3503892 1878:1383400 1660:2425964 1512:May 10, 1481:May 10, 1357:Scholia 1263:Please 1176:ex situ 1154:Science 1084:in situ 1080:ex situ 1076:ex situ 1058:ex situ 984:Decline 950:Nuttall 917:History 891:bobcats 883:coyotes 790:Arizona 762:Montana 750:Wyoming 746:Wyoming 734:Arizona 718:Alberta 714:Cynomys 510:burrows 480:color. 385:Merriam 210:, 1851) 208:Bachman 204:Audubon 165:Mustela 160:Genus: 140:Order: 130:Class: 75: ( 58: ( 9516:541439 9438:180557 9370:FEIS: 9363:328590 9347:ECOS: 9299:ARKive 8786:Lontra 8474:Martes 7749:Mydaus 7643:skunks 6607:Wolf ( 6487:Canina 6317:Canini 6181:Vulpes 6077:(dogs) 5618:Mungos 4932:Poiana 4014:P. leo 4012:Lion ( 3918:(cats) 3354: 3346: 3297: 3278: 3015: 2971: 2963: 2632: 2426: 2418: 2351: 2250: 2052: 1940: 1884: 1876: 1814:PEOPLE 1696: 1658: 1359:has a 1321:. 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Black-footed ferret

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